Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Burlington, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	186,948	...	...
Population, 2016¹	183,314	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	74,891	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	73,180	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,004.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	186.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	186,945	89,460	97,485
0 to 14 years	29,900	15,325	14,570
0 to 4 years	8,640	4,415	4,225
5 to 9 years	10,290	5,245	5,045
10 to 14 years	10,960	5,665	5,295
15 to 64 years	117,870	57,390	60,480
15 to 19 years	11,075	5,730	5,345
20 to 24 years	9,735	4,975	4,760
25 to 29 years	9,250	4,720	4,525
30 to 34 years	10,650	5,065	5,585
35 to 39 years	12,290	5,800	6,490
40 to 44 years	12,665	6,050	6,620
45 to 49 years	13,230	6,340	6,890
50 to 54 years	13,215	6,365	6,855
55 to 59 years	13,615	6,555	7,060
60 to 64 years	12,140	5,795	6,345
65 years and over	39,180	16,745	22,435
65 to 69 years	10,075	4,570	5,500
70 to 74 years	9,770	4,265	5,505
75 to 79 years	7,630	3,330	4,300
80 to 84 years	5,565	2,355	3,210
85 years and over	6,135	2,225	3,910
85 to 89 years	3,765	1,450	2,315
90 to 94 years	1,780	615	1,165
95 to 99 years	530	155	380
100 years and over	60	5	55
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	17.1	14.9
15 to 64 years	63.1	64.2	62.0
65 years and over	21.0	18.7	23.0
85 years and over	3.3	2.5	4.0
Average age of the population	43.3	41.9	44.7
Median age of the population	44.4	42.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	73,180	...	...
Single-detached house	36,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,090	...	...
Row house	13,725	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	705	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	12,830	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	73,180	...	...
1 person	18,430	...	...
2 persons	24,680	...	...
3 persons	11,865	...	...
4 persons	12,670	...	...
5 or more persons	5,535	...	...
Number of persons in private households	183,955	88,510	95,450
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	157,050	74,140	82,915
Married or living common-law	94,735	47,165	47,570
Married	82,260	40,960	41,295
Living common-law	12,475	6,200	6,270
Living common law - Never married	8,140	4,060	4,085
Living common law - Separated	710	375	340
Living common law - Divorced	3,245	1,600	1,645
Living common law - Widowed	375	170	205
Not married and not living common-law	62,315	26,970	35,345
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,925	20,445	18,485
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,180	1,665	2,510
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,545	2,955	6,590
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,660	1,905	7,755
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	54,405	...	...
2 persons	25,935	...	...
3 persons	11,925	...	...
4 persons	12,575	...	...
5 or more persons	3,965	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	54,405	...	...
Total couple families	46,400	...	...
Married couples	40,165	...	...
With children⁶	23,190	...	...
Without children	16,980	...	...
Common-law couples	6,235	...	...
With children⁶	2,145	...	...
Without children	4,090	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,005	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,350	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,650	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	183,955	88,510	95,450
Total - Persons in census families	158,705	78,575	80,135
Married spouses or common-law partners	92,800	46,325	46,480
Parents in one-parent families	8,000	1,650	6,350
Children⁶	57,900	30,600	27,305
In a two-parent family	45,915	24,220	21,700
In a one-parent family	11,980	6,375	5,605
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,250	9,935	15,320
Living alone	18,435	6,775	11,655
Living with other relatives⁷	3,375	1,265	2,110
Living with non-relatives only	3,445	1,890	1,550
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	73,180	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	49,160	...	...
Couple-family households	42,560	...	...
With children⁶	23,275	...	...
Without children	19,290	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,600	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,015	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	360	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,500	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,715	...	...
One-person households	18,430	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	148,915	70,545	78,370
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	58,800	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	149,005	70,595	78,410
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	138,525	66,565	71,955
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	55,200	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,865	56,000	54,860
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	56,000	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,795	61,180	70,610
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,440	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,770	4,735	7,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,630	17,545	20,085
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	148,865	70,440	78,420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,900	83,100	56,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	148,950	70,485	78,460
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750	64,100	46,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	138,650	66,540	72,110
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,700	80,100	50,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,865	55,945	54,915
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,500	77,300	51,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,850	61,140	70,700
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,760	8,550	10,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,735	4,525	7,220
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740	5,670	7,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,635	17,520	20,115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,450	9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,715	31,140	25,570
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000	90,000	71,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,600	113,400	82,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,305	17,885	22,425
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,040	36,560	26,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.4	91.0	82.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	73.8	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	8.9	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.7	2.8	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.5	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	154,080	73,190	80,890
Without total income	5,165	2,650	2,520
With total income	148,910	70,540	78,365
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,950	4,880	7,070
$10,000 to $19,999	15,060	6,040	9,020
$20,000 to $29,999	18,610	7,380	11,225
$30,000 to $39,999	15,560	6,340	9,220
$40,000 to $49,999	13,785	5,865	7,920
$50,000 to $59,999	12,280	5,350	6,930
$60,000 to $69,999	10,520	4,920	5,600
$70,000 to $79,999	8,880	4,370	4,510
$80,000 to $89,999	7,575	3,950	3,625
$90,000 to $99,999	6,530	3,455	3,075
$100,000 and over	28,160	17,990	10,175
$100,000 to $149,999	16,860	9,940	6,915
$150,000 and over	11,300	8,045	3,255
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	154,080	73,190	80,890
Without after-tax income	5,075	2,595	2,480
With after-tax income	149,000	70,600	78,405
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,815	5,150	7,665
$10,000 to $19,999	15,850	6,375	9,470
$20,000 to $29,999	20,900	8,305	12,595
$30,000 to $39,999	18,470	7,750	10,715
$40,000 to $49,999	16,660	7,220	9,445
$50,000 to $59,999	14,125	6,560	7,560
$60,000 to $69,999	11,530	5,795	5,735
$70,000 to $79,999	9,190	4,975	4,220
$80,000 to $89,999	8,100	4,235	3,865
$90,000 to $99,999	5,260	3,125	2,135
$100,000 and over	16,095	11,105	4,995
$100,000 to $124,999	7,395	4,795	2,605
$125,000 and over	8,700	6,310	2,390
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	154,080	73,190	80,890
Without employment income	43,210	17,190	26,025
With employment income	110,865	56,005	54,865
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,415	7,940	8,480
$5,000 to $9,999	8,115	3,485	4,630
$10,000 to $19,999	10,900	4,730	6,170
$20,000 to $29,999	7,805	3,470	4,335
$30,000 to $39,999	7,235	3,105	4,130
$40,000 to $49,999	7,455	3,240	4,220
$50,000 to $59,999	7,215	3,255	3,960
$60,000 to $69,999	6,795	3,350	3,450
$70,000 to $79,999	5,870	2,970	2,900
$80,000 to $89,999	5,515	2,975	2,545
$90,000 to $99,999	5,430	2,770	2,660
$100,000 and over	22,115	14,725	7,390
$100,000 to $124,999	8,910	5,285	3,630
$125,000 and over	13,200	9,440	3,760
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,330	69,245	77,085
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	58,800	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,375	69,245	77,125
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	137,295	65,955	71,340
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,510	56,220	55,295
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,800	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	123,505	57,395	66,105
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,780	780	4,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,680	2,630	5,050
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,120	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,370	69,265	77,105
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,200	82,600	53,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,390	69,265	77,125
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,950	62,950	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	137,265	65,990	71,280
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,500	81,700	50,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,470	56,220	55,255
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,200	78,800	51,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,830	57,565	66,265
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	5,705	7,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,610	2,505	5,105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,870	6,160	8,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	154,080	73,190	80,890
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,310	30,975	25,340
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	86,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,600	110,200	77,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,175	16,910	21,265
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,800	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,120	46,880	33,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.2	87.4
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.4	69.0
Government transfers (%)	8.6	5.7	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	73,180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,430	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	54,745	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	73,180	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,435	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	54,745	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	164,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	73,180	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	650	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,520	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,765	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,570	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,805	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,930	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,955	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,190	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,170	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,925	...	...
$100,000 and over	40,145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,665	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,150	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,170	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,170	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	73,180	...	...
Under $5,000	645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,615	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,005	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,910	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,125	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,405	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,465	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,120	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,195	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,000	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,970	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,480	...	...
$100,000 and over	33,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,410	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,635	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	53,660	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,480	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	25,495	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,470	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,880	8,665	13,205
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	55,600	48,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	48,000	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	53,615	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,440	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,480	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,490	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,955	8,580	13,380
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,700	73,000	59,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,600	58,250	49,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	183,955	88,505	95,450
0 to 17 years	36,670	18,870	17,795
0 to 5 years	10,585	5,390	5,205
18 to 64 years	110,640	53,570	57,070
65 years and over	36,650	16,070	20,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,845	4,645	6,195
0 to 17 years	2,245	1,100	1,145
0 to 5 years	640	310	330
18 to 64 years	5,755	2,615	3,135
65 years and over	2,845	935	1,910
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.9	5.3	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	5.8	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.7	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	7.8	5.8	9.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	183,955	88,510	95,450
0 to 17 years	36,670	18,875	17,800
0 to 5 years	10,590	5,385	5,200
18 to 64 years	110,635	53,570	57,070
65 years and over	36,645	16,065	20,580
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,095	2,845	3,250
0 to 17 years	1,190	585	605
0 to 5 years	320	150	165
18 to 64 years	3,965	1,925	2,045
65 years and over	940	340	600
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.1	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.6
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.1	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	183,955	88,510	95,450
In bottom half of the distribution	59,670	27,035	32,635
In bottom decile	9,205	4,095	5,115
In second decile	10,690	4,515	6,175
In third decile	11,635	5,185	6,450
In fourth decile	13,285	6,190	7,095
In fifth decile	14,855	7,050	7,800
In top half of the distribution	124,285	61,470	62,815
In sixth decile	17,115	8,190	8,925
In seventh decile	19,600	9,455	10,145
In eighth decile	23,220	11,490	11,730
In ninth decile	27,960	13,885	14,070
In top decile	36,385	18,440	17,945
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	183,955	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.352	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.301	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	184,555	88,740	95,815
English only	166,915	81,495	85,420
French only	90	35	55
English and French	15,780	6,520	9,260
Neither English nor French	1,770	695	1,075
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	184,555	88,740	95,815
English	179,390	86,590	92,800
French	2,585	1,085	1,500
English and French	875	395	475
Neither English nor French	1,705	665	1,040
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	184,555	88,740	95,815
Single responses	178,115	85,745	92,365
Official languages	142,730	69,395	73,335
English	140,200	68,335	71,860
French	2,530	1,055	1,475
Non-official languages	35,380	16,350	19,025
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,380	16,350	19,025
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,390	1,690	1,700
Berber languages	20	15	10
Kabyle	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	20	10	5
Cushitic languages	50	20	30
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	10	5	10
Somali	40	15	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,300	1,645	1,655
Amharic	20	10	10
Arabic	3,060	1,530	1,535
Aramaic languages	100	50	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	30	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Harari	5	5	5
Hebrew	35	20	15
Maltese	60	20	40
Tigrigna	20	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	395	160	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	370	155	215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,585	615	970
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	15	30
Cebuano	55	20	30
Fijian	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	15	0	10
Ilocano	80	30	50
Indonesian	40	15	25
Kankanaey	5	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,280	500	780
Waray-Waray	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10
Creole languages	25	5	15
Haitian Creole	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	745	390	365
Kannada	65	30	35
Malayalam	215	115	100
Tamil	280	140	140
Telugu	180	95	85
Tulu	10	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	11,075	12,690
Albanian	205	100	110
Armenian	80	40	40
Balto-Slavic languages	6,855	3,035	3,820
Baltic languages	165	55	110
Latvian	45	15	35
Lithuanian	120	45	80
Slavic languages	6,685	2,975	3,715
Belarusian	10	5	5
Bulgarian	140	65	70
Czech	230	95	135
Macedonian	150	75	75
Polish	2,275	1,000	1,275
Russian	1,035	440	600
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,970	950	1,020
Bosnian	135	65	70
Croatian	825	395	430
Serbian	980	475	510
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10
Slovak	185	70	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	120	55	65
Ukrainian	565	225	345
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	15
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Germanic languages	2,420	1,055	1,370
Frisian	20	15	5
High German languages	1,235	510	730
German	1,200	490	705
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	30	15	20
Yiddish	5	0	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	985	450	530
Afrikaans	130	65	65
Dutch	820	375	450
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	15
Scandinavian languages	180	80	105
Danish	100	45	55
Icelandic	10	0	5
Norwegian	25	10	15
Swedish	50	20	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	410	210	200
Indo-Iranian languages	6,495	3,195	3,305
Indo-Aryan languages	5,270	2,595	2,680
Assamese	5	0	5
Bengali	235	120	110
Gujarati	580	290	290
Hindi	975	480	495
Kacchi	30	20	10
Kashmiri	15	5	10
Konkani	30	15	15
Marathi	105	50	60
Nepali	35	15	20
Oriya languages	5	0	0
Odia	5	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,835	875	960
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	60	70
Urdu	1,255	635	615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Iranian languages	1,225	595	625
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	45	25	15
Parsi	5	5	0
Pashto	95	50	50
Persian languages	1,075	520	555
Dari	225	105	120
Iranian Persian	780	380	395
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	30	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,280	3,445	3,835
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,730	870	865
Portuguese	1,685	795	885
Romanian	635	275	360
Spanish	3,220	1,495	1,725
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	135	45	100
Korean	895	385	510
Mongolian	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	235	115	120
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5
Gikuyu	15	5	5
Igbo	20	5	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0
Swahili	40	20	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	25
American Sign Language	35	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,005	1,320	1,685
Chinese languages	2,975	1,315	1,665
Hakka	15	5	10
Mandarin	2,095	930	1,170
Min Dong	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15
Yue (Cantonese)	760	330	430
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15
Burmese	20	10	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	50
Lao	20	5	10
Thai	50	10	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	415	205	210
Azerbaijani	15	5	10
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	390	195	190
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Uralic languages	655	305	350
Estonian	60	25	35
Finnish	80	30	55
Hungarian	515	250	265
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,440	2,995	3,445
English and French	870	380	490
English and non-official language(s)	4,835	2,300	2,540
French and non-official language(s)	125	55	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	65	85
Multiple non-official languages	455	195	260
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	184,555	88,740	95,815
English	147,085	71,330	75,750
French	515	235	285
Non-official language	7,310	3,390	3,920
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	7,310	3,390	3,920
English and French	2,090	870	1,220
English and non-official language(s)	25,900	12,210	13,690
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,065	440	625
Multiple non-official languages	525	240	290
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	184,555	88,740	95,815
Single responses	178,375	85,845	92,530
Official languages	162,100	78,125	83,975
English	161,335	77,780	83,555
French	765	350	415
Non-official languages	16,280	7,720	8,555
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,275	7,720	8,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,800	870	935
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	5
Somali	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,765	860	910
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,680	815	870
Aramaic languages	55	25	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	5
Maltese	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	80	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5
Vietnamese	170	75	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	785	350	430
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Cebuano	25	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10
Ilocano	55	30	25
Indonesian	20	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	275	350
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	425	220	205
Kannada	25	10	10
Malayalam	135	70	60
Tamil	145	70	70
Telugu	115	60	55
Tulu	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,895	4,715	5,185
Albanian	100	50	50
Armenian	35	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	2,495	1,160	1,340
Baltic languages	40	20	20
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	35	20	20
Slavic languages	2,455	1,135	1,315
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	70	35	30
Czech	45	20	25
Macedonian	60	30	30
Polish	745	335	405
Russian	640	285	355
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	680	330	350
Bosnian	55	35	25
Croatian	220	95	120
Serbian	405	200	205
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Slovak	60	30	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10
Ukrainian	140	65	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Germanic languages	200	95	105
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	90	35	50
German	85	35	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	45
Afrikaans	55	30	20
Dutch	40	20	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	5	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	110	55	60
Indo-Iranian languages	3,895	1,885	2,005
Indo-Aryan languages	3,095	1,510	1,590
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	140	75	65
Gujarati	320	155	165
Hindi	540	260	275
Kacchi	10	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5
Marathi	55	25	30
Nepali	30	10	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,200	575	625
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	30
Urdu	720	355	355
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	795	380	415
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	15	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	80	35	45
Persian languages	690	330	360
Dari	145	70	75
Iranian Persian	510	240	265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,045	1,440	1,605
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	190	80	110
Portuguese	715	335	375
Romanian	275	130	150
Spanish	1,865	900	965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	60	25	35
Korean	615	285	330
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	80	35	40
American Sign Language	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,920	900	1,020
Chinese languages	1,905	895	1,010
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,495	695	795
Min Dong	10	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	5
Yue (Cantonese)	365	170	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	260	125	145
Azerbaijani	10	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	255	120	140
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	150	80	70
Estonian	10	5	0
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	125	65	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,175	2,895	3,285
English and French	360	150	210
English and non-official language(s)	5,630	2,665	2,965
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	184,555	88,740	95,815
None	159,985	77,335	82,655
English	7,640	3,690	3,950
French	1,785	735	1,045
Non-official language	12,205	5,640	6,565
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	12,205	5,640	6,565
English and French	130	60	70
English and non-official language(s)	955	470	480
French and non-official language(s)	565	225	345
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	1,265	575	690
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	183,955	88,505	95,450
Official languages	182,190	87,780	94,415
English	182,135	87,765	94,375
French	15,695	6,490	9,205
Non-official languages	47,970	22,515	25,455
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,960	22,510	25,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,030	2,505	2,525
Berber languages	20	10	15
Kabyle	20	10	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	15	0
Hausa	20	15	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	70	35	40
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	65	30	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,930	2,450	2,480
Amharic	55	25	25
Arabic	4,605	2,300	2,310
Aramaic languages	135	65	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	45	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	150	80	75
Maltese	90	40	50
Tigrigna	20	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515	225	285
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20
Vietnamese	470	205	265
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,150	815	1,330
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	15	30
Cebuano	120	50	70
Fijian	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	80	20	55
Ilocano	120	55	70
Indonesian	45	25	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	30	10	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35
Pangasinan	25	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	745	1,230
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35
Creole languages	150	80	70
Haitian Creole	20	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	30	15	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	30	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Dravidian languages	1,155	620	535
Kannada	170	90	90
Malayalam	290	160	130
Tamil	555	300	255
Telugu	245	135	110
Tulu	20	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	33,275	15,730	17,550
Albanian	200	105	95
Armenian	100	30	70
Balto-Slavic languages	8,920	4,105	4,815
Baltic languages	195	75	125
Latvian	50	15	30
Lithuanian	150	55	95
Slavic languages	8,760	4,050	4,710
Belarusian	20	10	15
Bulgarian	220	110	105
Czech	325	145	180
Macedonian	290	140	150
Polish	3,010	1,335	1,675
Russian	1,560	725	835
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,820	1,410	1,410
Bosnian	275	150	120
Croatian	1,565	820	745
Serbian	1,395	675	720
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Slovak	245	105	145
Slovene (Slovenian)	160	85	75
Ukrainian	940	385	555
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	95	30	65
Irish	50	20	30
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15
Welsh	30	10	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,785	1,730	2,060
Frisian	30	25	0
High German languages	2,310	1,055	1,255
German	2,285	1,050	1,240
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	55	25	25
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,350	645	705
Afrikaans	320	160	160
Dutch	1,010	475	530
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	25	15
Scandinavian languages	285	125	155
Danish	120	55	65
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	25
Swedish	130	65	65
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	605	290	315
Indo-Iranian languages	9,500	4,775	4,725
Indo-Aryan languages	8,195	4,145	4,050
Assamese	30	25	10
Bengali	350	200	150
Gujarati	895	435	455
Hindi	3,625	1,820	1,805
Kacchi	55	25	25
Kashmiri	30	15	15
Konkani	55	20	35
Marathi	335	175	160
Nepali	75	35	40
Oriya languages	20	10	10
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,885	1,465	1,425
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	85	50	35
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	305	160	150
Urdu	2,310	1,185	1,125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0
Iranian languages	1,420	685	735
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	110	55	55
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	130	65	70
Persian languages	1,215	590	625
Dari	355	165	190
Iranian Persian	790	385	410
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	11,060	5,115	5,945
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	3,120	1,485	1,635
Portuguese	2,195	1,060	1,135
Romanian	700	300	400
Spanish	5,635	2,530	3,100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	310	150	160
Korean	1,145	525	620
Mongolian	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	775	370	400
Akan (Twi)	120	55	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	15	0	15
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	25	0	15
Gikuyu	50	25	25
Igbo	90	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	40	20	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	50	20	35
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	210	110	105
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	180	95	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	75	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	20	45
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	20	45
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	250	95	150
American Sign Language	240	95	140
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,465	1,530	1,935
Chinese languages	3,420	1,515	1,905
Hakka	35	25	10
Mandarin	2,585	1,110	1,470
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	35	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,100	490	610
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	15	30
Burmese	30	15	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	35	70
Lao	40	10	30
Thai	65	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	675	330	345
Azerbaijani	40	20	20
Kazakh	10	0	10
Turkish	655	325	330
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	0	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Uralic languages	740	380	360
Estonian	40	20	25
Finnish	75	35	40
Hungarian	625	320	295
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	183,955	88,505	95,450
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,385	1,060	1,330
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,270	1,005	1,270
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,425	665	755
Métis	840	330	505
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	50	35
Non-Indigenous identity	181,570	87,450	94,125
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	183,955	88,505	95,450
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	665	345	325
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	183,290	88,165	95,125
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	73,180	...	...
Owner	54,955	...	...
Renter	18,220	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	73,180	...	...
Condominium	17,630	...	...
Not condominium	55,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	73,180	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...
1 bedroom	8,125	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	27,395	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	21,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	73,180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,820	...	...
5 rooms	10,175	...	...
6 rooms	10,385	...	...
7 rooms	9,795	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,010	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	73,180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	72,360	...	...
More than one person per room	820	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	73,180	...	...
Suitable	70,640	...	...
Not suitable	2,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	73,180	...	...
1960 or before	10,220	...	...
1961 to 1980	24,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,035	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,595	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,475	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,105	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,420	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	73,180	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	70,195	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,980	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	73,180	...	...
One-maintainer household	34,490	...	...
Two-maintainer household	36,525	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,165	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	73,180	...	...
15 to 24 years	475	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,110	...	...
35 to 44 years	12,735	...	...
45 to 54 years	14,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,080	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,640	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,300	...	...
85 years and over	3,210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	72,995	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	56,120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,875	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	73,180	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,680	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,365	...	...
Not suitable only	1,820	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,815	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	515	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	970	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	52,500	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	71,340	...	...
In core need	5,650	...	...
Not in core need	65,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	54,935	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,918	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,024,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,706	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	183,955	88,510	95,445
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	510	240	275
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	510	240	275
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	420	205	215
Métis single ancestry	95	35	65
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,955	1,390	1,570
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,915	1,365	1,545
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,090	1,000	1,085
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	795	355	445
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	180,485	86,880	93,605
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	183,960	88,510	95,450
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	172,010	82,920	89,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	34,830	17,960	16,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	137,175	64,955	72,215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,950	5,590	6,365
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	183,960	88,510	95,450
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	135,070	65,770	69,305
Immigrants⁸¹	47,210	21,865	25,345
Before 1980	13,985	6,250	7,735
1980 to 1990	5,330	2,470	2,865
1991 to 2000	7,400	3,465	3,935
2001 to 2010	9,470	4,500	4,970
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,020	5,180	5,840
2011 to 2015	5,060	2,415	2,645
2016 to 2021	5,960	2,765	3,200
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,675	875	800
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	47,210	21,865	25,345
Under 5 years	5,450	2,665	2,785
5 to 14 years	8,990	4,425	4,560
15 to 24 years	8,825	3,790	5,035
25 to 44 years	20,225	9,210	11,020
45 years and over	3,720	1,775	1,940
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	47,210	21,865	25,345
Americas	6,830	2,975	3,860
Brazil	375	175	200
Colombia	835	360	480
El Salvador	105	40	65
Guyana	320	115	200
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	740	320	420
Mexico	440	205	235
Peru	285	100	185
Trinidad and Tobago	550	240	310
United States of America	1,655	700	950
Other places of birth in Americas	1,520	710	810
Europe	19,610	9,100	10,510
Bosnia and Herzegovina	460	230	225
Croatia	705	360	345
France	210	90	115
Germany	1,025	460	560
Greece	275	140	140
Hungary	295	130	160
Italy	1,005	555	445
Netherlands	700	355	345
Poland	1,870	785	1,090
Portugal	885	430	460
Romania	635	270	365
Russian Federation	445	175	265
Serbia⁸⁶	380	180	205
Ukraine	415	185	230
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,910	3,680	4,235
Other places of birth in Europe	2,385	1,060	1,320
Africa	3,200	1,520	1,680
Algeria	40	15	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	20
Egypt	1,105	550	550
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	40	25	20
Morocco	75	40	35
Nigeria	285	120	165
Somalia	30	0	20
South Africa, Republic of	620	290	330
Other places of birth in Africa	965	460	505
Asia	17,360	8,170	9,190
Afghanistan	280	140	145
Iran⁸⁸	680	330	350
Iraq	885	435	450
Lebanon	390	240	155
Syria⁸⁹	355	190	170
Turkey	285	155	135
China⁹⁰	2,020	860	1,160
Hong Kong⁹¹	325	175	145
Korea, South⁹²	890	405	480
Taiwan	165	70	95
Philippines	2,165	870	1,290
Viet Nam	415	170	245
Bangladesh	155	85	70
India	4,575	2,245	2,330
Pakistan	1,390	755	635
Sri Lanka	405	180	220
Other places of birth in Asia	1,985	870	1,110
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	205	105	105
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,965	2,765	3,195
Americas	785	355	435
Brazil	145	70	70
Colombia	75	25	45
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	45	25	15
Mexico	80	30	50
United States of America	225	105	120
Venezuela⁹⁵	90	35	55
Other places of birth in Americas	130	50	75
Europe	815	420	395
France	45	25	20
Germany	25	15	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
Italy	30	25	10
Russian Federation	85	35	50
Ukraine	55	20	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	235	125	105
Other places of birth in Europe	335	165	175
Africa	710	325	380
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	320	155	165
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	145	60	90
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	55	65
Asia	3,630	1,650	1,980
Afghanistan	85	30	55
Bangladesh	25	10	10
China⁹⁰	320	130	190
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	1,465	710	760
Iran⁸⁸	95	40	50
Iraq	140	55	80
Israel	15	0	10
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	40	15	30
Korea, South⁹²	140	70	75
Lebanon	55	25	30
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	170	85	80
Philippines	405	145	265
Saudi Arabia	40	20	25
Sri Lanka	45	15	25
Syria⁸⁹	225	105	125
Turkey	90	55	40
United Arab Emirates	90	45	45
Viet Nam	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Asia	145	65	80
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10
Australia	15	15	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	183,955	88,505	95,450
First generation¹⁰⁰	50,755	23,630	27,130
Second generation¹⁰¹	46,845	22,785	24,060
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,355	42,095	44,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	33,225	15,615	17,610
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,610	9,735	9,875
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,565	4,780	2,785
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,040	4,950	7,090
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,725	3,465	5,260
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,650	2,295	2,350
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	240	125	115
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	33,225	15,615	17,610
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,950	975	980
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,320	1,510	1,810
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,015	525	495
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,655	770	890
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	165	75	90
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,105	11,760	13,340
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	183,955	88,505	95,450
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	38,390	18,285	20,110
South Asian	11,955	5,995	5,960
Chinese	4,380	1,975	2,405
Black	4,670	2,200	2,465
Filipino	3,010	1,280	1,725
Arab	4,100	2,075	2,025
Latin American	3,205	1,495	1,710
Southeast Asian	1,065	455	615
West Asian	1,410	670	740
Korean	1,385	630	765
Japanese	530	250	285
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	850	415	435
Multiple visible minorities	1,830	845	985
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	145,565	70,225	75,340
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	183,955	88,510	95,450
Canadian	22,795	11,210	11,590
English	43,815	21,340	22,475
Irish	33,165	15,620	17,545
Scottish	34,785	16,570	18,205
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,970	5,615	6,355
German	16,380	7,725	8,650
Chinese	4,795	2,140	2,650
Italian	15,545	7,740	7,805
Indian (India)	7,110	3,485	3,620
Ukrainian	7,515	3,595	3,920
Dutch	7,670	3,765	3,905
Polish	10,145	4,750	5,395
Québécois	250	150	105
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,105	5,235	5,870
Filipino	3,105	1,305	1,800
French Canadian	2,735	1,320	1,410
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,410	1,245	1,165
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,165	585	575
Métis	920	405	515
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,455	1,210	1,245
Russian	2,400	1,140	1,255
Norwegian	1,055	460	590
Welsh	3,965	1,745	2,220
Portuguese	4,245	2,055	2,190
American	2,490	1,150	1,340
Spanish	2,350	1,050	1,300
Swedish	1,030	450	580
Hungarian	3,010	1,520	1,485
Acadian	510	220	290
Pakistani	2,010	1,020	985
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,110	520	590
Jewish	1,005	475	535
Punjabi	1,110	590	515
Vietnamese	790	350	435
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,570	835	735
Greek	1,725	810	910
Jamaican	1,625	790	840
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	790	430	355
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	60	70
Korean	1,350	615	735
Romanian	1,325	580	740
Lebanese	915	470	445
Iranian	765	350	415
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	675	360	315
Danish	1,070	570	495
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	310	130	180
Sikh	540	260	285
Austrian	1,450	680	765
Belgian	800	405	395
Haitian	30	20	10
Hindu	1,065	575	495
Mexican	725	375	345
Mennonite	195	80	115
Swiss	740	350	390
Finnish	780	400	375
Sri Lankan	340	160	185
Croatian	2,720	1,365	1,355
Japanese	745	345	400
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	590	315	275
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	130	165
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	510	205	305
Muslim	530	285	250
Egyptian	1,520	745	775
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	665	320	345
Tamil	235	110	125
Icelandic	280	135	150
Colombian	965	455	505
Moroccan	90	45	40
Czech	935	410	520
Syrian	560	265	295
Guyanese	680	315	370
Afghan	480	225	260
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	325	155	170
Serbian	1,505	725	775
Ojibway	155	80	75
Newfoundlander	235	100	135
Hong Konger	105	55	50
Ontarian	695	345	350
Persian	425	200	225
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	820	395	425
Turkish	695	345	355
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	10	30
Bangladeshi	175	85	90
Algerian	70	35	35
Brazilian	485	235	250
Nigerian	310	130	180
Armenian	375	190	185
Slovak	770	370	395
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	465	225	240
Somali	55	20	35
Taiwanese	135	50	80
Iraqi	565	270	300
Salvadorean	175	75	95
African Caribbean	320	185	135
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	115	40	70
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	420	235	185
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	360	155	205
Algonquin	40	15	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	305	180	125
Lithuanian	580	265	320
South African	520	260	260
Australian	355	165	195
Palestinian	455	230	220
Chilean	185	80	105
Congolese	50	20	30
Nova Scotian	200	80	120
Ethiopian	40	15	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	300	135	165
Peruvian	345	170	180
Yoruba	230	100	125
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	35	45
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	285	155	130
Maltese	690	350	335
Macedonian	600	260	340
Slovenian	630	330	300
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	225	105	125
New Brunswicker	100	40	65
Gujarati	220	110	110
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	130	50	80
Israeli	150	65	85
Mohawk	150	80	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	310	120	190
Bulgarian	315	155	160
Albertan	25	10	10
Ghanaian	225	115	110
Barbadian	290	125	165
African American	70	25	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	410	170	240
Tunisian	15	0	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	260	135	125
Cuban	180	70	110
Bosnian	340	170	175
Venezuelan	325	165	160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	295	140	155
Bengali	120	55	65
Cameroonian	30	15	15
Guatemalan	100	30	70
Indonesian	160	55	100
Laotian	115	40	75
Ilocano	85	35	50
Northern Irish	345	175	175
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	180	95	90
British Columbian	20	0	20
Ecuadorian	85	40	45
Franco Ontarian	95	20	75
Argentinian	205	100	110
Estonian	385	185	200
Kurdish	95	40	55
Fijian	25	10	15
Jatt	30	20	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	120	35	90
Coptic	260	130	130
Thai	75	25	55
Dominican	120	60	60
Nepali	70	40	30
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	105	50	55
Igbo	120	35	85
Byelorussian	130	50	80
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	10	10	0
Moldovan	60	35	30
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	45	30
New Zealander	65	25	45
Sudanese	60	15	40
Breton	10	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	130	40	90
Malaysian	80	45	40
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	10	30
Huron (Wendat)	30	15	20
Saskatchewanian	30	0	30
Buddhist	25	10	15
Gaspesian	15	10	0
Norman	35	20	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50	15	35
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	20	20
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10
Mauritian	20	0	20
Kenyan	95	55	45
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	40	20	20
Jordanian	155	80	70
Manitoban	10	0	10
Cape Bretoner	30	0	25
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	70	45	25
Malayali	50	25	25
Chaldean	140	85	55
Sinhalese	165	75	85
Mayan	25	20	0
Honduran	15	10	10
Cherokee	20	0	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	0	20
Indo-Caribbean	95	40	60
Flemish	25	10	20
United Empire Loyalist	185	100	85
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	75	30	45
Sicilian	120	65	55
Pashtun	10	0	0
Malay	40	25	15
Goan	85	45	35
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	60	25	35
Tibetan	35	15	15
Zimbabwean	85	40	45
Burmese	85	35	50
Mongolian	55	25	30
Azorean	85	40	40
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	85	45	40
Ugandan	35	10	20
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	45	20	20
Yemeni	30	10	15
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	25	10	15
Uruguayan	50	30	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15
Igorot	35	0	30
Fulani	15	0	10
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10
St. Lucian	60	25	30
Prince Edward Islander	50	15	30
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	30	10	20
Roma	50	20	30
Costa Rican	40	15	25
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	65	20	45
Singaporean	45	35	10
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	183,955	88,505	95,450
Buddhist	1,065	420	645
Christian	107,330	49,265	58,075
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,770	6,055	6,710
Anabaptist	295	175	120
Anglican	10,755	4,750	6,005
Baptist	1,885	775	1,105
Catholic	54,045	25,420	28,625
Christian Orthodox	4,605	2,215	2,395
Jehovah's Witness	460	190	270
Latter Day Saints	140	70	70
Lutheran	1,415	575	840
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	310	115	200
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,610	665	950
Presbyterian	4,080	1,740	2,340
Reformed	860	420	440
United Church	9,625	3,995	5,625
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,475	2,105	2,370
Hindu	4,220	2,190	2,025
Jewish	780	380	400
Muslim	7,900	3,930	3,965
Sikh	2,155	1,050	1,105
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	920	310	610
No religion and secular perspectives	59,570	30,955	28,615
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	182,410	87,710	94,705
Non-movers	164,330	78,990	85,340
Movers	18,080	8,720	9,365
Non-migrants	7,805	3,705	4,105
Migrants	10,275	5,015	5,260
Internal migrants	9,395	4,570	4,825
Intraprovincial migrants	8,840	4,305	4,540
Interprovincial migrants	560	270	290
External migrants	880	440	435
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	175,395	84,175	91,220
Non-movers	115,595	55,710	59,880
Movers	59,805	28,470	31,335
Non-migrants	21,800	10,235	11,570
Migrants	38,000	18,235	19,770
Internal migrants	32,000	15,330	16,670
Intraprovincial migrants	30,065	14,340	15,725
Interprovincial migrants	1,935	985	945
External migrants	6,005	2,905	3,100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	154,080	73,190	80,890
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,190	9,390	8,800
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	135,890	63,800	72,090
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,660	46,395	50,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,785	2,700	2,085
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	91,875	43,695	48,180
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	154,075	73,190	80,890
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,595	8,395	8,200
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,855	18,350	20,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	98,630	46,445	52,185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,745	21,170	22,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,550	4,585	1,960
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,235	1,930	1,305
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,315	2,660	655
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,495	14,860	18,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,705	1,725	1,980
Bachelor's degree or higher	54,880	25,275	29,610
Bachelor's degree	36,740	16,480	20,265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,340	1,395	1,950
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,480	735	740
Master's degree	11,640	5,660	5,975
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,680	1,005	675
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,660	46,395	50,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,025	2,250	1,780
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,920	10,020	8,900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,715	34,125	39,585
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,055	14,655	15,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,780	2,730	1,050
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,795	1,140	660
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,980	1,590	395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,950	10,915	13,040
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,325	1,010	1,315
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,655	19,475	24,185
Bachelor's degree	28,995	12,760	16,235
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,655	1,095	1,565
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,125	470	655
Master's degree	9,660	4,475	5,185
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,220	670	550
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	154,080	73,195	80,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,450	26,745	28,705
Education	6,185	1,250	4,935
13. Education	6,185	1,250	4,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,890	1,625	2,260
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	365	290	80
50. Visual and performing arts	3,525	1,340	2,185
Humanities	5,955	2,070	3,885
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	500	60	440
23. English language and literature/letters	1,510	375	1,140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,710	615	1,090
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185	50	130
38. Philosophy and religious studies	315	180	140
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	195	210
54. History	1,005	575	435
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	320	25	295
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,495	5,015	9,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	25	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,900	750	1,145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,930	125	1,805
22. Legal professions and studies	1,630	555	1,070
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	375	130	245
42. Psychology	2,495	595	1,895
45. Social sciences	6,045	2,830	3,210
Business, management and public administration	24,270	11,345	12,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,350	220	1,135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,885	11,125	11,760
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,465	2,135	2,325
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,835	760	1,070
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,080	420	665
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	30	60
40. Physical sciences	1,285	855	430
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	65	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,705	3,085	1,620
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,430	2,485	950
25. Library science	295	40	260
27. Mathematics and statistics	855	480	380
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115	80	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,320	14,310	2,010
04. Architecture and related services	945	595	350
14. Engineering	5,885	4,715	1,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,020	3,665	355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,130	2,080	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030	1,990	40
48. Precision production	1,305	1,270	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,475	795	685
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	845	410	440
03. Natural resources and conservation	635	380	245
Health and related fields	12,675	2,685	9,985
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,695	830	865
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,450	1,585	8,870
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	0	40
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	480	270	210
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,170	2,130	2,040
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	535	1,495
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	1,425	960	465
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	605	85
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,655	46,390	50,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,945	12,270	10,680
Education	4,260	810	3,455
13. Education	4,260	810	3,455
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,990	1,220	1,770
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	205	70
50. Visual and performing arts	2,710	1,015	1,695
Humanities	4,360	1,520	2,840
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	35	305
23. English language and literature/letters	1,120	280	835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,270	465	805
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	40	105
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	115	125
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	160	115
54. History	740	405	335
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	230	20	210
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,410	3,800	7,610
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,635	625	1,010
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,470	70	1,400
22. Legal professions and studies	1,325	390	935
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	65	175
42. Psychology	1,980	450	1,530
45. Social sciences	4,680	2,185	2,495
Business, management and public administration	18,845	8,665	10,180
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	170	955
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,695	8,500	9,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,245	1,495	1,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,405	590	815
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	830	300	525
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	30	50
40. Physical sciences	855	540	305
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,870	2,620	1,245
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,970	2,170	800
25. Library science	165	30	135
27. Mathematics and statistics	655	360	290
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	55	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,440	9,770	1,665
04. Architecture and related services	775	495	280
14. Engineering	4,515	3,470	1,050
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,775	2,510	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,325	1,290	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,285	1,265	15
48. Precision production	760	740	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	565	500
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	275	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	290	200
Health and related fields	9,090	2,025	7,065
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,355	640	710
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,345	1,215	6,135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	40
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	350	170	180
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,105	1,620	1,480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	390	1,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,150	765	385
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	460	75
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	96,655	46,390	50,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,945	12,270	10,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	73,710	34,130	39,585
Location of study inside Canada	58,710	27,255	31,450
Same as province or territory of residence	54,740	25,275	29,470
Different than province or territory of residence	3,965	1,980	1,985
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15,010	6,870	8,130
Americas	3,915	1,855	2,060
United States of America	2,470	1,230	1,240
Mexico	255	105	150
Cuba	45	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	10	20
Brazil	215	95	120
Colombia	325	130	195
Peru	70	15	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	225	95	130
Other locations of study in Americas	280	140	140
Europe	3,790	1,925	1,865
Belgium	45	25	20
France	130	65	65
Germany	115	60	55
Netherlands	95	55	40
Switzerland	25	0	10
Hungary	60	30	30
Moldova¹⁸³	30	20	15
Poland	265	115	145
Romania	295	130	165
Russian Federation	175	85	95
Ukraine	225	105	120
Ireland⁹⁶	125	75	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,480	810	675
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25
Italy	40	10	30
Serbia⁸⁶	125	75	50
Other locations of study in Europe	515	240	275
Africa	975	470	510
Nigeria	115	65	50
Algeria	20	0	15
Morocco	15	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	505	220	285
South Africa, Republic of	200	95	105
Other locations of study in Africa	120	70	50
Asia	5,905	2,460	3,445
Iran⁸⁸	210	95	115
Iraq	220	115	105
Israel	40	25	15
Lebanon	90	40	50
Syria⁸⁹	100	35	70
Turkey	135	55	75
China⁹⁰	675	275	400
Taiwan	40	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Japan	60	20	40
Korea, South⁹²	320	110	210
Philippines	895	300	595
Viet Nam	40	10	25
Bangladesh	35	15	20
Sri Lanka	65	25	40
India	2,060	900	1,160
Pakistan	485	240	245
Other locations of study in Asia	420	180	245
Oceania	420	165	250
Australia	380	155	225
New Zealand	40	10	25
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	154,075	73,190	80,890
In the labour force	100,160	51,445	48,715
Employed	89,495	46,350	43,145
Unemployed	10,670	5,090	5,570
Not in the labour force	53,920	21,750	32,175
Participation rate	65.0	70.3	60.2
Employment rate	58.1	63.3	53.3
Unemployment rate	10.7	9.9	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	154,080	73,195	80,890
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,820	21,740	31,080
Worked	101,260	51,455	49,810
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	58,325	32,185	26,145
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	42,930	19,270	23,665
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	100,160	51,445	48,715
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,980	970	1,010
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	98,180	50,470	47,710
Employee	83,370	41,730	41,640
Permanent position	72,395	36,635	35,755
Temporary position	10,970	5,095	5,880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,345	1,435	1,905
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,625	3,655	3,975
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,815	8,740	6,075
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	100,160	51,445	48,715
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,980	970	1,010
All occupations¹⁹¹	98,180	50,470	47,710
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,480	1,845	635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,930	7,495	13,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,970	7,685	2,290
3 Health occupations	7,270	1,535	5,735
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,345	3,855	8,490
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,465	1,515	1,955
6 Sales and service occupations	24,630	11,985	12,645
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,230	10,935	1,295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,265	915	345
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,595	2,705	890
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	100,160	51,445	48,715
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,980	970	1,010
All industries¹⁹¹	98,180	50,470	47,710
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	490	205	290
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	170	80
22 Utilities	755	565	190
23 Construction	6,020	5,065	960
31-33 Manufacturing	8,850	6,380	2,470
41 Wholesale trade	5,195	3,320	1,870
44-45 Retail trade	11,755	5,820	5,930
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,295	3,015	1,280
51 Information and cultural industries	2,575	1,575	1,000
52 Finance and insurance	6,830	3,575	3,255
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,215	1,040	1,175
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,210	6,305	4,905
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	335	280
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,745	2,215	1,535
61 Educational services	8,395	2,225	6,165
62 Health care and social assistance	10,925	2,180	8,745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,645	835	810
72 Accommodation and food services	4,625	2,065	2,560
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,465	1,450	2,015
91 Public administration	4,310	2,120	2,190
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	106,985	54,265	52,720
English	102,580	52,280	50,300
French	200	40	155
Non-official language	245	120	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	245	120	125
English and French	1,840	700	1,135
English and non-official language(s)	2,025	1,075	950
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	106,985	54,265	52,720
Single responses	106,405	54,035	52,375
Official languages	105,835	53,745	52,085
English	105,340	53,655	51,690
French	490	90	400
Non-official languages	575	290	285
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	575	290	285
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	295	140	145
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	10	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	10	45
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	35	0	25
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	20	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	65	40
Indo-Aryan languages	95	60	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	40	15
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	65
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	35	15	20
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	70	30	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	45	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	20
American Sign Language	35	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	70	35
Chinese languages	100	70	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	55	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	0	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	575	230	350
English and French	205	50	150
English and non-official language(s)	370	175	190
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	106,985	54,265	52,720
None	103,560	52,655	50,905
English	590	210	385
French	1,360	605	755
Non-official language	1,190	630	565
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,190	630	565
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	175	120	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	89,495	46,350	43,140
Worked at home	33,075	15,665	17,410
Worked outside Canada	240	160	80
No fixed workplace address	7,615	5,570	2,050
Usual place of work	48,560	24,960	23,605
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	48,560	24,960	23,605
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,515	11,595	12,920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,045	3,945	4,095
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,920	9,370	6,550
Commute to a different province or territory	75	40	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	56,180	30,530	25,650
Car, truck or van	49,885	27,575	22,315
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,675	25,725	19,950
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,215	1,850	2,365
Public transit	2,415	1,045	1,375
Walked	2,145	1,000	1,145
Bicycle	395	295	105
Other method	1,330	620	710
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	56,180	30,530	25,650
Less than 15 minutes	18,265	8,835	9,430
15 to 29 minutes	19,215	9,820	9,395
30 to 44 minutes	10,040	6,245	3,800
45 to 59 minutes	4,455	2,875	1,585
60 minutes and over	4,205	2,760	1,445
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	56,180	30,530	25,650
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,675	2,845	835
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,735	5,620	3,115
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,050	7,470	6,585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,620	6,245	7,375
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,220	4,000	4,220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,875	4,350	3,525
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	37,460	19,265	18,195
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,520	1,510
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	34,435	17,745	16,690
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	28,110	14,490	13,620
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,385	1,200	1,190
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,235	610	625
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	590	565
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,720	13,295	12,430

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table