Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton EastMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,210	60,030	59,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,025	11,035	9,990	17.6	18.4	16.9
0 to 4 years	5,615	2,940	2,680	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,880	3,655	3,225	5.8	6.1	5.4
10 to 14 years	8,530	4,440	4,090	7.2	7.4	6.9
15 to 64 years	84,045	42,270	41,775	70.5	70.4	70.6
15 to 19 years	8,990	4,765	4,215	7.5	7.9	7.1
20 to 24 years	10,805	5,845	4,960	9.1	9.7	8.4
25 to 29 years	9,775	5,155	4,620	8.2	8.6	7.8
30 to 34 years	8,115	4,050	4,065	6.8	6.7	6.9
35 to 39 years	7,860	3,670	4,190	6.6	6.1	7.1
40 to 44 years	8,565	3,880	4,690	7.2	6.5	7.9
45 to 49 years	8,860	4,255	4,600	7.4	7.1	7.8
50 to 54 years	8,100	4,110	3,980	6.8	6.8	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,155	3,605	3,555	6.0	6.0	6.0
60 to 64 years	5,815	2,935	2,885	4.9	4.9	4.9
65 years and over	14,135	6,725	7,420	11.9	11.2	12.5
65 to 69 years	4,720	2,280	2,445	4.0	3.8	4.1
70 to 74 years	4,075	1,985	2,090	3.4	3.3	3.5
75 to 79 years	2,605	1,240	1,370	2.2	2.1	2.3
80 to 84 years	1,605	755	855	1.3	1.3	1.4
85 years and over	1,130	470	655	0.9	0.8	1.1
85 to 89 years	770	330	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
90 to 94 years	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.4	16.9	17.6	18.4	16.9
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.4	70.6	70.5	70.4	70.6
65 years and over	11.9	11.2	12.5	11.9	11.2	12.5
85 years and over	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1
Average age of the population	37.2	36.4	38.0	37.2	36.4	38.0
Median age of the population	35.6	34.0	37.2	35.6	34.0	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,795	...	...	68.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,365	...	...	15.9	...	...
Row house	1,955	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	515	...	...	1.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,345	...	...	4.9	...	...
2 persons	3,325	...	...	12.1	...	...
3 persons	4,320	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	7,345	...	...	26.7	...	...
5 or more persons	11,155	...	...	40.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,745	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,180	48,995	49,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,415	29,170	29,250	59.5	59.5	59.5
Married	56,855	28,385	28,465	57.9	57.9	57.9
Living common-law	1,565	780	780	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living common law - Never married	1,070	530	540	1.1	1.1	1.1
Living common law - Separated	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	365	190	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Widowed	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not married and not living common-law	39,765	19,825	19,940	40.5	40.5	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,875	17,635	14,240	32.5	36.0	28.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,570	600	975	1.6	1.2	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,190	815	1,375	2.2	1.7	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,130	780	3,355	4.2	1.6	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,830	...	...	30.9	...	...
3 persons	6,915	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	10,540	...	...	33.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,545	...	...	14.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,810	...	...	87.4	...	...
Married couples	27,030	...	...	84.9	...	...
With children⁶	19,510	...	...	61.3	...	...
Without children	7,520	...	...	23.6	...	...
Common-law couples	780	...	...	2.5	...	...
With children⁶	490	...	...	1.5	...	...
Without children	285	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,015	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,205	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	805	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,740	59,785	58,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	106,560	53,885	52,675	89.7	90.1	89.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,625	27,815	27,810	46.8	46.5	47.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,015	805	3,210	3.4	1.3	5.4
Children⁶	46,915	25,260	21,655	39.5	42.3	36.7
In a two-parent family	39,955	21,515	18,440	33.6	36.0	31.3
In a one-parent family	6,965	3,745	3,220	5.9	6.3	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,180	5,900	6,280	10.3	9.9	10.7
Living alone	1,345	700	645	1.1	1.2	1.1
Living with other relatives⁷	6,515	2,465	4,050	5.5	4.1	6.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,325	2,735	1,585	3.6	4.6	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,100	...	...	54.9	...	...
Couple-family households	13,415	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,120	...	...	40.5	...	...
Without children	2,295	...	...	8.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,680	...	...	6.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	7,025	...	...	25.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,170	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,995	...	...	7.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	850	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	1,345	...	...	4.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,720	48,755	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,490	45,565	45,925	93.6	93.5	93.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,200	31,800	33,200	35,200	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,590	45,625	45,970	93.7	93.6	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	32,800	30,000	31,200	32,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,475	40,060	37,415	79.3	82.2	76.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	33,200	24,800	29,200	33,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,225	36,265	32,970	70.8	74.4	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,800	28,000	30,200	32,800	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,885	41,985	42,900	86.9	86.1	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,880	9,700	7,600	5,880	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,875	3,320	5,550	9.1	6.8	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,780	19,725	19,055	39.7	40.5	38.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,395	45,510	45,885	93.5	93.4	93.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	48,360	40,360	44,360	48,360	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,460	45,560	45,895	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040	40,720	35,360	38,040	40,720	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,440	40,110	37,330	79.2	82.3	76.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,240	45,920	36,240	41,240	45,920	36,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,225	36,355	32,875	70.8	74.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,960	45,800	37,720	41,960	45,800	37,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,770	41,805	42,960	86.7	85.8	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,120	8,570	11,630	10,120	8,570	11,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,780	3,355	5,425	9.0	6.9	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,885	6,800	6,450	5,885	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,580	19,635	18,945	39.5	40.3	38.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,280	9,210	9,360	9,280	9,210	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,385	17,190	13,190	31.1	35.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	57,200	52,800	54,800	57,200	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	68,000	61,200	65,000	68,000	61,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,725	13,345	13,375	27.3	27.4	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,600	18,000	20,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	28,280	23,900	26,080	28,280	23,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.8	73.0	78.8	83.8	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.6	75.6	67.0	71.6	75.6	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.3	27.0	21.2	16.3	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	8.8	10.9	9.7	8.8	10.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	8.2	9.6	8.8	8.2	9.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,720	48,755	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	6,230	3,195	3,035	6.4	6.6	6.2
With total income	91,490	45,565	45,925	93.6	93.4	93.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,250	4,535	5,705	11.2	10.0	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	14,370	6,860	7,510	15.7	15.1	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,605	8,070	8,535	18.1	17.7	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,385	5,830	6,555	13.5	12.8	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,595	4,480	5,110	10.5	9.8	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,195	3,430	3,760	7.9	7.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,140	2,585	2,555	5.6	5.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,155	1,705	4.2	4.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	1,795	1,180	3.3	3.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,280	1,385	890	2.5	3.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,835	4,420	2,415	7.5	9.7	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,085	3,140	1,945	5.6	6.9	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,755	1,280	470	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,720	48,755	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	6,130	3,130	2,995	6.3	6.4	6.1
With after-tax income	91,590	45,625	45,970	93.7	93.6	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,500	4,680	5,820	11.5	10.3	12.7
$10,000 to $19,999	14,920	7,185	7,735	16.3	15.8	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	18,515	9,000	9,515	20.2	19.7	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,090	6,585	7,505	15.4	14.4	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,640	5,125	5,515	11.6	11.2	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,245	3,610	3,630	7.9	7.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,985	2,755	2,230	5.4	6.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,445	2,120	1,325	3.8	4.6	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	1,495	1,165	2.9	3.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	965	630	1.7	2.1	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,995	2,090	905	3.3	4.6	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,755	1,185	570	1.9	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,235	905	335	1.3	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,720	48,755	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,495	12,495	15,995	29.2	25.6	32.7
With employment income	69,225	36,265	32,970	70.8	74.4	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,095	4,400	4,695	13.1	12.1	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	7,135	3,230	3,900	10.3	8.9	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,725	4,755	4,975	14.0	13.1	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,100	4,505	3,600	11.7	12.4	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,185	3,480	3,700	10.4	9.6	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,185	3,055	3,130	8.9	8.4	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,840	2,465	2,375	7.0	6.8	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,920	2,065	1,855	5.7	5.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,075	1,840	1,240	4.4	5.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,415	1,525	890	3.5	4.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,200	785	2.9	3.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,565	3,740	1,825	8.0	10.3	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,005	1,880	1,125	4.3	5.2	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,555	1,860	695	3.7	5.1	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,720	48,755	48,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,430	43,920	44,515	90.5	90.1	90.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	33,200	27,800	30,400	33,200	27,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,440	43,920	44,520	90.5	90.1	90.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	31,000	26,600	28,600	31,000	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,000	39,275	36,725	77.8	80.6	75.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	28,600	31,600	35,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,765	35,980	32,785	70.4	73.8	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,800	30,400	32,400	34,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,870	38,930	39,940	80.7	79.8	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,280	820	3,240	1,280	820	3,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,365	1,710	3,655	5.5	3.5	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,320	6,160	5,880	5,320	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,425	43,835	44,595	90.5	89.9	91.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	45,600	36,760	41,160	45,600	36,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,435	43,840	44,600	90.5	90.0	91.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,360	38,480	32,320	35,360	38,480	32,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,920	39,115	36,810	77.7	80.3	75.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	47,400	36,800	42,240	47,400	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,910	35,990	32,920	70.5	73.8	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	46,600	37,640	42,320	46,600	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,690	38,660	40,035	80.5	79.3	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	3,776	7,130	5,480	3,776	7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,315	1,835	3,480	5.4	3.8	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,550	8,250	7,660	6,550	8,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,920	16,915	13,000	30.6	34.7	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	55,200	48,400	51,600	55,200	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,250	65,300	56,000	61,250	65,300	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,135	12,615	12,525	25.7	25.9	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,200	21,800	23,400	24,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	32,720	28,400	30,600	32,720	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	92.6	82.6	88.2	92.6	82.6
Employment income (%)	80.2	84.0	75.6	80.2	84.0	75.6
Government transfers (%)	11.9	7.3	17.4	11.9	7.3	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.8	1.1	0.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	147,400	...	...	147,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,700	...	...	58,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,000	...	...	49,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	305	...	...	1.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	380	...	...	1.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	420	...	...	1.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	...	...	3.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	...	...	4.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,565	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,620	...	...	67.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,960	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,655	...	...	13.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,515	...	...	20.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,495	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	240	...	...	0.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	295	...	...	1.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	355	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	445	...	...	1.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	510	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	...	...	4.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,750	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,785	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,800	...	...	61.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,675	...	...	17.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,000	...	...	14.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,125	...	...	29.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,670	3,435	2,230	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,000	28,800	28,200	28,000	28,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	26,600	27,600	27,200	26,600	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,600	...	...	146,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,700	...	...	125,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...	157,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,560	3,310	2,250	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	35,840	33,720	35,000	35,840	33,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,720	31,280	29,920	30,720	31,280	29,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,425	13,875	12,545	22.3	23.2	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,825	3,580	3,245	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	78,320	39,240	39,085	66.0	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	13,995	6,670	7,325	11.8	11.2	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,235	2,660	2,575	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,605	815	790	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	220	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,010	1,550	1,460	...	...	...
65 years and over	625	295	330	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.1	7.0	6.5	6.1	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.7
65 years and over (%)	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,745	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,425	13,875	12,545	22.3	23.2	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,825	3,580	3,245	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	78,320	39,240	39,085	66.0	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	13,995	6,670	7,325	11.8	11.2	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,340	2,440	1,900	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	735	360	370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	95	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,330	1,945	1,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	130	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.1	3.2	3.7	4.1	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.6	3.5	3.0	2.6	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	5.0	3.6	4.3	5.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,465	25,585	24,880	42.5	42.8	42.2
In bottom decile	6,195	3,380	2,815	5.2	5.7	4.8
In second decile	8,315	4,180	4,135	7.0	7.0	7.0
In third decile	10,885	5,475	5,410	9.2	9.2	9.2
In fourth decile	11,915	5,945	5,970	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	13,150	6,600	6,545	11.1	11.0	11.1
In top half of the distribution	68,275	34,200	34,075	57.5	57.2	57.8
In sixth decile	13,955	6,945	7,015	11.8	11.6	11.9
In seventh decile	14,545	7,270	7,275	12.2	12.2	12.3
In eighth decile	14,955	7,430	7,530	12.6	12.4	12.8
In ninth decile	14,175	7,135	7,045	11.9	11.9	11.9
In top decile	10,645	5,425	5,220	9.0	9.1	8.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,740	...	...	118,740	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.378	...	...	0.378	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.237	...	...	0.237	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,325	54,505	50,820	88.7	91.1	86.2
French only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,750	2,075	2,675	4.0	3.5	4.5
Neither English nor French	8,665	3,210	5,460	7.3	5.4	9.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,900	56,020	52,880	91.7	93.7	89.7
French	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	945	440	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Neither English nor French	8,595	3,175	5,415	7.2	5.3	9.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,900	54,270	53,630	90.8	90.7	90.9
Official languages	37,465	19,070	18,400	31.5	31.9	31.2
English	37,230	18,950	18,280	31.3	31.7	31.0
French	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	70,435	35,200	35,235	59.3	58.8	59.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70,435	35,200	35,235	59.3	58.8	59.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,665	1,290	1,375	2.2	2.2	2.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	305	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,300	1,115	1,185	1.9	1.9	2.0
Amharic	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	590	270	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Aramaic languages	1,625	805	820	1.4	1.3	1.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,225	600	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	725	350	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	665	315	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	740	315	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	610	265	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,150	2,505	2,640	4.3	4.2	4.5
Kannada	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	485	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	4,330	2,095	2,230	3.6	3.5	3.8
Telugu	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	59,125	29,770	29,350	49.8	49.8	49.8
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55,865	28,215	27,650	47.0	47.2	46.9
Indo-Aryan languages	54,950	27,760	27,190	46.3	46.4	46.1
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	6,650	3,300	3,350	5.6	5.5	5.7
Hindi	3,635	1,795	1,840	3.1	3.0	3.1
Kacchi	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	41,320	21,020	20,300	34.8	35.1	34.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,540	1,260	1,280	2.1	2.1	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	915	455	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	780	390	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,665	1,275	1,390	2.2	2.1	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,210	590	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	980	450	525	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,060	520	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	720	360	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	635	300	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	630	295	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,890	5,545	5,345	9.2	9.3	9.1
English and French	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	9,785	5,055	4,735	8.2	8.5	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	725	340	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,305	17,905	17,400	29.7	29.9	29.5
French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	26,685	12,950	13,730	22.5	21.7	23.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	26,685	12,950	13,730	22.5	21.7	23.3
English and French	460	190	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	52,395	26,935	25,460	44.1	45.0	43.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,280	590	690	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	2,540	1,185	1,355	2.1	2.0	2.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,540	52,090	51,445	87.2	87.1	87.2
Official languages	51,670	26,170	25,505	43.5	43.8	43.2
English	51,475	26,080	25,400	43.3	43.6	43.1
French	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	51,865	25,925	25,945	43.7	43.3	44.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,865	25,925	25,945	43.7	43.3	44.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,715	830	885	1.4	1.4	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,505	730	770	1.3	1.2	1.3
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	1,175	585	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	885	430	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	495	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	470	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	395	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,790	1,820	1,970	3.2	3.0	3.3
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	3,295	1,570	1,730	2.8	2.6	2.9
Telugu	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	44,295	22,290	22,000	37.3	37.3	37.3
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,005	21,690	21,315	36.2	36.3	36.1
Indo-Aryan languages	42,420	21,415	21,000	35.7	35.8	35.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	4,975	2,445	2,530	4.2	4.1	4.3
Hindi	2,465	1,245	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.1
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	32,700	16,615	16,085	27.5	27.8	27.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,760	860	900	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	590	275	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	520	245	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dari	390	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	470	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	330	145	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	540	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	520	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	445	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	15,255	7,730	7,530	12.8	12.9	12.8
English and French	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	14,715	7,485	7,230	12.4	12.5	12.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,790	59,815	58,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,880	36,900	36,980	62.2	61.7	62.7
English	18,435	9,625	8,810	15.5	16.1	14.9
French	650	285	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	18,460	9,290	9,170	15.5	15.5	15.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	18,460	9,290	9,170	15.5	15.5	15.5
English and French	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,305	2,205	2,100	3.6	3.7	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	515	230	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,315	1,170	1,145	1.9	2.0	1.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	109,955	56,490	53,465	92.6	94.5	90.7
English	109,880	56,445	53,435	92.5	94.4	90.6
French	4,870	2,050	2,820	4.1	3.4	4.8
Non-official languages	90,520	45,535	44,980	76.2	76.2	76.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90,515	45,535	44,980	76.2	76.2	76.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,840	1,920	1,925	3.2	3.2	3.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	700	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	610	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,185	1,605	1,575	2.7	2.7	2.7
Amharic	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	1,905	925	985	1.6	1.5	1.7
Aramaic languages	2,210	1,135	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.8
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,570	790	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	605	330	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	955	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	930	455	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,095	440	660	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	980	395	590	0.8	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	7,045	3,435	3,615	5.9	5.7	6.1
Kannada	200	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Malayalam	660	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	5,925	2,890	3,035	5.0	4.8	5.1
Telugu	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75,315	38,225	37,095	63.4	63.9	62.9
Albanian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	535	255	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	535	255	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	70,720	36,010	34,710	59.6	60.2	58.9
Indo-Aryan languages	69,820	35,545	34,275	58.8	59.5	58.1
Assamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	575	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	8,900	4,495	4,410	7.5	7.5	7.5
Hindi	24,070	12,070	12,000	20.3	20.2	20.4
Kacchi	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	405	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nepali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	53,575	27,395	26,180	45.1	45.8	44.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	310	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Urdu	5,405	2,825	2,575	4.6	4.7	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	110	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,085	570	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	865	450	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
Dari	735	375	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,950	1,900	2,045	3.3	3.2	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,980	940	1,035	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portuguese	565	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,555	750	805	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,140	1,080	1,065	1.8	1.8	1.8
Akan (Twi)	1,275	645	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ganda	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	390	210	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	785	360	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	775	355	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	485	195	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	118,715	59,775	58,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	118,730	59,775	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,345	...	...	88.6	...	...
Renter	3,135	...	...	11.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,845	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not condominium	25,645	...	...	93.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	935	...	...	3.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,745	...	...	6.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,270	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,400	...	...	70.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,850	...	...	14.0	...	...
5 rooms	3,745	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,405	...	...	16.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,200	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,290	...	...	41.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,760	...	...	90.1	...	...
More than one person per room	2,720	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,625	...	...	86.0	...	...
Not suitable	3,855	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	325	...	...	1.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...	2.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,595	...	...	9.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,860	...	...	28.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,900	...	...	28.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,420	...	...	19.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,690	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,960	...	...	98.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	520	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,510	...	...	27.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,175	...	...	51.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,795	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	375	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,310	...	...	8.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,025	...	...	21.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,475	...	...	30.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,265	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,930	...	...	10.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	895	...	...	3.3	...	...
85 years and over	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,345	...	...	66.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,105	...	...	33.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,645	...	...	31.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,395	...	...	45.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,125	...	...	29.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,940	...	...	10.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	275	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	805	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,085	...	...	54.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,635	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	24,355	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	82.6	...	...	82.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.4	...	...	32.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,660	...	...	2,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,692	...	...	2,692	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,208,000	...	...	1,208,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,140	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.4	...	...	39.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,890	...	...	1,890	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,665	59,755	58,910	99.9	99.9	99.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,355	48,805	47,550	81.1	81.6	80.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,030	13,300	11,730	21.1	22.2	19.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,325	35,505	35,825	60.1	59.4	60.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,385	10,980	11,405	18.9	18.4	19.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,895	23,525	21,375	37.8	39.3	36.3
Immigrants⁸¹	68,325	33,045	35,280	57.5	55.3	59.8
Before 1980	5,140	2,415	2,725	4.3	4.0	4.6
1980 to 1990	8,390	4,160	4,230	7.1	7.0	7.2
1991 to 2000	19,520	9,470	10,050	16.4	15.8	17.0
2001 to 2010	21,340	10,350	10,985	18.0	17.3	18.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,945	6,650	7,295	11.7	11.1	12.4
2011 to 2015	7,130	3,275	3,850	6.0	5.5	6.5
2016 to 2021	6,815	3,375	3,440	5.7	5.6	5.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,520	3,220	2,305	4.6	5.4	3.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	68,325	33,045	35,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,000	2,050	1,945	5.9	6.2	5.5
5 to 14 years	8,425	4,245	4,180	12.3	12.8	11.8
15 to 24 years	18,065	7,575	10,495	26.4	22.9	29.7
25 to 44 years	27,900	14,760	13,140	40.8	44.7	37.2
45 years and over	9,935	4,410	5,525	14.5	13.3	15.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	68,325	33,045	35,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,355	3,620	4,735	12.2	11.0	13.4
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
El Salvador	155	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyana	3,150	1,370	1,770	4.6	4.1	5.0
Haiti	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	2,630	1,055	1,575	3.8	3.2	4.5
Mexico	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	865	405	460	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	455	200	255	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	890	420	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
Europe	2,620	1,250	1,375	3.8	3.8	3.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatia	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greece	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	900	465	435	1.3	1.4	1.2
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Poland	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portugal	290	150	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romania	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	670	305	365	1.0	0.9	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	220	85	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	3,080	1,485	1,595	4.5	4.5	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	190	105	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Morocco	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	775	390	375	1.1	1.2	1.1
Somalia	280	110	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,650	785	865	2.4	2.4	2.5
Asia	54,095	26,620	27,475	79.2	80.6	77.9
Afghanistan	740	375	370	1.1	1.1	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	1,780	915	875	2.6	2.8	2.5
Lebanon	100	50	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	305	130	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Philippines	965	385	580	1.4	1.2	1.6
Viet Nam	755	345	410	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bangladesh	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	41,920	20,755	21,165	61.4	62.8	60.0
Pakistan	2,375	1,190	1,185	3.5	3.6	3.4
Sri Lanka	3,725	1,815	1,910	5.5	5.5	5.4
Other places of birth in Asia	790	350	440	1.2	1.1	1.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,810	3,375	3,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	185	200	5.7	5.5	5.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	175	80	95	2.6	2.4	2.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	70	30	40	1.0	0.9	1.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	125	65	65	1.8	1.9	1.9
Europe	80	35	45	1.2	1.0	1.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	250	125	125	3.7	3.7	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	135	70	65	2.0	2.1	1.9
Somalia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.9
Asia	6,085	3,020	3,065	89.4	89.5	89.1
Afghanistan	35	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	5,195	2,640	2,555	76.3	78.2	74.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	145	70	75	2.1	2.1	2.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	305	120	185	4.5	3.6	5.4
Philippines	105	50	60	1.5	1.5	1.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	150	60	90	2.2	1.8	2.6
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	25	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	74,450	36,580	37,870	62.7	61.2	64.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	40,305	21,175	19,130	33.9	35.4	32.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	3,980	2,025	1,950	3.4	3.4	3.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	63,185	30,630	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20,250	11,065	9,190	32.0	36.1	28.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,205	6,655	2,550	14.6	21.7	7.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	11,045	4,415	6,635	17.5	14.4	20.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	34,310	14,675	19,635	54.3	47.9	60.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,930	4,505	3,420	12.6	14.7	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	700	390	310	1.1	1.3	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	63,185	30,630	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,190	2,630	1,565	6.6	8.6	4.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,700	2,265	1,435	5.9	7.4	4.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	465	230	230	0.7	0.8	0.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,395	1,470	925	3.8	4.8	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	52,180	23,900	28,275	82.6	78.0	86.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	110,655	55,725	54,930	93.2	93.2	93.2
South Asian	83,325	42,485	40,830	70.2	71.1	69.3
Chinese	860	435	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black	11,895	5,705	6,190	10.0	9.5	10.5
Filipino	1,505	645	860	1.3	1.1	1.5
Arab	1,365	660	705	1.1	1.1	1.2
Latin American	1,480	700	785	1.2	1.2	1.3
Southeast Asian	1,550	775	775	1.3	1.3	1.3
West Asian	2,380	1,255	1,125	2.0	2.1	1.9
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	4,560	2,215	2,350	3.8	3.7	4.0
Multiple visible minorities	1,725	850	880	1.5	1.4	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,085	4,065	4,025	6.8	6.8	6.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,770	2,465	2,300	4.0	4.1	3.9
English	825	395	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Irish	615	280	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Scottish	680	365	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	325	140	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	460	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	1,235	635	600	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italian	3,445	1,700	1,750	2.9	2.8	3.0
Indian (India)	42,545	21,535	21,010	35.8	36.0	35.6
Ukrainian	260	95	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Québécois	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Filipino	1,505	660	850	1.3	1.1	1.4
French Canadian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	310	180	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,215	635	575	1.0	1.1	1.0
American	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	575	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	3,170	1,595	1,575	2.7	2.7	2.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,930	970	955	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jewish	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	16,195	8,150	8,045	13.6	13.6	13.6
Vietnamese	1,065	555	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	190	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	3,430	1,560	1,870	2.9	2.6	3.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,575	795	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	470	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	13,900	7,190	6,715	11.7	12.0	11.4
Austrian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	7,005	3,645	3,360	5.9	6.1	5.7
Mexican	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	3,175	1,595	1,580	2.7	2.7	2.7
Croatian	105	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,490	1,705	1,785	2.9	2.9	3.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	535	280	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	295	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	3,255	1,645	1,610	2.7	2.8	2.7
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	2,910	1,350	1,560	2.5	2.3	2.6
Afghan	1,060	560	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	705	365	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	155	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	75	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	835	425	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkish	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	505	270	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Armenian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	710	350	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	1,285	640	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Salvadorean	240	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	610	235	375	0.5	0.4	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	475	235	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	370	220	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	815	380	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,225	520	705	1.0	0.9	1.2
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	105	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,935	1,005	925	1.6	1.7	1.6
Eritrean	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Canadian	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,150	585	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Barbadian	220	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
African American	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	250	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	1,720	880	840	1.4	1.5	1.4
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	850	455	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Igbo	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chaldean	490	255	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sinhalese	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	480	215	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ugandan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tanzanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,740	59,785	58,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	890	415	475	0.7	0.7	0.8
Christian	26,430	12,635	13,795	22.3	21.1	23.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,580	4,015	4,570	7.2	6.7	7.8
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	475	195	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Baptist	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	12,250	6,050	6,200	10.3	10.1	10.5
Christian Orthodox	695	345	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	195	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,275	1,065	1,205	1.9	1.8	2.0
Presbyterian	375	155	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	850	390	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hindu	28,525	14,435	14,090	24.0	24.1	23.9
Jewish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	8,720	4,355	4,365	7.3	7.3	7.4
Sikh	47,945	24,535	23,410	40.4	41.0	39.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	530	270	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	5,660	3,110	2,545	4.8	5.2	4.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,745	59,230	58,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,565	53,895	53,675	91.4	91.0	91.7
Movers	10,175	5,345	4,835	8.6	9.0	8.3
Non-migrants	6,485	3,425	3,055	5.5	5.8	5.2
Migrants	3,695	1,920	1,775	3.1	3.2	3.0
Internal migrants	2,305	1,200	1,100	2.0	2.0	1.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,010	1,055	960	1.7	1.8	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	1,390	715	675	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,100	56,840	56,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	74,880	37,370	37,510	66.2	65.7	66.7
Movers	38,220	19,465	18,755	33.8	34.2	33.3
Non-migrants	18,325	9,375	8,960	16.2	16.5	15.9
Migrants	19,895	10,095	9,795	17.6	17.8	17.4
Internal migrants	11,100	5,540	5,565	9.8	9.7	9.9
Intraprovincial migrants	9,985	4,980	5,010	8.8	8.8	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,110	555	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	8,790	4,560	4,235	7.8	8.0	7.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,720	48,740	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,200	9,555	10,645	20.7	19.6	21.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,515	39,180	38,335	79.3	80.4	78.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,980	31,370	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,670	4,330	4,340	13.6	13.8	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,310	27,040	28,275	86.4	86.2	86.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,500	9,155	10,345	20.0	18.8	21.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,770	14,660	13,105	28.4	30.1	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,450	24,920	25,525	51.6	51.1	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,815	10,865	9,945	21.3	22.3	20.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,945	1,890	1,050	3.0	3.9	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,735	1,100	635	1.8	2.3	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205	790	415	1.2	1.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,865	7,335	7,530	15.2	15.1	15.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,010	1,640	1,370	3.1	3.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,635	14,055	15,580	30.3	28.8	31.8
Bachelor's degree	19,785	9,440	10,350	20.2	19.4	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,815	845	970	1.9	1.7	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850	420	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	6,735	3,130	3,600	6.9	6.4	7.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,980	31,370	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,180	4,045	4,135	12.8	12.9	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,645	8,090	7,560	24.5	25.8	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,155	19,235	20,920	62.8	61.3	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,885	8,010	7,875	24.8	25.5	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,230	1,385	840	3.5	4.4	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,320	815	505	2.1	2.6	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	915	570	340	1.4	1.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,395	5,445	5,945	17.8	17.4	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,265	1,175	1,085	3.5	3.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,270	11,220	13,045	37.9	35.8	40.0
Bachelor's degree	15,530	7,305	8,225	24.3	23.3	25.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,510	685	830	2.4	2.2	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	770	375	395	1.2	1.2	1.2
Master's degree	6,065	2,680	3,390	9.5	8.5	10.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	180	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,275	23,820	23,455	48.4	48.9	47.9
Education	1,900	360	1,545	1.9	0.7	3.2
13. Education	1,900	360	1,545	1.9	0.7	3.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	340	445	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	735	295	440	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	4,655	1,695	2,965	4.8	3.5	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	85	285	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	520	145	375	0.5	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,230	1,245	1,985	3.3	2.6	4.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,285	1,830	3,460	5.4	3.8	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805	80	720	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,280	555	720	1.3	1.1	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	650	195	450	0.7	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	2,125	850	1,270	2.2	1.7	2.6
Business, management and public administration	13,410	6,335	7,075	13.7	13.0	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	100	445	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,840	6,230	6,615	13.1	12.8	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,480	1,525	1,950	3.6	3.1	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,120	305	820	1.1	0.6	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,375	640	730	1.4	1.3	1.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	785	515	270	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,570	2,245	1,330	3.7	4.6	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,115	2,040	1,075	3.2	4.2	2.2
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	170	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,830	7,860	970	9.0	16.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	260	170	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	3,935	3,345	590	4.0	6.9	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,110	1,860	255	2.2	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	705	690	10	0.7	1.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,275	1,255	20	1.3	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	540	535	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	295	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	245	70	0.3	0.5	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,260	1,490	4,770	6.4	3.1	9.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,785	1,220	4,565	5.9	2.5	9.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,850	950	900	1.9	1.9	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	845	145	700	0.9	0.3	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	715	535	190	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	270	10	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,980	31,365	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,830	12,135	11,695	37.2	38.7	35.9
Education	1,390	215	1,175	2.2	0.7	3.6
13. Education	1,390	215	1,175	2.2	0.7	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	555	230	325	0.9	0.7	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	530	215	320	0.8	0.7	1.0
Humanities	3,720	1,265	2,460	5.8	4.0	7.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	65	255	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	420	85	330	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,565	940	1,625	4.0	3.0	5.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	220	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,135	1,370	2,770	6.5	4.4	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	85	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	565	55	510	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,050	440	610	1.6	1.4	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	465	135	335	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,715	635	1,080	2.7	2.0	3.3
Business, management and public administration	10,760	4,885	5,875	16.8	15.6	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	85	365	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,295	4,795	5,500	16.1	15.3	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,685	1,140	1,550	4.2	3.6	4.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	820	195	625	1.3	0.6	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,080	480	600	1.7	1.5	1.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	655	415	240	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,985	1,810	1,170	4.7	5.8	3.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,595	1,670	925	4.1	5.3	2.8
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	315	115	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,000	6,200	800	10.9	19.8	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	210	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	3,195	2,700	500	5.0	8.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,470	190	2.6	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	505	490	15	0.8	1.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	990	975	15	1.5	3.1	0.0
48. Precision production	430	425	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	315	230	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	200	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,180	1,220	3,965	8.1	3.9	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,840	1,030	3,810	7.6	3.3	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,425	680	745	2.2	2.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	715	110	605	1.1	0.4	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	375	140	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	195	195	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,980	31,365	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,830	12,135	11,695	37.2	38.7	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	40,150	19,230	20,920	62.8	61.3	64.1
Location of study inside Canada	20,950	9,800	11,160	32.7	31.2	34.2
Same as province or territory of residence	20,185	9,425	10,760	31.5	30.0	33.0
Different than province or territory of residence	765	370	400	1.2	1.2	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,200	9,440	9,760	30.0	30.1	29.9
Americas	1,550	790	755	2.4	2.5	2.3
United States of America	775	395	380	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	250	105	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	480	275	205	0.8	0.9	0.6
Europe	770	455	315	1.2	1.5	1.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	285	225	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	480	240	240	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	210	110	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	215	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	16,295	7,865	8,425	25.5	25.1	25.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	235	105	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	365	130	225	0.6	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	235	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	14,345	7,025	7,325	22.4	22.4	22.5
Pakistan	665	295	360	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other locations of study in Asia	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	105	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	90	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,715	48,740	48,980	...	...	...
In the labour force	64,285	34,540	29,750	...	...	...
Employed	55,545	30,465	25,085	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,740	4,075	4,665	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,430	14,200	19,235	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.8	70.9	60.7	65.8	70.9	60.7
Employment rate	56.8	62.5	51.2	56.8	62.5	51.2
Unemployment rate	13.6	11.8	15.7	13.6	11.8	15.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,720	48,735	48,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,580	16,405	21,180	38.5	33.7	43.2
Worked	60,135	32,335	27,805	61.5	66.3	56.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,475	17,915	13,555	32.2	36.8	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,665	14,415	14,250	29.3	29.6	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.9	38.8	40.0	40.9	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,285	34,540	29,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,465	1,150	1,315	3.8	3.3	4.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,820	33,390	28,430	96.2	96.7	95.6
Employee	49,750	24,090	25,660	77.4	69.7	86.3
Permanent position	41,305	20,250	21,055	64.3	58.6	70.8
Temporary position	8,445	3,845	4,605	13.1	11.1	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,895	1,220	1,670	4.5	3.5	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,555	2,620	2,930	8.6	7.6	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,070	9,295	2,775	18.8	26.9	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,285	34,540	29,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,465	1,150	1,315	3.8	3.3	4.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,820	33,390	28,430	96.2	96.7	95.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	510	390	125	0.8	1.1	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,680	4,345	7,330	18.2	12.6	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,265	3,820	1,445	8.2	11.1	4.9
3 Health occupations	4,160	805	3,360	6.5	2.3	11.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,460	1,300	3,155	6.9	3.8	10.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	665	255	410	1.0	0.7	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,265	6,600	7,670	22.2	19.1	25.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,725	12,700	2,025	22.9	36.8	6.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	170	130	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,920	3,045	2,875	9.2	8.8	9.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,285	34,540	29,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,465	1,150	1,315	3.8	3.3	4.4
All industries¹⁹¹	61,820	33,390	28,430	96.2	96.7	95.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	180	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	3,175	2,560	615	4.9	7.4	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	8,185	4,960	3,225	12.7	14.4	10.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,270	1,235	1,030	3.5	3.6	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,120	3,400	3,715	11.1	9.8	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,195	8,335	2,860	17.4	24.1	9.6
51 Information and cultural industries	985	575	410	1.5	1.7	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,415	1,550	1,865	5.3	4.5	6.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,580	1,030	545	2.5	3.0	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,560	2,645	1,920	7.1	7.7	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	190	85	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,170	1,570	1,600	4.9	4.5	5.4
61 Educational services	2,795	735	2,060	4.3	2.1	6.9
62 Health care and social assistance	5,625	1,025	4,605	8.8	3.0	15.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	445	225	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,010	1,215	1,795	4.7	3.5	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,165	1,260	910	3.4	3.6	3.1
91 Public administration	1,595	745	855	2.5	2.2	2.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,480	36,185	31,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,765	31,245	27,520	87.1	86.3	87.9
French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,040	540	495	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,040	540	495	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	360	130	230	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	7,215	4,205	3,010	10.7	11.6	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,480	36,185	31,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,930	35,250	30,675	97.7	97.4	98.0
Official languages	63,710	33,985	29,725	94.4	93.9	95.0
English	63,610	33,955	29,655	94.3	93.8	94.7
French	105	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	2,220	1,265	950	3.3	3.5	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,220	1,265	950	3.3	3.5	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,080	1,200	880	3.1	3.3	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,035	1,165	870	3.0	3.2	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,020	1,165	860	3.0	3.2	2.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,795	1,070	725	2.7	3.0	2.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,555	930	620	2.3	2.6	2.0
English and French	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,460	905	555	2.2	2.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,480	36,185	31,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,100	32,555	28,550	90.5	90.0	91.2
English	1,045	625	420	1.5	1.7	1.3
French	215	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	3,875	2,225	1,650	5.7	6.1	5.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,875	2,225	1,650	5.7	6.1	5.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,065	590	480	1.6	1.6	1.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,545	30,460	25,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,560	5,555	6,005	20.8	18.2	23.9
Worked outside Canada	275	250	25	0.5	0.8	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,530	7,025	2,505	17.2	23.1	10.0
Usual place of work	34,185	17,630	16,555	61.5	57.9	66.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,185	17,635	16,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,565	5,470	6,095	33.8	31.0	36.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,500	4,645	3,855	24.9	26.3	23.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,090	7,495	6,600	41.2	42.5	39.9
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,710	24,655	19,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,525	23,160	16,370	90.4	93.9	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,860	21,980	13,875	82.0	89.2	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,665	1,175	2,490	8.4	4.8	13.1
Public transit	3,025	1,065	1,960	6.9	4.3	10.3
Walked	320	115	200	0.7	0.5	1.0
Bicycle	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other method	815	290	520	1.9	1.2	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,710	24,655	19,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,870	3,130	2,745	13.4	12.7	14.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,260	9,670	7,595	39.5	39.2	39.9
30 to 44 minutes	12,765	7,490	5,280	29.2	30.4	27.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,025	2,270	1,755	9.2	9.2	9.2
60 minutes and over	3,780	2,105	1,680	8.6	8.5	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,710	24,655	19,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,255	2,300	960	7.4	9.3	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,665	4,300	3,365	17.5	17.4	17.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,315	4,450	3,855	19.0	18.0	20.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,760	4,020	3,740	17.8	16.3	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,400	4,140	3,260	16.9	16.8	17.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,315	5,445	3,875	21.3	22.1	20.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,000	14,210	12,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,975	1,005	965	7.3	7.1	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,030	13,200	11,830	92.7	92.9	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,990	11,055	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,735	885	855	8.3	8.0	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,250	625	625	6.0	5.7	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	260	225	2.3	2.4	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,255	10,175	9,080	91.7	92.0	91.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 14, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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