Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	WinklerMore information: Manitoba [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	15,335	...	...
Population, 2016¹	14,311	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,659	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,498	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	806.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	19.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	15,335	7,550	7,780
0 to 14 years	3,615	1,830	1,785
0 to 4 years	1,280	665	620
5 to 9 years	1,240	590	650
10 to 14 years	1,095	575	515
15 to 64 years	9,495	4,740	4,755
15 to 19 years	1,105	565	535
20 to 24 years	1,175	610	565
25 to 29 years	1,200	600	600
30 to 34 years	1,115	550	565
35 to 39 years	945	485	455
40 to 44 years	875	445	435
45 to 49 years	770	390	385
50 to 54 years	760	360	400
55 to 59 years	770	375	390
60 to 64 years	785	365	425
65 years and over	2,225	985	1,240
65 to 69 years	710	355	360
70 to 74 years	490	230	255
75 to 79 years	360	150	215
80 to 84 years	305	125	175
85 years and over	365	125	240
85 to 89 years	195	75	120
90 to 94 years	125	35	90
95 to 99 years	45	15	30
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.6	24.2	22.9
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.8	61.1
65 years and over	14.5	13.0	15.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.1
Average age of the population	36.0	34.9	37.1
Median age of the population	32.4	31.4	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,500	...	...
Single-detached house	3,470	...	...
Semi-detached house	420	...	...
Row house	690	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	205	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,495	...	...
1 person	1,280	...	...
2 persons	1,855	...	...
3 persons	740	...	...
4 persons	775	...	...
5 or more persons	845	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,150	7,485	7,665
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	11,720	5,725	5,995
Married or living common-law	7,605	3,815	3,795
Married	7,310	3,670	3,645
Living common-law	295	145	150
Living common law - Never married	230	110	120
Living common law - Separated	20	10	10
Living common law - Divorced	45	30	20
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	4,115	1,910	2,205
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,955	1,595	1,360
Not married and not living common law - Separated	230	95	140
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	300	115	190
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	620	105	515
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,080	...	...
2 persons	1,850	...	...
3 persons	690	...	...
4 persons	770	...	...
5 or more persons	775	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,085	...	...
Total couple families	3,735	...	...
Married couples	3,590	...	...
With children⁶	2,005	...	...
Without children	1,590	...	...
Common-law couples	145	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...
Without children	85	...	...
Total one-parent families	345	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	285	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	55	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,150	7,485	7,665
Total - Persons in census families	13,230	6,620	6,615
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,480	3,735	3,745
Parents in one-parent families	345	60	285
Children⁶	5,405	2,825	2,585
In a two-parent family	4,780	2,495	2,285
In a one-parent family	630	335	295
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,925	865	1,055
Living alone	1,280	485	795
Living with other relatives⁷	270	140	130
Living with non-relatives only	375	240	135
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,495	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,840	...	...
Couple-family households	3,545	...	...
With children⁶	1,975	...	...
Without children	1,565	...	...
One-parent-family households	290	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	45	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	125	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	190	...	...
One-person households	1,280	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	11,545	5,655	5,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,110	5,475	5,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	26,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,130	5,485	5,645
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,800	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,865	5,115	4,750
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	40,800	19,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,315	4,580	3,735
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,200	21,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,100	4,995	5,105
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	3,240	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,650	990	665
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,520	4,160	2,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,865	805	1,060
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	11,505	5,665	5,840
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,035	5,470	5,565
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,920	33,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,050	5,475	5,575
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,360	41,680	29,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,890	5,130	4,755
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,400	27,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,320	4,590	3,735
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,840	44,200	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,970	5,005	4,970
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,120	7,030	11,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,690	1,080	610
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,190	5,160	5,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,885	875	1,015
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,620	7,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	11,505	5,665	5,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,165	2,805	1,355
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	49,200	38,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,800	55,350	44,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,155	1,320	1,840
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	23,200	13,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,880	27,560	19,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	87.2	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	74.2	55.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	12.9	30.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	2.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	2.9	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.9	2.1	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	11,540	5,660	5,885
Without total income	430	180	245
With total income	11,115	5,475	5,635
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,120	415	705
$10,000 to $19,999	1,670	510	1,165
$20,000 to $29,999	2,045	715	1,335
$30,000 to $39,999	1,665	705	960
$40,000 to $49,999	1,610	1,025	580
$50,000 to $59,999	1,105	750	355
$60,000 to $69,999	630	440	195
$70,000 to $79,999	375	280	95
$80,000 to $89,999	295	195	95
$90,000 to $99,999	165	105	60
$100,000 and over	430	340	90
$100,000 to $149,999	290	230	65
$150,000 and over	140	110	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	11,540	5,660	5,885
Without after-tax income	415	175	240
With after-tax income	11,130	5,480	5,645
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,170	430	735
$10,000 to $19,999	1,815	565	1,250
$20,000 to $29,999	2,355	830	1,530
$30,000 to $39,999	2,075	1,070	1,000
$40,000 to $49,999	1,650	1,120	530
$50,000 to $59,999	900	610	285
$60,000 to $69,999	475	340	130
$70,000 to $79,999	275	180	90
$80,000 to $89,999	135	105	30
$90,000 to $99,999	90	70	25
$100,000 and over	195	155	35
$100,000 to $124,999	95	80	15
$125,000 and over	100	75	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	11,540	5,660	5,885
Without employment income	3,230	1,075	2,150
With employment income	8,315	4,580	3,735
Under $5,000 (including loss)	935	315	620
$5,000 to $9,999	670	255	415
$10,000 to $19,999	1,190	460	730
$20,000 to $29,999	1,095	455	645
$30,000 to $39,999	1,220	710	515
$40,000 to $49,999	1,150	815	335
$50,000 to $59,999	705	550	160
$60,000 to $69,999	445	345	105
$70,000 to $79,999	250	200	50
$80,000 to $89,999	225	155	75
$90,000 to $99,999	125	85	40
$100,000 and over	290	245	50
$100,000 to $124,999	160	135	30
$125,000 and over	130	110	25
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	11,545	5,655	5,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,750	5,290	5,465
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	42,400	24,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,755	5,290	5,470
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	37,200	23,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,665	4,995	4,670
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	40,800	20,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,230	4,500	3,730
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	41,200	22,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,385	4,705	4,680
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,800	1,110	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	965	550	425
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,040	3,760	4,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	11,505	5,665	5,840
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,685	5,285	5,405
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,760	48,280	31,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,690	5,285	5,410
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	27,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,645	5,025	4,620
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,440	46,280	27,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,260	4,535	3,725
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,040	42,880	27,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,285	4,710	4,570
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	4,776	8,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	945	545	395
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,670	5,160	6,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	11,505	5,665	5,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,155	2,795	1,360
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	48,000	36,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	47,800	51,450	40,320
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,895	1,200	1,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	26,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,840	31,350	21,940
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	91.2	75.8
Employment income (%)	70.0	76.2	60.7
Government transfers (%)	15.0	8.8	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,500	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,280	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,220	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,490	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,290	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,200	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,500	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	255	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	250	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	230	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	510	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	535	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	465	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	360	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,465	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	335	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	305	...	...
$200,000 and over	185	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,500	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	315	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	285	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	670	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	595	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	320	...	...
$100,000 and over	975	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	255	...	...
$150,000 and over	235	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,090	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,595	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,070	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	320	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,655	725	925
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	39,600	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	34,400	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,065	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,610	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,055	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	320	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,670	715	960
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	36,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,160	35,200	31,650
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,155	7,485	7,670
0 to 17 years	4,270	2,155	2,120
0 to 5 years	1,530	780	750
18 to 64 years	8,785	4,385	4,395
65 years and over	2,100	945	1,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,490	1,140	1,350
0 to 17 years	845	435	405
0 to 5 years	365	180	180
18 to 64 years	1,120	500	620
65 years and over	525	200	320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	15.2	17.6
0 to 17 years (%)	19.8	20.3	19.3
0 to 5 years (%)	23.6	23.2	24.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	11.5	14.1
65 years and over (%)	25.0	21.2	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,155	7,485	7,665
0 to 17 years	4,270	2,150	2,120
0 to 5 years	1,530	780	750
18 to 64 years	8,780	4,390	4,395
65 years and over	2,100	945	1,155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	555	280	280
0 to 17 years	140	70	65
0 to 5 years	50	20	25
18 to 64 years	370	190	185
65 years and over	45	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.7	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.3	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.0	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.2
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,155	7,485	7,670
In bottom half of the distribution	11,310	5,520	5,785
In bottom decile	1,845	845	1,000
In second decile	3,260	1,555	1,705
In third decile	2,480	1,220	1,250
In fourth decile	2,065	1,055	1,010
In fifth decile	1,655	840	815
In top half of the distribution	3,850	1,965	1,880
In sixth decile	1,265	645	620
In seventh decile	965	495	470
In eighth decile	725	360	365
In ninth decile	535	280	255
In top decile	350	180	170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,155	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,180	7,495	7,680
English only	14,495	7,195	7,300
French only	5	0	5
English and French	245	105	140
Neither English nor French	435	200	235
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,180	7,495	7,680
English	14,665	7,255	7,405
French	65	40	30
English and French	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	430	195	235
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,180	7,495	7,680
Single responses	14,635	7,230	7,405
Official languages	8,065	4,010	4,050
English	7,995	3,975	4,025
French	65	40	25
Non-official languages	6,570	3,220	3,355
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,575	3,220	3,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15
Bilen	40	25	15
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	185	105	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	90	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,180	2,995	3,180
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	560	285	275
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	560	285	275
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	500	255	245
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	50	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,240	2,510	2,730
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	2,575	1,265	1,310
German	2,580	1,265	1,310
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,660	1,250	1,415
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	230	95	130
Low Saxon	45	20	20
Plautdietsch	2,355	1,110	1,245
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	255	135	120
Indo-Aryan languages	255	135	120
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5
Gujarati	30	20	15
Hindi	15	5	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	95	80
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	65	55
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	80	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20
Chinese languages	25	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	5
S'gaw Karen	15	10	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	545	265	280
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	450	220	230
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	40
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,180	7,495	7,680
English	9,780	4,855	4,925
French	15	5	10
Non-official language	1,570	770	800
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,570	770	800
English and French	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	3,545	1,730	1,815
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	195	95	100
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,180	7,495	7,680
Single responses	14,595	7,210	7,390
Official languages	11,550	5,695	5,860
English	11,515	5,680	5,840
French	35	15	20
Non-official languages	3,040	1,510	1,535
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,040	1,510	1,535
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	20	15
Bilen	30	20	15
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	70	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	60	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	5
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,780	1,375	1,410
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	420	220	200
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	420	220	200
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5
Russian	370	195	175
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,075	1,000	1,070
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,230	600	625
German	1,230	600	625
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	840	400	445
Afrikaans	15	5	10
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	80	40	40
Low Saxon	15	5	5
Plautdietsch	735	345	390
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	110	105
Indo-Aryan languages	220	110	105
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	25	15	10
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	75	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	40	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	15
Chinese languages	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	585	290	295
English and French	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	560	285	280
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,180	7,495	7,685
None	11,850	5,875	5,975
English	1,045	525	520
French	30	15	15
Non-official language	1,840	875	965
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,835	870	960
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	240	125	120
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,070	7,480	7,595
Official languages	14,660	7,275	7,385
English	14,655	7,275	7,380
French	210	95	110
Non-official languages	7,930	3,985	3,950
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	20
Algonquian languages	25	10	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	10	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,905	3,975	3,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	120	100
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	80	60	25
Bilen	80	60	25
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	70	80
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	115	55	60
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	305	190	110
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	190	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,270	3,595	3,675
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	480
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	925	450	480
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0
Russian	870	420	450
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	50	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,330	3,120	3,205
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	3,545	1,790	1,760
German	3,545	1,790	1,760
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,280	1,565	1,720
Afrikaans	25	10	15
Dutch	60	40	15
Low German, n.o.s.	320	145	175
Low Saxon	50	25	25
Plautdietsch	2,900	1,375	1,525
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	180	155
Indo-Aryan languages	325	180	150
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	45	25	15
Hindi	110	60	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	110	80
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	65	25	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	530	330	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	70	25	40
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	480	315	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10
American Sign Language	30	20	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10
Chinese languages	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,070	7,480	7,595
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	530	230	300
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	520	230	290
First Nations (North American Indian)	280	125	160
Métis	235	110	130
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	14,540	7,245	7,295
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,070	7,480	7,595
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	195	95	100
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	14,875	7,385	7,490
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,490	...	...
Owner	3,835	...	...
Renter	1,655	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,490	...	...
Condominium	915	...	...
Not condominium	4,575	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,490	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	545	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,315	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,530	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,085	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,490	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,470	...	...
5 rooms	795	...	...
6 rooms	670	...	...
7 rooms	705	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,850	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,490	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,295	...	...
More than one person per room	190	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,490	...	...
Suitable	5,300	...	...
Not suitable	185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,490	...	...
1960 or before	405	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,165	...	...
1981 to 1990	620	...	...
1991 to 2000	630	...	...
2001 to 2005	545	...	...
2006 to 2010	685	...	...
2011 to 2015	785	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,490	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	5,365	...	...
Major repairs needed	125	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,490	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,765	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,520	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	200	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,490	...	...
15 to 24 years	345	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,045	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,015	...	...
45 to 54 years	845	...	...
55 to 64 years	885	...	...
65 to 74 years	690	...	...
75 to 84 years	420	...	...
85 years and over	240	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,475	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,380	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,095	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,490	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,360	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,045	...	...
Not suitable only	165	...	...
Major repairs needed only	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,130	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,390	...	...
In core need	335	...	...
Not in core need	5,055	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,835	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,158	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	310,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	328,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,655	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,025	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,070	7,475	7,590
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	295	140	155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	290	140	150
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	250	110	140
Métis single ancestry	40	30	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	325	125	195
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	305	120	185
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	60	60
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	55	120
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,455	7,215	7,240
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,070	7,480	7,590
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	13,295	6,550	6,745
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,945	2,015	1,930
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,350	4,535	4,810
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,775	925	845
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,070	7,480	7,590
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,655	5,245	5,410
Immigrants⁸¹	4,170	2,085	2,085
Before 1980	680	345	335
1980 to 1990	210	65	140
1991 to 2000	250	135	115
2001 to 2010	1,605	810	790
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,430	725	700
2011 to 2015	600	305	295
2016 to 2021	830	425	410
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240	145	95
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,170	2,085	2,085
Under 5 years	575	315	265
5 to 14 years	1,220	630	595
15 to 24 years	715	360	350
25 to 44 years	1,365	645	720
45 years and over	300	140	160
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,170	2,085	2,085
Americas	2,005	925	1,075
Brazil	15	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	1,595	745	850
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	80	30	55
Other places of birth in Americas	305	140	165
Europe	940	505	440
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	540	320	220
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	220	95	130
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	80	45	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	0	25
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	30
Africa	175	105	70
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	70	55	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	15
Asia	1,045	545	500
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	10	15
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	225	145	85
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	185	105	85
Pakistan	35	20	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	480	235	245
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	830	425	405
Americas	190	85	110
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	105	45	65
United States of America	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	35
Europe	135	75	60
France	0	0	0
Germany	60	40	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	15
Ukraine	25	15	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	10
Africa	75	40	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	40	30	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	425	225	200
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	95	60	40
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20
Lebanon	20	10	15
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	130	95	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	45	55
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,070	7,480	7,595
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,045	2,580	2,460
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,610	1,885	1,725
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,415	3,010	3,405
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,495	1,745	1,750
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,100	1,095	1,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	620	470	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,475	625	850
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	960	435	525
Refugees¹⁰⁸	240	120	125
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	190	95	100
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,495	1,745	1,750
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	20	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	400	235	165
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	110	65	40
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	45	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	30	60
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,760	1,350	1,410
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,075	7,480	7,595
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,310	730	575
South Asian	365	190	170
Chinese	20	10	15
Black	185	110	70
Filipino	360	240	120
Arab	95	45	50
Latin American	165	85	85
Southeast Asian	10	0	0
West Asian	40	10	30
Korean	65	35	35
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,755	6,745	7,015
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,070	7,480	7,590
Canadian	2,190	1,030	1,160
English	570	275	295
Irish	415	220	190
Scottish	545	260	290
French, n.o.s.¹²²	305	140	165
German	3,405	1,710	1,700
Chinese	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	0
Indian (India)	200	100	95
Ukrainian	685	325	360
Dutch	795	340	455
Polish	235	125	110
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	115	55	60
Filipino	340	225	110
French Canadian	50	25	25
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	375	185	190
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	80	40	40
Métis	240	90	150
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	325	175	145
Russian	2,965	1,470	1,495
Norwegian	40	25	20
Welsh	25	10	15
Portuguese	15	0	15
American	90	35	60
Spanish	55	35	20
Swedish	30	0	20
Hungarian	10	0	10
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	30	20	20
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	30	0
Jewish	35	15	20
Punjabi	85	55	30
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	15
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	50	40
Korean	70	35	35
Romanian	10	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	160	145
Danish	30	10	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	30	45
Sikh	25	15	10
Austrian	60	35	25
Belgian	25	10	15
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	1,340	670	670
Mennonite	4,635	2,255	2,380
Swiss	20	15	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	40	35
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	55	30	20
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	140	50	90
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	40	20	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	15	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	25	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	20	10	10
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	0
Eritrean	70	40	30
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	15	0	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	180	70	105
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	105	60	50
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,070	7,480	7,595
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	12,920	6,380	6,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,915	3,980	3,940
Anabaptist	2,615	1,205	1,410
Anglican	50	30	15
Baptist	505	245	250
Catholic	505	315	195
Christian Orthodox	80	30	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	120	45	80
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	190	90	95
Presbyterian	40	15	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	65	30	35
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	815	390	420
Hindu	55	35	25
Jewish	25	10	10
Muslim	160	70	90
Sikh	180	115	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	40	20	15
No religion and secular perspectives	1,680	850	835
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	14,760	7,305	7,455
Non-movers	12,340	6,115	6,225
Movers	2,420	1,190	1,230
Non-migrants	1,570	775	795
Migrants	850	410	440
Internal migrants	665	320	340
Intraprovincial migrants	550	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	115	55	60
External migrants	185	95	95
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	13,850	6,870	6,980
Non-movers	6,980	3,485	3,500
Movers	6,870	3,385	3,485
Non-migrants	2,690	1,260	1,425
Migrants	4,180	2,125	2,055
Internal migrants	3,190	1,560	1,630
Intraprovincial migrants	2,785	1,370	1,415
Interprovincial migrants	405	190	215
External migrants	985	565	425
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,505	5,665	5,840
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,410	2,310	2,105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,095	3,360	3,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,125	3,525	3,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,180	1,200	985
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,935	2,325	2,610
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,505	5,665	5,840
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,185	2,180	2,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,660	1,760	1,900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,655	1,725	1,930
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,335	1,115	1,220
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	645	390	255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	375	190	185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	270	205	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,405	570	840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	290	160	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,320	605	715
Bachelor's degree	930	410	520
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	50	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	15	35
Master's degree	200	110	90
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,120	3,530	3,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,040	1,115	925
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,290	1,130	1,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,790	1,280	1,510
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,700	815	890
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	480	285	190
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	120	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	220	165	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,065	435	630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	95	70
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,085	465	620
Bachelor's degree	780	335	445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	75	20	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	10	30
Master's degree	175	85	85
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,510	5,665	5,840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,845	3,940	3,905
Education	475	140	335
13. Education	475	140	335
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30
Humanities	315	170	145
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	75
54. History	30	10	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	235	50	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	0	70
22. Legal professions and studies	30	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25
42. Psychology	30	10	25
45. Social sciences	40	15	25
Business, management and public administration	630	295	335
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	10	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	590	285	300
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	45	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	20	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	125	90	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	80	25
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	650	585	65
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	100	75	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	115	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	135	125	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150	150	0
48. Precision production	115	115	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	110	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	95	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	15	0
Health and related fields	725	130	595
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	20	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	660	110	550
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	230	95	140
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	175	40	135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	35	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,120	3,525	3,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,335	2,250	2,085
Education	325	85	245
13. Education	325	85	245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	10	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	35	10	25
Humanities	220	110	105
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	65	45
54. History	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	200	35	160
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0	60
22. Legal professions and studies	30	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	20
42. Psychology	30	10	20
45. Social sciences	35	10	25
Business, management and public administration	500	220	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	465	220	245
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	30	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105	75	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	70	20
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	505	450	55
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	90	70	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	110	85	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	105	105	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110	110	0
48. Precision production	80	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	65	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	55	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	15	0
Health and related fields	545	110	440
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	20	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	500	90	410
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	195	80	115
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	150	40	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,120	3,525	3,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,335	2,250	2,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,785	1,275	1,510
Location of study inside Canada	1,985	850	1,135
Same as province or territory of residence	1,740	725	1,015
Different than province or territory of residence	240	125	115
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	805	430	375
Americas	110	80	25
United States of America	80	70	10
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	315	170	145
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	205	105	95
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	20	10
Ukraine	45	20	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	15	15
Africa	50	20	30
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	10
Asia	335	160	175
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Philippines	105	60	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	105	50	55
Pakistan	30	10	15
Other locations of study in Asia	75	30	40
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	11,505	5,665	5,840
In the labour force	7,495	4,275	3,225
Employed	7,160	4,130	3,030
Unemployed	335	145	190
Not in the labour force	4,010	1,395	2,615
Participation rate	65.1	75.5	55.2
Employment rate	62.2	72.9	51.9
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.4	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	11,510	5,665	5,840
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,930	1,435	2,495
Worked	7,580	4,230	3,345
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,255	2,850	1,405
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,320	1,380	1,940
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	44.6	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,490	4,270	3,225
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	50	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,395	4,220	3,175
Employee	6,395	3,600	2,795
Permanent position	5,560	3,150	2,410
Temporary position	835	445	390
Fixed term (1 year or more)	335	185	150
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	500	260	235
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,000	620	380
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,490	4,270	3,225
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	50	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,395	4,220	3,175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	60	40	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	985	375	610
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	255	230	30
3 Health occupations	530	105	420
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	650	190	455
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120	55	70
6 Sales and service occupations	1,820	625	1,195
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,775	1,680	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	240	215	30
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	955	710	245
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,490	4,270	3,225
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	100	50	55
All industries¹⁹¹	7,395	4,220	3,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	460	320	140
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0
22 Utilities	15	10	0
23 Construction	645	565	80
31-33 Manufacturing	1,570	1,255	320
41 Wholesale trade	220	155	65
44-45 Retail trade	845	405	440
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	445	390	55
51 Information and cultural industries	95	50	45
52 Finance and insurance	140	60	80
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	30	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	225	125	100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	240	115	120
61 Educational services	470	115	350
62 Health care and social assistance	950	165	780
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	40	50
72 Accommodation and food services	445	125	315
81 Other services (except public administration)	345	215	130
91 Public administration	120	65	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,185	4,560	3,630
English	7,370	4,080	3,290
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	105	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	105	55	50
English and French	35	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	655	400	255
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,185	4,560	3,630
Single responses	8,080	4,485	3,595
Official languages	7,870	4,360	3,515
English	7,870	4,360	3,515
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	210	130	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	130	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	200	125	75
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	105	60
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	100	55	40
German	100	55	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	45	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	60	45	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	75	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	75	60	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,185	4,560	3,630
None	7,560	4,195	3,370
English	110	75	25
French	25	10	15
Non-official language	415	235	175
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	415	235	175
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,160	4,125	3,030
Worked at home	390	190	205
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0
No fixed workplace address	980	775	205
Usual place of work	5,760	3,140	2,620
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,760	3,140	2,620
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,150	2,290	1,860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,385	745	650
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	210	105	105
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,740	3,910	2,825
Car, truck or van	6,325	3,675	2,650
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,840	3,510	2,330
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	485	165	325
Public transit	15	0	15
Walked	195	80	115
Bicycle	145	120	20
Other method	60	35	25
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,740	3,910	2,825
Less than 15 minutes	5,180	2,950	2,230
15 to 29 minutes	1,135	660	470
30 to 44 minutes	240	170	70
45 to 59 minutes	70	55	15
60 minutes and over	110	80	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,740	3,910	2,825
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	410	285	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,575	1,130	445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,755	1,175	580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,540	665	880
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	545	205	340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	910	450	460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,345	2,195	2,150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	60	55
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,225	2,135	2,095
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,970	1,490	1,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	40	40
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	15	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,885	1,445	1,440

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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