Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fredericton, City (C)More information: New Brunswick [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	63,116	...	...
Population, 2016¹	58,721^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	29,892	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	28,478	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	471.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	133.93	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	63,115	30,205	32,910
0 to 14 years	9,120	4,615	4,505
0 to 4 years	2,760	1,420	1,340
5 to 9 years	3,255	1,650	1,605
10 to 14 years	3,100	1,540	1,555
15 to 64 years	41,455	20,275	21,180
15 to 19 years	3,340	1,670	1,670
20 to 24 years	5,590	2,810	2,780
25 to 29 years	5,005	2,565	2,440
30 to 34 years	4,300	2,130	2,170
35 to 39 years	4,310	2,130	2,185
40 to 44 years	3,995	1,960	2,035
45 to 49 years	3,770	1,765	2,010
50 to 54 years	3,585	1,705	1,885
55 to 59 years	3,830	1,790	2,040
60 to 64 years	3,730	1,755	1,975
65 years and over	12,540	5,320	7,225
65 to 69 years	3,555	1,565	1,990
70 to 74 years	3,275	1,445	1,835
75 to 79 years	2,340	1,015	1,325
80 to 84 years	1,735	735	995
85 years and over	1,650	565	1,085
85 to 89 years	995	370	625
90 to 94 years	500	150	355
95 to 99 years	135	35	100
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.1	64.4
65 years and over	19.9	17.6	22.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.3
Average age of the population	41.7	40.2	43.0
Median age of the population	40.0	38.0	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	28,475	...	...
Single-detached house	12,460	...	...
Semi-detached house	790	...	...
Row house	1,245	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,375	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,930	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	420	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,095	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	28,480	...	...
1 person	9,690	...	...
2 persons	10,675	...	...
3 persons	3,815	...	...
4 persons	2,915	...	...
5 or more persons	1,390	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,835	29,690	32,145
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	53,995	25,590	28,410
Married or living common-law	28,895	14,445	14,445
Married	22,570	11,285	11,285
Living common-law	6,320	3,160	3,165
Living common law - Never married	4,840	2,440	2,405
Living common law - Separated	300	160	145
Living common law - Divorced	1,045	510	530
Living common law - Widowed	135	50	80
Not married and not living common-law	25,105	11,145	13,965
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,740	8,705	8,035
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,675	665	1,010
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,495	1,180	2,315
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,200	600	2,600
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,955	...	...
2 persons	9,915	...	...
3 persons	3,315	...	...
4 persons	2,680	...	...
5 or more persons	1,045	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,960	...	...
Total couple families	14,165	...	...
Married couples	11,000	...	...
With children⁶	5,150	...	...
Without children	5,850	...	...
Common-law couples	3,165	...	...
With children⁶	925	...	...
Without children	2,240	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,795	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,250	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,835	29,690	32,145
Total - Persons in census families	46,200	22,575	23,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	28,330	14,150	14,175
Parents in one-parent families	2,790	545	2,250
Children⁶	15,080	7,880	7,200
In a two-parent family	11,005	5,665	5,340
In a one-parent family	4,075	2,215	1,855
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,640	7,120	8,515
Living alone	9,695	3,900	5,790
Living with other relatives⁷	1,165	495	675
Living with non-relatives only	4,780	2,725	2,050
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	28,480	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,635	...	...
Couple-family households	13,265	...	...
With children⁶	5,700	...	...
Without children	7,565	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,370	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	335	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	660	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,070	...	...
One-person households	9,690	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	52,730	25,085	27,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,985	24,205	26,785
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,000	24,210	26,785
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,520	22,520	23,990
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,150	18,715	18,430
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,955	17,425	22,520
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,700	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,860	2,870	2,995
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,305	6,255	7,045
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	52,730	25,080	27,650
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,025	24,185	26,840
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	57,250	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,040	24,200	26,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	46,880	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,590	22,495	24,095
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,650	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,145	18,725	18,420
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	50,440	39,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,915	17,380	22,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,810	10,240	11,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,555	2,760	2,790
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,375	6,270	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,045	6,240	6,800
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,240	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	52,730	25,080	27,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,085	10,260	8,825
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	62,400	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,500	72,700	61,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,240	6,510	7,725
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000	16,400	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,940	25,400	20,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.2	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	68.2	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	12.8	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.3	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.7	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	52,735	25,080	27,650
Without total income	1,745	880	865
With total income	50,985	24,200	26,785
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,955	1,775	2,180
$10,000 to $19,999	5,825	2,295	3,530
$20,000 to $29,999	8,375	3,560	4,815
$30,000 to $39,999	7,110	3,175	3,930
$40,000 to $49,999	6,360	2,815	3,545
$50,000 to $59,999	4,675	2,180	2,490
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	1,975	1,690
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	1,485	1,365
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,180	1,055
$90,000 to $99,999	1,530	850	685
$100,000 and over	4,405	2,900	1,505
$100,000 to $149,999	3,000	1,910	1,095
$150,000 and over	1,400	990	415
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	52,735	25,080	27,650
Without after-tax income	1,735	870	860
With after-tax income	51,000	24,215	26,790
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,195	1,825	2,375
$10,000 to $19,999	6,075	2,405	3,675
$20,000 to $29,999	9,855	4,350	5,505
$30,000 to $39,999	8,640	3,800	4,835
$40,000 to $49,999	7,005	3,265	3,740
$50,000 to $59,999	4,975	2,530	2,450
$60,000 to $69,999	3,595	1,925	1,665
$70,000 to $79,999	2,330	1,255	1,070
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	840	510
$90,000 to $99,999	880	585	295
$100,000 and over	2,095	1,430	660
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080	705	375
$125,000 and over	1,015	730	285
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	52,735	25,080	27,650
Without employment income	15,585	6,365	9,220
With employment income	37,145	18,715	18,430
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,710	2,200	2,510
$5,000 to $9,999	3,400	1,520	1,880
$10,000 to $19,999	4,830	2,235	2,590
$20,000 to $29,999	3,890	1,935	1,955
$30,000 to $39,999	3,640	1,705	1,930
$40,000 to $49,999	3,550	1,645	1,900
$50,000 to $59,999	2,790	1,405	1,385
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475	1,370	1,100
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945	1,065	880
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620	840	780
$90,000 to $99,999	1,140	645	500
$100,000 and over	3,160	2,145	1,015
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	960	530
$125,000 and over	1,675	1,185	485
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	52,730	25,085	27,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,825	23,610	26,215
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,850	23,615	26,235
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,725	22,105	23,615
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,810	18,490	18,320
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,180	14,820	20,360
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,240	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,550	2,255	2,295
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	52,730	25,080	27,650
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,695	23,570	26,120
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,920	54,650	41,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,725	23,580	26,150
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,640	35,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,670	22,070	23,595
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	53,350	38,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,650	18,470	18,175
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	50,240	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,100	14,855	20,245
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,460	8,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,350	2,170	2,175
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,520	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,935	10,200	8,735
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,200	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900	68,100	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,045	5,955	7,085
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320	30,640	24,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.4	84.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.0	64.8
Government transfers (%)	12.0	8.6	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	28,480	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,690	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,790	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	28,480	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,690	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,790	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	28,475	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	490	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,195	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,140	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,295	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,345	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,010	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,040	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,300	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,810	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	28,475	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	515	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,340	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,335	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,585	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,945	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,660	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,365	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,980	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,615	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,710	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,765	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,180	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,065	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,755	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,690	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,465	6,625	7,840
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	32,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,750	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,135	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,680	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,420	6,625	7,795
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	44,600	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	37,760	38,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,835	29,690	32,140
0 to 17 years	10,925	5,535	5,390
0 to 5 years	3,365	1,740	1,630
18 to 64 years	39,295	19,140	20,155
65 years and over	11,615	5,020	6,595
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,320	3,745	4,575
0 to 17 years	1,920	1,010	915
0 to 5 years	630	335	295
18 to 64 years	4,880	2,240	2,640
65 years and over	1,520	495	1,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.6	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.6	18.2	16.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.7	19.2	18.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	11.7	13.1
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.9	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,840	29,690	32,145
0 to 17 years	10,925	5,530	5,395
0 to 5 years	3,365	1,740	1,625
18 to 64 years	39,295	19,140	20,155
65 years and over	11,615	5,015	6,600
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,770	1,875	1,890
0 to 17 years	640	345	290
0 to 5 years	195	105	85
18 to 64 years	2,935	1,470	1,470
65 years and over	195	65	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.3	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.7	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,835	29,690	32,140
In bottom half of the distribution	35,350	16,690	18,665
In bottom decile	8,180	3,830	4,350
In second decile	7,255	3,405	3,855
In third decile	7,100	3,310	3,785
In fourth decile	6,675	3,200	3,480
In fifth decile	6,140	2,945	3,200
In top half of the distribution	26,485	13,005	13,480
In sixth decile	5,945	2,880	3,065
In seventh decile	5,680	2,755	2,925
In eighth decile	5,475	2,660	2,815
In ninth decile	4,895	2,440	2,460
In top decile	4,490	2,265	2,225
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,840	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,250	29,850	32,400
English only	46,595	22,915	23,680
French only	205	85	115
English and French	15,100	6,675	8,420
Neither English nor French	360	180	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,250	29,850	32,400
English	57,460	27,705	29,755
French	3,900	1,725	2,170
English and French	560	265	300
Neither English nor French	335	160	175
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,250	29,850	32,400
Single responses	60,355	28,950	31,405
Official languages	53,705	25,565	28,135
English	49,915	23,895	26,020
French	3,785	1,670	2,115
Non-official languages	6,655	3,380	3,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	20
Algonquian languages	35	20	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	20	15
Mi'kmaq	20	10	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	15	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,610	3,365	3,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,400	730	660
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,385	725	655
Amharic	25	15	10
Arabic	1,295	675	620
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	155	75	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	365	160	205
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	45	15	30
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	125	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	100	60
Kannada	15	10	5
Malayalam	35	20	15
Tamil	45	30	20
Telugu	65	40	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,960	1,515	1,440
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	630	310	320
Baltic languages	20	5	10
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	15	5	10
Slavic languages	610	300	310
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	50	20	25
Russian	365	195	175
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55
Bosnian	30	15	15
Croatian	30	15	10
Serbian	50	20	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	20	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	315	145	170
Frisian	5	0	5
High German languages	165	80	90
German	160	75	85
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	60
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	115	55	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	730	565
Indo-Aryan languages	925	535	390
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	165	100	70
Gujarati	45	35	15
Hindi	200	110	90
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	30	15	10
Nepali	95	45	45
Oriya languages	5	5	0
Odia	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	150	100
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	110	60	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	370	195	175
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15
Persian languages	305	165	140
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	285	150	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	685	320	365
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	180	85	90
Romanian	45	20	25
Spanish	420	200	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	20
Korean	210	115	100
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	275	130	140
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35
Shona	10	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	75	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	25	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	910	465	445
Chinese languages	890	455	440
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	745	385	360
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	20
Azerbaijani	5	5	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Multiple responses	1,900	905	995
English and French	860	380	480
English and non-official language(s)	860	430	435
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,250	29,850	32,400
English	50,905	24,365	26,540
French	1,380	620	765
Non-official language	1,960	1,010	955
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	1,955	1,005	950
English and French	2,735	1,205	1,530
English and non-official language(s)	4,590	2,335	2,255
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	475	230	245
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,250	29,850	32,400
Single responses	60,565	28,985	31,585
Official languages	56,495	26,910	29,585
English	54,565	26,055	28,515
French	1,925	850	1,075
Non-official languages	4,075	2,075	2,000
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	10
Algonquian languages	5	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	10
Mi'kmaq	5	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,065	2,075	1,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	980	495	485
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	970	490	480
Amharic	15	5	10
Arabic	920	455	460
Aramaic languages	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	60	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	70	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	30	15	15
Telugu	35	25	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,695	885	815
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	215	190
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	400	205	190
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	275	150	125
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35
Bosnian	20	5	15
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	35	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	20
German	30	15	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	15	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	450	390
Indo-Aryan languages	580	325	250
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	100	55	40
Gujarati	40	25	15
Hindi	135	75	60
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	5
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	55	30	30
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	90	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	60	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	265	125	135
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	5	10
Persian languages	215	110	105
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	200	105	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	195	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5
Portuguese	130	65	65
Romanian	30	10	15
Spanish	235	115	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0
Korean	170	90	80
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	50	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	10
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	55	25	35
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	15
American Sign Language	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	330	320
Chinese languages	635	320	315
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	565	285	280
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,690	870	820
English and French	495	240	255
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	575	515
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,250	29,855	32,400
None	55,655	26,720	28,930
English	2,120	1,045	1,075
French	1,835	795	1,040
Non-official language	1,835	885	945
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	20
Non-Indigenous	1,800	865	930
English and French	90	40	50
English and non-official language(s)	270	140	125
French and non-official language(s)	205	105	105
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	230	120	110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,840	29,705	32,135
Official languages	61,470	29,540	31,930
English	61,310	29,485	31,825
French	15,175	6,810	8,365
Non-official languages	9,300	4,575	4,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	60	40
Algonquian languages	95	60	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	85	55	35
Mi'kmaq	55	25	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	35	30	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,215	4,525	4,690
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,020	1,020	990
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	65	30	30
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15
Somali	35	25	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,950	990	960
Amharic	60	25	35
Arabic	1,730	870	860
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	75	60
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	30	15	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	105	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	180	100	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	610	265	340
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	30	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	30	30	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515	210	310
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Creole languages	50	35	15
Haitian Creole	10	10	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	10	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0
Dravidian languages	260	135	130
Kannada	35	20	15
Malayalam	60	25	35
Tamil	150	75	75
Telugu	80	50	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,515	2,170	2,340
Albanian	25	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	775	365	405
Baltic languages	30	15	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	15	15
Slavic languages	755	350	405
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	55	20	30
Russian	515	250	265
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	70
Bosnian	55	20	35
Croatian	50	25	30
Serbian	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	205	85	120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	0	20
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	20
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	605	285	325
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	455	210	240
German	450	210	235
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	65
Afrikaans	35	15	20
Dutch	95	45	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	20	30
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	0
Swedish	25	15	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,670	890	780
Indo-Aryan languages	1,310	675	630
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	210	110	100
Gujarati	120	70	55
Hindi	730	385	345
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	100	50	45
Nepali	150	65	80
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	340	180	150
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10
Urdu	235	130	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Iranian languages	370	220	150
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	335	210	125
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	320	190	125
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,565	660	910
Catalan	10	10	0
Italian	220	100	125
Portuguese	220	125	95
Romanian	60	25	35
Spanish	1,250	500	755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	95	50	45
Korean	225	115	120
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	510	260	245
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	20
Lingala	50	15	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	70	55
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	310	160	150
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	85	40	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	20	85
American Sign Language	110	20	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,055	560	500
Chinese languages	1,050	560	495
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	945	510	435
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	65	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	55	30
Azerbaijani	10	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	75	45	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	40	40
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	20
Hungarian	40	25	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835	29,705	32,130
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,180	935	1,250
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,065	890	1,170
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,535	635	895
Métis	435	205	230
Inuk (Inuit)	95	50	45
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	25	65
Non-Indigenous identity	59,655	28,765	30,890
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,835	29,705	32,130
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,110	455	655
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	60,725	29,245	31,475
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	28,480	...	...
Owner	16,110	...	...
Renter	12,365	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	28,480	...	...
Condominium	1,920	...	...
Not condominium	26,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	28,480	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...
1 bedroom	3,535	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,635	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,305	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	28,480	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,825	...	...
5 rooms	4,960	...	...
6 rooms	3,945	...	...
7 rooms	2,810	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,935	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	28,480	...	...
One person or fewer per room	28,070	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	28,480	...	...
Suitable	27,490	...	...
Not suitable	990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	28,480	...	...
1960 or before	5,615	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,845	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,545	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,025	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,355	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,105	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	28,480	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	26,690	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,785	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	28,480	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,160	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,380	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	940	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	28,480	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,260	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,610	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,265	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,635	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,310	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,560	...	...
85 years and over	990	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	28,345	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,765	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,575	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	28,480	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,695	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,015	...	...
Not suitable only	770	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,260	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,780	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	27,830	...	...
In core need	2,515	...	...
Not in core need	25,310	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	273,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,365	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,835	29,700	32,130
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955	405	550
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	955	400	550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	845	350	495
Métis single ancestry	45	15	35
Inuit single ancestry	60	35	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,270	980	1,295
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,205	940	1,260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,740	730	1,010
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	180	230
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	58,610	28,320	30,290
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,835	29,700	32,135
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,870	26,700	29,165
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,475	4,730	4,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,400	21,970	24,425
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,965	3,000	2,965
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,835	29,700	32,135
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,300	25,000	27,300
Immigrants⁸¹	7,790	3,760	4,030
Before 1980	1,115	460	650
1980 to 1990	305	150	155
1991 to 2000	600	250	345
2001 to 2010	1,270	640	630
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,500	2,245	2,255
2011 to 2015	1,025	525	500
2016 to 2021	3,475	1,720	1,750
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,745	945	805
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,790	3,760	4,035
Under 5 years	835	420	415
5 to 14 years	1,680	825	850
15 to 24 years	1,055	430	625
25 to 44 years	3,670	1,760	1,915
45 years and over	550	325	225
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,790	3,760	4,035
Americas	930	410	515
Brazil	30	20	15
Colombia	40	25	20
El Salvador	10	0	10
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	15	35
Mexico	35	15	20
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15
United States of America	570	260	315
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	80
Europe	1,705	790	915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40
Croatia	20	10	0
France	55	30	30
Germany	120	60	65
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	35	10	20
Netherlands	50	30	15
Poland	20	0	20
Portugal	25	15	10
Romania	50	15	35
Russian Federation	130	65	60
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10
Ukraine	165	70	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	355	405
Other places of birth in Europe	180	80	100
Africa	1,195	630	565
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	185	75	110
Egypt	295	175	125
Eritrea	25	15	10
Ethiopia	40	20	20
Morocco	25	10	10
Nigeria	160	75	80
Somalia	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	35
Other places of birth in Africa	380	215	160
Asia	3,935	1,915	2,015
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	240	145	100
Iraq	60	30	35
Lebanon	205	100	105
Syria⁸⁹	505	240	260
Turkey	50	25	25
China⁹⁰	650	335	310
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	25
Korea, South⁹²	170	80	90
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	500	205	295
Viet Nam	140	80	60
Bangladesh	140	80	65
India	455	240	210
Pakistan	160	90	75
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	575	235	340
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	10	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,475	1,720	1,750
Americas	210	100	115
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	10
Mexico	15	0	15
United States of America	55	30	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	75	40	35
Europe	315	175	140
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	95	50	50
Ukraine	105	50	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15
Africa	800	400	395
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	60	35	25
Cameroon	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	35	95
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	240	135	105
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	150	70	75
Somalia	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Sudan⁹⁷	35	20	10
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	65	40
Asia	2,140	1,040	1,095
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	100	55	45
China⁹⁰	245	125	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	290	165	125
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	40
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	60	25	35
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	30	20	15
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Lebanon	65	25	40
Nepal	60	25	35
Pakistan	100	50	50
Philippines	300	135	170
Saudi Arabia	65	35	35
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	490	230	255
Turkey	30	15	15
United Arab Emirates	75	15	55
Viet Nam	60	45	15
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	25
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0
Australia	10	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,835	29,705	32,135
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,200	5,025	5,170
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,715	2,785	2,930
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,925	21,890	24,030
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,675	3,290	3,380
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,500	2,340	2,160
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,690	1,145	550
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,805	1,195	1,610
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	850	290	565
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,315	665	655
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,675	3,290	3,380
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	45	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	775	390	390
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	360	175	185
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	535	305	230
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,920	2,385	2,535
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,835	29,705	32,130
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,660	4,355	4,300
South Asian	1,775	900	875
Chinese	1,135	575	560
Black	1,780	875	905
Filipino	600	265	340
Arab	1,555	790	760
Latin American	520	260	260
Southeast Asian	315	165	150
West Asian	440	240	200
Korean	225	120	110
Japanese	50	15	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	55	35
Multiple visible minorities	175	100	70
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	53,175	25,345	27,835
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,840	29,705	32,135
Canadian	9,435	4,520	4,915
English	15,495	7,255	8,235
Irish	16,480	7,715	8,765
Scottish	15,340	7,230	8,115
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,950	3,820	4,130
German	3,590	1,705	1,885
Chinese	1,220	610	605
Italian	885	420	465
Indian (India)	875	440	440
Ukrainian	755	350	400
Dutch	1,795	845	945
Polish	540	255	285
Québécois	210	130	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,300	1,105	1,195
Filipino	640	285	350
French Canadian	600	280	320
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,900	1,405	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	975	400	580
Métis	480	215	265
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,280	615	660
Russian	450	225	225
Norwegian	450	215	240
Welsh	1,845	805	1,040
Portuguese	220	105	110
American	615	280	340
Spanish	375	205	170
Swedish	310	135	175
Hungarian	230	120	110
Acadian	3,520	1,580	1,940
Pakistani	245	105	145
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550	255	290
Jewish	405	200	195
Punjabi	90	45	50
Vietnamese	205	100	105
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	385	225	165
Greek	130	70	60
Jamaican	80	35	45
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	65	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	25	50
Korean	205	105	95
Romanian	120	55	65
Lebanese	625	335	295
Iranian	300	160	140
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	125	110
Danish	545	255	285
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	450	165	280
Sikh	30	15	20
Austrian	170	95	75
Belgian	170	65	110
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	95	50	50
Mexican	195	115	85
Mennonite	35	10	25
Swiss	85	25	55
Finnish	120	70	45
Sri Lankan	35	15	20
Croatian	55	30	25
Japanese	65	25	40
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	30	40
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	620	275	340
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	270	115	155
Muslim	140	65	75
Egyptian	430	240	190
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25
Tamil	50	25	25
Icelandic	15	15	0
Colombian	95	45	50
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	65	35	30
Syrian	540	250	290
Guyanese	45	15	30
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	35	65
Serbian	70	30	40
Ojibway	40	20	20
Newfoundlander	245	100	145
Hong Konger	10	10	0
Ontarian	60	35	25
Persian	90	60	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	0
Turkish	105	60	45
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155	85	70
Bangladeshi	145	85	55
Algerian	30	20	15
Brazilian	130	70	55
Nigerian	145	70	80
Armenian	30	15	10
Slovak	15	0	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	25	0
Somali	45	30	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	25	30
Salvadorean	25	15	10
African Caribbean	75	30	45
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	165	65	100
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	20
Algonquin	25	15	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	30	20
Lithuanian	65	35	30
South African	85	40	40
Australian	40	20	25
Palestinian	35	25	10
Chilean	10	0	10
Congolese	155	80	85
Nova Scotian	200	105	95
Ethiopian	65	25	40
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	30	20
Peruvian	30	10	20
Yoruba	65	40	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	25	10	10
Maltese	35	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	55	70
New Brunswicker	1,310	585	720
Gujarati	15	15	0
Eritrean	40	20	20
African Canadian	95	35	60
Israeli	40	25	10
Mohawk	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	45	15	25
Barbadian	15	10	10
African American	70	35	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	15
Cuban	25	10	20
Bosnian	35	10	25
Venezuelan	20	0	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10
Latvian	30	20	10
Bengali	45	20	20
Cameroonian	60	45	15
Guatemalan	40	10	25
Indonesian	35	10	30
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	20	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	65	75
British Columbian	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	30	10	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	70	20	50
Kurdish	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	40	50
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	25	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	130	60	65
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Byelorussian	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	30	15	25
Sudanese	45	30	15
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	35	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	25	10	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	15
Burundian	70	35	35
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	30	25	0
Rwandan	15	0	15
Grenadian	10	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0
Mayan	15	15	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	40	25	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	55	20	45
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	10	25
United Empire Loyalist	100	40	50
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	40	15	25
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	10	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	135	75	60
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	25	0	25
Maliseet	310	150	160
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	20	20	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,835	29,705	32,130
Buddhist	225	145	80
Christian	32,295	14,285	18,015
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,815	2,290	2,525
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	3,575	1,570	2,005
Baptist	3,880	1,690	2,190
Catholic	11,775	5,195	6,575
Christian Orthodox	320	135	185
Jehovah's Witness	100	35	60
Latter Day Saints	95	50	40
Lutheran	125	55	75
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	585	260	325
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,070	430	635
Presbyterian	625	290	335
Reformed	25	0	25
United Church	3,810	1,645	2,165
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,505	630	875
Hindu	820	415	405
Jewish	160	80	80
Muslim	2,305	1,165	1,135
Sikh	190	80	105
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670	245	425
No religion and secular perspectives	25,150	13,285	11,865
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,270	29,395	31,875
Non-movers	50,560	24,140	26,415
Movers	10,720	5,255	5,465
Non-migrants	6,910	3,430	3,485
Migrants	3,810	1,830	1,980
Internal migrants	3,175	1,530	1,650
Intraprovincial migrants	1,840	905	930
Interprovincial migrants	1,340	625	715
External migrants	635	300	335
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,065	28,255	30,800
Non-movers	29,730	14,015	15,710
Movers	29,335	14,245	15,095
Non-migrants	12,285	5,930	6,360
Migrants	17,050	8,310	8,740
Internal migrants	12,910	6,230	6,675
Intraprovincial migrants	8,100	3,855	4,250
Interprovincial migrants	4,805	2,380	2,430
External migrants	4,140	2,075	2,060
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,905	2,925	2,985
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,820	22,155	24,665
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,215	15,680	16,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,720	965	755
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,495	14,715	15,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,730	25,080	27,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,345	2,630	2,715
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,255	7,130	7,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,130	15,320	17,810
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,910	5,725	7,180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,515	1,595	925
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,330	635	700
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,185	960	225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,395	3,785	5,615
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	995	345	645
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,220	9,595	10,630
Bachelor's degree	13,080	5,995	7,085
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	895	390	505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	215	205
Master's degree	4,745	2,300	2,445
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,090	695	395
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,220	15,680	16,540
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,545	870	680
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,145	3,885	3,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,525	10,930	12,595
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,380	3,850	4,535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,495	970	525
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800	395	405
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	695	575	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,255	2,650	3,605
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630	230	400
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,145	7,080	8,065
Bachelor's degree	9,700	4,475	5,225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	260	365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	155	190
Master's degree	3,730	1,745	1,980
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	745	435	305
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,735	25,080	27,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,600	9,760	9,840
Education	2,950	775	2,175
13. Education	2,950	775	2,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	405	645
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	65	30
50. Visual and performing arts	950	340	615
Humanities	2,425	1,030	1,390
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	35	130
23. English language and literature/letters	550	200	350
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	655	195	455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	45	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	95	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	145	55
54. History	495	285	205
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	30	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,510	1,565	2,940
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	10	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	160	215
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	45	445
22. Legal professions and studies	745	280	465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	50	65
42. Psychology	1,075	205	870
45. Social sciences	1,660	815	845
Business, management and public administration	6,675	2,470	4,200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	150	485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,020	2,315	3,710
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,605	775	830
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675	255	415
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	175	170
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0	50
40. Physical sciences	480	330	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,240	1,580	660
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,915	1,420	500
25. Library science	140	55	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	95	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,005	4,420	585
04. Architecture and related services	135	80	50
14. Engineering	2,125	1,765	365
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	875	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	890	850	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	620	595	25
48. Precision production	260	255	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	905	580	325
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	140	160
03. Natural resources and conservation	600	435	165
Health and related fields	4,255	965	3,285
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	270	225
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,585	605	2,975
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	90	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,505	745	760
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925	265	660
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	315	240	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	205	20
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,215	15,680	16,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,695	4,755	3,940
Education	1,695	465	1,230
13. Education	1,695	465	1,230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	305	455
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	45	15
50. Visual and performing arts	700	260	440
Humanities	1,690	695	995
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	30	115
23. English language and literature/letters	405	150	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	140	340
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	35	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	70	40
54. History	315	190	125
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,410	1,105	2,305
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	135	190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	25	315
22. Legal professions and studies	575	185	395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	50
42. Psychology	815	130	680
45. Social sciences	1,245	605	640
Business, management and public administration	4,825	1,815	3,010
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	80	380
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,355	1,730	2,630
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,115	535	575
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	180	295
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	125	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25
40. Physical sciences	335	220	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,860	1,345	515
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,665	1,245	420
25. Library science	90	40	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,480	2,985	490
04. Architecture and related services	90	50	35
14. Engineering	1,640	1,325	310
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	690	610	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	550	520	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	345	320	20
48. Precision production	160	155	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	395	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	110	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	290	130
Health and related fields	2,980	725	2,250
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	340	185	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,475	465	2,015
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	75	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	545	515
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640	205	435
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	220	170	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	20
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,215	15,680	16,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,695	4,755	3,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,520	10,925	12,595
Location of study inside Canada	20,155	9,270	10,885
Same as province or territory of residence	15,005	6,965	8,040
Different than province or territory of residence	5,150	2,310	2,845
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,370	1,660	1,710
Americas	700	345	350
United States of America	440	235	205
Mexico	55	10	40
Cuba	20	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	20
Brazil	70	35	35
Colombia	20	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	25
Europe	750	385	365
Belgium	10	0	10
France	25	15	10
Germany	35	20	20
Netherlands	20	20	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	45	20	30
Ukraine	120	65	60
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330	180	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10
Italy	20	0	15
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	25
Africa	420	215	205
Nigeria	55	25	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	160	85	75
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10
Other locations of study in Africa	155	75	75
Asia	1,445	685	755
Iran⁸⁸	100	55	45
Iraq	15	10	0
Israel	30	15	15
Lebanon	30	10	20
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	30
Turkey	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	225	125	100
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40
Philippines	320	140	185
Viet Nam	30	15	15
Bangladesh	55	15	30
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	305	140	165
Pakistan	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Asia	115	65	50
Oceania	55	25	35
Australia	45	15	35
New Zealand	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	52,730	25,080	27,650
In the labour force	34,905	17,790	17,115
Employed	31,920	16,195	15,730
Unemployed	2,985	1,600	1,385
Not in the labour force	17,825	7,290	10,540
Participation rate	66.2	70.9	61.9
Employment rate	60.5	64.6	56.9
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.0	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	52,735	25,080	27,650
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,985	7,450	10,540
Worked	34,740	17,635	17,110
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,535	10,580	8,960
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,200	7,050	8,150
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,905	17,795	17,115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730
Employee	30,680	15,360	15,325
Permanent position	24,425	12,275	12,145
Temporary position	6,260	3,090	3,175
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,180	1,085	1,095
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,075	2,000	2,080
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,445	2,040	1,405
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,905	17,795	17,115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385
All occupations¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	320	135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,840	1,995	3,840
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,065	3,200	865
3 Health occupations	2,835	615	2,220
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,215	2,620	3,595
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	530	575
6 Sales and service occupations	9,170	4,170	5,000
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,475	3,195	285
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	335	95
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530	420	115
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,905	17,795	17,115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	780	395	385
All industries¹⁹¹	34,130	17,400	16,730
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	295	205	95
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	35	0
22 Utilities	660	440	225
23 Construction	1,665	1,480	185
31-33 Manufacturing	915	685	230
41 Wholesale trade	585	435	150
44-45 Retail trade	4,180	2,060	2,120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,095	740	360
51 Information and cultural industries	975	635	345
52 Finance and insurance	985	430	550
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	235	210
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,505	2,275	1,225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,395	845	550
61 Educational services	3,720	1,515	2,200
62 Health care and social assistance	4,590	975	3,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	490	255	235
72 Accommodation and food services	2,580	1,180	1,400
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,490	635	860
91 Public administration	4,425	2,315	2,110
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	37,165	18,820	18,345
English	32,745	17,030	15,715
French	310	95	215
Non-official language	45	30	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	30	15
English and French	3,610	1,445	2,160
English and non-official language(s)	385	190	200
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	37,165	18,820	18,345
Single responses	36,615	18,585	18,025
Official languages	36,520	18,530	17,985
English	35,880	18,335	17,545
French	635	195	445
Non-official languages	95	55	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	55	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15
Chinese languages	30	20	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	550	230	315
English and French	495	210	290
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	37,165	18,820	18,345
None	33,635	17,385	16,255
English	370	115	250
French	2,795	1,140	1,655
Non-official language	290	130	155
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	10
Non-Indigenous	265	115	150
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	31,920	16,195	15,725
Worked at home	6,855	3,680	3,175
Worked outside Canada	70	50	20
No fixed workplace address	3,015	2,000	1,015
Usual place of work	21,985	10,465	11,520
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,985	10,465	11,520
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,860	8,440	10,420
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,160	720	440
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,835	1,230	610
Commute to a different province or territory	125	75	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,995	12,465	12,535
Car, truck or van	21,305	10,775	10,530
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,945	9,970	8,980
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,360	805	1,545
Public transit	920	355	565
Walked	1,940	865	1,075
Bicycle	345	215	125
Other method	490	250	240
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,995	12,465	12,535
Less than 15 minutes	13,790	6,320	7,470
15 to 29 minutes	8,805	4,640	4,170
30 to 44 minutes	1,430	905	530
45 to 59 minutes	395	210	185
60 minutes and over	575	390	185
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,995	12,465	12,535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	695	475	225
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,485	1,430	1,060
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,190	4,245	3,950
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,910	3,250	3,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,200	1,335	1,865
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,510	1,735	1,780
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,170	5,650	5,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,055	1,030	1,025
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,115	4,625	4,495
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,210	4,115	4,095
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,550	760	785
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,100	525	575
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	450	240	215
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,665	3,355	3,310

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 9, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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