Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Etobicoke--LakeshoreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	141,751
Population, 2016¹	129,081
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.8
Total private dwellings²	69,622
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,579
Population density per square kilometre	3,575.4
Land area in square kilometres	39.65
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	141,750
0 to 14 years	18,505
0 to 4 years	6,760
5 to 9 years	6,155
10 to 14 years	5,590
15 to 64 years	98,970
15 to 19 years	5,175
20 to 24 years	7,220
25 to 29 years	11,655
30 to 34 years	14,275
35 to 39 years	12,655
40 to 44 years	10,410
45 to 49 years	9,355
50 to 54 years	9,275
55 to 59 years	9,850
60 to 64 years	9,105
65 years and over	24,275
65 to 69 years	7,620
70 to 74 years	6,230
75 to 79 years	4,170
80 to 84 years	3,035
85 years and over	3,220
85 to 89 years	1,950
90 to 94 years	905
95 to 99 years	325
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.1
15 to 64 years	69.8
65 years and over	17.1
85 years and over	2.3
Average age of the population	42.2
Median age of the population	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,580
Single-detached house	18,575
Semi-detached house	1,350
Row house	2,315
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,530
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,110
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30,665
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,575
1 person	24,515
2 persons	21,840
3 persons	9,265
4 persons	7,090
5 or more persons	2,865
Number of persons in private households	139,915
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,245
Married or living common-law	65,325
Married	52,870
Living common-law	12,455
Living common law - Never married	9,755
Living common law - Separated	365
Living common law - Divorced	2,090
Living common law - Widowed	245
Not married and not living common-law	57,920
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,980
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,665
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,195
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,085
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,425
2 persons	21,150
3 persons	8,805
4 persons	6,715
5 or more persons	1,750
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,420
Total couple families	31,770
Married couples	25,545
With children⁶	13,745
Without children	11,800
Common-law couples	6,225
With children⁶	1,420
Without children	4,800
Total one-parent families	6,655
in which the parent is a woman+	5,340
in which the parent is a man+	1,310
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	139,920
Total - Persons in census families	104,705
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,540
Parents in one-parent families	6,650
Children⁶	34,510
In a two-parent family	25,145
In a one-parent family	9,365
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,210
Living alone	24,515
Living with other relatives⁷	3,760
Living with non-relatives only	6,930
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,580
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,540
Couple-family households	29,025
With children⁶	13,825
Without children	15,200
One-parent-family households	5,510
Multigenerational households⁸	1,250
Multiple-census-family households⁹	265
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,500
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,505
One-person households	24,515
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,460
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	117,495
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,055
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,475
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,630
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,995
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,275
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	117,310
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,000
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,535
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,225
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,750
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,770
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45,480
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,790
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,445
Without total income	3,985
With total income	117,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,875
$10,000 to $19,999	11,710
$20,000 to $29,999	16,970
$30,000 to $39,999	12,655
$40,000 to $49,999	11,000
$50,000 to $59,999	9,610
$60,000 to $69,999	8,090
$70,000 to $79,999	6,875
$80,000 to $89,999	5,780
$90,000 to $99,999	4,900
$100,000 and over	21,005
$100,000 to $149,999	12,245
$150,000 and over	8,760
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,445
Without after-tax income	3,945
With after-tax income	117,500
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,315
$10,000 to $19,999	12,370
$20,000 to $29,999	18,990
$30,000 to $39,999	14,915
$40,000 to $49,999	13,360
$50,000 to $59,999	11,170
$60,000 to $69,999	8,725
$70,000 to $79,999	6,985
$80,000 to $89,999	6,000
$90,000 to $99,999	3,835
$100,000 and over	11,835
$100,000 to $124,999	4,890
$125,000 and over	6,940
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,445
Without employment income	32,975
With employment income	88,470
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,225
$5,000 to $9,999	6,350
$10,000 to $19,999	8,500
$20,000 to $29,999	6,455
$30,000 to $39,999	6,275
$40,000 to $49,999	6,605
$50,000 to $59,999	6,415
$60,000 to $69,999	5,985
$70,000 to $79,999	5,045
$80,000 to $89,999	4,455
$90,000 to $99,999	4,200
$100,000 and over	16,970
$100,000 to $124,999	6,820
$125,000 and over	10,150
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	114,905
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	114,940
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,400
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,230
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,630
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,910
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,490
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,435
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,755
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,970
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,940
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,930
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4
Employment income (%)	77.6
Government transfers (%)	7.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,580
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,515
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,065
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,575
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,515
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,500
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,750
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,060
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,580
Under $5,000	915
$5,000 to $9,999	480
$10,000 to $14,999	845
$15,000 to $19,999	1,325
$20,000 to $24,999	2,825
$25,000 to $29,999	2,140
$30,000 to $34,999	1,915
$35,000 to $39,999	2,050
$40,000 to $44,999	2,045
$45,000 to $49,999	2,130
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260
$60,000 to $69,999	4,265
$70,000 to $79,999	3,995
$80,000 to $89,999	3,795
$90,000 to $99,999	3,635
$100,000 and over	28,965
$100,000 to $124,999	7,395
$125,000 to $149,999	5,220
$150,000 to $199,999	6,760
$200,000 and over	9,580
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,580
Under $5,000	1,045
$5,000 to $9,999	490
$10,000 to $14,999	865
$15,000 to $19,999	1,430
$20,000 to $24,999	3,015
$25,000 to $29,999	2,390
$30,000 to $34,999	2,230
$35,000 to $39,999	2,420
$40,000 to $44,999	2,525
$45,000 to $49,999	2,685
$50,000 to $59,999	5,310
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115
$70,000 to $79,999	4,765
$80,000 to $89,999	4,490
$90,000 to $99,999	3,760
$100,000 and over	23,040
$100,000 to $124,999	7,095
$125,000 to $149,999	4,900
$150,000 and over	11,045
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,590
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,520
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,230
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,285
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	31,445
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,510
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,480
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,435
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	214,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,130
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	31,500
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	139,915
0 to 17 years	21,515
0 to 5 years	8,070
18 to 64 years	94,730
65 years and over	23,675
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,385
0 to 17 years	2,225
0 to 5 years	825
18 to 64 years	9,435
65 years and over	3,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0
65 years and over (%)	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	139,920
0 to 17 years	21,515
0 to 5 years	8,075
18 to 64 years	94,730
65 years and over	23,670
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,825
0 to 17 years	1,215
0 to 5 years	470
18 to 64 years	7,420
65 years and over	1,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8
65 years and over (%)	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	139,915
In bottom half of the distribution	58,190
In bottom decile	14,400
In second decile	11,690
In third decile	10,720
In fourth decile	10,380
In fifth decile	11,005
In top half of the distribution	81,725
In sixth decile	11,495
In seventh decile	12,560
In eighth decile	13,990
In ninth decile	17,190
In top decile	26,490
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	139,920
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.420
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.510
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.356
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	140,350
English only	123,790
French only	110
English and French	13,065
Neither English nor French	3,385
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	140,350
English	133,635
French	2,215
English and French	1,210
Neither English nor French	3,290
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	140,350
Single responses	132,360
Official languages	81,315
English	79,280
French	2,035
Non-official languages	51,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,045
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,405
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	465
Bilen	0
Oromo	35
Somali	430
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	1,935
Amharic	200
Arabic	1,415
Aramaic languages	70
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15
Harari	10
Hebrew	50
Maltese	90
Tigrigna	95
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	855
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,600
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	120
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,175
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20
Creole languages	70
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	10
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	955
Kannada	80
Malayalam	235
Tamil	385
Telugu	240
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	34,900
Albanian	1,090
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	15,725
Baltic languages	425
Latvian	75
Lithuanian	350
Slavic languages	15,300
Belarusian	25
Bulgarian	270
Czech	225
Macedonian	125
Polish	5,070
Russian	2,965
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	2,540
Bosnian	135
Croatian	655
Serbian	1,685
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	60
Slovak	300
Slovene (Slovenian)	315
Ukrainian	3,460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	20
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,150
Frisian	0
High German languages	880
German	845
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	75
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	610
Indo-Iranian languages	5,255
Indo-Aryan languages	4,025
Assamese	15
Bengali	425
Gujarati	835
Hindi	1,135
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	45
Marathi	185
Nepali	135
Oriya languages	10
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	565
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65
Urdu	555
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	1,225
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	45
Parsi	0
Pashto	25
Persian languages	1,150
Dari	105
Iranian Persian	925
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	10,960
Catalan	5
Italian	2,655
Portuguese	3,525
Romanian	555
Spanish	4,220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	330
Korean	1,755
Mongolian	60
Niger-Congo languages	395
Akan (Twi)	75
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	10
Ganda	20
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	70
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	65
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,245
Chinese languages	3,305
Hakka	35
Mandarin	1,765
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	1,355
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,940
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	1,890
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	120
Lao	20
Thai	95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	595
Azerbaijani	50
Kazakh	5
Turkish	430
Uyghur	15
Uzbek	80
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	640
Estonian	75
Finnish	40
Hungarian	520
Other languages, n.i.e.	45
Multiple responses	7,985
English and French	720
English and non-official language(s)	6,180
French and non-official language(s)	145
English, French and non-official language(s)	190
Multiple non-official languages	750
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	140,350
English	87,585
French	465
Non-official language	12,990
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	12,990
English and French	1,940
English and non-official language(s)	34,530
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,435
Multiple non-official languages	1,315
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	140,350
Single responses	132,835
Official languages	106,800
English	105,980
French	820
Non-official languages	26,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,035
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,210
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	285
Bilen	0
Oromo	15
Somali	265
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	925
Amharic	125
Arabic	675
Aramaic languages	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	5
Hebrew	20
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	470
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,210
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	55
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,035
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	480
Kannada	35
Malayalam	100
Tamil	225
Telugu	120
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	17,115
Albanian	530
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	8,495
Baltic languages	140
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	130
Slavic languages	8,355
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	135
Czech	75
Macedonian	30
Polish	2,535
Russian	1,970
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,330
Bosnian	80
Croatian	240
Serbian	995
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20
Slovak	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	85
Ukrainian	2,070
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	140
Frisian	0
High German languages	100
German	100
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	200
Indo-Iranian languages	2,710
Indo-Aryan languages	2,040
Assamese	10
Bengali	215
Gujarati	415
Hindi	675
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	90
Nepali	115
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	230
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	670
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	645
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	555
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,015
Catalan	0
Italian	810
Portuguese	1,725
Romanian	220
Spanish	2,265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	125
Korean	1,245
Mongolian	45
Niger-Congo languages	135
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,310
Chinese languages	1,695
Hakka	10
Mandarin	1,055
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	560
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,620
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	1,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50
Lao	5
Thai	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	320
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	0
Turkish	230
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	200
Estonian	15
Finnish	5
Hungarian	185
Other languages, n.i.e.	30
Multiple responses	7,515
English and French	435
English and non-official language(s)	6,800
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	100
Multiple non-official languages	135
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	140,350
None	107,020
English	10,100
French	1,530
Non-official language	16,605
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	16,595
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	1,840
French and non-official language(s)	760
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	2,260
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	139,920
Official languages	136,505
English	136,400
French	13,170
Non-official languages	67,705
Indigenous languages³⁹	50
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,675
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,620
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	735
Bilen	0
Oromo	30
Somali	700
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,980
Amharic	410
Arabic	2,185
Aramaic languages	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	215
Maltese	115
Tigrigna	125
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,165
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	1,145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,585
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	125
Fijian	20
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	275
Indonesian	190
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,275
Waray-Waray	80
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65
Creole languages	270
Haitian Creole	70
Jamaican English Creole	50
Krio	0
Morisyen	55
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	1,605
Kannada	200
Malayalam	390
Tamil	765
Telugu	425
Tulu	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	50
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	48,635
Albanian	1,265
Armenian	105
Balto-Slavic languages	19,085
Baltic languages	520
Latvian	120
Lithuanian	405
Slavic languages	18,640
Belarusian	90
Bulgarian	275
Czech	425
Macedonian	270
Polish	6,615
Russian	5,515
Rusyn	10
Serbo-Croatian	3,325
Bosnian	395
Croatian	1,315
Serbian	2,335
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80
Slovak	485
Slovene (Slovenian)	420
Ukrainian	5,170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	100
Irish	95
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,630
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,185
German	2,155
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	40
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	380
Afrikaans	165
Dutch	220
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	115
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	975
Indo-Iranian languages	10,190
Indo-Aryan languages	8,485
Assamese	55
Bengali	685
Gujarati	1,330
Hindi	5,805
Kacchi	70
Kashmiri	25
Konkani	95
Marathi	470
Nepali	590
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,455
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100
Urdu	1,260
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	1,775
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	100
Parsi	0
Pashto	45
Persian languages	1,660
Dari	200
Iranian Persian	1,285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	190
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Italic (Romance) languages	16,460
Catalan	0
Italian	4,935
Portuguese	4,720
Romanian	690
Spanish	7,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	610
Korean	2,070
Mongolian	110
Niger-Congo languages	1,050
Akan (Twi)	150
Bamanankan	10
Edo	25
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	25
Ganda	75
Gikuyu	20
Igbo	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	70
Luba-Kasai	10
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	230
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	285
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	35
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	165
American Sign Language	145
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,880
Chinese languages	4,220
Hakka	55
Mandarin	2,620
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195
Wu (Shanghainese)	70
Yue (Cantonese)	1,925
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,670
Burmese	35
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	2,600
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	65
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	225
Lao	65
Thai	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	815
Azerbaijani	65
Kazakh	20
Turkish	630
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	150
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	750
Estonian	100
Finnish	85
Hungarian	570
Other languages, n.i.e.	120
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,915
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,410
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	820
Métis	505
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40
Non-Indigenous identity	138,505
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	139,915
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	420
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	139,495
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,575
Owner	37,310
Renter	28,260
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,575
Condominium	24,950
Not condominium	40,620
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,575
No bedrooms	1,050
1 bedroom	20,485
2 bedrooms	22,480
3 bedrooms	13,500
4 or more bedrooms	8,065
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,575
1 to 4 rooms	36,070
5 rooms	8,335
6 rooms	6,395
7 rooms	4,755
8 or more rooms	10,015
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,575
One person or fewer per room	63,435
More than one person per room	2,140
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,575
Suitable	60,045
Not suitable	5,530
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,575
1960 or before	20,840
1961 to 1980	12,020
1981 to 1990	4,110
1991 to 2000	5,035
2001 to 2005	4,015
2006 to 2010	5,115
2011 to 2015	7,045
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,405
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,575
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	62,170
Major repairs needed	3,405
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,575
One-maintainer household	36,410
Two-maintainer household	26,695
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,465
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,575
15 to 24 years	1,175
25 to 34 years	12,250
35 to 44 years	12,945
45 to 54 years	11,330
55 to 64 years	12,060
65 to 74 years	8,860
75 to 84 years	4,735
85 years and over	2,220
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	65,195
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,565
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20,630
30% to less than 100%	17,990
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,575
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	26,510
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	18,060
Not suitable only	3,670
Major repairs needed only	1,860
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,370
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,055
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	340
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145
Acceptable housing	39,065
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,560
In core need	10,815
Not in core need	51,740
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,310
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7
% in core housing need⁶³	9.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,108
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,102,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,260
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.9
% in core housing need⁶³	28.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,592
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	139,920
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	335
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	275
Métis single ancestry	50
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,535
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,485
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,055
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	138,050
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	139,920
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	121,125
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,980
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	101,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	18,790
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	139,920
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,045
Immigrants⁸¹	54,665
Before 1980	11,150
1980 to 1990	6,740
1991 to 2000	10,895
2001 to 2010	11,480
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,400
2011 to 2015	5,315
2016 to 2021	9,085
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,200
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	54,665
Under 5 years	4,315
5 to 14 years	9,325
15 to 24 years	10,290
25 to 44 years	25,810
45 years and over	4,930
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	54,665
Americas	7,960
Brazil	880
Colombia	580
El Salvador	150
Guyana	615
Haiti	60
Jamaica	865
Mexico	590
Peru	205
Trinidad and Tobago	745
United States of America	1,100
Other places of birth in Americas	2,170
Europe	22,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	610
Croatia	525
France	300
Germany	755
Greece	275
Hungary	325
Italy	1,700
Netherlands	120
Poland	4,230
Portugal	1,675
Romania	600
Russian Federation	1,170
Serbia⁸⁶	900
Ukraine	3,310
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,480
Other places of birth in Europe	3,660
Africa	3,170
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85
Egypt	330
Eritrea	80
Ethiopia	315
Morocco	85
Nigeria	410
Somalia	445
South Africa, Republic of	325
Other places of birth in Africa	1,075
Asia	20,680
Afghanistan	195
Iran⁸⁸	1,185
Iraq	150
Lebanon	270
Syria⁸⁹	200
Turkey	340
China⁹⁰	2,255
Hong Kong⁹¹	655
Korea, South⁹²	1,540
Taiwan	145
Philippines	3,290
Viet Nam	775
Bangladesh	340
India	5,645
Pakistan	675
Sri Lanka	240
Other places of birth in Asia	2,805
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	215
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,085
Americas	1,300
Brazil	415
Colombia	85
Haiti	0
Jamaica	100
Mexico	145
United States of America	180
Venezuela⁹⁵	110
Other places of birth in Americas	270
Europe	1,845
France	60
Germany	55
Ireland⁹⁶	90
Italy	90
Russian Federation	195
Ukraine	660
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85
Other places of birth in Europe	605
Africa	585
Algeria	15
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10
Egypt	40
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	70
Morocco	20
Nigeria	210
Somalia	40
South Africa, Republic of	35
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125
Asia	5,305
Afghanistan	65
Bangladesh	70
China⁹⁰	450
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
India	2,730
Iran⁸⁸	125
Iraq	10
Israel	15
Japan	40
Jordan	35
Korea, South⁹²	175
Lebanon	40
Nepal	95
Pakistan	160
Philippines	560
Saudi Arabia	70
Sri Lanka	25
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	55
United Arab Emirates	60
Viet Nam	160
Other places of birth in Asia	280
Oceania and other⁹³	50
Australia	40
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	139,920
First generation¹⁰⁰	61,180
Second generation¹⁰¹	38,920
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,820
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	43,515
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	22,045
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,005
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,040
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,100
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,745
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	625
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	43,515
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,230
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,330
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,070
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,080
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	290
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,520
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	139,915
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,675
South Asian	10,850
Chinese	5,570
Black	8,020
Filipino	4,490
Arab	1,810
Latin American	4,590
Southeast Asian	2,085
West Asian	1,850
Korean	2,375
Japanese	760
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,550
Multiple visible minorities	2,735
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,245
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	139,920
Canadian	10,525
English	17,320
Irish	16,770
Scottish	15,465
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,180
German	8,395
Chinese	6,460
Italian	12,230
Indian (India)	7,655
Ukrainian	8,795
Dutch	2,575
Polish	10,125
Québécois	150
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,835
Filipino	4,555
French Canadian	1,250
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,885
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	520
Métis	535
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,240
Russian	3,370
Norwegian	535
Welsh	1,535
Portuguese	5,480
American	1,210
Spanish	2,465
Swedish	600
Hungarian	1,380
Acadian	295
Pakistani	915
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,505
Jewish	1,250
Punjabi	515
Vietnamese	1,475
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	700
Greek	1,925
Jamaican	2,020
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	985
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90
Korean	2,365
Romanian	1,080
Lebanese	625
Iranian	1,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	655
Danish	455
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	285
Sikh	90
Austrian	790
Belgian	325
Haitian	75
Hindu	865
Mexican	700
Mennonite	75
Swiss	550
Finnish	565
Sri Lankan	340
Croatian	1,545
Japanese	995
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	535
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	280
Muslim	330
Egyptian	560
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	930
Tamil	240
Icelandic	175
Colombian	605
Moroccan	120
Czech	725
Syrian	305
Guyanese	735
Afghan	265
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	550
Serbian	2,300
Ojibway	120
Newfoundlander	230
Hong Konger	245
Ontarian	250
Persian	555
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	940
Turkish	615
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10
Bangladeshi	315
Algerian	45
Brazilian	1,175
Nigerian	400
Armenian	325
Slovak	865
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	480
Somali	775
Taiwanese	190
Iraqi	210
Salvadorean	210
African Caribbean	385
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	495
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	375
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	420
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	565
Lithuanian	895
South African	255
Australian	275
Palestinian	310
Chilean	280
Congolese	130
Nova Scotian	100
Ethiopian	350
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	430
Peruvian	250
Yoruba	295
Cambodian (Khmer)	60
Berber	40
Albanian	1,390
Maltese	645
Macedonian	500
Slovenian	765
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155
New Brunswicker	25
Gujarati	210
Eritrean	125
African Canadian	220
Israeli	160
Mohawk	55
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160
Bulgarian	405
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	170
Barbadian	270
African American	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	205
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	660
Cuban	270
Bosnian	340
Venezuelan	370
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	340
Bengali	230
Cameroonian	30
Guatemalan	100
Indonesian	230
Laotian	100
Ilocano	75
Northern Irish	145
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	425
Franco Ontarian	30
Argentinian	235
Estonian	290
Kurdish	95
Fijian	45
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60
Coptic	35
Thai	165
Dominican	105
Nepali	115
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	40
Igbo	120
Byelorussian	300
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	70
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	75
Sudanese	70
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	80
Malaysian	110
Plains Cree	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	60
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	20
Buddhist	160
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	60
Ivorian	30
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	65
Mauritian	80
Kenyan	115
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	65
Jordanian	110
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	10
Grenadian	135
Malayali	50
Chaldean	10
Sinhalese	65
Mayan	85
Honduran	75
Cherokee	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20
Indo-Caribbean	80
Flemish	40
United Empire Loyalist	65
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	95
Sicilian	50
Pashtun	20
Malay	70
Goan	200
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50
Tibetan	2,370
Zimbabwean	65
Burmese	40
Mongolian	150
Azorean	115
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	50
Ugandan	130
Oromo	50
Tanzanian	95
Yemeni	20
Central African	0
Libyan	45
Basque	50
Uruguayan	60
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	85
Igorot	55
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	70
Prince Edward Islander	85
Maliseet	0
Beninese	15
Telugu	45
Roma	80
Costa Rican	45
African Nova Scotian	30
Malagasy	20
Kashmiri	60
Singaporean	20
Karen	0
Edo	30
Tajik	35
Amhara	50
Paraguayan	15
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	139,915
Buddhist	4,025
Christian	77,280
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,315
Anabaptist	95
Anglican	4,385
Baptist	930
Catholic	44,940
Christian Orthodox	7,370
Jehovah's Witness	490
Latter Day Saints	70
Lutheran	910
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,140
Presbyterian	1,575
Reformed	60
United Church	3,690
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,120
Hindu	5,325
Jewish	980
Muslim	6,765
Sikh	825
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	990
No religion and secular perspectives	43,700
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	138,425
Non-movers	119,650
Movers	18,770
Non-migrants	13,100
Migrants	5,670
Internal migrants	3,925
Intraprovincial migrants	3,525
Interprovincial migrants	405
External migrants	1,745
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	133,155
Non-movers	78,645
Movers	54,510
Non-migrants	29,180
Migrants	25,330
Internal migrants	15,020
Intraprovincial migrants	12,765
Interprovincial migrants	2,255
External migrants	10,305
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,355
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,110
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,965
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	83,075
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,900
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,745
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,505
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,500
Bachelor's degree or higher	54,175
Bachelor's degree	34,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,170
Master's degree	13,210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,675
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,830
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,245
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,670
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,570
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,520
Bachelor's degree or higher	44,335
Bachelor's degree	27,875
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850
Master's degree	11,170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,225
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,385
Education	3,990
13. Education	3,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,930
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	460
50. Visual and performing arts	4,465
Humanities	5,205
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	695
23. English language and literature/letters	1,380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,395
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145
38. Philosophy and religious studies	345
39. Theology and religious vocations	225
54. History	790
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,345
22. Legal professions and studies	2,410
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	380
42. Psychology	1,755
45. Social sciences	5,440
Business, management and public administration	21,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,895
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,885
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100
40. Physical sciences	1,135
41. Science technologies/technicians	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,325
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,285
25. Library science	205
27. Mathematics and statistics	675
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	160
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,900
04. Architecture and related services	1,195
14. Engineering	5,900
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,325
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,555
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,365
48. Precision production	555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,190
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	730
03. Natural resources and conservation	460
Health and related fields	8,885
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,060
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,480
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	310
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,940
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	840
49. Transportation and materials moving	425
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,555
Education	2,810
13. Education	2,810
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	365
50. Visual and performing arts	3,735
Humanities	3,785
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	495
23. English language and literature/letters	1,015
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	110
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255
39. Theology and religious vocations	150
54. History	595
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,055
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,880
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	935
22. Legal professions and studies	1,935
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	300
42. Psychology	1,410
45. Social sciences	4,405
Business, management and public administration	17,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	970
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,000
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,465
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	585
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100
40. Physical sciences	795
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,765
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,005
25. Library science	120
27. Mathematics and statistics	500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	140
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,920
04. Architecture and related services	930
14. Engineering	4,675
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,810
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	980
48. Precision production	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	950
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545
03. Natural resources and conservation	405
Health and related fields	6,830
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	870
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,705
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,345
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	755
49. Transportation and materials moving	335
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	85,645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,555
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	66,100
Location of study inside Canada	47,625
Same as province or territory of residence	43,780
Different than province or territory of residence	3,845
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,465
Americas	4,355
United States of America	2,215
Mexico	335
Cuba	95
Haiti	0
Jamaica	65
Brazil	785
Colombia	235
Peru	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	180
Other locations of study in Americas	380
Europe	6,715
Belgium	25
France	240
Germany	195
Netherlands	40
Switzerland	45
Hungary	65
Moldova¹⁸³	15
Poland	755
Romania	220
Russian Federation	550
Ukraine	1,510
Ireland⁹⁶	185
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110
Italy	130
Serbia⁸⁶	325
Other locations of study in Europe	1,145
Africa	780
Nigeria	170
Algeria	40
Morocco	30
Tunisia	0
Egypt	110
South Africa, Republic of	105
Other locations of study in Africa	320
Asia	6,265
Iran⁸⁸	330
Iraq	15
Israel	45
Lebanon	90
Syria⁸⁹	65
Turkey	125
China⁹⁰	360
Taiwan	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
Japan	125
Korea, South⁹²	330
Philippines	1,195
Viet Nam	105
Bangladesh	110
Sri Lanka	20
India	2,510
Pakistan	200
Other locations of study in Asia	570
Oceania	355
Australia	305
New Zealand	40
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,460
In the labour force	82,955
Employed	73,170
Unemployed	9,780
Not in the labour force	38,510
Participation rate	68.3
Employment rate	60.2
Unemployment rate	11.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	40,420
Worked	81,040
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	46,895
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,145
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,950
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,495
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	80,455
Employee	67,225
Permanent position	58,260
Temporary position	8,965
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,480
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,490
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,230
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,950
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,495
All occupations¹⁹¹	80,455
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,675
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,920
3 Health occupations	5,270
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,955
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,430
6 Sales and service occupations	18,150
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	475
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,260
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,950
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,495
All industries¹⁹¹	80,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145
22 Utilities	505
23 Construction	5,605
31-33 Manufacturing	5,395
41 Wholesale trade	3,610
44-45 Retail trade	8,025
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,100
51 Information and cultural industries	3,585
52 Finance and insurance	6,735
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,280
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,625
55 Management of companies and enterprises	515
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,590
61 Educational services	5,705
62 Health care and social assistance	7,855
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,600
72 Accommodation and food services	3,155
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,940
91 Public administration	3,315
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	87,045
English	80,130
French	170
Non-official language	570
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	570
English and French	2,105
English and non-official language(s)	3,810
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	225
Multiple non-official languages	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	87,045
Single responses	86,190
Official languages	84,830
English	84,445
French	385
Non-official languages	1,360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360
Afro-Asiatic languages	30
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	880
Albanian	25
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	455
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	455
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	150
Russian	100
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	160
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60
Indo-Aryan languages	35
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	330
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	145
Romanian	0
Spanish	150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	110
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175
Chinese languages	150
Hakka	0
Mandarin	115
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	45
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	45
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	855
English and French	295
English and non-official language(s)	530
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	87,045
None	81,625
English	890
French	1,610
Non-official language	2,250
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	2,240
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	75
French and non-official language(s)	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	410
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	73,170
Worked at home	30,315
Worked outside Canada	360
No fixed workplace address	7,780
Usual place of work	34,710
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,710
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,575
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,090
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,490
Car, truck or van	29,435
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,800
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,640
Public transit	9,210
Walked	1,980
Bicycle	510
Other method	1,350
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,490
Less than 15 minutes	7,680
15 to 29 minutes	14,370
30 to 44 minutes	11,460
45 to 59 minutes	4,810
60 minutes and over	4,175
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,400
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,505
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,165
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,375
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,015
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,025
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,210
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,700
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,730
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,560
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,030
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,175

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released March 29, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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