Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton SouthMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,250	56,835	56,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,270	10,105	9,165	17.0	17.8	16.2
0 to 4 years	5,700	2,975	2,725	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	6,485	3,375	3,105	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	7,085	3,750	3,335	6.3	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	79,595	40,140	39,460	70.3	70.6	69.9
15 to 19 years	7,465	3,890	3,575	6.6	6.8	6.3
20 to 24 years	11,555	6,340	5,215	10.2	11.2	9.2
25 to 29 years	10,515	5,425	5,090	9.3	9.5	9.0
30 to 34 years	8,000	3,985	4,020	7.1	7.0	7.1
35 to 39 years	8,085	3,775	4,305	7.1	6.6	7.6
40 to 44 years	7,780	3,695	4,085	6.9	6.5	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,400	3,600	3,800	6.5	6.3	6.7
50 to 54 years	6,870	3,405	3,465	6.1	6.0	6.1
55 to 59 years	6,505	3,255	3,245	5.7	5.7	5.8
60 to 64 years	5,430	2,765	2,665	4.8	4.9	4.7
65 years and over	14,380	6,590	7,790	12.7	11.6	13.8
65 to 69 years	4,495	2,115	2,385	4.0	3.7	4.2
70 to 74 years	3,815	1,820	1,990	3.4	3.2	3.5
75 to 79 years	2,575	1,235	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
80 to 84 years	1,680	710	975	1.5	1.2	1.7
85 years and over	1,815	715	1,100	1.6	1.3	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,100	445	655	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	570	225	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.2	17.0	17.8	16.2
15 to 64 years	70.3	70.6	69.9	70.3	70.6	69.9
65 years and over	12.7	11.6	13.8	12.7	11.6	13.8
85 years and over	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Average age of the population	37.3	36.4	38.3	37.3	36.4	38.3
Median age of the population	34.8	33.2	36.4	34.8	33.2	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,850	...	...	56.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,195	...	...	7.3	...	...
Row house	3,930	...	...	13.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,785	...	...	12.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,255	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,920	...	...	6.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,055	...	...	10.2	...	...
2 persons	5,380	...	...	18.0	...	...
3 persons	5,420	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	7,430	...	...	24.8	...	...
5 or more persons	8,650	...	...	28.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,865	56,185	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,980	46,730	47,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,535	26,565	26,965	57.0	56.8	57.1
Married	51,460	25,530	25,930	54.8	54.6	54.9
Living common-law	2,070	1,035	1,035	2.2	2.2	2.2
Living common law - Never married	1,390	690	700	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Separated	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	535	270	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Widowed	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	40,450	20,165	20,285	43.0	43.2	42.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,020	17,775	14,245	34.1	38.0	30.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,655	635	1,020	1.8	1.4	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,795	1,015	1,775	3.0	2.2	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,985	740	3,245	4.2	1.6	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,950	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	7,015	...	...	24.0	...	...
4 persons	8,995	...	...	30.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,215	...	...	11.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,180	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	24,145	...	...	82.8	...	...
With children⁶	16,855	...	...	57.8	...	...
Without children	7,295	...	...	25.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,030	...	...	3.5	...	...
With children⁶	535	...	...	1.8	...	...
Without children	500	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,995	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,265	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	730	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,865	56,185	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,905	47,130	46,775	83.9	83.9	84.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,360	25,175	25,190	45.0	44.8	45.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,995	730	3,265	3.6	1.3	5.9
Children⁶	39,550	21,230	18,325	35.4	37.8	32.9
In a two-parent family	32,870	17,700	15,175	29.4	31.5	27.3
In a one-parent family	6,680	3,530	3,150	6.0	6.3	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,955	9,055	8,900	16.1	16.1	16.0
Living alone	3,055	1,335	1,720	2.7	2.4	3.1
Living with other relatives⁷	6,050	2,485	3,565	5.4	4.4	6.4
Living with non-relatives only	8,845	5,235	3,615	7.9	9.3	6.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,990	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	14,865	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,230	...	...	37.5	...	...
Without children	3,640	...	...	12.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,125	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,735	...	...	15.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	970	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,115	...	...	7.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
One-person households	3,060	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,605	46,085	46,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,760	43,145	43,615	93.7	93.6	93.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,600	32,400	34,800	37,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,820	43,180	43,640	93.8	93.7	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,400	30,400	32,400	34,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,630	38,920	36,705	81.7	84.5	78.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,600	29,600	34,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,150	34,720	31,430	71.4	75.3	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	28,000	31,600	35,600	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,975	39,500	40,475	86.4	85.7	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	4,960	9,100	6,800	4,960	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,980	2,965	5,010	8.6	6.4	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	5,880	5,680	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,075	16,890	16,180	35.7	36.6	34.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,840	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,115	43,340	43,775	93.8	93.6	94.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,720	51,000	40,520	45,720	51,000	40,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,190	43,370	43,825	93.9	93.7	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	42,440	35,520	38,960	42,440	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,975	39,165	36,815	81.8	84.6	79.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	48,360	35,960	42,360	48,360	35,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,465	34,990	31,480	71.6	75.6	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	48,840	37,600	43,520	48,840	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,135	39,640	40,495	86.3	85.7	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,560	7,990	11,090	9,560	7,990	11,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,975	2,990	4,985	8.6	6.5	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,085	7,330	6,860	6,085	7,330
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,960	16,995	15,965	35.5	36.7	34.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,090	8,890	9,300	9,090	8,890	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,840	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,840	16,430	12,410	31.1	35.5	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	63,600	53,600	58,800	63,600	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	73,700	61,750	68,600	73,700	61,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,195	12,950	13,245	28.2	28.0	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,600	15,600	17,400	19,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	28,880	23,500	26,160	28,880	23,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.6	74.6	80.8	85.6	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.6	77.4	66.8	72.6	77.4	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.3	25.3	19.2	14.3	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.8	2.1	1.4	0.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.3	7.3	9.6	8.3	7.3	9.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.5	6.8	8.4	7.5	6.8	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,605	46,085	46,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,850	2,935	2,910	6.3	6.4	6.3
With total income	86,760	43,145	43,610	93.7	93.6	93.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,660	4,275	5,390	11.1	9.9	12.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,865	5,930	6,930	14.8	13.7	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,165	7,165	8,000	17.5	16.6	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,550	5,405	6,145	13.3	12.5	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,065	4,265	4,800	10.4	9.9	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	3,300	3,555	7.9	7.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230	2,765	2,460	6.0	6.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,780	2,115	1,665	4.4	4.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	1,805	1,260	3.5	4.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	1,375	945	2.7	3.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,215	4,755	2,460	8.3	11.0	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,245	3,275	1,970	6.0	7.6	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,970	1,485	485	2.3	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,605	46,085	46,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,790	2,905	2,880	6.2	6.3	6.2
With after-tax income	86,820	43,180	43,640	93.7	93.7	93.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,890	4,400	5,490	11.4	10.2	12.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,375	6,215	7,160	15.4	14.4	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	16,835	7,930	8,905	19.4	18.4	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,275	6,240	7,035	15.3	14.5	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,045	4,865	5,180	11.6	11.3	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,355	3,835	3,515	8.5	8.9	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,895	2,710	2,190	5.6	6.3	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,520	2,075	1,450	4.1	4.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730	1,545	1,180	3.1	3.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	985	635	1.9	2.3	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,280	2,370	905	3.8	5.5	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,865	1,315	550	2.1	3.0	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,410	1,060	350	1.6	2.4	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,605	46,085	46,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,460	11,365	15,090	28.6	24.7	32.4
With employment income	66,150	34,720	31,430	71.4	75.3	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,365	4,025	4,335	12.6	11.6	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	6,695	2,940	3,755	10.1	8.5	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,365	4,535	4,830	14.2	13.0	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,380	3,955	3,425	11.2	11.4	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,375	3,195	3,180	9.6	9.2	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,825	2,800	3,025	8.8	8.1	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,830	2,500	2,320	7.3	7.2	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,900	2,215	1,680	5.9	6.4	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,950	1,740	1,210	4.5	5.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	1,540	995	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,995	1,205	785	3.0	3.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,940	4,065	1,870	9.0	11.7	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,055	1,910	1,145	4.6	5.5	3.6
$125,000 and over	2,885	2,155	730	4.4	6.2	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,605	46,085	46,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,325	41,335	41,990	90.0	89.7	90.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,400	31,400	35,200	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,330	41,340	41,995	90.0	89.7	90.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	27,000	29,800	32,800	27,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,155	37,590	35,570	79.0	81.6	76.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,400	27,600	31,800	36,400	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,885	34,020	30,865	70.1	73.8	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	30,200	32,800	36,400	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,215	36,075	37,140	79.1	78.3	79.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,150	750	3,060	1,150	750	3,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,745	1,490	3,265	5.1	3.2	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,120	6,200	5,920	5,120	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,840	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,590	41,495	42,095	90.0	89.7	90.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,040	37,040	42,480	48,040	37,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,600	41,500	42,095	90.0	89.7	90.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,280	40,120	32,480	36,280	40,120	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,165	37,595	35,570	78.8	81.2	76.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	49,360	36,440	43,080	49,360	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,955	34,125	30,835	70.0	73.7	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	49,200	37,720	43,760	49,200	37,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,600	36,190	37,405	79.3	78.2	80.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,410	3,764	7,010	5,410	3,764	7,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,690	1,495	3,190	5.1	3.2	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,820	6,440	8,460	7,820	6,440	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,840	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,345	16,130	12,215	30.5	34.9	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	59,200	48,800	53,600	59,200	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,800	69,100	56,750	63,800	69,100	56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,840	11,915	11,925	25.7	25.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,200	21,800	23,400	25,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,720	35,280	28,160	31,720	35,280	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	93.2	83.2	88.8	93.2	83.2
Employment income (%)	80.0	84.2	74.6	80.0	84.2	74.6
Government transfers (%)	11.2	6.8	16.8	11.2	6.8	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.7	1.0	0.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,100	...	...	113,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,520	...	...	49,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,160	...	...	42,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...	121,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	465	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	510	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	490	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	540	...	...	1.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	625	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	690	...	...	2.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540	...	...	5.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,610	...	...	5.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,750	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,810	...	...	59.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,065	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,640	...	...	12.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,955	...	...	16.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,145	...	...	17.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	190	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	500	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	545	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	550	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	590	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	750	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	755	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,850	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,035	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,080	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,645	...	...	52.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,690	...	...	15.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,720	...	...	12.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,235	...	...	24.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,905	6,570	5,330	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,000	26,200	25,600	26,000	26,200	25,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,200	25,400	25,000	25,200	25,400	25,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,800	...	...	103,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,005	6,580	5,420	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,360	32,080	30,440	31,360	32,080	30,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,920	28,160	27,640	27,920	28,160	27,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,865	56,185	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,410	12,255	11,155	20.9	21.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,900	3,575	3,325	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	74,670	37,530	37,140	66.8	66.8	66.7
65 years and over	13,780	6,395	7,385	12.3	11.4	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,320	3,570	3,750	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,800	935	865	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	560	295	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,455	2,210	2,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,070	425	640	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.5	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	7.6	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.2	8.3	8.0	8.2	8.3	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.9	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.0
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.7	8.6	7.7	6.7	8.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,865	56,185	55,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,410	12,255	11,155	20.9	21.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,900	3,575	3,325	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years	74,670	37,530	37,140	66.8	66.8	66.7
65 years and over	13,780	6,395	7,385	12.3	11.4	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,715	4,130	3,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	880	475	410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	145	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,435	3,485	2,945	...	...	...
65 years and over	400	170	230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	7.4	6.4	6.9	7.4	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	9.3	7.9	8.6	9.3	7.9
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.6	3.1	2.9	2.6	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,860	56,185	55,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,490	26,345	26,145	46.9	46.9	47.0
In bottom decile	10,185	5,330	4,855	9.1	9.5	8.7
In second decile	9,385	4,610	4,770	8.4	8.2	8.6
In third decile	10,415	5,205	5,210	9.3	9.3	9.4
In fourth decile	10,935	5,445	5,490	9.8	9.7	9.9
In fifth decile	11,565	5,750	5,815	10.3	10.2	10.4
In top half of the distribution	59,380	29,845	29,535	53.1	53.1	53.0
In sixth decile	11,995	6,005	5,980	10.7	10.7	10.7
In seventh decile	12,015	6,025	5,990	10.7	10.7	10.8
In eighth decile	12,330	6,210	6,115	11.0	11.1	11.0
In ninth decile	12,605	6,295	6,310	11.3	11.2	11.3
In top decile	10,435	5,305	5,135	9.3	9.4	9.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,860	...	...	111,860	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...	0.390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.252	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,470	51,440	49,025	89.8	91.5	88.0
French only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,245	2,365	2,880	4.7	4.2	5.2
Neither English nor French	6,185	2,405	3,785	5.5	4.3	6.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,180	53,075	51,110	93.1	94.4	91.7
French	675	315	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	985	475	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Neither English nor French	6,095	2,360	3,735	5.4	4.2	6.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,940	50,650	50,290	90.2	90.1	90.3
Official languages	39,200	19,825	19,375	35.0	35.3	34.8
English	38,645	19,570	19,070	34.5	34.8	34.2
French	555	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	61,745	30,825	30,920	55.2	54.8	55.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,745	30,825	30,920	55.2	54.8	55.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,135	565	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,050	520	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Amharic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	820	410	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	935	430	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	925	425	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,795	780	1,015	1.6	1.4	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,520	665	860	1.4	1.2	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,585	1,800	1,785	3.2	3.2	3.2
Kannada	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	645	330	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	2,095	1,020	1,070	1.9	1.8	1.9
Telugu	720	380	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tulu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	51,935	26,170	25,760	46.4	46.5	46.2
Albanian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,465	685	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,455	685	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	905	420	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	300	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	545	185	355	0.5	0.3	0.6
Frisian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	405	135	270	0.4	0.2	0.5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	405	135	270	0.4	0.2	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	46,640	23,735	22,900	41.7	42.2	41.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45,975	23,385	22,590	41.1	41.6	40.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	600	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	4,455	2,340	2,120	4.0	4.2	3.8
Hindi	4,295	2,150	2,145	3.8	3.8	3.8
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Marathi	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	1,005	535	465	0.9	1.0	0.8
Oriya languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	29,390	15,010	14,380	26.3	26.7	25.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	5,355	2,625	2,725	4.8	4.7	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	665	350	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	510	270	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dari	385	200	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian Persian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,085	1,470	1,610	2.8	2.6	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	570	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	1,550	740	805	1.4	1.3	1.4
Romanian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	870	410	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	495	215	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,435	670	765	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	1,380	640	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	635	305	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	665	305	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,000	5,580	5,420	9.8	9.9	9.7
English and French	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	9,540	4,875	4,665	8.5	8.7	8.4
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	870	430	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,505	19,360	19,145	34.4	34.4	34.4
French	175	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	21,935	10,825	11,110	19.6	19.3	19.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	21,935	10,825	11,110	19.6	19.3	19.9
English and French	590	290	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	47,000	23,925	23,075	42.0	42.6	41.4
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,275	580	695	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	2,380	1,120	1,260	2.1	2.0	2.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	97,930	49,185	48,745	87.5	87.5	87.5
Official languages	53,565	26,920	26,645	47.9	47.9	47.8
English	53,295	26,790	26,505	47.6	47.6	47.6
French	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	44,365	22,270	22,100	39.6	39.6	39.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,365	22,270	22,100	39.6	39.6	39.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	265	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	535	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	410	195	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	310	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	675	305	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	975	455	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	895	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,560	1,275	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.3
Kannada	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	390	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	1,585	770	815	1.4	1.4	1.5
Telugu	515	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	38,170	19,315	18,855	34.1	34.4	33.8
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	810	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	810	390	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	540	245	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35,800	18,190	17,615	32.0	32.4	31.6
Indo-Aryan languages	35,455	18,015	17,440	31.7	32.0	31.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	355	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	3,220	1,655	1,565	2.9	2.9	2.8
Hindi	3,010	1,530	1,475	2.7	2.7	2.6
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	685	375	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	23,915	12,200	11,720	21.4	21.7	21.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	3,775	1,845	1,930	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	660	730	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	510	235	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	945	440	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	935	435	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	430	195	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	14,005	7,035	6,970	12.5	12.5	12.5
English and French	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	13,295	6,690	6,600	11.9	11.9	11.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,940	56,225	55,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,865	35,430	35,430	63.3	63.0	63.6
English	15,960	8,185	7,770	14.3	14.6	13.9
French	730	320	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	16,800	8,355	8,440	15.0	14.9	15.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,800	8,355	8,440	15.0	14.9	15.1
English and French	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,235	2,195	2,040	3.8	3.9	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	470	210	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	2,655	1,405	1,250	2.4	2.5	2.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,220	56,390	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,035	54,065	51,970	94.5	95.9	93.1
English	105,975	54,040	51,935	94.4	95.8	93.0
French	5,560	2,495	3,070	5.0	4.4	5.5
Non-official languages	81,555	40,945	40,605	72.7	72.6	72.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	81,555	40,945	40,605	72.7	72.6	72.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,090	1,040	1,050	1.9	1.8	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,005	1,015	990	1.8	1.8	1.8
Amharic	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,700	865	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
Aramaic languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,400	650	750	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,360	635	725	1.2	1.1	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,565	1,095	1,465	2.3	1.9	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,375	1,010	1,370	2.1	1.8	2.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	470	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,590	2,840	2,745	5.0	5.0	4.9
Kannada	420	245	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Malayalam	990	490	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tamil	3,395	1,765	1,630	3.0	3.1	2.9
Telugu	1,350	670	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Tulu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	68,445	34,865	33,580	61.0	61.8	60.1
Albanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,920	920	995	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,905	920	990	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	1,085	480	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
Russian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	465	240	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	395	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	745	240	500	0.7	0.4	0.9
Frisian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	530	155	375	0.5	0.3	0.7
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	515	145	370	0.5	0.3	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	61,575	31,740	29,840	54.9	56.3	53.4
Indo-Aryan languages	60,825	31,370	29,450	54.2	55.6	52.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	920	475	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	6,140	3,175	2,965	5.5	5.6	5.3
Hindi	24,945	12,705	12,240	22.2	22.5	21.9
Kacchi	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Konkani	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Marathi	680	315	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Nepali	1,115	580	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Oriya languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Odia	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	39,810	20,680	19,130	35.5	36.7	34.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	9,365	4,710	4,655	8.3	8.4	8.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	975	490	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian languages	740	385	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Dari	515	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,350	2,075	2,270	3.9	3.7	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	925	455	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,960	930	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
Romanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,520	705	815	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,270	580	695	1.1	1.0	1.2
Akan (Twi)	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,775	790	980	1.6	1.4	1.8
Chinese languages	1,730	765	965	1.5	1.4	1.7
Hakka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,025	430	585	0.9	0.8	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	875	390	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,220	56,390	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	270	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	111,925	56,240	55,685	99.7	99.7	99.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,220	56,390	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,150	56,360	55,790	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,505	...	...	78.3	...	...
Renter	6,520	...	...	21.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,790	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not condominium	27,235	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,735	...	...	5.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,580	...	...	11.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,285	...	...	24.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,260	...	...	57.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,340	...	...	21.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,160	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,840	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,340	...	...	14.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,350	...	...	34.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,550	...	...	91.7	...	...
More than one person per room	2,485	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,865	...	...	86.1	...	...
Not suitable	4,160	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	835	...	...	2.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,105	...	...	7.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,310	...	...	21.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,340	...	...	17.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,635	...	...	8.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,830	...	...	9.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,005	...	...	20.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,970	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,355	...	...	97.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	675	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,055	...	...	33.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,635	...	...	48.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,340	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,035	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,790	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,440	...	...	21.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,065	...	...	23.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,965	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,605	...	...	12.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,400	...	...	4.7	...	...
85 years and over	735	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	29,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,540	...	...	68.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,340	...	...	31.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,725	...	...	29.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,900	...	...	43.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,210	...	...	27.3	...	...
Not suitable only	3,085	...	...	10.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	360	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	930	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,125	...	...	57.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,440	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not in core need	25,820	...	...	88.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	78.4	...	...	78.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.5	...	...	29.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,500	...	...	2,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,490	...	...	2,490	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,065,000	...	...	1,065,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,520	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,220	56,390	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	95	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Métis single ancestry	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,850	56,210	55,640	99.7	99.7	99.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,220	56,390	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,305	42,550	42,755	76.0	75.5	76.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,590	11,225	10,365	19.2	19.9	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,715	31,325	32,390	56.8	55.6	58.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	26,915	13,835	13,075	24.0	24.5	23.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,220	56,390	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,795	19,935	18,860	34.6	35.4	33.8
Immigrants⁸¹	62,575	30,285	32,290	55.8	53.7	57.8
Before 1980	6,445	2,945	3,505	5.7	5.2	6.3
1980 to 1990	6,405	3,065	3,335	5.7	5.4	6.0
1991 to 2000	14,100	7,005	7,095	12.6	12.4	12.7
2001 to 2010	19,495	9,480	10,015	17.4	16.8	17.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,130	7,785	8,350	14.4	13.8	15.0
2011 to 2015	7,735	3,580	4,155	6.9	6.3	7.4
2016 to 2021	8,395	4,200	4,195	7.5	7.4	7.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10,845	6,165	4,680	9.7	10.9	8.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	62,580	30,285	32,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,690	2,450	2,240	7.5	8.1	6.9
5 to 14 years	9,145	4,635	4,510	14.6	15.3	14.0
15 to 24 years	13,535	5,710	7,825	21.6	18.9	24.2
25 to 44 years	27,640	14,140	13,500	44.2	46.7	41.8
45 years and over	7,570	3,350	4,220	12.1	11.1	13.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	62,580	30,285	32,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	7,225	3,180	4,045	11.5	10.5	12.5
Brazil	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	1,700	755	945	2.7	2.5	2.9
Haiti	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	2,635	1,155	1,480	4.2	3.8	4.6
Mexico	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	1,010	455	550	1.6	1.5	1.7
United States of America	565	265	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	805	360	445	1.3	1.2	1.4
Europe	4,940	2,325	2,620	7.9	7.7	8.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	170	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
France	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greece	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	440	225	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Netherlands	480	140	340	0.8	0.5	1.1
Poland	760	335	430	1.2	1.1	1.3
Portugal	1,315	665	645	2.1	2.2	2.0
Romania	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	900	440	460	1.4	1.5	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	315	170	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Africa	2,715	1,280	1,430	4.3	4.2	4.4
Algeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	315	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Morocco	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	565	245	320	0.9	0.8	1.0
Somalia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,475	730	745	2.4	2.4	2.3
Asia	47,560	23,440	24,120	76.0	77.4	74.7
Afghanistan	500	250	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	210	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraq	445	220	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanon	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Turkey	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	765	335	425	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	245	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,480	1,105	1,375	4.0	3.6	4.3
Viet Nam	1,025	465	555	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bangladesh	485	230	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
India	32,175	16,085	16,090	51.4	53.1	49.8
Pakistan	4,865	2,345	2,520	7.8	7.7	7.8
Sri Lanka	1,780	875	900	2.8	2.9	2.8
Other places of birth in Asia	2,320	1,165	1,150	3.7	3.8	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,395	4,200	4,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	520	245	280	6.2	5.8	6.7
Brazil	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	215	125	95	2.6	3.0	2.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	120	55	65	1.4	1.3	1.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	130	40	85	1.5	1.0	2.0
Europe	115	60	50	1.4	1.4	1.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	355	145	210	4.2	3.5	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	170	65	105	2.0	1.5	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	45	45	1.0	1.1	1.1
Asia	7,390	3,750	3,645	88.0	89.3	87.0
Afghanistan	65	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bangladesh	60	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
China⁹⁰	55	20	40	0.7	0.5	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	5,955	3,075	2,880	70.9	73.2	68.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	40	25	0.7	1.0	0.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	265	145	125	3.2	3.5	3.0
Pakistan	475	235	240	5.7	5.6	5.7
Philippines	200	65	130	2.4	1.5	3.1
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	75	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.7
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,220	56,385	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	74,095	36,780	37,310	66.0	65.2	66.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	31,115	16,125	14,990	27.7	28.6	26.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,010	3,480	3,530	6.2	6.2	6.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	56,135	27,340	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	27,410	14,795	12,615	48.8	54.1	43.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,510	8,170	3,335	20.5	29.9	11.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,900	6,625	9,275	28.3	24.2	32.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	22,980	9,460	13,520	40.9	34.6	47.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,090	2,725	2,360	9.1	10.0	8.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	655	355	305	1.2	1.3	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	56,135	27,340	28,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,980	1,690	1,295	5.3	6.2	4.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,065	1,620	1,445	5.5	5.9	5.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	265	250	0.9	1.0	0.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,590	1,625	970	4.6	5.9	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	255	115	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	46,725	22,035	24,695	83.2	80.6	85.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,220	56,390	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	97,310	49,170	48,135	86.7	87.2	86.2
South Asian	71,750	37,125	34,625	63.9	65.8	62.0
Chinese	1,960	955	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.8
Black	9,535	4,295	5,245	8.5	7.6	9.4
Filipino	3,290	1,525	1,765	2.9	2.7	3.2
Arab	1,455	705	750	1.3	1.3	1.3
Latin American	1,215	565	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
Southeast Asian	1,955	990	965	1.7	1.8	1.7
West Asian	1,095	590	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,780	1,360	1,420	2.5	2.4	2.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,135	995	1,145	1.9	1.8	2.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,915	7,215	7,700	13.3	12.8	13.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,220	56,390	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,885	2,470	2,415	4.4	4.4	4.3
English	2,835	1,415	1,415	2.5	2.5	2.5
Irish	2,115	1,080	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9
Scottish	1,945	1,010	935	1.7	1.8	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	815	325	490	0.7	0.6	0.9
German	1,015	500	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	2,665	1,225	1,440	2.4	2.2	2.6
Italian	2,165	1,050	1,115	1.9	1.9	2.0
Indian (India)	37,875	19,575	18,295	33.8	34.7	32.8
Ukrainian	445	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Dutch	735	270	465	0.7	0.5	0.8
Polish	1,420	655	760	1.3	1.2	1.4
Québécois	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	720	335	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Filipino	3,275	1,545	1,730	2.9	2.7	3.1
French Canadian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	445	195	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	2,800	1,380	1,420	2.5	2.4	2.5
American	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	610	270	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	240	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	6,615	3,310	3,310	5.9	5.9	5.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,780	850	930	1.6	1.5	1.7
Jewish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	12,405	6,505	5,905	11.1	11.5	10.6
Vietnamese	1,385	650	735	1.2	1.2	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	525	285	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	3,905	1,725	2,175	3.5	3.1	3.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,760	880	885	1.6	1.6	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	180	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	430	240	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sikh	8,860	4,650	4,205	7.9	8.2	7.5
Austrian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belgian	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	5,355	2,760	2,595	4.8	4.9	4.6
Mexican	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Finnish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	1,575	790	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
Croatian	525	290	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,700	1,375	1,325	2.4	2.4	2.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,545	800	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
Egyptian	415	195	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	1,345	680	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	1,800	845	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
Afghan	780	390	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	880	395	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Serbian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	900	410	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Turkish	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	520	265	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	525	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Armenian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	295	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Salvadorean	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	620	310	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	610	320	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	490	215	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	870	425	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,270	695	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
Eritrean	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Canadian	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	360	135	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Barbadian	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
African American	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	985	500	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	820	450	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Igbo	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malayali	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chaldean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	225	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,220	56,390	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,465	690	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
Christian	30,390	13,935	16,455	27.1	24.7	29.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,900	3,015	3,885	6.1	5.3	7.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	875	420	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baptist	500	255	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catholic	15,880	7,520	8,360	14.2	13.3	15.0
Christian Orthodox	940	500	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	270	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,265	950	1,315	2.0	1.7	2.4
Presbyterian	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	320	115	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
United Church	585	240	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,210	525	685	1.1	0.9	1.2
Hindu	23,535	12,240	11,290	21.0	21.7	20.2
Jewish	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	13,215	6,660	6,555	11.8	11.8	11.7
Sikh	34,165	17,670	16,500	30.4	31.3	29.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	8,845	4,895	3,950	7.9	8.7	7.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,120	55,820	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,530	48,075	48,460	86.9	86.1	87.6
Movers	14,585	7,745	6,840	13.1	13.9	12.4
Non-migrants	9,490	5,150	4,345	8.5	9.2	7.9
Migrants	5,095	2,595	2,500	4.6	4.6	4.5
Internal migrants	2,885	1,490	1,385	2.6	2.7	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,575	1,330	1,240	2.3	2.4	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	310	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	2,215	1,105	1,110	2.0	2.0	2.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,465	53,390	53,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,865	29,940	30,925	57.2	56.1	58.3
Movers	45,605	23,450	22,155	42.8	43.9	41.7
Non-migrants	18,365	9,295	9,070	17.2	17.4	17.1
Migrants	27,235	14,155	13,085	25.6	26.5	24.7
Internal migrants	12,395	6,205	6,190	11.6	11.6	11.7
Intraprovincial migrants	11,265	5,610	5,655	10.6	10.5	10.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,130	590	535	1.1	1.1	1.0
External migrants	14,845	7,950	6,890	13.9	14.9	13.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,840	46,280	46,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,790	6,815	7,980	15.9	14.7	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,050	39,470	38,575	84.1	85.3	82.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,150	29,540	30,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,665	2,845	2,810	9.4	9.6	9.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,485	26,690	27,800	90.6	90.4	90.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,835	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,105	6,405	7,695	15.2	13.8	16.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,785	12,775	12,010	26.7	27.6	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,950	27,100	26,850	58.1	58.6	57.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,690	10,890	9,805	22.3	23.5	21.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,850	1,975	875	3.1	4.3	1.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,735	1,085	655	1.9	2.3	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,115	895	220	1.2	1.9	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,820	7,350	7,470	16.0	15.9	16.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,020	1,570	1,455	3.3	3.4	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,260	16,210	17,050	35.8	35.0	36.6
Bachelor's degree	21,630	10,590	11,045	23.3	22.9	23.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,085	1,060	1,025	2.2	2.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	930	460	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Master's degree	8,210	3,870	4,340	8.8	8.4	9.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	405	225	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,150	29,535	30,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,240	2,630	2,615	8.7	8.9	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,060	6,665	6,395	21.7	22.6	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,850	20,250	21,605	69.6	68.6	70.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,085	7,010	7,075	23.4	23.7	23.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,945	1,290	655	3.2	4.4	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	665	495	1.9	2.3	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	785	625	155	1.3	2.1	0.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,080	4,670	5,410	16.8	15.8	17.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,055	1,045	1,015	3.4	3.5	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,765	13,240	14,530	46.2	44.8	47.5
Bachelor's degree	17,320	8,365	8,955	28.8	28.3	29.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,750	880	875	2.9	3.0	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	795	355	440	1.3	1.2	1.4
Master's degree	7,550	3,465	4,090	12.6	11.7	13.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	345	170	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,840	46,285	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,890	19,185	19,705	41.9	41.4	42.3
Education	1,885	340	1,550	2.0	0.7	3.3
13. Education	1,885	340	1,550	2.0	0.7	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	935	410	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	860	360	505	0.9	0.8	1.1
Humanities	4,510	1,535	2,980	4.9	3.3	6.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	290	55	235	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	675	125	555	0.7	0.3	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,915	1,105	1,810	3.1	2.4	3.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	330	110	225	0.4	0.2	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,495	1,725	3,770	5.9	3.7	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	170	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	145	935	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,145	440	710	1.2	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	590	95	500	0.6	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	2,135	825	1,315	2.3	1.8	2.8
Business, management and public administration	14,630	7,315	7,310	15.8	15.8	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	555	130	420	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,055	7,175	6,880	15.1	15.5	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,440	1,530	1,910	3.7	3.3	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,090	410	680	1.2	0.9	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,340	605	735	1.4	1.3	1.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	835	480	355	0.9	1.0	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	35	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,610	2,835	1,770	5.0	6.1	3.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,010	2,525	1,485	4.3	5.5	3.2
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	450	235	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,230	8,845	1,385	11.0	19.1	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	240	155	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	5,090	4,135	950	5.5	8.9	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,455	2,135	325	2.6	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	690	685	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,220	1,200	20	1.3	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	540	530	10	0.6	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	355	210	0.6	0.8	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	455	300	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,075	1,415	4,660	6.5	3.1	10.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,620	1,185	4,435	6.1	2.6	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,580	795	780	1.7	1.7	1.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	810	245	565	0.9	0.5	1.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	550	365	185	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	180	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,150	29,540	30,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,295	9,295	9,010	30.4	31.5	29.4
Education	1,330	195	1,135	2.2	0.7	3.7
13. Education	1,330	195	1,135	2.2	0.7	3.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	700	290	410	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	640	250	390	1.1	0.8	1.3
Humanities	3,600	1,110	2,490	6.0	3.8	8.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	30	210	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	590	105	480	1.0	0.4	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,285	790	1,495	3.8	2.7	4.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	280	90	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,325	1,295	3,030	7.2	4.4	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	80	175	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	725	60	660	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	975	365	610	1.6	1.2	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	515	90	425	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,745	655	1,090	2.9	2.2	3.6
Business, management and public administration	11,395	5,475	5,920	18.9	18.5	19.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	90	360	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,930	5,380	5,555	18.2	18.2	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,450	1,055	1,390	4.1	3.6	4.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	300	515	1.4	1.0	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	905	375	530	1.5	1.3	1.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	610	345	260	1.0	1.2	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,780	2,290	1,490	6.3	7.8	4.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,255	2,015	1,240	5.4	6.8	4.1
25. Library science	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	405	210	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,735	6,555	1,180	12.9	22.2	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	170	115	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	4,335	3,455	880	7.2	11.7	2.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,545	1,320	225	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	495	490	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	805	795	15	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	390	390	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	270	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	340	220	125	0.6	0.7	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,890	1,105	3,780	8.1	3.7	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	105	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,575	960	3,620	7.6	3.2	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,220	605	605	2.0	2.0	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	630	175	450	1.0	0.6	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	290	130	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	165	135	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,150	29,540	30,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,295	9,295	9,010	30.4	31.5	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,850	20,245	21,605	69.6	68.5	70.6
Location of study inside Canada	19,970	9,550	10,425	33.2	32.3	34.1
Same as province or territory of residence	19,100	9,100	10,000	31.8	30.8	32.7
Different than province or territory of residence	875	455	420	1.5	1.5	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,880	10,695	11,180	36.4	36.2	36.5
Americas	1,620	850	770	2.7	2.9	2.5
United States of America	985	545	440	1.6	1.8	1.4
Mexico	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	245	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Brazil	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	265	135	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Europe	1,050	560	495	1.7	1.9	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	305	285	1.0	1.0	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	590	285	310	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	235	90	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	115	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	18,450	8,860	9,585	30.7	30.0	31.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	270	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,110	420	690	1.8	1.4	2.3
Viet Nam	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	14,480	7,040	7,440	24.1	23.8	24.3
Pakistan	1,520	705	810	2.5	2.4	2.6
Other locations of study in Asia	480	255	220	0.8	0.9	0.7
Oceania	165	140	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
Australia	130	105	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
New Zealand	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,840	46,280	46,555	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,345	33,650	28,695	...	...	...
Employed	53,805	29,585	24,225	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,540	4,070	4,475	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,495	12,630	17,865	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.2	72.7	61.6	67.2	72.7	61.6
Employment rate	58.0	63.9	52.0	58.0	63.9	52.0
Unemployment rate	13.7	12.1	15.6	13.7	12.1	15.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,840	46,280	46,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,895	15,290	19,605	37.6	33.0	42.1
Worked	57,945	30,990	26,955	62.4	67.0	57.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,820	17,060	12,760	32.1	36.9	27.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,125	13,930	14,195	30.3	30.1	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	41.0	38.5	39.8	41.0	38.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,345	33,645	28,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,075	1,180	3.6	3.2	4.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,090	32,570	27,515	96.4	96.8	95.9
Employee	50,180	25,245	24,935	80.5	75.0	86.9
Permanent position	41,175	21,175	20,000	66.0	62.9	69.7
Temporary position	9,005	4,070	4,935	14.4	12.1	17.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,525	1,040	1,485	4.1	3.1	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,480	3,030	3,450	10.4	9.0	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,910	7,330	2,580	15.9	21.8	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,345	33,645	28,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,075	1,180	3.6	3.2	4.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,090	32,570	27,515	96.4	96.8	95.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	520	385	135	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,825	4,415	7,410	19.0	13.1	25.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,760	4,940	1,815	10.8	14.7	6.3
3 Health occupations	3,450	660	2,785	5.5	2.0	9.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,295	1,360	2,935	6.9	4.0	10.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	885	395	490	1.4	1.2	1.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,435	6,700	7,740	23.2	19.9	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,045	11,080	1,955	20.9	32.9	6.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	315	245	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,565	2,385	2,180	7.3	7.1	7.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,345	33,645	28,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,075	1,180	3.6	3.2	4.1
All industries¹⁹¹	60,090	32,570	27,515	96.4	96.8	95.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	110	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	210	155	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
23 Construction	3,095	2,645	455	5.0	7.9	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,815	4,360	2,450	10.9	13.0	8.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,645	1,500	1,150	4.2	4.5	4.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,050	3,365	3,680	11.3	10.0	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,570	6,765	2,805	15.4	20.1	9.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,185	720	465	1.9	2.1	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,745	1,745	2,000	6.0	5.2	7.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,630	1,050	580	2.6	3.1	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,700	3,240	2,460	9.1	9.6	8.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,200	1,685	1,510	5.1	5.0	5.3
61 Educational services	2,565	735	1,830	4.1	2.2	6.4
62 Health care and social assistance	5,060	925	4,130	8.1	2.7	14.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	420	250	175	0.7	0.7	0.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,340	1,415	1,925	5.4	4.2	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,865	1,035	830	3.0	3.1	2.9
91 Public administration	1,540	700	830	2.5	2.1	2.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,360	35,065	30,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,290	30,305	26,985	87.7	86.4	89.1
French	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,135	655	475	1.7	1.9	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,135	655	475	1.7	1.9	1.6
English and French	595	235	355	0.9	0.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,130	3,790	2,340	9.4	10.8	7.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,360	35,065	30,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,840	34,120	29,720	97.7	97.3	98.1
Official languages	61,675	32,825	28,850	94.4	93.6	95.2
English	61,520	32,775	28,740	94.1	93.5	94.9
French	160	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	2,160	1,295	870	3.3	3.7	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,160	1,295	870	3.3	3.7	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,940	1,175	765	3.0	3.4	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,805	1,105	695	2.8	3.2	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,795	1,100	695	2.7	3.1	2.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,545	1,005	540	2.4	2.9	1.8
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,520	945	575	2.3	2.7	1.9
English and French	175	80	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,320	860	460	2.0	2.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,360	35,065	30,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,740	31,770	27,975	91.4	90.6	92.4
English	895	555	340	1.4	1.6	1.1
French	355	135	215	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	3,295	1,955	1,335	5.0	5.6	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,295	1,955	1,335	5.0	5.6	4.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	890	550	340	1.4	1.6	1.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,810	29,580	24,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,185	6,540	6,645	24.5	22.1	27.4
Worked outside Canada	375	295	75	0.7	1.0	0.3
No fixed workplace address	8,435	6,300	2,135	15.7	21.3	8.8
Usual place of work	31,820	16,445	15,370	59.1	55.6	63.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,815	16,445	15,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,195	5,835	6,355	38.3	35.5	41.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,660	5,845	5,815	36.6	35.5	37.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,915	4,740	3,170	24.9	28.8	20.6
Commute to a different province or territory	55	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,250	22,745	17,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,520	20,205	13,320	83.3	88.8	76.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,080	19,040	11,040	74.7	83.7	63.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,440	1,165	2,280	8.5	5.1	13.0
Public transit	5,360	2,005	3,360	13.3	8.8	19.2
Walked	450	165	285	1.1	0.7	1.6
Bicycle	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other method	900	365	535	2.2	1.6	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,250	22,745	17,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,350	2,660	2,685	13.3	11.7	15.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,720	8,900	6,820	39.1	39.1	39.0
30 to 44 minutes	11,015	6,540	4,480	27.4	28.8	25.6
45 to 59 minutes	3,795	2,260	1,535	9.4	9.9	8.8
60 minutes and over	4,375	2,395	1,980	10.9	10.5	11.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,250	22,745	17,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,875	2,000	880	7.1	8.8	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,050	3,480	2,570	15.0	15.3	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,070	4,355	3,720	20.0	19.1	21.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,205	3,885	3,320	17.9	17.1	19.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,905	3,810	3,095	17.2	16.8	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,145	5,225	3,920	22.7	23.0	22.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,850	12,475	11,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,885	970	905	7.9	7.8	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,970	11,505	10,465	92.1	92.2	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,750	9,310	8,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,585	815	765	8.9	8.8	9.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,140	590	545	6.4	6.3	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	225	220	2.5	2.4	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,165	8,490	7,670	91.1	91.2	90.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 17, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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