Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton WestMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,255	57,000	57,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,460	12,970	12,490	22.3	22.8	21.8
0 to 4 years	8,140	4,160	3,980	7.1	7.3	7.0
5 to 9 years	8,795	4,455	4,340	7.7	7.8	7.6
10 to 14 years	8,525	4,355	4,175	7.5	7.6	7.3
15 to 64 years	80,015	39,905	40,105	70.0	70.0	70.0
15 to 19 years	7,870	4,040	3,835	6.9	7.1	6.7
20 to 24 years	9,030	5,025	4,000	7.9	8.8	7.0
25 to 29 years	8,795	4,475	4,320	7.7	7.9	7.5
30 to 34 years	10,210	4,810	5,400	8.9	8.4	9.4
35 to 39 years	10,600	5,035	5,565	9.3	8.8	9.7
40 to 44 years	8,925	4,330	4,600	7.8	7.6	8.0
45 to 49 years	7,825	3,860	3,965	6.8	6.8	6.9
50 to 54 years	6,705	3,285	3,420	5.9	5.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	5,750	2,910	2,840	5.0	5.1	5.0
60 to 64 years	4,305	2,140	2,165	3.8	3.8	3.8
65 years and over	8,790	4,125	4,660	7.7	7.2	8.1
65 to 69 years	3,435	1,625	1,810	3.0	2.9	3.2
70 to 74 years	2,570	1,220	1,350	2.2	2.1	2.4
75 to 79 years	1,510	725	780	1.3	1.3	1.4
80 to 84 years	780	350	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
85 years and over	495	205	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
85 to 89 years	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
90 to 94 years	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.3	22.8	21.8	22.3	22.8	21.8
15 to 64 years	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0
65 years and over	7.7	7.2	8.1	7.7	7.2	8.1
85 years and over	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Average age of the population	33.7	33.2	34.2	33.7	33.2	34.2
Median age of the population	32.8	32.0	33.6	32.8	32.0	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,750	...	...	63.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,320	...	...	18.1	...	...
Row house	3,915	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	685	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	245	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	385	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
2 persons	4,265	...	...	14.5	...	...
3 persons	6,065	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	8,480	...	...	28.9	...	...
5 or more persons	8,770	...	...	29.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,220	56,980	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,800	44,035	44,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,380	27,115	27,270	61.2	61.6	60.9
Married	51,805	25,825	25,985	58.3	58.6	58.0
Living common-law	2,575	1,290	1,290	2.9	2.9	2.9
Living common law - Never married	1,890	935	950	2.1	2.1	2.1
Living common law - Separated	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	520	265	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not married and not living common-law	34,415	16,920	17,500	38.8	38.4	39.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,580	15,010	12,565	31.1	34.1	28.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,675	590	1,090	1.9	1.3	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,575	840	1,735	2.9	1.9	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,585	475	2,110	2.9	1.1	4.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,800	...	...	28.8	...	...
3 persons	7,875	...	...	25.8	...	...
4 persons	10,000	...	...	32.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,905	...	...	12.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,980	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	24,695	...	...	80.8	...	...
With children⁶	18,650	...	...	61.0	...	...
Without children	6,045	...	...	19.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,285	...	...	4.2	...	...
With children⁶	800	...	...	2.6	...	...
Without children	485	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,595	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,795	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	800	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,220	56,980	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	101,895	50,380	51,515	89.2	88.4	90.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,965	25,970	25,995	45.5	45.6	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,600	800	3,795	4.0	1.4	6.6
Children⁶	45,330	23,610	21,720	39.7	41.4	37.9
In a two-parent family	37,205	19,370	17,840	32.6	34.0	31.2
In a one-parent family	8,125	4,240	3,885	7.1	7.4	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,330	6,595	5,735	10.8	11.6	10.0
Living alone	1,745	970	775	1.5	1.7	1.4
Living with other relatives⁷	5,750	2,350	3,405	5.0	4.1	5.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,835	3,275	1,555	4.2	5.7	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,795	...	...	64.1	...	...
Couple-family households	16,410	...	...	56.0	...	...
With children⁶	13,510	...	...	46.1	...	...
Without children	2,905	...	...	9.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,385	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,490	...	...	15.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	990	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,210	...	...	7.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,090	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	1,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,770	44,010	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,825	41,090	41,740	93.3	93.4	93.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,860	41,100	41,755	93.3	93.4	93.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,200	32,800	34,800	37,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,450	37,240	35,210	81.6	84.6	78.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	27,800	34,000	40,000	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,460	34,625	31,835	74.9	78.7	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	30,800	36,000	40,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,820	37,050	38,775	85.4	84.2	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	4,000	9,100	6,450	4,000	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,020	3,140	5,880	10.2	7.1	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	5,960	5,760	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,780	16,165	16,610	36.9	36.7	37.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,620	40,985	41,635	93.3	93.4	93.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	51,350	41,760	46,520	51,350	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,665	41,000	41,660	93.4	93.5	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040	43,320	36,800	40,040	43,320	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,160	37,060	35,100	81.5	84.5	78.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,480	36,560	43,200	49,480	36,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,145	34,485	31,660	74.7	78.6	70.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	50,200	38,160	44,440	50,200	38,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,695	36,950	38,745	85.5	84.2	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	7,340	11,750	9,600	7,340	11,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,970	3,100	5,870	10.1	7.1	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,070	7,680	7,130	6,070	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,775	16,050	16,720	37.0	36.6	37.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,860	9,520	9,200	8,860	9,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,190	18,035	13,160	35.2	41.1	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	66,000	56,000	61,200	66,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	70,600	61,250	66,700	70,600	61,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,895	11,750	13,145	28.1	26.8	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,200	16,200	18,600	21,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,920	30,240	23,940	26,920	30,240	23,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	87.2	73.8	81.0	87.2	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.4	82.2	69.4	76.4	82.2	69.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	12.9	26.2	18.9	12.9	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	0.9	2.6	1.7	0.9	2.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.7	7.2	10.5	8.7	7.2	10.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.8	6.8	9.2	7.8	6.8	9.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,770	44,010	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,940	2,920	3,020	6.7	6.6	6.7
With total income	82,825	41,090	41,740	93.3	93.4	93.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,190	3,970	5,220	11.1	9.7	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,450	4,920	5,530	12.6	12.0	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,045	6,285	6,760	15.8	15.3	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,815	4,920	5,895	13.1	12.0	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,835	3,920	4,915	10.7	9.5	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,125	3,295	3,825	8.6	8.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,560	2,750	2,810	6.7	6.7	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,355	2,395	1,960	5.3	5.8	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,680	2,200	1,475	4.4	5.4	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	1,695	1,055	3.3	4.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	7,025	4,725	2,300	8.5	11.5	5.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,790	3,785	2,005	7.0	9.2	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,230	940	290	1.5	2.3	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,770	44,010	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,905	2,910	2,995	6.7	6.6	6.7
With after-tax income	82,860	41,100	41,755	93.3	93.4	93.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,285	4,015	5,270	11.2	9.8	12.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,915	5,195	5,720	13.2	12.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,780	7,100	7,680	17.8	17.3	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,405	5,650	6,755	15.0	13.7	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,285	4,750	5,535	12.4	11.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,605	3,755	3,855	9.2	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,905	3,265	2,640	7.1	7.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,280	2,570	1,715	5.2	6.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,135	1,860	1,275	3.8	4.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,215	615	2.2	3.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,430	1,725	700	2.9	4.2	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	1,135	510	2.0	2.8	1.2
$125,000 and over	780	590	190	0.9	1.4	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,770	44,010	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,310	9,390	12,920	25.1	21.3	28.9
With employment income	66,460	34,625	31,835	74.9	78.7	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,820	3,505	4,315	11.8	10.1	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	6,185	2,675	3,510	9.3	7.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,580	4,105	4,475	12.9	11.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	7,080	3,740	3,340	10.7	10.8	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,060	2,980	3,085	9.1	8.6	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,015	2,800	3,215	9.1	8.1	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,150	2,575	2,580	7.8	7.4	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,300	2,310	1,990	6.5	6.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,665	2,190	1,475	5.5	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,125	1,975	1,150	4.7	5.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	1,530	890	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	6,050	4,235	1,820	9.1	12.2	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,695	2,435	1,260	5.6	7.0	4.0
$125,000 and over	2,360	1,805	560	3.6	5.2	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,770	44,010	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,815	39,475	40,335	89.9	89.7	90.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	31,200	34,800	39,200	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,820	39,475	40,340	89.9	89.7	90.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	29,600	32,400	35,600	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,600	36,245	34,355	79.5	82.4	76.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,200	30,400	35,200	41,200	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,565	34,135	31,435	73.9	77.6	70.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	32,400	36,000	41,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,350	34,050	36,300	79.2	77.4	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,220	670	3,600	1,220	670	3,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,890	1,720	4,170	6.6	3.9	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,040	6,900	6,240	5,040	6,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,490	39,205	40,280	89.8	89.4	90.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	48,480	37,920	43,120	48,480	37,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,500	39,205	40,295	89.8	89.4	90.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,120	40,840	33,440	37,120	40,840	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,170	35,900	34,270	79.2	81.8	76.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,040	37,080	43,720	50,040	37,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,195	33,870	31,330	73.6	77.2	70.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	50,200	37,920	44,280	50,200	37,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,520	34,010	36,515	79.6	77.5	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,116	3,056	7,040	5,116	3,056	7,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,840	1,630	4,215	6.6	3.7	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,080	6,005	8,880	8,080	6,005	8,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,800	17,805	12,995	34.8	40.6	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,200	50,400	56,400	61,200	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,900	66,700	55,250	61,900	66,700	55,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,175	11,035	12,135	26.2	25.2	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	26,000	22,200	24,200	26,000	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,640	35,240	28,360	31,640	35,240	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	94.6	83.2	89.4	94.6	83.2
Employment income (%)	84.2	89.4	77.8	84.2	89.4	77.8
Government transfers (%)	10.5	5.5	16.8	10.5	5.5	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.5	2.5	1.4	0.5	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,200	...	...	56,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	205	...	...	0.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...	0.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	360	...	...	1.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	410	...	...	1.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	470	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,190	...	...	4.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,425	...	...	4.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,705	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,725	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,095	...	...	65.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,765	...	...	16.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,430	...	...	15.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,840	...	...	19.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,065	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...	0.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...	0.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	1.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	415	...	...	1.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	1.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	570	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,475	...	...	5.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,920	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,115	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,355	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425	...	...	8.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,405	...	...	55.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,715	...	...	19.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,380	...	...	14.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,315	...	...	21.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	19,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,580	4,250	2,330	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	28,400	33,200	30,200	28,400	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	27,000	31,400	28,800	27,000	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...	113,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,460	4,065	2,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,360	37,760	42,080	39,360	37,760	42,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	32,640	36,360	34,000	32,640	36,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,220	56,980	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,320	15,435	14,885	26.5	27.1	26.0
0 to 5 years	9,880	5,050	4,825	8.6	8.9	8.4
18 to 64 years	75,110	37,415	37,700	65.8	65.7	65.9
65 years and over	8,790	4,125	4,660	7.7	7.2	8.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,125	3,160	2,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,140	1,020	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	725	370	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,470	1,800	1,675	...	...	...
65 years and over	495	225	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.5	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.4	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.4
65 years and over (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,220	56,980	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,320	15,435	14,885	26.5	27.1	26.0
0 to 5 years	9,880	5,050	4,825	8.6	8.9	8.4
18 to 64 years	75,110	37,415	37,700	65.8	65.7	65.9
65 years and over	8,790	4,125	4,660	7.7	7.2	8.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,995	2,915	2,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,030	505	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	330	150	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,765	2,315	1,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	205	100	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	5.1	3.6	4.4	5.1	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	6.2	3.8	5.0	6.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,225	56,980	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,985	26,185	25,800	45.5	46.0	45.1
In bottom decile	7,130	4,040	3,090	6.2	7.1	5.4
In second decile	8,705	4,345	4,355	7.6	7.6	7.6
In third decile	11,400	5,620	5,775	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fourth decile	11,640	5,770	5,880	10.2	10.1	10.3
In fifth decile	13,110	6,410	6,700	11.5	11.2	11.7
In top half of the distribution	62,240	30,795	31,445	54.5	54.0	54.9
In sixth decile	14,000	6,855	7,140	12.3	12.0	12.5
In seventh decile	14,215	7,025	7,185	12.4	12.3	12.6
In eighth decile	14,220	7,020	7,200	12.4	12.3	12.6
In ninth decile	12,965	6,445	6,520	11.4	11.3	11.4
In top decile	6,840	3,445	3,390	6.0	6.0	5.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,225	...	...	114,225	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.252	...	...	0.252	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.352	...	...	0.352	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.224	...	...	0.224	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	103,345	52,460	50,880	90.5	92.1	88.9
French only	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,650	2,485	3,165	4.9	4.4	5.5
Neither English nor French	5,130	1,995	3,135	4.5	3.5	5.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	107,380	54,195	53,190	94.0	95.1	92.9
French	955	440	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	880	415	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	5,040	1,940	3,095	4.4	3.4	5.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,860	51,295	51,560	90.0	90.0	90.1
Official languages	48,295	23,865	24,435	42.3	41.9	42.7
English	47,475	23,480	24,000	41.6	41.2	41.9
French	815	380	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	54,560	27,435	27,130	47.8	48.1	47.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	54,560	27,430	27,125	47.8	48.1	47.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,130	570	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,000	505	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	720	375	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	315	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	660	290	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,110	905	1,205	1.8	1.6	2.1
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,850	790	1,060	1.6	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,305	2,670	2,635	4.6	4.7	4.6
Kannada	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	980	505	480	0.9	0.9	0.8
Tamil	3,150	1,560	1,595	2.8	2.7	2.8
Telugu	940	490	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Tulu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	43,125	21,930	21,195	37.7	38.5	37.0
Albanian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	910	410	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	410	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	500	230	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	38,985	20,005	18,980	34.1	35.1	33.1
Indo-Aryan languages	38,220	19,625	18,600	33.5	34.4	32.5
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	660	335	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Gujarati	4,015	2,000	2,010	3.5	3.5	3.5
Hindi	4,535	2,265	2,270	4.0	4.0	4.0
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	290	140	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nepali	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Odia	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,925	12,040	10,890	20.1	21.1	19.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	4,895	2,420	2,475	4.3	4.2	4.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	765	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,065	1,450	1,620	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	1,420	670	750	1.2	1.2	1.3
Romanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,170	550	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,065	515	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Akan (Twi)	475	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	690	325	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	665	315	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	380	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,395	5,695	5,700	10.0	10.0	10.0
English and French	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10,065	5,055	5,005	8.8	8.9	8.7
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	710	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,990	22,760	23,225	40.3	39.9	40.6
French	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	17,190	8,485	8,705	15.0	14.9	15.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,190	8,485	8,710	15.0	14.9	15.2
English and French	870	380	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	46,360	23,585	22,775	40.6	41.4	39.8
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,275	565	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	2,135	1,010	1,125	1.9	1.8	2.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,885	49,820	50,060	87.4	87.4	87.4
Official languages	61,525	30,435	31,090	53.9	53.4	54.3
English	60,960	30,170	30,790	53.4	52.9	53.8
French	565	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	38,365	19,390	18,975	33.6	34.0	33.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	38,360	19,390	18,975	33.6	34.0	33.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	530	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	380	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	220	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	465	210	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,080	490	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	975	440	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,800	1,885	1,910	3.3	3.3	3.3
Kannada	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	630	315	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Tamil	2,410	1,175	1,230	2.1	2.1	2.1
Telugu	630	325	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	31,345	15,995	15,350	27.4	28.1	26.8
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	495	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	495	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	29,500	15,110	14,390	25.8	26.5	25.1
Indo-Aryan languages	29,000	14,870	14,130	25.4	26.1	24.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	425	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	2,900	1,440	1,465	2.5	2.5	2.6
Hindi	3,100	1,540	1,560	2.7	2.7	2.7
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,580	9,715	8,870	16.3	17.0	15.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,320	1,635	1,690	2.9	2.9	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	495	245	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	350	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,300	615	690	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	540	265	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	630	295	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	175	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	14,365	7,170	7,195	12.6	12.6	12.6
English and French	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	13,665	6,845	6,815	12.0	12.0	11.9
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,250	56,990	57,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	73,915	36,545	37,370	64.7	64.1	65.3
English	14,770	7,580	7,185	12.9	13.3	12.5
French	840	380	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	16,700	8,360	8,345	14.6	14.7	14.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,700	8,360	8,340	14.6	14.7	14.6
English and French	180	85	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,460	2,385	2,070	3.9	4.2	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	500	190	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	2,840	1,445	1,395	2.5	2.5	2.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,815	56,745	57,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,695	54,835	53,865	95.5	96.6	94.4
English	108,570	54,790	53,780	95.4	96.6	94.2
French	5,640	2,555	3,080	5.0	4.5	5.4
Non-official languages	75,060	37,575	37,485	65.9	66.2	65.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75,060	37,575	37,485	65.9	66.2	65.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,710	905	805	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,525	830	695	1.3	1.5	1.2
Amharic	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,305	720	590	1.1	1.3	1.0
Aramaic languages	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	385	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	855	375	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,760	1,125	1,635	2.4	2.0	2.9
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,675	1,090	1,585	2.4	1.9	2.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	865	370	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morisyen	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	290	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	8,520	4,300	4,215	7.5	7.6	7.4
Kannada	605	315	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Malayalam	1,590	815	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
Tamil	5,140	2,600	2,535	4.5	4.6	4.4
Telugu	1,900	965	935	1.7	1.7	1.6
Tulu	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	59,235	30,135	29,100	52.0	53.1	51.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,105	520	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,105	520	590	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	575	245	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	53,185	27,240	25,940	46.7	48.0	45.5
Indo-Aryan languages	52,405	26,935	25,465	46.0	47.5	44.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,020	515	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	4.7	4.8	4.7
Hindi	23,375	11,945	11,430	20.5	21.1	20.0
Kacchi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	815	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nepali	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Odia	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	32,630	17,055	15,575	28.7	30.1	27.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	195	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	595	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Urdu	8,045	4,040	4,010	7.1	7.1	7.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	255	155	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian languages	1,120	520	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	305	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian languages	905	420	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Dari	740	330	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian Persian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages	4,905	2,365	2,535	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	885	475	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Portuguese	2,380	1,120	1,255	2.1	2.0	2.2
Romanian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,765	815	950	1.6	1.4	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,790	1,310	1,480	2.5	2.3	2.6
Akan (Twi)	835	400	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ganda	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	985	465	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	915	450	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	900	440	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hakka	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	455	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	515	235	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,815	56,740	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	365	140	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	345	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	113,450	56,605	56,845	99.7	99.8	99.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,815	56,740	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,745	56,715	57,030	99.9	100.0	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,050	...	...	85.8	...	...
Renter	4,150	...	...	14.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,315	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not condominium	27,885	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	635	...	...	2.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,515	...	...	5.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,070	...	...	34.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,780	...	...	57.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,500	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,730	...	...	19.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,585	...	...	19.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,630	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,745	...	...	30.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,775	...	...	91.7	...	...
More than one person per room	2,420	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,615	...	...	87.7	...	...
Not suitable	3,580	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,880	...	...	6.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,910	...	...	33.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,685	...	...	16.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,030	...	...	17.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,235	...	...	24.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	28,785	...	...	98.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	415	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,670	...	...	29.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,020	...	...	54.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,510	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	480	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,445	...	...	15.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,725	...	...	29.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,835	...	...	26.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,995	...	...	17.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,040	...	...	7.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	540	...	...	1.8	...	...
85 years and over	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	29,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,920	...	...	64.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,220	...	...	35.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,560	...	...	32.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,160	...	...	45.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,215	...	...	31.6	...	...
Not suitable only	2,655	...	...	9.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	250	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	875	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,030	...	...	54.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	28,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,780	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	25,700	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	89.0	...	...	89.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,680	...	...	2,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,628	...	...	2,628	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	986,000	...	...	986,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,145	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.2	...	...	43.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,400	...	...	2,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,182	...	...	2,182	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,815	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	335	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,340	56,540	56,800	99.6	99.6	99.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,815	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,775	42,980	43,795	76.2	75.7	76.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,070	13,930	13,140	23.8	24.5	23.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	59,710	29,055	30,655	52.5	51.2	53.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,040	13,760	13,280	23.8	24.2	23.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,815	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	43,610	22,040	21,575	38.3	38.8	37.8
Immigrants⁸¹	63,815	30,940	32,875	56.1	54.5	57.6
Before 1980	4,035	1,805	2,235	3.5	3.2	3.9
1980 to 1990	5,475	2,605	2,875	4.8	4.6	5.0
1991 to 2000	12,445	5,890	6,555	10.9	10.4	11.5
2001 to 2010	19,890	9,700	10,190	17.5	17.1	17.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	21,975	10,950	11,025	19.3	19.3	19.3
2011 to 2015	10,235	5,135	5,100	9.0	9.0	8.9
2016 to 2021	11,740	5,805	5,925	10.3	10.2	10.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,390	3,755	2,625	5.6	6.6	4.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	63,815	30,945	32,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,035	2,480	2,555	7.9	8.0	7.8
5 to 14 years	9,270	4,585	4,690	14.5	14.8	14.3
15 to 24 years	13,040	5,715	7,325	20.4	18.5	22.3
25 to 44 years	29,380	14,955	14,425	46.0	48.3	43.9
45 years and over	7,095	3,220	3,875	11.1	10.4	11.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	63,815	30,945	32,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10,900	4,760	6,135	17.1	15.4	18.7
Brazil	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	2,300	1,020	1,280	3.6	3.3	3.9
Haiti	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	4,915	2,055	2,860	7.7	6.6	8.7
Mexico	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	1,325	630	695	2.1	2.0	2.1
United States of America	670	315	355	1.0	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,205	520	685	1.9	1.7	2.1
Europe	3,360	1,630	1,735	5.3	5.3	5.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Greece	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	370	205	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Netherlands	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	405	175	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portugal	1,180	555	630	1.8	1.8	1.9
Romania	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	635	335	295	1.0	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	240	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	4,085	2,015	2,070	6.4	6.5	6.3
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	160	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	1,675	820	855	2.6	2.6	2.6
Somalia	105	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,855	940	920	2.9	3.0	2.8
Asia	45,370	22,495	22,875	71.1	72.7	69.6
Afghanistan	555	250	305	0.9	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	280	140	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanon	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	360	155	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	2,820	1,190	1,630	4.4	3.8	5.0
Viet Nam	705	325	385	1.1	1.1	1.2
Bangladesh	480	235	245	0.8	0.8	0.7
India	31,375	15,855	15,515	49.2	51.2	47.2
Pakistan	4,195	2,110	2,085	6.6	6.8	6.3
Sri Lanka	2,780	1,380	1,400	4.4	4.5	4.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,330	620	715	2.1	2.0	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	11,735	5,805	5,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	840	395	445	7.2	6.8	7.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	340	170	170	2.9	2.9	2.9
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	235	110	125	2.0	1.9	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	210	95	115	1.8	1.6	1.9
Europe	115	65	45	1.0	1.1	0.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Africa	760	355	405	6.5	6.1	6.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	540	265	275	4.6	4.6	4.6
Somalia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	30	80	0.9	0.5	1.3
Asia	10,010	4,990	5,015	85.3	86.0	84.6
Afghanistan	70	0	55	0.6	0.0	0.9
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	15	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	8,840	4,510	4,335	75.3	77.7	73.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	95	35	55	0.8	0.6	0.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	40	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	375	170	205	3.2	2.9	3.5
Philippines	150	35	115	1.3	0.6	1.9
Saudi Arabia	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	170	85	85	1.4	1.5	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	30	0.6	0.5	0.5
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,815	56,740	57,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	70,725	35,010	35,715	62.1	61.7	62.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	35,940	18,250	17,690	31.6	32.2	31.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,150	3,480	3,665	6.3	6.1	6.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	59,775	29,145	30,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	29,485	15,635	13,850	49.3	53.6	45.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	12,520	8,610	3,915	20.9	29.5	12.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,965	7,030	9,930	28.4	24.1	32.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	24,335	10,335	14,000	40.7	35.5	45.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,200	2,795	2,405	8.7	9.6	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	760	370	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	59,775	29,145	30,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	3,620	2,095	1,525	6.1	7.2	5.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,400	2,335	2,070	7.4	8.0	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	585	300	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,580	2,350	1,230	6.0	8.1	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	230	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	47,375	21,950	25,425	79.3	75.3	83.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,810	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	100,760	50,360	50,400	88.5	88.7	88.3
South Asian	65,320	33,400	31,915	57.4	58.9	55.9
Chinese	900	455	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	19,735	9,465	10,270	17.3	16.7	18.0
Filipino	3,945	1,795	2,155	3.5	3.2	3.8
Arab	1,010	525	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Latin American	1,615	785	830	1.4	1.4	1.5
Southeast Asian	1,405	665	745	1.2	1.2	1.3
West Asian	990	480	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Korean	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,390	1,650	1,730	3.0	2.9	3.0
Multiple visible minorities	2,335	1,075	1,255	2.1	1.9	2.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,055	6,385	6,670	11.5	11.3	11.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,815	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,035	3,090	2,950	5.3	5.4	5.2
English	2,280	1,115	1,160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Irish	1,615	760	860	1.4	1.3	1.5
Scottish	1,755	845	910	1.5	1.5	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	820	395	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	905	400	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese	1,635	815	815	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italian	2,205	1,130	1,070	1.9	2.0	1.9
Indian (India)	34,685	17,575	17,110	30.5	31.0	30.0
Ukrainian	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dutch	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Polish	1,100	525	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Québécois	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	550	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	4,075	1,900	2,175	3.6	3.3	3.8
French Canadian	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Métis	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	570	330	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	3,830	1,845	1,985	3.4	3.3	3.5
American	275	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	710	295	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	5,510	2,755	2,750	4.8	4.9	4.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	3,195	1,545	1,650	2.8	2.7	2.9
Jewish	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	9,920	5,190	4,725	8.7	9.1	8.3
Vietnamese	1,125	525	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	7,170	3,370	3,800	6.3	5.9	6.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,905	960	950	1.7	1.7	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	310	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	670	285	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Danish	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sikh	7,210	3,715	3,495	6.3	6.5	6.1
Austrian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	5,670	2,935	2,735	5.0	5.2	4.8
Mexican	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	2,425	1,205	1,220	2.1	2.1	2.1
Croatian	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,275	1,680	1,595	2.9	3.0	2.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	915	485	425	0.8	0.9	0.7
Egyptian	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	2,250	1,125	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	2,525	1,175	1,350	2.2	2.1	2.4
Afghan	980	425	555	0.9	0.7	1.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,540	690	855	1.4	1.2	1.5
Serbian	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	140	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,375	670	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
Turkish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	490	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,335	660	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	1,600	745	855	1.4	1.3	1.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	990	470	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,315	625	690	1.2	1.1	1.2
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	345	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	860	435	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	305	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	1,135	560	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	540	275	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	875	450	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
Barbadian	255	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
African American	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guatemalan	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	880	455	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	125	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	305	140	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Malayali	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chaldean	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	290	140	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ugandan	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,810	56,745	57,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,140	490	645	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	38,245	18,060	20,185	33.6	31.8	35.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,030	5,215	5,820	9.7	9.2	10.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	885	380	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baptist	725	345	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catholic	17,885	8,530	9,355	15.7	15.0	16.4
Christian Orthodox	595	310	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	485	200	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,815	1,790	2,025	3.4	3.2	3.5
Presbyterian	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Reformed	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	495	175	320	0.4	0.3	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,715	790	930	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hindu	24,410	12,525	11,885	21.4	22.1	20.8
Jewish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	11,955	5,950	6,000	10.5	10.5	10.5
Sikh	28,095	14,480	13,615	24.7	25.5	23.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	575	305	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	9,340	4,895	4,440	8.2	8.6	7.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,210	55,960	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,965	47,045	47,920	84.6	84.1	85.2
Movers	17,245	8,915	8,325	15.4	15.9	14.8
Non-migrants	12,160	6,315	5,845	10.8	11.3	10.4
Migrants	5,080	2,600	2,480	4.5	4.6	4.4
Internal migrants	3,485	1,790	1,695	3.1	3.2	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,135	1,610	1,525	2.8	2.9	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	355	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,595	805	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,695	52,690	53,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,755	26,355	27,400	50.9	50.0	51.7
Movers	51,940	26,335	25,605	49.1	50.0	48.3
Non-migrants	25,800	13,025	12,770	24.4	24.7	24.1
Migrants	26,140	13,310	12,830	24.7	25.3	24.2
Internal migrants	13,255	6,800	6,460	12.5	12.9	12.2
Intraprovincial migrants	11,565	5,865	5,700	10.9	11.1	10.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,690	935	755	1.6	1.8	1.4
External migrants	12,885	6,510	6,375	12.2	12.4	12.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,545	43,870	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,880	6,785	7,100	15.7	15.5	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,665	37,090	37,580	84.3	84.5	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,580	30,605	31,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,040	3,135	2,905	9.7	10.2	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,545	27,470	29,075	90.4	89.8	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,550	43,875	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,235	6,470	6,765	14.9	14.7	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,555	12,380	11,170	26.6	28.2	25.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,760	25,020	26,735	58.5	57.0	59.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,890	10,575	10,310	23.6	24.1	23.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,975	1,910	1,065	3.4	4.4	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,735	1,060	680	2.0	2.4	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,245	855	390	1.4	1.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,115	7,320	7,790	17.1	16.7	17.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,795	1,345	1,455	3.2	3.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,865	14,440	16,425	34.9	32.9	36.8
Bachelor's degree	19,585	9,200	10,380	22.1	21.0	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,845	935	905	2.1	2.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	600	195	400	0.7	0.4	0.9
Master's degree	8,510	3,895	4,610	9.6	8.9	10.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	340	210	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,580	30,605	31,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,535	2,880	2,655	8.8	9.4	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,705	7,230	6,480	21.9	23.6	20.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,340	20,495	22,845	69.3	67.0	71.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,125	7,875	8,245	25.8	25.7	25.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,305	1,485	815	3.7	4.9	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,280	765	510	2.0	2.5	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,025	715	310	1.6	2.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,735	5,415	6,325	18.8	17.7	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,080	980	1,100	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,220	12,625	14,595	43.5	41.3	45.6
Bachelor's degree	16,745	7,810	8,940	26.8	25.5	28.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,620	820	795	2.6	2.7	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	560	175	385	0.9	0.6	1.2
Master's degree	7,995	3,635	4,360	12.8	11.9	13.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	185	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,790	18,850	17,935	41.5	43.0	40.1
Education	1,650	255	1,390	1.9	0.6	3.1
13. Education	1,650	255	1,390	1.9	0.6	3.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,030	465	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	105	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	905	355	550	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,640	1,200	2,440	4.1	2.7	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	45	220	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	465	105	365	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,360	830	1,530	2.7	1.9	3.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	270	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,075	1,515	3,560	5.7	3.5	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	175	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080	90	990	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	860	280	580	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	540	120	420	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	2,015	800	1,220	2.3	1.8	2.7
Business, management and public administration	14,160	6,715	7,445	16.0	15.3	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	185	600	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,360	6,525	6,835	15.1	14.9	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,785	1,105	1,680	3.1	2.5	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,045	340	705	1.2	0.8	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	970	420	550	1.1	1.0	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	295	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,110	3,210	1,895	5.8	7.3	4.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,660	3,000	1,660	5.3	6.8	3.7
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	365	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,610	8,205	1,405	10.9	18.7	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	235	140	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	4,740	3,735	1,005	5.4	8.5	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,215	1,950	265	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	705	695	10	0.8	1.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,180	1,165	15	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	530	520	15	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	265	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	215	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,385	1,255	5,130	7.2	2.9	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	200	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,940	1,030	4,905	6.7	2.3	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,830	835	1,000	2.1	1.9	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	970	215	760	1.1	0.5	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	575	365	210	0.6	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	245	30	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,580	30,605	31,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,240	10,105	9,135	30.7	33.0	28.6
Education	1,330	195	1,135	2.1	0.6	3.5
13. Education	1,330	195	1,135	2.1	0.6	3.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	355	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	85	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	705	270	430	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	2,920	880	2,040	4.7	2.9	6.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	40	175	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	395	75	310	0.6	0.2	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,875	595	1,280	3.0	1.9	4.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
54. History	230	100	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,160	1,215	2,945	6.6	4.0	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	145	240	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	55	760	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	705	215	490	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	465	115	350	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,690	645	1,045	2.7	2.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	12,125	5,550	6,575	19.4	18.1	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	155	505	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,445	5,390	6,060	18.3	17.6	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,110	785	1,325	3.4	2.6	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	225	520	1.2	0.7	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	290	460	1.2	0.9	1.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	480	230	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,620	2,845	1,785	7.4	9.3	5.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,210	2,645	1,565	6.7	8.6	4.9
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	335	155	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,095	6,825	1,270	12.9	22.3	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	210	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	4,235	3,295	935	6.8	10.8	2.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,720	1,505	210	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	590	585	10	0.9	1.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	930	915	10	1.5	3.0	0.0
48. Precision production	400	390	10	0.6	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	370	200	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	170	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	5,425	1,045	4,385	8.7	3.4	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	130	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,135	890	4,250	8.2	2.9	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,385	610	780	2.2	2.0	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	745	145	595	1.2	0.5	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	420	260	160	0.7	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	200	20	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,580	30,605	31,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,240	10,105	9,135	30.7	33.0	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,340	20,495	22,845	69.3	67.0	71.4
Location of study inside Canada	20,700	9,590	11,120	33.1	31.3	34.8
Same as province or territory of residence	19,755	9,115	10,640	31.6	29.8	33.3
Different than province or territory of residence	950	470	475	1.5	1.5	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	22,635	10,910	11,725	36.2	35.6	36.7
Americas	1,935	965	975	3.1	3.2	3.0
United States of America	790	425	365	1.3	1.4	1.1
Mexico	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	465	200	265	0.7	0.7	0.8
Brazil	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	505	245	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Europe	900	525	380	1.4	1.7	1.2
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515	270	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	940	455	490	1.5	1.5	1.5
Nigeria	605	300	305	1.0	1.0	1.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	260	115	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	18,715	8,885	9,830	29.9	29.0	30.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,070	390	680	1.7	1.3	2.1
Viet Nam	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	15,255	7,295	7,955	24.4	23.8	24.9
Pakistan	1,350	670	680	2.2	2.2	2.1
Other locations of study in Asia	240	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,550	43,870	44,675	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,915	33,515	29,405	...	...	...
Employed	55,055	30,230	24,825	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,860	3,285	4,580	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,630	10,360	15,275	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.1	76.4	65.8	71.1	76.4	65.8
Employment rate	62.2	68.9	55.6	62.2	68.9	55.6
Unemployment rate	12.5	9.8	15.6	12.5	9.8	15.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,550	43,870	44,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,855	12,635	17,215	33.7	28.8	38.5
Worked	58,695	31,235	27,455	66.3	71.2	61.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,030	18,585	13,450	36.2	42.4	30.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,660	12,655	14,015	30.1	28.8	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	42.2	38.6	40.5	42.2	38.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,920	33,510	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,260	945	1,320	3.6	2.8	4.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,655	32,570	28,085	96.4	97.2	95.5
Employee	51,040	25,290	25,745	81.1	75.5	87.6
Permanent position	42,630	21,545	21,085	67.8	64.3	71.7
Temporary position	8,410	3,745	4,660	13.4	11.2	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,595	1,165	1,430	4.1	3.5	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,810	2,580	3,230	9.2	7.7	11.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,615	7,280	2,340	15.3	21.7	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,920	33,510	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,260	945	1,320	3.6	2.8	4.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,655	32,570	28,085	96.4	97.2	95.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	265	205	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,725	4,405	7,320	18.6	13.1	24.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,815	5,525	2,285	12.4	16.5	7.8
3 Health occupations	3,940	580	3,360	6.3	1.7	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,635	1,220	3,420	7.4	3.6	11.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	750	365	385	1.2	1.1	1.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,585	6,050	7,535	21.6	18.1	25.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,565	11,635	1,930	21.6	34.7	6.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	230	170	65	0.4	0.5	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,140	2,415	1,725	6.6	7.2	5.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,920	33,510	29,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,260	945	1,320	3.6	2.8	4.5
All industries¹⁹¹	60,655	32,570	28,085	96.4	97.2	95.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	280	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
23 Construction	3,200	2,745	455	5.1	8.2	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,160	4,055	2,105	9.8	12.1	7.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,255	1,240	1,015	3.6	3.7	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,245	3,630	3,620	11.5	10.8	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,870	7,345	2,525	15.7	21.9	8.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,440	870	570	2.3	2.6	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	4,645	2,110	2,540	7.4	6.3	8.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,125	645	475	1.8	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,905	3,490	2,410	9.4	10.4	8.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	270	145	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,995	1,515	1,485	4.8	4.5	5.1
61 Educational services	2,790	710	2,080	4.4	2.1	7.1
62 Health care and social assistance	5,690	805	4,885	9.0	2.4	16.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	430	215	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,600	1,095	1,505	4.1	3.3	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,695	850	845	2.7	2.5	2.9
91 Public administration	1,885	830	1,055	3.0	2.5	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,515	34,715	30,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,550	30,780	27,775	89.4	88.7	90.2
French	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	770	405	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	770	405	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	625	280	350	1.0	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,420	3,200	2,215	8.3	9.2	7.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,515	34,715	30,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,225	33,925	30,305	98.0	97.7	98.4
Official languages	62,625	32,990	29,640	95.6	95.0	96.2
English	62,470	32,935	29,535	95.4	94.9	95.9
French	155	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	1,600	940	660	2.4	2.7	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,600	940	660	2.4	2.7	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,460	885	575	2.2	2.5	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,380	840	540	2.1	2.4	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,370	840	530	2.1	2.4	1.7
Bengali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,105	720	390	1.7	2.1	1.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,290	790	500	2.0	2.3	1.6
English and French	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,140	730	410	1.7	2.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,515	34,715	30,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,530	31,900	28,630	92.4	91.9	93.0
English	800	515	285	1.2	1.5	0.9
French	425	200	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,775	1,600	1,170	4.2	4.6	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,775	1,600	1,170	4.2	4.6	3.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	870	450	420	1.3	1.3	1.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,055	30,225	24,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,030	6,795	7,240	25.5	22.5	29.2
Worked outside Canada	350	290	60	0.6	1.0	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,795	6,615	2,180	16.0	21.9	8.8
Usual place of work	31,875	16,525	15,350	57.9	54.7	61.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,875	16,525	15,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,265	6,020	7,245	41.6	36.4	47.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,605	5,260	4,340	30.1	31.8	28.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,965	5,220	3,745	28.1	31.6	24.4
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,670	23,145	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,375	20,975	14,395	87.0	90.6	82.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,885	19,675	12,210	78.4	85.0	69.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,490	1,305	2,185	8.6	5.6	12.5
Public transit	3,820	1,585	2,240	9.4	6.8	12.8
Walked	455	135	320	1.1	0.6	1.8
Bicycle	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other method	970	420	550	2.4	1.8	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,670	23,145	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,190	1,835	2,355	10.3	7.9	13.4
15 to 29 minutes	12,145	6,785	5,365	29.9	29.3	30.6
30 to 44 minutes	13,860	8,510	5,350	34.1	36.8	30.5
45 to 59 minutes	4,705	2,725	1,980	11.6	11.8	11.3
60 minutes and over	5,770	3,295	2,475	14.2	14.2	14.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,670	23,145	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,600	2,540	1,055	8.9	11.0	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,005	4,095	2,905	17.2	17.7	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,125	4,255	3,870	20.0	18.4	22.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,975	3,555	3,425	17.2	15.4	19.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,725	3,015	2,710	14.1	13.0	15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,235	5,685	3,555	22.7	24.6	20.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,820	15,690	15,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,485	1,260	1,225	8.1	8.0	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,335	14,430	13,905	91.9	92.0	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,115	11,245	10,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,040	1,035	1,005	9.2	9.2	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,460	735	725	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	295	290	2.6	2.6	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,075	10,210	9,865	90.8	90.8	90.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table