Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Skeetchestn, Indian reserve (IRI)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove Skeetchestn, Indian reserve (IRI), Census subdivision			British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove British Columbia, Province
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	242	...	...	5,000,879	...	...
Population, 2016¹	293	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 17.4	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	125	...	...	2,211,694	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	125	...	...	2,041,834	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.0	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	79.92	...	...	920,686.55	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	240	130	110	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365
0 to 14 years	50	25	25	716,900	369,250	347,650
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	216,825	111,015	105,805
5 to 9 years	25	15	10	244,290	125,810	118,485
10 to 14 years	10	0	10	255,790	132,425	123,365
15 to 64 years	155	95	60	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	253,690	131,245	122,445
20 to 24 years	5	0	5	294,650	151,505	143,145
25 to 29 years	30	20	5	337,090	170,500	166,585
30 to 34 years	20	15	5	358,585	178,925	179,660
35 to 39 years	5	10	0	353,350	175,175	178,175
40 to 44 years	5	5	5	319,740	156,480	163,260
45 to 49 years	5	5	0	310,035	149,520	160,515
50 to 54 years	15	5	10	329,005	158,540	170,460
55 to 59 years	30	5	20	356,345	172,520	183,825
60 to 64 years	30	15	10	355,130	170,210	184,920
65 years and over	40	10	25	1,016,365	473,640	542,720
65 to 69 years	20	0	15	319,405	152,705	166,700
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	272,365	130,370	141,995
75 to 79 years	0	0	0	181,075	86,060	95,015
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	121,055	55,285	65,780
85 years and over	0	0	0	122,465	49,225	73,235
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	74,315	32,315	42,005
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	36,840	13,715	23,120
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	9,790	2,865	6,925
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,515	330	1,185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.8	19.2	22.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	64.6	73.1	54.5	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	16.7	7.7	22.7	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	40.4	38.0	43.2	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	36.0	33.6	54.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Single-detached house	120	...	...	866,340	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	62,890	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	168,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	249,835	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	417,475	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	221,845	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,760	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	51,100	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1 person	50	...	...	600,705	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	719,865	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	296,200	...	...
4 persons	0	...	...	256,700	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	168,355	...	...
Number of persons in private households	240	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	195	110	85	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715
Married or living common-law	70	40	35	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280
Married	15	10	10	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000
Living common-law	60	30	25	427,970	214,680	213,285
Living common law - Never married	45	30	15	313,560	158,045	155,515
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,220	8,940	8,285
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	10	87,370	43,700	43,670
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	9,815	3,995	5,820
Not married and not living common-law	125	70	55	1,819,845	858,415	961,435
Not married and not living common law - Never married	100	60	40	1,202,625	653,345	549,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated	0	0	0	110,710	47,290	63,420
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	283,035	109,615	173,420
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	223,475	48,165	175,310
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	75	...	...	1,399,405	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	763,875	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	290,335	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	255,295	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	89,900	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	1,399,405	...	...
Total couple families	35	...	...	1,190,930	...	...
Married couples	10	...	...	977,010	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	496,240	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	480,770	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	213,925	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	64,570	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	149,355	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	208,475	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	161,820	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	20	...	...	46,655	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	240	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140
Total - Persons in census families	175	95	80	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120
Married spouses or common-law partners	75	40	30	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515
Parents in one-parent families	35	20	15	208,475	46,660	161,820
Children⁶	65	35	35	1,307,575	695,790	611,785
In a two-parent family	20	5	15	1,001,235	529,410	471,830
In a one-parent family	45	30	15	306,340	166,380	139,960
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	65	35	35	1,018,030	483,010	535,015
Living alone	45	30	20	600,705	273,740	326,960
Living with other relatives⁷	5	0	5	139,900	56,735	83,160
Living with non-relatives only	20	5	10	277,425	152,535	124,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	125	...	...	2,041,830	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	70	...	...	1,157,520	...	...
Couple-family households	35	...	...	1,002,775	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	463,945	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	538,825	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	154,745	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	75,700	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	20,325	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	79,015	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	108,570	...	...
One-person households	50	...	...	600,705	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	195	105	90	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	370,345	168,520	201,825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,106,935	526,910	580,025
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	195	105	85	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	368,410	167,495	200,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,102,145	524,940	577,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	195	105	90	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	x	x	x	1,301,410	737,105	564,300
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	x	x	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	x	x	x	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	x	x	x	1,195,830	547,835	647,995
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	x	x	x	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	x	x	x	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	x	x	x	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	x	x	x	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	x	x	x	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	x	x	x	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without total income	x	x	x	124,155	60,445	63,710
With total income	x	x	x	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	385,230	166,325	218,900
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	474,245	197,530	276,715
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	627,895	264,860	363,035
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	515,780	222,825	292,955
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	442,130	198,985	243,150
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	363,335	172,380	190,950
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	284,130	149,100	135,030
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	221,755	125,565	96,190
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	172,110	101,195	70,915
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	136,185	81,180	55,005
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	453,550	307,905	145,645
$100,000 to $149,999	x	x	x	297,440	194,595	102,850
$150,000 and over	x	x	x	156,105	113,310	42,800
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	x	x	x	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without after-tax income	x	x	x	121,690	59,120	62,575
With after-tax income	x	x	x	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	402,375	172,800	229,575
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	490,875	204,625	286,255
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	705,795	299,550	406,245
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	593,485	261,620	331,865
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	502,775	233,645	269,135
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	387,850	198,895	188,955
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	283,825	160,510	123,315
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	207,535	122,690	84,840
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	150,155	91,640	58,515
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	99,015	63,800	35,220
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	255,125	179,415	75,715
$100,000 to $124,999	x	x	x	127,025	86,835	40,195
$125,000 and over	x	x	x	128,100	92,585	35,515
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	x	x	x	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Without employment income	x	x	x	1,314,135	576,965	737,165
With employment income	x	x	x	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035
Under $5,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	397,640	182,895	214,745
$5,000 to $9,999	x	x	x	234,130	99,970	134,165
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	339,265	147,650	191,615
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	266,065	118,485	147,580
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	257,235	116,285	140,950
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	247,550	116,085	131,470
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	230,030	112,805	117,220
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	190,470	105,215	85,260
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	154,990	91,615	63,375
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	128,265	77,550	50,715
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	105,855	64,420	41,430
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	334,875	238,370	96,505
$100,000 to $124,999	x	x	x	154,515	102,955	51,560
$125,000 and over	x	x	x	180,360	135,420	44,940
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	195	105	90	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	x	x	x	258,710	115,865	142,845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	195	105	85	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	258,380	115,595	142,790
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	195	105	90	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	x	x	x	1,288,260	729,135	559,120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	x	x	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	x	x	x	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	x	x	x	1,128,665	516,540	612,120
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	x	x	x	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	x	x	x	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	x	x	x	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	x	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	600,705	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	x	...	...	1,441,130	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	x	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	600,425	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	1,441,410	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	x	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	30,080	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	13,160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	19,290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	41,735	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	82,340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	63,830	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	64,895	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	75,105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	73,975	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	73,180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	144,895	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	139,140	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	131,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	122,530	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	112,775	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	853,065	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	235,680	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	178,970	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	x	...	...	221,175	...	...
$200,000 and over	x	...	...	217,240	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	x	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	34,265	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	13,550	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	19,930	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	43,390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	86,585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	72,515	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	74,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	85,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	85,575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	85,000	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	168,315	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	160,070	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	149,385	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	136,615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	121,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	704,010	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	243,560	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	167,850	...	...
$150,000 and over	x	...	...	292,600	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	x	...	...	1,364,485	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	562,590	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	561,965	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	5.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	188,585	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	30	30	878,130	426,275	451,855
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	x	...	...	1,363,860	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	561,775	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	563,000	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	186,930	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	60	35	30	875,470	423,270	452,200
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	x	x	x	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	866,210	446,475	419,740
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	264,100	135,340	128,760
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280
65 years and over	x	x	x	964,710	454,590	510,120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	x	x	x	528,870	246,885	281,980
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	98,830	51,230	47,600
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	29,460	15,150	14,310
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	297,960	141,460	156,505
65 years and over	x	x	x	132,075	54,200	77,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	x	x	x	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	x	x	x	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	848,955	437,500	411,455
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	259,060	132,740	126,320
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435
65 years and over	x	x	x	942,860	444,195	498,660
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	x	x	x	279,035	139,265	139,770
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	44,480	23,070	21,410
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	11,690	6,045	5,640
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	201,000	101,455	99,545
65 years and over	x	x	x	33,555	14,740	18,815
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	x	x	x	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140
In bottom half of the distribution	x	x	x	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605
In bottom decile	x	x	x	516,435	247,990	268,445
In second decile	x	x	x	444,845	206,090	238,750
In third decile	x	x	x	436,965	208,575	228,385
In fourth decile	x	x	x	442,745	214,155	228,590
In fifth decile	x	x	x	459,740	224,315	235,420
In top half of the distribution	x	x	x	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535
In sixth decile	x	x	x	475,780	234,975	240,805
In seventh decile	x	x	x	494,480	246,315	248,165
In eighth decile	x	x	x	518,565	260,640	257,925
In ninth decile	x	x	x	550,860	278,965	271,890
In top decile	x	x	x	575,535	294,785	280,750
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	x	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	x	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	x	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	x	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	x	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English only	240	130	110	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070
French only	0	0	0	1,785	810	970
English and French	0	0	0	326,865	146,310	180,565
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	161,720	67,240	94,475
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English	240	130	115	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825
French	0	0	0	56,495	28,130	28,370
English and French	0	0	0	18,145	8,260	9,885
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	158,820	65,825	92,995
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
Single responses	235	120	110	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030
Official languages	230	120	110	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395
English	230	120	110	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615
French	0	0	0	57,420	28,645	28,780
Non-official languages	0	0	0	1,379,145	644,515	734,630
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	5,490	2,600	2,890
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	820	390	430
Blackfoot	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	630	310	320
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	620	305	320
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	170	75	95
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	85	55	30
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	305	150	155
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	155	65	90
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	135	55	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	30	5	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,560	710	850
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,545	705	840
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	615	280	335
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	90	40	50
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	25	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	85	45	40
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	460	210	250
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	110	55	60
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	40	20	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	50	15	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,080	510	565
Halkomelem	0	0	0	180	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	50
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	95	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	120	140
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	45
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	0	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,005	505	505
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	575	295	275
Nisga'a	0	0	0	320	155	165
Tsimshian	0	0	0	115	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	760	380	385
Haisla	0	0	0	80	30	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	295	180	115
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	215	90	125
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	1,373,655	641,910	731,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	33,195	17,710	15,485
Berber languages	0	0	0	110	70	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	70	45	30
Tamazight	0	0	0	25	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	50	35	15
Hausa	0	0	0	40	25	15
Mina	0	0	0	10	10	5
Coptic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,005	1,025	980
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	310	165	140
Somali	0	0	0	1,590	805	785
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Semitic languages	0	0	0	31,020	16,575	14,450
Amharic	0	0	0	1,620	790	835
Arabic	0	0	0	22,970	12,330	10,640
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,505	770	735
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	580	295	280
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	800	405	390
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	65	60
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	2,260	1,275	980
Maltese	0	0	0	170	85	90
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,455	1,310	1,150
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	34,145	15,270	18,875
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,530	670	865
Vietnamese	0	0	0	32,560	14,580	17,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	25	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	104,100	42,685	61,415
Bikol	0	0	0	425	180	240
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,375	550	825
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,585	1,405	2,175
Fijian	0	0	0	345	180	170
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,895	755	1,140
Ilocano	0	0	0	6,325	2,650	3,675
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,080	1,730	2,345
Kankanaey	0	0	0	200	85	120
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	125	45	80
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malay	0	0	0	365	180	185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	870	400	470
Pangasinan	0	0	0	395	165	230
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	82,835	33,800	49,045
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	300	125	175
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	945	425	525
Creole languages	0	0	0	925	465	460
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	50
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	40	25	15
Krio	0	0	0	35	20	15
Morisyen	0	0	0	375	170	205
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	100	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	90
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,260	7,225	6,035
Kannada	0	0	0	565	290	270
Malayalam	0	0	0	4,740	2,590	2,155
Tamil	0	0	0	5,055	2,645	2,405
Telugu	0	0	0	2,810	1,650	1,160
Tulu	0	0	0	70	40	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	160	95	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	657,345	321,395	335,955
Albanian	0	0	0	1,645	850	795
Armenian	0	0	0	1,350	650	695
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	81,655	37,525	44,135
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,065	475	595
Latvian	0	0	0	545	250	290
Lithuanian	0	0	0	525	220	300
Slavic languages	0	0	0	80,590	37,050	43,540
Belarusian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,025	960	1,065
Czech	0	0	0	5,855	2,770	3,090
Macedonian	0	0	0	330	170	165
Polish	0	0	0	15,810	7,190	8,625
Russian	0	0	0	28,660	12,825	15,835
Rusyn	0	0	0	25	5	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	16,425	8,055	8,365
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,655	805	855
Croatian	0	0	0	6,805	3,255	3,545
Serbian	0	0	0	7,665	3,855	3,815
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	145	155
Slovak	0	0	0	3,275	1,475	1,805
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	950	430	520
Ukrainian	0	0	0	7,120	3,120	4,000
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages	0	0	0	415	225	190
Irish	0	0	0	110	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	80	40	35
Welsh	0	0	0	200	100	100
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Germanic languages	0	0	0	84,375	39,695	44,675
Frisian	0	0	0	200	95	105
High German languages	0	0	0	53,255	24,820	28,435
German	0	0	0	50,695	23,575	27,125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	15	10	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	2,330	1,130	1,205
Yiddish	0	0	0	215	110	105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	23,295	11,250	12,040
Afrikaans	0	0	0	3,700	1,830	1,870
Dutch	0	0	0	17,345	8,325	9,020
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	100	130
Low Saxon	0	0	0	110	60	50
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,580	775	810
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	320	165	155
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	7,530	3,465	4,060
Danish	0	0	0	3,625	1,700	1,925
Icelandic	0	0	0	215	100	115
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,520	720	795
Swedish	0	0	0	2,175	940	1,230
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	60	35
Greek	0	0	0	5,545	2,925	2,625
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	368,635	184,325	184,310
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	306,465	153,205	153,260
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	35
Bengali	0	0	0	4,765	2,640	2,125
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,250	4,130	4,120
Hindi	0	0	0	32,390	16,270	16,120
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,195	510	680
Kashmiri	0	0	0	80	50	30
Konkani	0	0	0	280	145	135
Marathi	0	0	0	1,605	840	770
Nepali	0	0	0	1,725	900	825
Oriya languages	0	0	0	110	55	55
Odia	0	0	0	65	40	30
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	240,865	119,945	120,915
Rohingya	0	0	0	65	35	30
Sindhi	0	0	0	285	155	125
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,935	960	970
Urdu	0	0	0	12,210	6,195	6,015
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	625	325	305
Iranian languages	0	0	0	62,135	31,100	31,030
Baluchi	0	0	0	65	35	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,775	1,510	1,265
Parsi	0	0	0	155	85	70
Pashto	0	0	0	1,365	760	600
Persian languages	0	0	0	57,700	28,670	29,030
Dari	0	0	0	6,005	2,965	3,045
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	46,395	23,045	23,355
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,295	2,665	2,630
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	45	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	113,685	55,180	58,505
Catalan	0	0	0	200	115	90
Italian	0	0	0	19,805	10,000	9,800
Portuguese	0	0	0	24,320	11,490	12,840
Romanian	0	0	0	8,775	4,250	4,525
Spanish	0	0	0	60,465	29,260	31,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	65	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	0	0	0	22,030	7,135	14,895
Korean	0	0	0	59,935	26,815	33,125
Mongolian	0	0	0	435	185	250
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,910	2,455	2,455
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	545	300	240
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	75	35	35
Éwé	0	0	0	110	60	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ga	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ganda	0	0	0	160	75	90
Gikuyu	0	0	0	70	30	35
Igbo	0	0	0	290	150	140
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	295	145	145
Lingala	0	0	0	90	50	40
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	30	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	50	20	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	225	100	120
Shona	0	0	0	355	170	185
Soninke	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	65	25	35
Swahili	0	0	0	1,090	520	570
Wojenaka	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	50	25	25
Yoruba	0	0	0	555	305	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	735	360	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	420	215	200
Dinka	0	0	0	105	50	50
Nuer	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	120	105
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,000	560	440
American Sign Language	0	0	0	895	500	390
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	419,855	189,740	230,115
Chinese languages	0	0	0	417,290	188,495	228,795
Hakka	0	0	0	2,080	895	1,185
Mandarin	0	0	0	205,205	91,455	113,750
Min Dong	0	0	0	185	90	95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	11,780	5,240	6,540
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	3,200	1,405	1,795
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	192,140	88,195	103,945
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,560	1,155	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	60	80
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	2,485	1,205	1,280
Burmese	0	0	0	1,015	485	535
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	345	380
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	645	305	335
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	395	215	185
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,395	1,380	3,015
Lao	0	0	0	1,100	525	580
Thai	0	0	0	3,170	800	2,365
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	50	70
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,055	3,325	2,730
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	625	345	280
Kazakh	0	0	0	115	40	75
Turkish	0	0	0	4,765	2,685	2,080
Uyghur	0	0	0	240	120	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	150	70	80
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	65	95
Uralic languages	0	0	0	11,275	5,160	6,115
Estonian	0	0	0	575	235	340
Finnish	0	0	0	3,005	1,240	1,760
Hungarian	0	0	0	7,700	3,685	4,015
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	70	60
Multiple responses	15	10	0	190,055	91,010	99,040
English and French	0	0	0	17,320	8,415	8,905
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	150,730	72,755	77,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,395	1,135	1,260
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,960	1,335	1,630
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	16,645	7,375	9,270
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
English	195	105	90	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140
French	0	0	0	11,050	5,420	5,625
Non-official language	0	0	0	464,235	216,230	248,005
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	645	320	325
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	463,590	215,910	247,685
English and French	0	0	0	42,645	19,975	22,670
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	880,090	419,520	460,570
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,065	480	585
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,610	9,790	11,820
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	39,565	17,910	21,660
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
Single responses	235	125	105	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590
Official languages	235	125	105	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740
English	235	125	105	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900
French	0	0	0	17,245	8,400	8,845
Non-official languages	0	0	0	847,550	400,695	446,850
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,215	595	615
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	130	55	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	110	50	60
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	100	45	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	35
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	465	235	230
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	460	230	230
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	215	95	120
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	20	10	5
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	250	120	125
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	40	15	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	30	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	80	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	210	115	100
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	65	20	40
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	846,335	400,100	446,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	19,805	10,000	9,805
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hausa	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mina	0	0	0	5	5	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,150	570	585
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	155	80	75
Somali	0	0	0	930	455	475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Semitic languages	0	0	0	18,605	9,405	9,195
Amharic	0	0	0	765	345	415
Arabic	0	0	0	13,845	6,995	6,850
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,110	545	575
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	390	195	195
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	600	290	310
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Harari	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,030	535	500
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,810	975	840
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	21,705	9,915	11,790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	780	360	425
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20,890	9,535	11,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	54,720	24,615	30,105
Bikol	0	0	0	130	65	60
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	260	325
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,735	780	950
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	865	390	480
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,280	1,480	1,795
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,375	675	700
Kankanaey	0	0	0	105	45	60
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	55	20	30
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malay	0	0	0	55	30	25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	425	195	225
Pangasinan	0	0	0	130	55	75
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	45,380	20,305	25,080
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	65	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	175	180
Creole languages	0	0	0	430	200	230
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	25	15	10
Krio	0	0	0	20	5	10
Morisyen	0	0	0	230	110	115
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	20	35
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	8,005	4,180	3,825
Kannada	0	0	0	240	125	105
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,890	1,545	1,345
Tamil	0	0	0	3,185	1,585	1,595
Telugu	0	0	0	1,645	895	750
Tulu	0	0	0	25	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	100	60	40
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	364,340	179,590	184,745
Albanian	0	0	0	690	345	345
Armenian	0	0	0	675	315	355
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	33,875	16,185	17,690
Baltic languages	0	0	0	225	115	105
Latvian	0	0	0	90	45	45
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	70	65
Slavic languages	0	0	0	33,650	16,070	17,580
Belarusian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	900	430	465
Czech	0	0	0	1,760	875	890
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polish	0	0	0	5,250	2,470	2,785
Russian	0	0	0	16,090	7,655	8,435
Rusyn	0	0	0	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	6,745	3,270	3,480
Bosnian	0	0	0	720	345	380
Croatian	0	0	0	1,940	885	1,050
Serbian	0	0	0	4,010	1,990	2,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35
Slovak	0	0	0	1,040	510	535
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	85	35	50
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,630	755	870
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Irish	0	0	0	20	15	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	20	15	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	12,280	5,870	6,410
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
High German languages	0	0	0	7,805	3,690	4,115
German	0	0	0	7,320	3,455	3,865
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	480	230	245
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,785	1,850	1,930
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,725	850	870
Dutch	0	0	0	1,485	720	770
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	45	25	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	440	215	230
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	670	320	350
Danish	0	0	0	220	105	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	95	40	55
Swedish	0	0	0	305	145	160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Greek	0	0	0	1,915	900	1,015
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	263,030	130,695	132,330
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	220,735	110,140	110,605
Assamese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	2,720	1,410	1,305
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,160	2,050	2,115
Hindi	0	0	0	17,670	8,855	8,815
Kacchi	0	0	0	455	185	275
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	45	20	25
Marathi	0	0	0	780	400	380
Nepali	0	0	0	1,120	570	555
Oriya languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	184,065	91,825	92,240
Rohingya	0	0	0	60	30	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	940	445	495
Urdu	0	0	0	8,235	4,095	4,135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	145	125
Iranian languages	0	0	0	42,285	20,560	21,725
Baluchi	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Parsi	0	0	0	75	35	40
Pashto	0	0	0	900	490	410
Persian languages	0	0	0	39,475	19,095	20,375
Dari	0	0	0	3,690	1,785	1,900
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	32,375	15,665	16,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,405	1,640	1,765
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	51,830	25,240	26,590
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	35
Italian	0	0	0	4,475	1,930	2,545
Portuguese	0	0	0	12,670	6,055	6,615
Romanian	0	0	0	3,620	1,740	1,885
Spanish	0	0	0	30,960	15,455	15,500
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10,220	4,190	6,035
Korean	0	0	0	45,525	20,925	24,600
Mongolian	0	0	0	220	115	105
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,485	705	780
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	165	85	80
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Éwé	0	0	0	45	20	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	30	20	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10
Igbo	0	0	0	85	40	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	105	50	55
Lingala	0	0	0	25	10	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	130	60	75
Shona	0	0	0	65	35	35
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swahili	0	0	0	375	175	205
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	15	10	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	160	80	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	105	110
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Dinka	0	0	0	30	15	10
Nuer	0	0	0	20	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	50
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,720	970	745
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,390	790	605
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	310,860	141,235	169,630
Chinese languages	0	0	0	309,165	140,385	168,780
Hakka	0	0	0	605	270	335
Mandarin	0	0	0	162,130	73,835	88,295
Min Dong	0	0	0	95	45	50
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	6,285	2,850	3,440
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	2,010	930	1,080
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	136,525	61,785	74,745
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,455	650	805
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,665	830	835
Burmese	0	0	0	670	325	345
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Karenic languages	0	0	0	530	270	260
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	475	240	240
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	240	130	110
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,570	655	915
Lao	0	0	0	500	235	265
Thai	0	0	0	1,010	390	620
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	30
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,030	1,540	1,490
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	295	140	155
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	5	10
Turkish	0	0	0	2,500	1,290	1,205
Uyghur	0	0	0	125	60	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	65	30	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Uralic languages	0	0	0	2,375	1,100	1,280
Estonian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Finnish	0	0	0	500	210	290
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,815	855	955
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	15
Multiple responses	5	5	5	198,040	94,560	103,480
English and French	0	0	0	7,210	3,415	3,800
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	183,010	87,560	95,445
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	535	245	295
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,525	735	785
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,760	2,605	3,160
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	240	130	115	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075
None	200	105	95	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970
English	0	0	0	304,845	147,605	157,245
French	0	0	0	34,575	15,995	18,575
Non-official language	45	25	20	379,250	176,935	202,310
Indigenous³⁹	40	25	15	5,140	2,360	2,785
Non-Indigenous	5	0	5	374,105	174,580	199,525
English and French	0	0	0	2,740	1,245	1,490
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	46,940	22,760	24,175
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,880	5,335	6,550
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	655	300	360
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	40,580	19,180	21,395
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	240	130	115	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Official languages	240	130	115	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760
English	240	130	115	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835
French	0	0	0	327,350	145,985	181,370
Non-official languages	50	25	25	1,780,325	838,795	941,525
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	25	20	16,560	7,740	8,820
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,985	885	1,100
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	20	45
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	1,450	675	775
Atikamekw	0	0	0	15	15	10
Cree languages	0	0	0	1,425	660	770
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	95	25	70
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	435	195	245
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	160	80	80
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	745	360	385
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	65	20	40
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	60	15	40
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	440	175	260
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	15	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	400	160	240
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	80	30	45
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	50	10	40
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	115	160
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	3,540	1,580	1,955
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	3,490	1,570	1,920
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,530	675	855
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	205	100	105
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	95	110
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	85	30	50
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	235	125	105
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	220	125	95
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	855	395	465
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	245	120	130
Tlingit	0	0	0	35	15	15
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	20
Haida	0	0	0	225	80	145
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	205	100	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	175	90	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	60	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	90	45	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	190	90	105
Michif	0	0	0	240	100	140
Salish languages	45	20	20	5,145	2,450	2,695
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,400	665	735
Lillooet	0	0	0	590	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	465	270	200
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	40	15	20	1,060	475	580
Squamish	0	0	0	345	165	175
Straits	0	0	0	315	130	180
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	690	315	375
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	325	155	170
Siouan languages	0	0	0	100	60	35
Assiniboine	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	35	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,610	1,310	1,295
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,120	545	575
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,080	585	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	455	205	250
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,145	965	1,180
Haisla	0	0	0	285	145	140
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	330	160	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	790	335	460
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	685	300	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	165	185
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	285	140	145
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	1,764,475	831,400	933,075
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	50,895	27,105	23,785
Berber languages	0	0	0	235	140	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	140	90	45
Tamazight	0	0	0	65	30	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	315	155	160
Hausa	0	0	0	285	135	150
Mina	0	0	0	25	20	10
Coptic	0	0	0	60	40	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,745	1,470	1,275
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	20
Oromo	0	0	0	500	280	220
Somali	0	0	0	2,215	1,180	1,030
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	15
Semitic languages	0	0	0	48,405	25,830	22,570
Amharic	0	0	0	3,100	1,605	1,495
Arabic	0	0	0	35,595	19,250	16,355
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	2,270	1,165	1,100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	895	495	400
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	1,050	510	535
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	380	190	190
Harari	0	0	0	20	0	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	6,995	3,570	3,430
Maltese	0	0	0	270	130	150
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,435	1,890	1,550
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	44,030	19,965	24,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,210	1,020	1,190
Vietnamese	0	0	0	41,975	19,020	22,950
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	65	30	40
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	148,455	61,285	87,165
Bikol	0	0	0	810	370	445
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,655	655	1,005
Cebuano	0	0	0	5,995	2,485	3,510
Fijian	0	0	0	1,020	500	525
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,135	1,215	1,920
Ilocano	0	0	0	11,285	4,555	6,725
Indonesian	0	0	0	6,810	3,175	3,640
Kankanaey	0	0	0	330	115	215
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	200	70	130
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	100	45	60
Merina	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Malay	0	0	0	3,485	1,665	1,820
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,550	675	875
Pangasinan	0	0	0	925	375	550
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	133,780	54,495	79,285
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	865	360	505
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,590	1,580	2,005
Creole languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,610	1,615
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	470	225	245
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	265	115	155
Krio	0	0	0	160	65	90
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	520	550
Sango	0	0	0	15	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	450	385
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	280	275
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20,585	11,060	9,530
Kannada	0	0	0	1,615	885	735
Malayalam	0	0	0	6,765	3,705	3,060
Tamil	0	0	0	9,740	5,125	4,610
Telugu	0	0	0	4,860	2,760	2,095
Tulu	0	0	0	205	110	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	30
Georgian	0	0	0	240	140	95
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	160	85	80
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	906,560	443,600	462,960
Albanian	0	0	0	2,195	1,045	1,155
Armenian	0	0	0	1,600	765	830
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	101,395	47,765	53,630
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,480	695	790
Latvian	0	0	0	730	330	400
Lithuanian	0	0	0	750	365	390
Slavic languages	0	0	0	100,340	47,265	53,075
Belarusian	0	0	0	330	140	190
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,475	1,190	1,285
Czech	0	0	0	7,935	3,815	4,115
Macedonian	0	0	0	505	260	245
Polish	0	0	0	19,640	9,130	10,510
Russian	0	0	0	42,390	19,800	22,590
Rusyn	0	0	0	45	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	21,625	10,790	10,835
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,150	1,540	1,605
Croatian	0	0	0	11,060	5,345	5,715
Serbian	0	0	0	11,070	5,640	5,425
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	255	225
Slovak	0	0	0	4,315	1,945	2,370
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,280	585	695
Ukrainian	0	0	0	12,205	5,430	6,775
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,675	1,430	1,245
Irish	0	0	0	1,665	920	745
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	260	130	125
Welsh	0	0	0	610	290	320
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	100	55
Germanic languages	0	0	0	128,605	60,765	67,835
Frisian	0	0	0	375	210	165
High German languages	0	0	0	86,275	41,190	45,085
German	0	0	0	84,325	40,275	44,050
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	25	15	15
Swiss German	0	0	0	3,030	1,415	1,620
Yiddish	0	0	0	480	225	255
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	34,480	16,520	17,965
Afrikaans	0	0	0	9,755	5,050	4,705
Dutch	0	0	0	22,380	10,375	12,005
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	345	175	170
Low Saxon	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	2,180	1,055	1,130
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	405	200	205
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	12,425	5,520	6,910
Danish	0	0	0	4,950	2,235	2,720
Icelandic	0	0	0	330	130	200
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,125	1,420	1,710
Swedish	0	0	0	4,730	2,125	2,610
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	135	75
Greek	0	0	0	9,005	4,630	4,375
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	477,485	240,310	237,175
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	406,375	204,750	201,625
Assamese	0	0	0	100	55	45
Bengali	0	0	0	6,565	3,480	3,080
Gujarati	0	0	0	14,340	7,060	7,280
Hindi	0	0	0	134,950	67,645	67,300
Kacchi	0	0	0	2,925	1,295	1,630
Kashmiri	0	0	0	185	95	90
Konkani	0	0	0	775	400	370
Marathi	0	0	0	3,555	1,910	1,645
Nepali	0	0	0	2,445	1,270	1,180
Oriya languages	0	0	0	180	90	90
Odia	0	0	0	95	45	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	315,000	158,625	156,375
Rohingya	0	0	0	55	35	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	645	350	295
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,440	1,630	1,810
Urdu	0	0	0	25,780	13,590	12,190
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	855	785
Iranian languages	0	0	0	73,745	37,010	36,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	155	85	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	3,875	2,110	1,760
Parsi	0	0	0	290	115	175
Pashto	0	0	0	2,645	1,545	1,105
Persian languages	0	0	0	68,960	34,500	34,460
Dari	0	0	0	8,235	4,005	4,230
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	55,745	27,930	27,815
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,780	2,995	2,785
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	135	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	135	75
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	211,725	100,750	110,975
Catalan	0	0	0	565	270	290
Italian	0	0	0	36,370	17,200	19,170
Portuguese	0	0	0	33,005	16,050	16,955
Romanian	0	0	0	11,210	5,470	5,745
Spanish	0	0	0	143,900	68,245	75,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	380	275
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	320	135	185
Japanese	0	0	0	41,835	17,590	24,240
Korean	0	0	0	69,935	31,335	38,600
Mongolian	0	0	0	565	250	315
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,290	6,795	6,495
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,365	695	670
Bamanankan	0	0	0	65	40	25
Edo	0	0	0	175	85	90
Éwé	0	0	0	290	155	135
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	85	30	50
Ga	0	0	0	215	125	90
Ganda	0	0	0	415	205	215
Gikuyu	0	0	0	130	35	100
Igbo	0	0	0	980	485	490
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	605	280	325
Lingala	0	0	0	475	260	225
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mòoré	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	190	90	105
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	335	130	205
Shona	0	0	0	725	345	380
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	105	60	40
Swahili	0	0	0	5,205	2,735	2,475
Wojenaka	0	0	0	25	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	165	95	70
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,815	935	880
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,275	1,215	1,060
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	670	315	350
Dinka	0	0	0	115	55	60
Nuer	0	0	0	60	30	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	490	235	265
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	75	55
Sign languages	0	0	0	7,965	3,150	4,815
American Sign Language	0	0	0	7,020	2,700	4,320
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	515	595
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	491,660	225,430	266,230
Chinese languages	0	0	0	488,465	223,825	264,650
Hakka	0	0	0	3,615	1,645	1,970
Mandarin	0	0	0	312,625	140,985	171,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	215	90	130
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	24,065	10,615	13,450
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	4,760	2,020	2,740
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	246,045	112,580	133,465
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,215	1,025	1,190
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	3,375	1,710	1,665
Burmese	0	0	0	1,730	870	865
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	295	130	165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	770	375	395
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	705	340	365
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	590	320	270
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	150	125
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	95	120
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	6,725	2,635	4,085
Lao	0	0	0	1,635	735	900
Thai	0	0	0	5,310	1,960	3,350
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	95
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,910	5,605	5,305
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,665	880	790
Kazakh	0	0	0	230	70	165
Turkish	0	0	0	9,230	4,805	4,425
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	115	125
Uzbek	0	0	0	275	135	135
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	295	125	170
Uralic languages	0	0	0	13,510	6,345	7,165
Estonian	0	0	0	695	310	385
Finnish	0	0	0	3,635	1,675	1,960
Hungarian	0	0	0	9,230	4,395	4,840
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	300
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	245	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	230	115	115	290,210	141,210	148,995
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	210	105	95	279,670	136,400	143,265
First Nations (North American Indian)	195	105	90	180,085	87,860	92,225
Métis	15	0	15	97,860	47,745	50,120
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	1,720	795	925
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	5,980	2,730	3,245
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	10	4,560	2,075	2,485
Non-Indigenous identity	15	15	0	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	245	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	220	115	100	136,875	66,610	70,265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20	15	15	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Owner	75	...	...	1,363,190	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	669,450	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	45	...	...	9,190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	482,755	...	...
Not condominium	125	...	...	1,559,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	30,855	...	...
1 bedroom	10	...	...	354,020	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	569,180	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	539,910	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	547,870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15	...	...	766,380	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	300,895	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	248,045	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	205,105	...	...
8 or more rooms	40	...	...	521,410	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
One person or fewer per room	125	...	...	1,984,655	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	57,180	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Suitable	120	...	...	1,919,140	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	122,700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	256,175	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	550,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	289,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	336,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	122,855	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	164,165	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	135,725	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	185,965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	65	...	...	1,922,640	...	...
Major repairs needed	60	...	...	119,195	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
One-maintainer household	110	...	...	1,003,245	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15	...	...	904,960	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	133,630	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	125	...	...	2,041,835	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	57,980	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	282,195	...	...
35 to 44 years	0	...	...	343,380	...	...
45 to 54 years	15	...	...	354,340	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	407,735	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	347,335	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	182,155	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	66,710	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	x	...	...	1,988,210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	1,481,365	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	506,850	...	...
30% to less than 100%	x	...	...	434,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	125	...	...	2,041,830	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	683,985	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	0	...	...	451,550	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	89,300	...	...
Major repairs needed only	55	...	...	80,200	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	23,945	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	29,585	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,640	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,770	...	...
Acceptable housing	60	...	...	1,357,845	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	x	...	...	1,915,755	...	...
In core need	x	...	...	257,090	...	...
Not in core need	x	...	...	1,658,665	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	1,330,795	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	...	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	663,870	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	9,190	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	424	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	245	130	110	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	165	95	70	120,245	59,370	60,880
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	165	95	70	118,210	58,475	59,730
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	165	95	70	100,805	49,745	51,060
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	16,830	8,485	8,350
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	570	245	325
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,040	890	1,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,870	830	1,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	70	40	35
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	60	15	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	45	10	30	191,640	92,300	99,335
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	45	10	30	184,975	89,155	95,825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	10	30	123,735	59,635	64,100
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	59,905	28,840	31,070
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,330	680	655
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	6,665	3,145	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	6,390	3,035	3,360
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	170	60	110
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	80	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	30	20	10	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	...	...	...	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	...	...	...	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725
Canadian citizens aged under 18	...	...	...	812,305	418,815	393,495
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	...	...	...	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	...	...	...	556,895	267,560	289,330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	...	...	...	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	...	...	...	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410
Immigrants⁸¹	...	...	...	1,425,710	665,630	760,085
Before 1980	...	...	...	280,160	133,415	146,745
1980 to 1990	...	...	...	164,445	76,815	87,630
1991 to 2000	...	...	...	299,115	137,275	161,840
2001 to 2010	...	...	...	316,915	145,825	171,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	...	...	...	365,075	172,295	192,780
2011 to 2015	...	...	...	167,650	78,200	89,450
2016 to 2021	...	...	...	197,425	94,095	103,325
Non-permanent residents⁸³	...	...	...	171,000	87,440	83,560
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	0	0	0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085
Under 5 years	0	0	0	117,555	59,560	57,995
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	226,910	116,660	110,250
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	275,435	124,860	150,575
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	639,200	288,950	350,255
45 years and over	0	0	0	166,605	75,600	91,010
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	...	...	...	1,425,715	665,630	760,085
Americas	...	...	...	126,075	58,445	67,635
Brazil	...	...	...	8,765	4,120	4,645
Colombia	...	...	...	5,450	2,440	3,010
El Salvador	...	...	...	5,770	2,990	2,780
Guyana	...	...	...	1,400	585	815
Haiti	...	...	...	490	285	210
Jamaica	...	...	...	4,295	2,190	2,105
Mexico	...	...	...	13,385	5,910	7,480
Peru	...	...	...	3,510	1,535	1,975
Trinidad and Tobago	...	...	...	2,725	1,255	1,470
United States of America	...	...	...	59,920	27,535	32,380
Other places of birth in Americas	...	...	...	20,355	9,600	10,760
Europe	...	...	...	307,495	151,050	156,445
Bosnia and Herzegovina	...	...	...	4,510	2,205	2,305
Croatia	...	...	...	5,390	2,670	2,725
France	...	...	...	7,025	3,650	3,380
Germany	...	...	...	30,910	14,710	16,200
Greece	...	...	...	3,350	1,895	1,460
Hungary	...	...	...	5,115	2,395	2,720
Italy	...	...	...	13,410	6,920	6,490
Netherlands	...	...	...	16,070	7,985	8,085
Poland	...	...	...	14,305	6,610	7,700
Portugal	...	...	...	7,785	3,765	4,020
Romania	...	...	...	9,370	4,490	4,885
Russian Federation	...	...	...	12,170	5,240	6,930
Serbia⁸⁶	...	...	...	4,565	2,275	2,285
Ukraine	...	...	...	9,450	4,390	5,060
United Kingdom⁸⁷	...	...	...	116,525	58,485	58,045
Other places of birth in Europe	...	...	...	47,545	23,380	24,170
Africa	...	...	...	53,330	27,245	26,085
Algeria	...	...	...	510	325	185
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	...	...	...	1,005	540	465
Egypt	...	...	...	3,310	1,900	1,410
Eritrea	...	...	...	2,485	1,440	1,050
Ethiopia	...	...	...	2,590	1,305	1,285
Morocco	...	...	...	1,270	610	655
Nigeria	...	...	...	3,585	1,880	1,700
Somalia	...	...	...	1,240	625	620
South Africa, Republic of	...	...	...	15,380	7,710	7,670
Other places of birth in Africa	...	...	...	21,955	10,905	11,050
Asia	...	...	...	905,585	412,460	493,125
Afghanistan	...	...	...	6,245	3,065	3,185
Iran⁸⁸	...	...	...	45,970	23,175	22,795
Iraq	...	...	...	7,000	3,750	3,245
Lebanon	...	...	...	2,455	1,390	1,065
Syria⁸⁹	...	...	...	6,545	3,420	3,130
Turkey	...	...	...	3,095	1,690	1,410
China⁹⁰	...	...	...	217,970	94,905	123,065
Hong Kong⁹¹	...	...	...	78,855	36,815	42,035
Korea, South⁹²	...	...	...	47,520	21,345	26,180
Taiwan	...	...	...	40,445	18,100	22,340
Philippines	...	...	...	131,645	54,350	77,300
Viet Nam	...	...	...	32,390	14,475	17,915
Bangladesh	...	...	...	3,035	1,520	1,520
India	...	...	...	197,115	96,630	100,480
Pakistan	...	...	...	13,345	6,910	6,430
Sri Lanka	...	...	...	5,375	2,595	2,775
Other places of birth in Asia	...	...	...	66,580	28,320	38,260
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	...	...	...	33,225	16,430	16,800
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	...	...	...	197,420	94,095	103,330
Americas	...	...	...	22,835	10,990	11,850
Brazil	...	...	...	5,130	2,430	2,695
Colombia	...	...	...	1,075	495	580
Haiti	...	...	...	35	25	15
Jamaica	...	...	...	1,005	515	490
Mexico	...	...	...	3,045	1,450	1,595
United States of America	...	...	...	8,760	4,325	4,430
Venezuela⁹⁵	...	...	...	530	205	330
Other places of birth in Americas	...	...	...	3,265	1,545	1,720
Europe	...	...	...	25,290	13,375	11,920
France	...	...	...	1,730	935	795
Germany	...	...	...	1,380	680	705
Ireland⁹⁶	...	...	...	2,420	1,485	935
Italy	...	...	...	995	555	445
Russian Federation	...	...	...	2,075	835	1,235
Ukraine	...	...	...	1,935	885	1,045
United Kingdom⁸⁷	...	...	...	7,675	4,510	3,165
Other places of birth in Europe	...	...	...	7,090	3,490	3,605
Africa	...	...	...	10,465	5,545	4,915
Algeria	...	...	...	65	40	20
Burundi	...	...	...	110	35	75
Cameroon	...	...	...	120	70	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	...	...	...	340	205	140
Côte d'Ivoire	...	...	...	40	25	10
Egypt	...	...	...	610	350	255
Eritrea	...	...	...	1,515	935	585
Ethiopia	...	...	...	620	340	275
Morocco	...	...	...	275	115	160
Nigeria	...	...	...	1,770	925	845
Somalia	...	...	...	255	130	125
South Africa, Republic of	...	...	...	1,965	945	1,015
Sudan⁹⁷	...	...	...	235	115	120
Tunisia	...	...	...	115	60	55
Other places of birth in Africa	...	...	...	2,420	1,245	1,180
Asia	...	...	...	134,395	61,590	72,805
Afghanistan	...	...	...	1,325	700	625
Bangladesh	...	...	...	655	340	315
China⁹⁰	...	...	...	31,450	13,060	18,390
Hong Kong⁹¹	...	...	...	2,515	1,125	1,390
India	...	...	...	39,390	20,140	19,245
Iran⁸⁸	...	...	...	5,850	2,865	2,980
Iraq	...	...	...	1,545	840	705
Israel	...	...	...	605	365	240
Japan	...	...	...	2,090	500	1,590
Jordan	...	...	...	395	200	195
Korea, South⁹²	...	...	...	7,220	2,935	4,280
Lebanon	...	...	...	395	175	215
Nepal	...	...	...	405	195	205
Pakistan	...	...	...	2,390	1,300	1,090
Philippines	...	...	...	21,220	9,170	12,055
Saudi Arabia	...	...	...	565	340	230
Sri Lanka	...	...	...	710	330	380
Syria⁸⁹	...	...	...	4,955	2,635	2,320
Turkey	...	...	...	1,025	615	410
United Arab Emirates	...	...	...	620	305	320
Viet Nam	...	...	...	2,845	995	1,850
Other places of birth in Asia	...	...	...	6,215	2,450	3,770
Oceania and other⁹³	...	...	...	4,440	2,600	1,840
Australia	...	...	...	3,280	1,965	1,315
Other places of birth⁹⁸	...	...	...	1,160	630	530
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	240	130	115	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055
First generation¹⁰⁰	0	0	0	1,657,625	783,205	874,415
Second generation¹⁰¹	20	20	0	1,068,600	536,615	531,985
Third generation or more¹⁰²	225	110	115	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	...	...	...	1,145,550	532,215	613,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	...	...	...	661,395	320,875	340,525
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	...	...	...	273,695	157,230	116,470
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	...	...	...	387,700	163,640	224,055
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	...	...	...	372,185	152,795	219,390
Refugees¹⁰⁸	...	...	...	97,720	52,250	45,470
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	...	...	...	14,250	6,295	7,960
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	...	...	...	1,145,550	532,215	613,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	...	...	...	27,320	15,640	11,685
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	...	...	...	138,760	59,130	79,630
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	...	...	...	40,690	20,075	20,615
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	...	...	...	71,860	33,525	38,335
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	...	...	...	5,145	2,030	3,110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	...	...	...	861,775	401,815	459,965
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	245	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	0	0	1,689,490	810,165	879,325
South Asian	0	0	0	473,965	240,475	233,495
Chinese	0	0	0	550,590	257,590	293,000
Black	0	0	0	61,760	31,965	29,790
Filipino	0	0	0	174,280	76,070	98,210
Arab	0	0	0	28,010	15,015	12,995
Latin American	0	0	0	65,970	31,960	34,015
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	71,785	33,340	38,445
West Asian	0	0	0	69,270	34,800	34,470
Korean	0	0	0	72,815	33,390	39,425
Japanese	0	0	0	44,120	18,335	25,790
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	18,080	8,935	9,145
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	58,840	28,295	30,540
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	245	130	115	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	240	130	110	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055
Canadian	40	25	20	459,320	236,305	223,015
English	20	10	15	1,019,250	499,340	519,910
Irish	0	0	0	627,920	297,705	330,215
Scottish	0	0	0	774,455	376,280	398,170
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	312,750	150,460	162,290
German	15	0	15	539,145	263,480	275,665
Chinese	0	0	0	517,805	242,015	275,785
Italian	0	0	0	162,485	81,275	81,205
Indian (India)	0	0	0	275,975	138,885	137,090
Ukrainian	0	0	0	210,100	102,030	108,065
Dutch	0	0	0	189,985	94,390	95,600
Polish	0	0	0	134,635	63,780	70,850
Québécois	0	0	0	6,240	3,120	3,120
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	191,025	94,050	96,980
Filipino	0	0	0	172,915	75,990	96,930
French Canadian	0	0	0	39,930	19,400	20,535
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	82,175	42,475	39,700
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	40	15	25	105,005	51,270	53,735
Métis	0	0	0	85,205	41,265	43,930
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	102,475	51,755	50,715
Russian	0	0	0	121,755	58,460	63,295
Norwegian	0	0	0	137,170	65,790	71,385
Welsh	0	0	0	104,225	49,190	55,035
Portuguese	0	0	0	39,755	19,465	20,290
American	0	0	0	71,530	34,865	36,660
Spanish	0	0	0	54,365	25,030	29,335
Swedish	0	0	0	103,630	48,520	55,115
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,915	25,060	26,855
Acadian	0	0	0	7,025	3,455	3,575
Pakistani	0	0	0	19,050	9,780	9,275
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	18,520	9,370	9,150
Jewish	0	0	0	34,395	17,265	17,135
Punjabi	0	0	0	93,395	47,650	45,740
Vietnamese	0	0	0	51,890	24,430	27,455
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	12,590	6,755	5,840
Greek	0	0	0	23,300	11,910	11,390
Jamaican	0	0	0	9,865	5,140	4,725
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	47,650	22,170	25,480
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	24,875	11,715	13,160
Korean	0	0	0	72,025	33,110	38,915
Romanian	0	0	0	30,195	14,590	15,605
Lebanese	0	0	0	8,440	4,310	4,135
Iranian	0	0	0	49,390	24,720	24,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,865	6,995	6,870
Danish	0	0	0	54,865	26,740	28,130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	24,140	11,670	12,470
Sikh	0	0	0	69,100	35,355	33,750
Austrian	0	0	0	45,280	21,810	23,465
Belgian	0	0	0	19,505	9,395	10,110
Haitian	0	0	0	1,215	640	575
Hindu	0	0	0	19,405	10,140	9,265
Mexican	0	0	0	28,445	14,140	14,305
Mennonite	0	0	0	20,925	10,530	10,395
Swiss	0	0	0	28,520	13,995	14,525
Finnish	0	0	0	33,680	16,290	17,390
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	6,440	3,210	3,235
Croatian	0	0	0	23,750	11,645	12,100
Japanese	0	0	0	54,640	23,430	31,215
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	20,125	9,935	10,190
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	4,840	2,340	2,500
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	30,950	14,970	15,980
Muslim	0	0	0	8,220	4,150	4,065
Egyptian	0	0	0	5,810	3,125	2,685
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	11,730	5,675	6,055
Tamil	0	0	0	3,380	1,835	1,545
Icelandic	0	0	0	25,910	12,770	13,135
Colombian	0	0	0	7,315	3,555	3,760
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035
Czech	0	0	0	22,425	10,920	11,505
Syrian	0	0	0	6,550	3,350	3,195
Guyanese	0	0	0	2,420	1,240	1,180
Afghan	0	0	0	9,605	4,725	4,875
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	4,515	2,250	2,260
Serbian	0	0	0	12,660	6,575	6,080
Ojibway	15	0	15	5,145	2,565	2,580
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	4,530	2,415	2,115
Hong Konger	0	0	0	30,020	14,470	15,550
Ontarian	0	0	0	3,315	1,570	1,750
Persian	0	0	0	19,155	9,840	9,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	4,120	2,075	2,050
Turkish	0	0	0	8,070	4,185	3,895
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	2,120	1,005	1,110
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,740	1,930	1,810
Algerian	0	0	0	915	545	370
Brazilian	0	0	0	12,435	6,005	6,430
Nigerian	0	0	0	4,110	2,075	2,040
Armenian	0	0	0	4,040	2,075	1,960
Slovak	0	0	0	11,565	5,520	6,045
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	11,810	5,340	6,470
Somali	0	0	0	2,665	1,460	1,205
Taiwanese	0	0	0	37,530	17,430	20,100
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,590	2,350	2,240
Salvadorean	0	0	0	6,580	3,285	3,295
African Caribbean	0	0	0	1,640	805	830
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	10,735	5,070	5,670
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,140	2,630	2,510
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	2,715	1,245	1,465
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	965	915
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	1,855	835	1,025
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,330	3,450	3,885
South African	0	0	0	13,965	6,930	7,035
Australian	0	0	0	18,505	9,575	8,925
Palestinian	0	0	0	2,750	1,470	1,280
Chilean	0	0	0	6,220	3,100	3,125
Congolese	0	0	0	1,500	780	715
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	2,015	885	1,125
Ethiopian	0	0	0	2,720	1,275	1,440
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	5,295	2,430	2,870
Peruvian	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,285
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,350	720	635
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	3,350	1,545	1,805
Berber	0	0	0	605	370	235
Albanian	0	0	0	2,455	1,180	1,280
Maltese	0	0	0	2,750	1,340	1,420
Macedonian	0	0	0	1,235	605	630
Slovenian	0	0	0	5,340	2,485	2,855
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,865	3,860	4,005
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	875	430	445
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,670	1,335	1,340
Eritrean	0	0	0	2,245	1,230	1,015
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,535	790	750
Israeli	0	0	0	3,645	1,850	1,800
Mohawk	0	0	0	2,355	1,205	1,155
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	6,545	2,955	3,585
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,720	1,785	1,930
Albertan	0	0	0	3,430	1,690	1,735
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,670	905	770
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,950	985	970
African American	0	0	0	4,500	2,320	2,180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	5,580	2,605	2,975
Tunisian	0	0	0	550	285	265
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	5,285	2,660	2,625
Cuban	0	0	0	1,770	895	870
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,785	1,910	1,875
Venezuelan	0	0	0	1,835	810	1,025
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	180	70	110
Latvian	0	0	0	4,860	2,450	2,415
Bengali	0	0	0	1,370	745	625
Cameroonian	0	0	0	335	220	120
Guatemalan	0	0	0	2,415	1,320	1,095
Indonesian	0	0	0	8,440	3,890	4,550
Laotian	0	0	0	2,485	1,160	1,320
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,765	2,115	2,655
Northern Irish	0	0	0	4,550	2,245	2,305
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	5,445	2,660	2,785
British Columbian	0	0	0	20,450	10,360	10,085
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,135	545	595
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	360	155	205
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,625	1,260	1,365
Estonian	0	0	0	4,695	2,200	2,495
Kurdish	0	0	0	3,375	1,830	1,550
Fijian	0	0	0	16,120	7,710	8,410
Jatt	0	0	0	8,370	4,345	4,025
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	2,695	1,480	1,210
Coptic	0	0	0	760	445	315
Thai	0	0	0	5,745	2,120	3,630
Dominican	0	0	0	860	415	445
Nepali	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,170
Kabyle	0	0	0	75	30	40
Assyrian	0	0	0	695	415	285
Igbo	0	0	0	890	445	440
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,610	1,250	1,355
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	1,025	505	520
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	2,015	1,025	990
Abenaki	0	0	0	215	135	80
Moldovan	0	0	0	1,415	655	755
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,285	640	650
New Zealander	0	0	0	7,840	3,965	3,875
Sudanese	0	0	0	945	460	485
Breton	0	0	0	365	185	175
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	1,655	660	995
Malaysian	0	0	0	5,420	2,535	2,885
Plains Cree	0	0	0	715	360	355
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	780	450	330
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	390	205	190
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	2,890	1,400	1,490
Buddhist	0	0	0	2,950	1,390	1,565
Gaspesian	0	0	0	90	65	35
Norman	0	0	0	745	505	240
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	1,830	830	1,005
Ivorian	0	0	0	135	80	55
Saulteaux	0	0	0	845	445	400
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	935	430	500
Burundian	0	0	0	380	180	200
Tigrinya	0	0	0	1,145	660	485
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,890	880	1,010
Mauritian	0	0	0	1,160	565	595
Kenyan	0	0	0	2,215	1,050	1,165
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	250	120	130
Vincentian	0	0	0	345	165	180
Jordanian	0	0	0	925	465	460
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,760	855	905
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	420	160	255
Rwandan	0	0	0	635	320	320
Grenadian	0	0	0	350	180	170
Malayali	0	0	0	980	520	465
Chaldean	0	0	0	850	420	430
Sinhalese	0	0	0	1,285	605	680
Mayan	0	0	0	1,855	960	895
Honduran	0	0	0	1,500	760	740
Cherokee	0	0	0	2,920	1,345	1,570
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	150	95	55
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	385	200	190
Flemish	0	0	0	1,540	705	830
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	905	485	420
Senegalese	0	0	0	105	50	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,400	740	660
Sicilian	0	0	0	935	495	440
Pashtun	0	0	0	945	465	475
Malay	0	0	0	2,625	1,255	1,370
Goan	0	0	0	750	365	380
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	320	155	165
Tibetan	0	0	0	715	355	360
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	1,240	615	620
Burmese	0	0	0	2,225	1,120	1,100
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,955	890	1,065
Azorean	0	0	0	380	195	185
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	55	25	35
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Ugandan	0	0	0	1,145	510	635
Oromo	0	0	0	575	320	255
Tanzanian	0	0	0	945	470	475
Yemeni	0	0	0	420	195	220
Central African	0	0	0	35	20	15
Libyan	0	0	0	650	390	260
Basque	0	0	0	1,165	620	545
Uruguayan	0	0	0	515	290	230
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	405	200	195
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	655	260	395
Igorot	0	0	0	1,330	590	730
Fulani	0	0	0	85	40	50
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	105	55	50
Guinean	0	0	0	135	70	65
St. Lucian	0	0	0	180	110	70
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	280	145	135
Maliseet	0	0	0	100	40	55
Beninese	0	0	0	100	50	50
Telugu	0	0	0	615	340	280
Roma	0	0	0	1,205	600	600
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,075	485	585
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	145	60	85
Malagasy	0	0	0	110	55	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	545	260	285
Singaporean	0	0	0	2,630	1,165	1,460
Karen	0	0	0	980	520	460
Edo	0	0	0	205	95	105
Tajik	0	0	0	665	335	335
Amhara	0	0	0	305	165	140
Paraguayan	0	0	0	1,095	570	520
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	245	130	115	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055
Buddhist	0	0	0	83,860	35,040	48,825
Christian	75	40	30	1,684,870	766,705	918,165
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	10	434,920	203,070	231,850
Anabaptist	0	0	0	21,275	10,210	11,065
Anglican	0	0	0	137,485	59,595	77,885
Baptist	0	0	0	57,265	25,770	31,495
Catholic	40	30	10	588,140	272,340	315,805
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	45,135	21,835	23,300
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	25,715	11,245	14,470
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	12,875	5,795	7,075
Lutheran	0	0	0	46,395	20,205	26,185
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	7,290	3,295	3,995
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	41,140	18,550	22,585
Presbyterian	0	0	0	28,040	12,260	15,780
Reformed	0	0	0	12,455	6,050	6,400
United Church	0	0	0	129,000	51,815	77,185
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	97,745	44,660	53,085
Hindu	0	0	0	81,320	42,070	39,245
Jewish	0	0	0	26,850	12,980	13,870
Muslim	0	0	0	125,915	63,375	62,535
Sikh	0	0	0	290,870	145,740	145,130
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	15	15	11,570	5,495	6,075
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15	0	10	51,440	20,890	30,555
No religion and secular perspectives	125	70	55	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	240	125	110	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675
Non-movers	205	115	95	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540
Movers	35	20	20	706,245	346,115	360,130
Non-migrants	0	0	0	395,215	193,080	202,135
Migrants	30	15	15	311,030	153,035	157,990
Internal migrants	30	15	15	251,245	123,785	127,455
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	187,990	92,090	95,900
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	15	63,250	31,695	31,555
External migrants	0	0	0	59,785	29,250	30,535
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	230	120	110	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985
Non-movers	165	80	80	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330
Movers	65	40	20	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655
Non-migrants	20	20	0	757,040	372,900	384,135
Migrants	45	20	20	1,303,200	640,680	662,520
Internal migrants	45	20	20	1,016,025	498,920	517,105
Intraprovincial migrants	20	15	10	799,455	390,525	408,935
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	216,565	108,395	108,170
External migrants	0	0	0	287,175	141,765	145,415
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	195	105	90	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	55	15	643,330	341,470	301,860
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	125	55	75	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140	85	50	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	40	15	259,010	148,785	110,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85	45	40	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	195	110	85	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	45	15	565,665	292,000	273,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	40	30	1,238,000	610,685	627,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	15	45	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	15	25	1,197,050	598,425	598,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	10	323,635	243,815	79,815
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	133,020	78,330	54,685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	190,615	165,490	25,130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25	10	15	711,810	289,555	422,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	161,600	65,055	96,545
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	0	25	1,199,710	547,285	652,420
Bachelor's degree	0	0	0	775,145	347,145	427,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	84,000	34,915	49,085
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	32,985	18,045	14,945
Master's degree	25	0	25	264,145	121,485	142,660
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	43,440	25,700	17,740
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140	90	50	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	35	10	216,660	122,720	93,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	35	15	694,785	358,700	336,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	1,780,415	831,840	948,575
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	838,680	416,930	421,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	217,350	164,860	52,495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	88,765	52,645	36,115
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	128,590	112,210	16,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20	15	10	507,405	206,015	301,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	113,915	46,055	67,865
Bachelor's degree or higher	10	0	10	941,735	414,910	526,830
Bachelor's degree	0	0	0	610,735	267,470	343,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	63,310	25,280	38,030
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	24,675	11,985	12,690
Master's degree	10	0	10	212,745	93,655	119,090
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	30,275	16,520	13,755
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	195	110	90	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	90	40	1,803,665	902,685	900,990
Education	15	0	15	158,060	37,395	120,670
13. Education	15	0	15	158,060	37,395	120,670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	109,100	46,770	62,330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	13,390	9,570	3,815
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	95,715	37,200	58,510
Humanities	0	0	0	143,340	55,460	87,875
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	16,850	3,705	13,145
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	35,465	10,360	25,105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	48,620	19,020	29,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,860	1,075	1,780
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,705	4,630	3,075
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	12,220	7,385	4,835
54. History	0	0	0	16,035	8,595	7,450
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	3,580	695	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	288,970	102,380	186,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	5,140	1,360	3,780
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	31,375	11,580	19,795
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	39,140	3,530	35,610
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	44,255	15,575	28,680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	6,625	2,525	4,105
42. Psychology	0	0	0	52,080	13,955	38,125
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	110,350	53,860	56,495
Business, management and public administration	15	10	10	493,290	201,060	292,230
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	645	220	425
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	30,855	6,685	24,175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	10	0	461,790	194,160	267,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	106,515	54,495	52,015
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	44,910	19,580	25,330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,655	12,030	13,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,880	665	1,220
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	30,600	21,085	9,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	3,470	1,140	2,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	105,555	69,245	36,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	83,795	58,985	24,810
25. Library science	0	0	0	6,145	865	5,280
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	13,030	7,715	5,320
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,580	1,680	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	0	0	0	458,590	409,460	49,135
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	19,025	11,490	7,535
14. Engineering	0	0	0	119,995	96,730	23,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	83,585	73,495	10,085
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	115	45	75
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	104,445	101,120	3,325
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	86,325	83,625	2,700
48. Precision production	0	0	0	45,110	42,955	2,150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	60,510	33,885	26,625
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	31,920	15,075	16,845
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	10	0	28,595	18,815	9,775
Health and related fields	10	0	10	350,930	73,605	277,325
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	27,000	13,530	13,470
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	312,980	53,940	259,035
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	725	175	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	10,230	5,960	4,270
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	121,210	61,715	59,495
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	76,425	24,575	51,850
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	505	435	75
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,025	930	95
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	15,820	11,280	4,540
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	27,425	24,490	2,935
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	685	235	450
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	135	85	50	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	100	70	30	911,450	481,425	430,025
Education	10	0	10	99,640	21,315	78,320
13. Education	10	0	10	99,640	21,315	78,320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	85,350	36,335	49,005
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	9,815	6,950	2,860
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	75,530	29,385	46,145
Humanities	0	0	0	103,360	38,515	64,845
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	12,735	2,545	10,190
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	25,770	7,190	18,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	35,310	13,320	21,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,895	745	1,150
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,780	3,440	2,335
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	7,845	4,740	3,105
54. History	0	0	0	11,615	6,050	5,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	2,410	480	1,930
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	226,805	76,655	150,150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,220	1,075	3,145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	26,730	9,590	17,150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	29,960	2,705	27,260
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	34,935	10,780	24,150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	5,150	1,960	3,185
42. Psychology	0	0	0	39,250	9,600	29,645
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	86,555	40,945	45,615
Business, management and public administration	0	0	0	379,485	152,040	227,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	445	140	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	22,625	4,535	18,095
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	0	0	356,415	147,365	209,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	77,340	37,350	39,990
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	33,945	14,030	19,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	18,520	8,355	10,165
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,545	520	1,030
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	21,390	13,835	7,555
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,935	610	1,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	87,185	58,400	28,785
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	72,700	51,710	20,995
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,600	540	3,060
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	8,865	4,890	3,975
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,010	1,265	755
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	0	0	0	327,735	286,655	41,080
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	14,690	8,220	6,480
14. Engineering	0	0	0	93,760	73,350	20,400
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	57,590	49,650	7,940
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	100	35	70
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	74,045	71,450	2,595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	57,950	55,995	1,950
48. Precision production	0	0	0	29,605	27,965	1,640
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	45,705	23,930	21,775
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	23,700	10,410	13,290
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	22,005	13,520	8,485
Health and related fields	0	0	0	258,665	55,710	202,960
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	20,980	10,585	10,395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	229,855	41,240	188,620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	580	90	490
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	7,245	3,790	3,455
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	88,615	44,750	43,865
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	56,165	18,390	37,775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	305	240	65
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	450	410	40
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	12,270	8,530	3,740
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	19,425	17,180	2,240
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	535	180	355
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	135	85	50	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	70	30	911,450	481,425	430,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35	15	20	1,780,415	831,835	948,580
Location of study inside Canada	35	15	20	1,316,405	622,255	694,150
Same as province or territory of residence	35	15	20	1,029,000	480,420	548,580
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	287,405	141,835	145,570
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	464,010	209,580	254,430
Americas	0	0	0	84,155	40,735	43,420
United States of America	0	0	0	57,255	28,610	28,650
Mexico	0	0	0	8,850	3,950	4,895
Cuba	0	0	0	310	150	160
Haiti	0	0	0	20	15	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	655	290	365
Brazil	0	0	0	8,395	3,865	4,530
Colombia	0	0	0	2,315	1,005	1,310
Peru	0	0	0	945	345	595
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	815	345	470
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,590	2,160	2,430
Europe	0	0	0	92,195	46,985	45,210
Belgium	0	0	0	755	430	325
France	0	0	0	5,075	2,645	2,425
Germany	0	0	0	5,805	2,975	2,830
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,315	1,265	1,055
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,915	905	1,010
Hungary	0	0	0	945	430	515
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	455	200	255
Poland	0	0	0	2,960	1,320	1,645
Romania	0	0	0	3,515	1,720	1,795
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,880	2,560	3,325
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,345	1,945	2,395
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	5,665	3,255	2,410
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	38,270	20,230	18,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	840	410	430
Italy	0	0	0	1,610	890	720
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,565	845	720
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,275	4,955	5,320
Africa	0	0	0	12,250	6,465	5,785
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,315	690	630
Algeria	0	0	0	130	85	45
Morocco	0	0	0	470	255	215
Tunisia	0	0	0	160	75	85
Egypt	0	0	0	1,490	800	690
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	5,860	3,055	2,800
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	2,825	1,510	1,315
Asia	0	0	0	258,905	106,700	152,210
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	16,325	7,150	9,175
Iraq	0	0	0	1,465	830	635
Israel	0	0	0	1,345	690	660
Lebanon	0	0	0	550	260	295
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	805	405	400
Turkey	0	0	0	1,680	995	680
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	59,350	24,555	34,795
Taiwan	0	0	0	8,905	2,985	5,915
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	7,025	2,820	4,210
Japan	0	0	0	8,185	1,960	6,230
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	19,605	7,220	12,385
Philippines	0	0	0	55,140	20,255	34,880
Viet Nam	0	0	0	2,145	625	1,520
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,135	485	650
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	975	480	490
India	0	0	0	60,565	28,910	31,655
Pakistan	0	0	0	3,935	1,855	2,080
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	9,780	4,215	5,565
Oceania	0	0	0	16,505	8,700	7,810
Australia	0	0	0	12,315	6,385	5,930
New Zealand	0	0	0	3,340	1,855	1,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	855	465	390
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	195	110	85	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030
In the labour force	85	65	20	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900
Employed	70	50	20	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885
Unemployed	15	15	0	223,675	113,655	110,015
Not in the labour force	110	45	65	1,543,145	670,020	873,130
Participation rate	43.6	59.1	23.5	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	35.9	45.5	23.5	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	17.6	23.1	0.0	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	195	110	90	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030
Did not work¹⁸⁶	115	50	65	1,563,830	685,205	878,625
Worked	80	55	25	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45	25	15	1,350,335	768,255	582,080
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35	30	10	1,286,260	594,930	691,330
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.5	36.0	44.0	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	90	60	25	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	54,165	26,325	27,835
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	85	65	25	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
Employee	85	60	20	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330
Permanent position	70	50	20	1,788,175	913,100	875,070
Temporary position	15	15	0	356,305	163,045	193,255
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	116,190	53,010	63,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	15	0	240,110	110,035	130,070
Self-employed¹⁹²	10	0	0	458,635	275,905	182,735
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	90	60	25	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	54,165	26,325	27,835
All occupations¹⁹¹	85	65	25	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	32,255	22,375	9,885
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10	0	10	446,160	137,765	308,395
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	209,185	158,605	50,580
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	199,185	43,765	155,415
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	309,360	103,155	206,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	110,585	52,240	58,340
6 Sales and service occupations	15	10	0	666,705	293,530	373,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	25	0	469,450	425,905	43,545
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	25	0	72,075	51,750	20,325
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	88,155	62,965	25,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	90	60	25	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	54,165	26,325	27,835
All industries¹⁹¹	85	65	25	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	60,320	38,580	21,735
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	24,955	20,610	4,350
22 Utilities	0	0	0	14,820	10,765	4,050
23 Construction	10	10	0	234,345	201,185	33,155
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	152,790	107,750	45,035
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	80,165	53,130	27,035
44-45 Retail trade	10	10	0	301,060	142,230	158,830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	142,230	108,095	34,135
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	71,295	43,800	27,495
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	95,560	41,275	54,290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	59,155	31,515	27,640
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	238,650	131,495	107,150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,785	2,740	3,040
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	110,215	62,865	47,350
61 Educational services	10	0	0	192,855	62,310	130,545
62 Health care and social assistance	0	0	10	319,525	64,150	255,375
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	60,775	30,215	30,560
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	182,105	78,435	103,670
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	113,780	50,100	63,680
91 Public administration	20	10	10	142,730	70,795	71,940
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	95	65	30	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
English	95	65	30	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935
French	0	0	0	3,090	850	2,240
Non-official language	0	0	0	52,925	27,750	25,180
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	140	60	80
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	52,790	27,690	25,100
English and French	0	0	0	21,550	8,765	12,785
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	154,255	76,820	77,440
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	80	30	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,520	1,160	1,360
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,840	2,000	1,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	95	65	30	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
Single responses	95	65	30	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250
Official languages	95	65	30	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160
English	95	65	30	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470
French	0	0	0	6,430	1,740	4,690
Non-official languages	0	0	0	93,520	48,430	45,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	290	85	200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	15	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	15	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	93,230	48,340	44,890
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	520	320	205
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	500	320	185
Amharic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Arabic	0	0	0	355	250	110
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	60	20	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45	25	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,720	1,070	1,645
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,695	1,060	1,630
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	855	430	420
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	25	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	85	50	45
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	680	335	340
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	75	35	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	55	30	30
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	30,820	18,165	12,655
Albanian	0	0	0	20	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	915	350	565
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	900	350	555
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	85	25	60
Russian	0	0	0	645	245	400
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	40
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	75	45	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	680	310	370
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	450	200	255
German	0	0	0	400	180	220
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	50	15	30
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	195	100	100
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	85	40	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	105	55	50
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50	35	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,450	15,470	9,980
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	23,425	14,315	9,115
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	555	310	250
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	22,730	13,945	8,785
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	100	40	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,020	1,155	865
Kurdish	0	0	0	25	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,135	855
Dari	0	0	0	110	75	35
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	1,710	940	770
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	120	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,675	1,975	1,700
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	120	55	65
Portuguese	0	0	0	555	245	310
Romanian	0	0	0	60	35	30
Spanish	0	0	0	2,940	1,645	1,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,015	695	1,320
Korean	0	0	0	6,855	3,485	3,370
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	300	105	190
American Sign Language	0	0	0	285	95	185
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	48,730	23,930	24,800
Chinese languages	0	0	0	48,670	23,890	24,780
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	28,465	13,710	14,755
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	235	110	125
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	19,865	10,015	9,855
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	45	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	60	35	20
Burmese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	205	65	140
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	200	60	140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	60	20	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	10	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	20	0	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	30	0	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	35,660	18,080	17,585
English and French	0	0	0	2,470	970	1,510
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	32,195	16,590	15,610
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	35	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	130	65	65
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	825	445	380
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	95	65	30	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830
None	95	65	30	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180
English	0	0	0	36,055	17,805	18,250
French	0	0	0	16,140	7,125	9,020
Non-official language	0	0	0	79,300	38,900	40,400
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	1,320	470	850
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	77,980	38,430	39,550
English and French	0	0	0	70	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,745	2,165	2,580
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,945	860	1,085
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	13,685	6,410	7,275
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70	50	25	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885
Worked at home	0	0	0	549,845	262,840	287,005
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	10,065	6,785	3,275
No fixed workplace address	10	10	0	373,475	277,860	95,615
Usual place of work	65	40	25	1,500,215	717,240	782,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	60	40	25	1,500,215	717,235	782,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	0	0	0	774,620	341,895	432,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	60	40	25	638,825	322,890	315,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	77,845	46,415	31,440
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	8,920	6,040	2,875
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	70	45	20	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Car, truck or van	70	45	20	1,497,765	824,995	672,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	65	45	20	1,376,410	775,555	600,865
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	121,350	49,440	71,910
Public transit	0	0	0	174,045	72,290	101,750
Walked	0	0	0	121,550	51,185	70,360
Bicycle	0	0	0	36,790	22,990	13,800
Other method	0	0	0	43,535	23,635	19,900
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	70	45	20	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Less than 15 minutes	15	10	10	595,470	276,270	319,200
15 to 29 minutes	30	25	10	637,130	333,835	303,295
30 to 44 minutes	20	10	10	369,645	216,975	152,670
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	137,115	81,460	55,655
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	134,330	86,550	47,780
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	70	45	20	1,873,690	995,095	878,595
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	125,470	91,685	33,785
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	298,120	192,650	105,460
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15	20	0	449,315	237,080	212,235
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	0	0	418,635	186,225	232,415
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	10	303,745	133,880	169,865
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	278,405	153,580	124,825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	20	25	884,130	455,675	428,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	55,575	28,115	27,465
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	25	828,550	427,565	400,990
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	15	25	651,050	336,315	314,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	43,010	21,805	21,205
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	23,960	11,755	12,205
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	19,050	10,050	8,995
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	15	25	608,040	314,500	293,535

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 29, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table