Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cornwall, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	47,845	...	...
Population, 2016¹	46,589	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,214	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,386	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	777.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61.50	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	47,845	23,075	24,765
0 to 14 years	7,505	3,815	3,690
0 to 4 years	2,335	1,195	1,135
5 to 9 years	2,595	1,330	1,275
10 to 14 years	2,570	1,290	1,280
15 to 64 years	28,195	13,895	14,300
15 to 19 years	2,325	1,175	1,155
20 to 24 years	2,445	1,280	1,165
25 to 29 years	3,005	1,545	1,465
30 to 34 years	2,920	1,465	1,455
35 to 39 years	2,595	1,250	1,345
40 to 44 years	2,455	1,215	1,240
45 to 49 years	2,480	1,175	1,300
50 to 54 years	2,635	1,295	1,335
55 to 59 years	3,540	1,700	1,840
60 to 64 years	3,800	1,795	2,005
65 years and over	12,145	5,370	6,780
65 to 69 years	3,340	1,585	1,745
70 to 74 years	3,160	1,460	1,695
75 to 79 years	2,180	1,005	1,170
80 to 84 years	1,670	695	975
85 years and over	1,800	620	1,180
85 to 89 years	1,080	420	665
90 to 94 years	505	155	355
95 to 99 years	175	35	145
100 years and over	35	10	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.5	14.9
15 to 64 years	58.9	60.2	57.7
65 years and over	25.4	23.3	27.4
85 years and over	3.8	2.7	4.8
Average age of the population	45.0	43.5	46.3
Median age of the population	46.4	44.4	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,385	...	...
Single-detached house	10,480	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,190	...	...
Row house	1,175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,780	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,145	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	45	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,385	...	...
1 person	7,685	...	...
2 persons	7,695	...	...
3 persons	2,765	...	...
4 persons	1,955	...	...
5 or more persons	1,285	...	...
Number of persons in private households	46,340	22,505	23,840
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,335	19,260	21,080
Married or living common-law	20,755	10,385	10,370
Married	15,620	7,820	7,800
Living common-law	5,135	2,565	2,570
Living common law - Never married	3,525	1,795	1,730
Living common law - Separated	350	160	185
Living common law - Divorced	1,080	540	540
Living common law - Widowed	180	70	110
Not married and not living common-law	19,580	8,875	10,710
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,105	6,045	5,065
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,620	715	905
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,220	1,280	1,935
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,640	845	2,800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,075	...	...
2 persons	7,740	...	...
3 persons	2,570	...	...
4 persons	1,795	...	...
5 or more persons	975	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,075	...	...
Total couple families	10,070	...	...
Married couples	7,500	...	...
With children⁶	2,980	...	...
Without children	4,520	...	...
Common-law couples	2,565	...	...
With children⁶	1,160	...	...
Without children	1,410	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,010	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,325	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	685	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,340	22,505	23,840
Total - Persons in census families	35,665	17,415	18,250
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,135	10,055	10,080
Parents in one-parent families	3,010	680	2,330
Children⁶	12,525	6,685	5,840
In a two-parent family	7,775	4,090	3,685
In a one-parent family	4,750	2,590	2,155
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,670	5,085	5,590
Living alone	7,685	3,475	4,210
Living with other relatives⁷	1,085	455	630
Living with non-relatives only	1,905	1,155	750
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,385	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,730	...	...
Couple-family households	9,315	...	...
With children⁶	3,800	...	...
Without children	5,515	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,415	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	445	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	560	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	900	...	...
One-person households	7,685	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	38,835	18,690	20,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,555	17,995	19,565
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,570	18,000	19,570
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,355	15,025	15,325
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	34,800	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,155	12,115	11,045
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,195	16,680	18,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	11,800	14,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,710	1,805	1,905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,730	4,680	5,055
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	38,835	18,690	20,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,540	17,995	19,545
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,280	45,160	37,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,550	18,000	19,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,520	39,320	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,425	15,190	15,240
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,720	40,800	30,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,155	12,155	11,005
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	40,120	32,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,140	16,670	18,470
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,140	11,560	14,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,540	1,710	1,825
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,300	6,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,530	4,490	5,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	8,690	9,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	38,835	18,685	20,145
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,585	6,020	4,560
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	53,200	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,650	59,200	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,010	4,195	4,815
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	19,400	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	24,840	20,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.2	76.2	63.5
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9	60.0	49.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.8	23.7	36.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.8	5.6	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.8	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	38,835	18,690	20,150
Without total income	1,280	695	585
With total income	37,555	17,995	19,560
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,560	1,090	1,470
$10,000 to $19,999	5,705	2,365	3,340
$20,000 to $29,999	7,360	3,210	4,150
$30,000 to $39,999	5,915	2,755	3,160
$40,000 to $49,999	5,005	2,460	2,545
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	1,905	1,890
$60,000 to $69,999	2,480	1,380	1,100
$70,000 to $79,999	1,555	895	665
$80,000 to $89,999	985	580	410
$90,000 to $99,999	715	410	300
$100,000 and over	1,470	940	530
$100,000 to $149,999	1,170	725	445
$150,000 and over	300	215	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	38,835	18,690	20,150
Without after-tax income	1,265	685	580
With after-tax income	37,570	18,000	19,565
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,675	1,120	1,555
$10,000 to $19,999	5,890	2,455	3,430
$20,000 to $29,999	8,265	3,645	4,620
$30,000 to $39,999	6,945	3,390	3,555
$40,000 to $49,999	5,545	2,790	2,760
$50,000 to $59,999	3,480	1,840	1,645
$60,000 to $69,999	1,975	1,085	895
$70,000 to $79,999	1,090	640	455
$80,000 to $89,999	785	425	360
$90,000 to $99,999	375	235	135
$100,000 and over	540	385	155
$100,000 to $124,999	320	230	90
$125,000 and over	220	155	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	38,835	18,690	20,150
Without employment income	15,675	6,575	9,105
With employment income	23,155	12,115	11,040
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,665	1,880	1,790
$5,000 to $9,999	1,985	865	1,115
$10,000 to $19,999	2,870	1,265	1,605
$20,000 to $29,999	2,665	1,270	1,400
$30,000 to $39,999	2,785	1,430	1,350
$40,000 to $49,999	2,740	1,485	1,250
$50,000 to $59,999	2,115	1,220	900
$60,000 to $69,999	1,335	825	515
$70,000 to $79,999	870	540	325
$80,000 to $89,999	620	380	240
$90,000 to $99,999	555	290	265
$100,000 and over	960	665	295
$100,000 to $124,999	615	400	215
$125,000 and over	345	260	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	38,835	18,690	20,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,895	17,655	19,240
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,905	17,655	19,250
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	33,200	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,050	14,835	15,215
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,325	12,170	11,155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,900	16,010	17,885
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	6,280	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,010	1,455	1,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,760	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	38,835	18,690	20,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,790	17,610	19,175
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	42,680	34,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,790	17,610	19,180
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,040	37,200	31,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,070	14,945	15,125
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	40,920	30,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,265	12,160	11,110
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	39,920	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,775	15,940	17,835
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,090	8,800	11,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,980	1,460	1,520
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,940	6,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	38,835	18,685	20,145
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,505	5,975	4,530
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	48,400	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,550	55,000	49,360
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,345	3,890	4,455
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	26,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,360	30,720	24,460
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.0	81.4	69.8
Employment income (%)	60.0	64.6	54.8
Government transfers (%)	24.0	18.7	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,385	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,685	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,700	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,390	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,690	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,695	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,385	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	880	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,480	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,145	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,025	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,075	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,040	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,760	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,570	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,365	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,870	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	540	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,385	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,540	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,280	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,245	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,215	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,690	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,420	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,480	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,755	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...
$150,000 and over	825	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,050	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,590	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,200	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,835	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,590	4,630	4,960
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	32,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	30,800	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,030	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,580	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,215	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,825	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,595	4,525	5,060
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,560	40,560	38,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,960	35,240	34,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,340	22,500	23,835
0 to 17 years	8,905	4,525	4,380
0 to 5 years	2,865	1,460	1,405
18 to 64 years	26,525	13,010	13,510
65 years and over	10,905	4,965	5,945
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,375	3,785	4,590
0 to 17 years	2,000	1,025	980
0 to 5 years	725	370	350
18 to 64 years	4,305	2,020	2,290
65 years and over	2,065	740	1,325
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.1	16.8	19.2
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	22.6	22.4
0 to 5 years (%)	25.4	25.5	25.2
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	15.5	16.9
65 years and over (%)	18.9	14.9	22.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	46,340	22,500	23,840
0 to 17 years	8,910	4,525	4,380
0 to 5 years	2,865	1,465	1,405
18 to 64 years	26,525	13,015	13,515
65 years and over	10,910	4,960	5,945
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,740	1,430	1,310
0 to 17 years	485	260	225
0 to 5 years	185	105	85
18 to 64 years	2,065	1,095	975
65 years and over	190	80	110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	6.4	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.7	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	7.0	6.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	8.4	7.2
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,340	22,500	23,840
In bottom half of the distribution	31,395	14,990	16,400
In bottom decile	6,975	3,265	3,710
In second decile	7,665	3,505	4,165
In third decile	6,330	3,080	3,250
In fourth decile	5,430	2,680	2,755
In fifth decile	4,990	2,470	2,525
In top half of the distribution	14,945	7,505	7,440
In sixth decile	4,285	2,115	2,170
In seventh decile	3,650	1,815	1,835
In eighth decile	3,215	1,625	1,590
In ninth decile	2,400	1,240	1,165
In top decile	1,395	715	680
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.492	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,905	22,705	24,200
English only	28,405	14,300	14,105
French only	365	150	220
English and French	17,910	8,165	9,745
Neither English nor French	220	90	130
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,905	22,705	24,200
English	37,170	18,255	18,920
French	9,040	4,120	4,925
English and French	490	255	235
Neither English nor French	200	80	120
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,905	22,705	24,200
Single responses	44,720	21,690	23,035
Official languages	41,255	19,930	21,320
English	32,150	15,790	16,355
French	9,110	4,145	4,965
Non-official languages	3,465	1,755	1,715
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	35	35
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	45	20	25
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	20	25
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,400	1,720	1,680
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	135	105
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	130	100
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	215	120	90
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	50	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	45	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Creole languages	35	15	20
Haitian Creole	25	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	470	245	225
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	40	10
Tamil	400	200	205
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,135	1,105	1,035
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	65	95
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	65	90
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	25
Russian	50	20	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	15	10
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	225	110	120
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	135	65	70
German	130	65	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	70	35	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	65	40	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,275	685	590
Indo-Aryan languages	1,150	625	525
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	60	35	25
Gujarati	130	80	50
Hindi	55	40	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	135	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5
Urdu	650	325	320
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	125	60	65
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	60	25	30
Persian languages	65	35	30
Dari	40	15	20
Iranian Persian	20	15	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	195	205
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	130	75	55
Portuguese	50	15	30
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	200	95	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	30	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60
Chinese languages	100	50	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	25	40
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	50	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,180	1,020	1,165
English and French	1,590	710	875
English and non-official language(s)	440	230	210
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	35
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,905	22,705	24,200
English	36,345	17,810	18,540
French	2,720	1,195	1,530
Non-official language	1,020	525	495
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous	1,015	520	495
English and French	4,215	1,875	2,345
English and non-official language(s)	2,070	1,050	1,015
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	175	185
Multiple non-official languages	90	50	45
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,905	22,705	24,200
Single responses	45,325	21,960	23,365
Official languages	43,355	20,945	22,410
English	39,730	19,360	20,375
French	3,625	1,590	2,040
Non-official languages	1,970	1,015	955
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,960	1,010	945
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	60
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	80	60
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	125	70	60
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	25	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	340	180	160
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	5
Tamil	300	150	150
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,220	620	595
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	965	500	465
Indo-Aryan languages	880	465	415
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	30	20
Gujarati	80	45	30
Hindi	40	25	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	110	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	520	255	265
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	40	45
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	30	10	15
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	35	15	20
Iranian Persian	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	75	95
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	20
Portuguese	15	5	5
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	110	50	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	20	10
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40
Chinese languages	70	30	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,575	740	835
English and French	940	415	530
English and non-official language(s)	530	275	255
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,905	22,705	24,195
None	41,500	20,190	21,315
English	1,520	705	810
French	2,515	1,125	1,395
Non-official language	915	445	465
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	25
Non-Indigenous	860	420	440
English and French	50	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	70
French and non-official language(s)	140	60	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	105	60	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,340	22,500	23,840
Official languages	46,150	22,415	23,735
English	45,815	22,250	23,565
French	18,070	8,265	9,805
Non-official languages	5,180	2,685	2,495
Indigenous languages³⁹	155	80	75
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	125	55	70
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	125	55	70
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,025	2,605	2,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	185	130
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	295	175	120
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	280	170	110
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	255	90	170
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	70	155
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25
Creole languages	80	30	50
Haitian Creole	55	20	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	0	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	780	400	380
Kannada	15	0	15
Malayalam	110	70	40
Tamil	660	330	330
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,125	1,625	1,500
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	100	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	195	100	95
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	55	25	30
Russian	55	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15
Serbian	15	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0
Ukrainian	25	0	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	0	15
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	340	185	155
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	255	150	105
German	250	150	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	50	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	85	50	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	20
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	10
Norwegian	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	75	40	30
Indo-Iranian languages	1,690	875	815
Indo-Aryan languages	1,510	790	725
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	80	55	30
Gujarati	160	95	65
Hindi	305	160	145
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	280	220
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20
Urdu	945	475	470
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	210	100	110
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	65	30	35
Persian languages	155	75	80
Dari	120	55	65
Iranian Persian	40	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	865	460	405
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	165	100	70
Portuguese	70	30	40
Romanian	45	30	15
Spanish	620	315	305
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	30	10
Korean	35	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	190	105	85
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	55	25	35
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	15	15	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	30	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	80	40	40
American Sign Language	70	30	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	105	65
Chinese languages	125	85	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	50	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	60	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	80	50	30
Estonian	10	0	10
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	60	45	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,340	22,505	23,840
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,610	1,220	1,390
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,495	1,150	1,340
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,805	820	990
Métis	600	295	300
Inuk (Inuit)	85	35	50
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	35	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	35	30
Non-Indigenous identity	43,730	21,280	22,445
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,340	22,505	23,840
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,130	525	605
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,210	21,975	23,235
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,390	...	...
Owner	11,475	...	...
Renter	9,915	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,390	...	...
Condominium	765	...	...
Not condominium	20,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,390	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...
1 bedroom	3,170	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,670	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,000	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,440	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,390	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,490	...	...
5 rooms	3,985	...	...
6 rooms	3,515	...	...
7 rooms	2,720	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,680	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,390	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,095	...	...
More than one person per room	290	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,390	...	...
Suitable	20,425	...	...
Not suitable	960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,390	...	...
1960 or before	8,000	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,055	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,605	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,505	...	...
2001 to 2005	525	...	...
2006 to 2010	485	...	...
2011 to 2015	565	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,390	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	19,560	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,820	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,390	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,575	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,205	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	605	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,390	...	...
15 to 24 years	615	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,960	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,870	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,055	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,450	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,160	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,430	...	...
85 years and over	855	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,315	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,605	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,705	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,385	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,720	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,075	...	...
Not suitable only	705	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,195	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,670	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	21,060	...	...
In core need	2,530	...	...
Not in core need	18,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,011	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	293,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,910	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	931	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,340	22,500	23,840
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,340	655	690
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,335	650	685
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,150	550	605
Métis single ancestry	145	90	60
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,720	1,255	1,465
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,670	1,210	1,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,195	995	1,195
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	435	200	235
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	40	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	30	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,280	20,595	21,680
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,340	22,500	23,840
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	44,705	21,675	23,035
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,705	4,380	4,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	36,000	17,295	18,700
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,635	830	805
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,340	22,500	23,840
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	41,905	20,300	21,605
Immigrants⁸¹	3,885	1,850	2,035
Before 1980	1,070	475	590
1980 to 1990	325	175	150
1991 to 2000	585	300	290
2001 to 2010	845	390	455
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,060	515	545
2011 to 2015	420	205	215
2016 to 2021	635	305	330
Non-permanent residents⁸³	550	350	200
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,880	1,850	2,035
Under 5 years	425	215	215
5 to 14 years	665	340	330
15 to 24 years	785	320	470
25 to 44 years	1,770	865	905
45 years and over	230	115	115
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,880	1,850	2,035
Americas	595	235	360
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	50	15	35
Jamaica	20	10	15
Mexico	30	15	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	15
United States of America	305	115	195
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	55
Europe	1,110	530	580
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	15	0	0
France	50	10	40
Germany	115	55	60
Greece	25	10	10
Hungary	35	25	15
Italy	85	65	20
Netherlands	70	50	20
Poland	30	10	25
Portugal	20	10	10
Romania	35	30	10
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	495	210	285
Other places of birth in Europe	105	40	60
Africa	395	200	190
Algeria	40	25	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0
Egypt	25	10	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	30	15	15
Nigeria	35	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	230	110	120
Asia	1,775	875	900
Afghanistan	45	25	20
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	35	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	180	50	130
Viet Nam	35	25	10
Bangladesh	20	0	10
India	235	130	105
Pakistan	625	305	315
Sri Lanka	365	185	180
Other places of birth in Asia	105	50	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	640	310	335
Americas	85	25	60
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	10	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	35	15	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	0
Africa	125	70	60
Algeria	20	10	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	30	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15
Asia	395	200	190
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	30	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	190	100	90
Philippines	80	30	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,340	22,500	23,840
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,775	2,370	2,410
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,455	2,250	2,200
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,110	17,880	19,230
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,815	1,375	1,440
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,065	565	495
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	470	305	165
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	590	260	330
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,000	380	625
Refugees¹⁰⁸	625	365	260
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	70	60
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,815	1,375	1,440
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	380	250	130
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	100	140
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	50	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	75	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,010	895	1,115
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,340	22,500	23,840
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,595	2,375	2,220
South Asian	2,360	1,245	1,110
Chinese	165	100	65
Black	775	380	395
Filipino	300	125	175
Arab	240	150	90
Latin American	240	105	130
Southeast Asian	165	85	80
West Asian	160	70	90
Korean	50	25	25
Japanese	30	15	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	25	15
Multiple visible minorities	85	45	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	41,750	20,130	21,615
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,340	22,500	23,840
Canadian	11,195	5,320	5,880
English	6,995	3,250	3,745
Irish	7,490	3,515	3,975
Scottish	7,210	3,400	3,810
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,810	5,770	6,040
German	2,690	1,220	1,465
Chinese	150	85	60
Italian	1,140	615	525
Indian (India)	640	360	280
Ukrainian	365	185	185
Dutch	1,105	580	525
Polish	610	270	335
Québécois	190	100	85
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,050	475	585
Filipino	290	120	170
French Canadian	2,780	1,215	1,565
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,625	1,235	1,390
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,355	635	720
Métis	620	315	300
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	595	305	290
Russian	155	70	85
Norwegian	240	120	120
Welsh	430	200	235
Portuguese	165	80	90
American	470	245	225
Spanish	325	175	145
Swedish	105	50	60
Hungarian	320	160	160
Acadian	125	65	65
Pakistani	695	345	350
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	170	100	70
Jewish	120	60	60
Punjabi	80	55	30
Vietnamese	50	30	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	60	50
Greek	265	155	110
Jamaican	120	65	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	55	65
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	55	65
Korean	45	25	25
Romanian	80	40	40
Lebanese	110	55	55
Iranian	45	30	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	145	155
Danish	125	55	70
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	580	295	285
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	40	15	30
Belgian	150	65	85
Haitian	95	40	45
Hindu	100	55	45
Mexican	65	25	40
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	65	30	30
Finnish	75	40	35
Sri Lankan	395	200	195
Croatian	75	40	35
Japanese	25	15	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	50	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	70	110
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	60	75
Muslim	270	140	130
Egyptian	25	15	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	335	160	170
Icelandic	10	0	10
Colombian	20	10	10
Moroccan	35	25	10
Czech	40	15	25
Syrian	10	0	0
Guyanese	10	0	0
Afghan	110	55	60
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	40	40
Serbian	20	15	0
Ojibway	65	30	45
Newfoundlander	35	10	30
Hong Konger	20	0	15
Ontarian	505	265	240
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	10
Turkish	20	0	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	45	45
Bangladeshi	55	30	15
Algerian	60	25	35
Brazilian	35	10	25
Nigerian	55	20	35
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	50	25	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	85	40	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	10	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	10	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	15	40
Algonquin	110	65	50
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	10	35
South African	45	25	20
Australian	15	0	10
Palestinian	35	15	20
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	25	20	10
Nova Scotian	35	20	15
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10
Slovenian	20	10	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	30	35
New Brunswicker	35	20	15
Gujarati	30	20	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	30	10	25
Israeli	10	10	0
Mohawk	755	340	415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	0
African American	115	55	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	35	20	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	15
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	230	110	120
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	30	20	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20
Coptic	20	0	10
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	45	30
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	25	45
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	25	10
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55	10	40
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	35	15	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	0	25
United Empire Loyalist	40	20	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	25	0	20
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	30	30	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,340	22,505	23,835
Buddhist	70	35	35
Christian	30,745	14,390	16,350
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,415	750	660
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	1,485	720	765
Baptist	450	225	225
Catholic	23,215	10,860	12,355
Christian Orthodox	200	110	90
Jehovah's Witness	190	70	115
Latter Day Saints	40	0	35
Lutheran	120	55	65
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	45	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	150	185
Presbyterian	840	330	510
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	1,215	560	650
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,135	500	635
Hindu	825	445	380
Jewish	50	25	25
Muslim	1,725	915	810
Sikh	160	95	65
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	40	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	290	115	175
No religion and secular perspectives	12,405	6,445	5,965
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,880	22,240	23,640
Non-movers	40,445	19,535	20,905
Movers	5,440	2,705	2,730
Non-migrants	3,400	1,655	1,745
Migrants	2,045	1,050	990
Internal migrants	1,845	950	900
Intraprovincial migrants	1,485	740	750
Interprovincial migrants	360	210	155
External migrants	195	105	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	44,005	21,225	22,780
Non-movers	25,765	12,460	13,315
Movers	18,235	8,770	9,470
Non-migrants	10,330	4,825	5,505
Migrants	7,910	3,940	3,965
Internal migrants	6,780	3,340	3,435
Intraprovincial migrants	5,420	2,625	2,795
Interprovincial migrants	1,360	720	640
External migrants	1,130	600	525
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,835	18,685	20,145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,455	4,870	4,585
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,380	13,820	15,560
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,170	11,285	11,885
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,200	2,355	1,845
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,970	8,925	10,045
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,835	18,690	20,150
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,535	4,290	4,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,475	6,560	6,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,825	7,840	8,985
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,415	5,845	6,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,655	1,840	810
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,390	820	570
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,260	1,020	240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,210	3,770	5,440
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	550	230	320
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,410	2,000	2,415
Bachelor's degree	3,205	1,360	1,845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	110	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	70	35
Master's degree	730	380	350
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	80	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,175	11,280	11,890
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,700	2,075	1,625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,805	4,015	3,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,670	5,190	6,480
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,595	3,900	4,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,665	1,125	545
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	890	495	400
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775	625	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,660	2,650	4,010
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	125	140
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,080	1,290	1,785
Bachelor's degree	2,180	865	1,320
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	190	70	125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	40	25
Master's degree	570	265	305
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	55	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,840	18,690	20,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,005	10,850	11,160
Education	1,085	280	805
13. Education	1,085	280	805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490	250	230
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	25
50. Visual and performing arts	385	180	205
Humanities	835	360	475
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	35	35
23. English language and literature/letters	185	60	125
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	105	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	60	15
54. History	130	55	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,580	455	1,130
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	75	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	30	380
22. Legal professions and studies	220	80	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45
42. Psychology	340	70	265
45. Social sciences	420	190	230
Business, management and public administration	3,350	1,200	2,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	565	85	480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,790	1,115	1,675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	395	225	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	75	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	75	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	85	50	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	480	330	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	295	130
25. Library science	25	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,330	3,110	220
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	10
14. Engineering	400	335	70
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	820	745	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	770	755	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	790	755	35
48. Precision production	500	485	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	105	145
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	45	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	45
Health and related fields	3,385	670	2,710
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	80	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,235	570	2,670
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,645	845	800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	215	635
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0	0
43. Security and protective services	500	365	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	260	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,170	11,285	11,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,500	6,090	5,410
Education	615	125	495
13. Education	615	125	495
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	175	190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	20
50. Visual and performing arts	305	135	170
Humanities	525	225	300
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	30	20
23. English language and literature/letters	125	35	90
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	60	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	45	15
54. History	105	45	60
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,155	290	865
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	60	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	25	315
22. Legal professions and studies	155	40	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	35
42. Psychology	260	55	200
45. Social sciences	250	100	140
Business, management and public administration	2,370	815	1,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	65	405
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,900	755	1,145
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	150	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	55	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	55	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	65	40	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	240	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	310	215	95
25. Library science	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,150	1,965	185
04. Architecture and related services	40	35	10
14. Engineering	275	210	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	505	440	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	520	500	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	505	480	20
48. Precision production	310	295	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	70	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	25	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	45	35
Health and related fields	2,400	485	1,915
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	55	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,305	425	1,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,280	650	630
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	655	165	495
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	400	285	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	200	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,170	11,285	11,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,500	6,090	5,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	11,670	5,190	6,475
Location of study inside Canada	10,435	4,605	5,830
Same as province or territory of residence	9,185	3,995	5,195
Different than province or territory of residence	1,250	610	635
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,235	590	645
Americas	370	140	235
United States of America	270	90	180
Mexico	15	10	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	20
Europe	150	95	55
Belgium	0	0	0
France	25	0	15
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	95	40	55
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	20	0	10
Morocco	10	10	0
Tunisia	20	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	15	30
Asia	595	305	290
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0
Philippines	95	30	60
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	35	10	25
India	210	135	75
Pakistan	160	75	85
Other locations of study in Asia	15	20	0
Oceania	25	10	15
Australia	25	10	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	38,835	18,690	20,150
In the labour force	20,310	10,645	9,665
Employed	17,795	9,450	8,340
Unemployed	2,515	1,200	1,320
Not in the labour force	18,525	8,040	10,485
Participation rate	52.3	57.0	48.0
Employment rate	45.8	50.6	41.4
Unemployment rate	12.4	11.3	13.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	38,840	18,690	20,150
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,365	8,030	10,340
Worked	20,470	10,660	9,810
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,850	6,170	4,675
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,625	4,490	5,135
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.8	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,315	10,650	9,660
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	265	255
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,795	10,385	9,410
Employee	17,960	9,270	8,690
Permanent position	15,500	8,085	7,410
Temporary position	2,460	1,185	1,285
Fixed term (1 year or more)	610	265	340
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,855	915	940
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,830	1,120	715
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,315	10,650	9,660
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	265	255
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,795	10,385	9,410
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	115	65	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,810	980	1,825
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	745	605	140
3 Health occupations	1,945	365	1,580
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,950	600	1,355
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	305	175	130
6 Sales and service occupations	5,945	2,605	3,345
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,005	3,575	430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	190	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,715	1,220	490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,315	10,650	9,660
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	520	265	255
All industries¹⁹¹	19,795	10,385	9,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	80	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	40	0
22 Utilities	75	55	20
23 Construction	1,235	1,165	75
31-33 Manufacturing	2,355	1,650	700
41 Wholesale trade	310	255	55
44-45 Retail trade	3,575	1,935	1,640
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,725	1,275	450
51 Information and cultural industries	390	180	210
52 Finance and insurance	370	90	275
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170	105	60
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	670	345	320
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	885	535	355
61 Educational services	1,135	415	720
62 Health care and social assistance	3,270	630	2,640
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	260	170	90
72 Accommodation and food services	1,400	500	895
81 Other services (except public administration)	815	430	390
91 Public administration	985	505	480
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,090	11,425	10,670
English	17,325	9,425	7,905
French	590	200	390
Non-official language	30	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15
English and French	4,045	1,725	2,315
English and non-official language(s)	85	55	25
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,090	11,425	10,670
Single responses	21,465	11,185	10,275
Official languages	21,405	11,150	10,260
English	20,440	10,770	9,670
French	965	385	585
Non-official languages	55	35	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	35	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	25	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	630	240	390
English and French	615	230	390
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,090	11,425	10,670
None	18,575	9,870	8,700
English	390	195	190
French	3,060	1,320	1,745
Non-official language	55	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,795	9,450	8,345
Worked at home	2,065	845	1,215
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10
No fixed workplace address	2,095	1,555	540
Usual place of work	13,605	7,030	6,580
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,610	7,030	6,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,980	5,280	5,695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,525	975	550
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	775	540	230
Commute to a different province or territory	325	230	105
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,700	8,580	7,120
Car, truck or van	13,865	7,715	6,145
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,180	6,865	5,315
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,685	850	835
Public transit	470	255	220
Walked	840	300	540
Bicycle	160	125	35
Other method	365	185	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,700	8,580	7,120
Less than 15 minutes	9,380	4,475	4,900
15 to 29 minutes	4,145	2,590	1,555
30 to 44 minutes	910	555	355
45 to 59 minutes	345	235	115
60 minutes and over	925	730	195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,700	8,580	7,120
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,395	960	440
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,230	2,105	1,125
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,565	1,930	1,635
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,420	880	1,535
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,275	495	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,820	2,210	1,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,065	4,605	4,460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,590	1,770	1,820
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,475	2,830	2,640
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,520	3,305	3,215
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,605	1,270	1,330
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,635	750	885
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	520	455
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,915	2,035	1,880

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 9, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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