Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Innisfil, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,326	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	36,566	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	18.5	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,528	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,708	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	165.1	...	...	165.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	262.39	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,325	21,775	21,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,550	3,930	3,620	17.4	18.0	16.8
0 to 4 years	2,430	1,275	1,155	5.6	5.9	5.4
5 to 9 years	2,545	1,305	1,235	5.9	6.0	5.7
10 to 14 years	2,580	1,350	1,230	6.0	6.2	5.7
15 to 64 years	28,495	14,360	14,135	65.8	65.9	65.6
15 to 19 years	2,500	1,315	1,185	5.8	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	2,115	1,125	990	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	2,475	1,305	1,170	5.7	6.0	5.4
30 to 34 years	2,790	1,365	1,425	6.4	6.3	6.6
35 to 39 years	3,015	1,510	1,505	7.0	6.9	7.0
40 to 44 years	2,855	1,380	1,475	6.6	6.3	6.8
45 to 49 years	2,905	1,465	1,440	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	2,920	1,460	1,465	6.7	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	3,630	1,785	1,840	8.4	8.2	8.5
60 to 64 years	3,280	1,650	1,630	7.6	7.6	7.6
65 years and over	7,275	3,480	3,795	16.8	16.0	17.6
65 to 69 years	2,495	1,200	1,295	5.8	5.5	6.0
70 to 74 years	1,950	950	1,000	4.5	4.4	4.6
75 to 79 years	1,360	675	685	3.1	3.1	3.2
80 to 84 years	795	380	415	1.8	1.7	1.9
85 years and over	680	280	405	1.6	1.3	1.9
85 to 89 years	465	205	260	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	180	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.0	16.8	17.4	18.0	16.8
15 to 64 years	65.8	65.9	65.6	65.8	65.9	65.6
65 years and over	16.8	16.0	17.6	16.8	16.0	17.6
85 years and over	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Average age of the population	41.3	40.6	42.0	41.3	40.6	42.0
Median age of the population	42.0	41.2	42.8	42.0	41.2	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,210	...	...	90.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
Row house	650	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	340	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	225	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	190	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,095	...	...	19.7	...	...
2 persons	5,210	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	2,775	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	2,800	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,830	...	...	11.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,775	17,845	17,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,930	10,965	10,970	61.3	61.4	61.2
Married	17,605	8,790	8,810	49.2	49.3	49.1
Living common-law	4,325	2,170	2,155	12.1	12.2	12.0
Living common law - Never married	2,795	1,400	1,390	7.8	7.8	7.8
Living common law - Separated	315	155	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,105	560	545	3.1	3.1	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	120	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	13,845	6,885	6,960	38.7	38.6	38.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,855	4,985	3,865	24.8	27.9	21.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,155	505	655	3.2	2.8	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,135	965	1,170	6.0	5.4	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,695	425	1,270	4.7	2.4	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,025	...	...	47.1	...	...
3 persons	2,930	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 persons	2,710	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,130	...	...	8.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,825	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	8,660	...	...	67.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,965	...	...	38.8	...	...
Without children	3,695	...	...	28.9	...	...
Common-law couples	2,165	...	...	16.9	...	...
With children⁶	955	...	...	7.5	...	...
Without children	1,210	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,965	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,450	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	510	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,640	18,960	18,680	87.1	87.2	87.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,650	10,825	10,825	50.1	49.8	50.4
Parents in one-parent families	1,965	510	1,455	4.5	2.3	6.8
Children⁶	14,030	7,630	6,400	32.5	35.1	29.8
In a two-parent family	10,885	5,855	5,035	25.2	26.9	23.5
In a one-parent family	3,140	1,775	1,365	7.3	8.2	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,565	2,770	2,790	12.9	12.7	13.0
Living alone	3,090	1,555	1,540	7.2	7.2	7.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,230	500	730	2.8	2.3	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,245	715	525	2.9	3.3	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,410	...	...	66.3	...	...
Couple-family households	9,165	...	...	58.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,010	...	...	31.9	...	...
Without children	4,145	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,250	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	850	...	...	5.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	730	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	445	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	3,090	...	...	19.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,265	17,065	17,205	96.1	95.8	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	36,400	42,000	50,400	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,280	17,070	17,215	96.2	95.9	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	33,600	38,000	44,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,610	15,635	14,980	85.9	87.8	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	47,200	27,600	36,800	47,200	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,630	13,440	12,190	71.9	75.5	68.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,600	30,800	39,600	49,600	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,965	15,215	15,750	86.9	85.5	88.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,100	11,300	9,200	7,100	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,780	1,700	2,080	10.6	9.5	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,640	5,880	5,760	5,640	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,135	5,455	5,680	31.2	30.6	31.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,340	17,105	17,235	96.3	96.1	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	61,100	45,760	53,400	61,100	45,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,355	17,105	17,245	96.4	96.1	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,600	50,040	39,240	44,600	50,040	39,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,690	15,700	14,990	86.1	88.2	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,480	57,100	39,480	48,480	57,100	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,630	13,410	12,225	71.9	75.3	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,440	56,750	41,400	49,440	56,750	41,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,965	15,120	15,845	86.9	84.9	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	9,850	12,430	11,170	9,850	12,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,840	1,665	2,175	10.8	9.4	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890	6,540	7,160	6,890	6,540	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,960	5,435	5,525	30.7	30.5	31.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	8,750	9,510	9,130	8,750	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,290	7,160	5,130	34.5	40.2	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	73,500	60,400	66,500	73,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,900	80,900	66,600	74,900	80,900	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,820	4,505	5,310	27.5	25.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	21,600	15,000	17,400	21,600	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	32,680	25,160	28,600	32,680	25,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	85.8	75.0	81.2	85.8	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.8	64.2	69.0	72.8	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	14.2	25.0	18.9	14.2	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.9	7.7	6.1	4.9	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	4.6	6.7	5.5	4.6	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	35,655	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,385	745	640	3.9	4.2	3.6
With total income	34,270	17,060	17,205	96.1	95.8	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,690	1,130	1,555	7.8	6.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,055	1,665	2,390	11.8	9.8	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,195	2,245	2,945	15.2	13.2	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,365	1,800	2,565	12.7	10.6	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,530	1,600	1,925	10.3	9.4	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,080	1,540	1,540	9.0	9.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,550	1,330	1,225	7.4	7.8	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,055	1,240	815	6.0	7.3	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,680	1,075	610	4.9	6.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,300	815	485	3.8	4.8	2.8
$100,000 and over	3,770	2,625	1,150	11.0	15.4	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	2,735	1,860	875	8.0	10.9	5.1
$150,000 and over	1,035	765	275	3.0	4.5	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	35,655	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,370	735	635	3.8	4.1	3.6
With after-tax income	34,280	17,070	17,215	96.1	95.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,820	1,175	1,645	8.2	6.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,240	1,765	2,475	12.4	10.3	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,950	2,560	3,390	17.4	15.0	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	4,960	2,125	2,835	14.5	12.4	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,285	2,100	2,180	12.5	12.3	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,465	1,855	1,615	10.1	10.9	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,690	1,595	1,095	7.8	9.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,950	1,270	680	5.7	7.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	885	580	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	785	530	255	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,670	1,210	465	4.9	7.1	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	945	685	255	2.8	4.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	730	520	210	2.1	3.0	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	35,655	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,025	4,360	5,660	28.1	24.5	31.7
With employment income	25,625	13,440	12,190	71.9	75.5	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,620	1,710	1,905	14.1	12.7	15.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,120	880	1,240	8.3	6.5	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,875	1,240	1,635	11.2	9.2	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,170	960	1,210	8.5	7.1	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,095	970	1,130	8.2	7.2	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,155	995	1,165	8.4	7.4	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,905	1,025	880	7.4	7.6	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,835	1,005	830	7.2	7.5	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,505	985	525	5.9	7.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	825	460	5.0	6.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	695	385	4.2	5.2	3.2
$100,000 and over	2,970	2,140	825	11.6	15.9	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,580	1,080	505	6.2	8.0	4.1
$125,000 and over	1,385	1,060	325	5.4	7.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,695	16,740	16,960	94.5	94.0	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	34,000	40,800	49,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,705	16,735	16,965	94.5	94.0	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	31,200	36,800	43,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,410	15,480	14,930	85.3	86.9	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,800	30,600	38,800	48,800	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,795	13,445	12,345	72.4	75.5	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,200	33,600	41,200	51,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,025	14,175	14,850	81.4	79.6	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,900	1,010	5,920	2,900	1,010	5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,950	1,295	1,650	8.3	7.3	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,720	6,240	6,080	5,720	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,745	16,725	17,015	94.7	93.9	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	60,100	43,240	51,600	60,100	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,745	16,725	17,015	94.7	93.9	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560	48,400	36,800	42,560	48,400	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,405	15,500	14,910	85.3	87.1	83.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	59,100	40,680	50,080	59,100	40,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,725	13,425	12,290	72.2	75.4	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	59,400	42,400	51,250	59,400	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,155	14,200	14,955	81.8	79.8	83.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,480	6,285	8,630	7,480	6,285	8,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,045	1,365	1,680	8.5	7.7	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,790	6,950	8,470	7,790	6,950	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,205	7,110	5,095	34.2	39.9	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	71,500	55,600	64,000	71,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,300	80,300	63,400	73,300	80,300	63,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,300	4,275	5,030	26.1	24.0	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	31,400	21,000	25,200	31,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,560	41,240	30,680	35,560	41,240	30,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	91.2	82.4	87.4	91.2	82.4
Employment income (%)	75.8	79.4	70.8	75.8	79.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)	12.5	8.9	17.5	12.5	8.9	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	1.9	1.4	0.9	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,500	...	...	55,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	350	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	380	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	365	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	445	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	450	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	435	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,030	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	905	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	955	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	960	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,970	...	...	50.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,190	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,760	...	...	11.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,190	...	...	13.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,830	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	360	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	445	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	405	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	505	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	525	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	595	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,220	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,230	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,480	...	...	41.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	...	...	15.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,690	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,415	...	...	15.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,335	2,270	2,065	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,800	35,600	38,800	42,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,350	2,275	2,075	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,900	56,950	46,360	51,900	56,950	46,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	46,960	39,960	43,600	46,960	39,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,205	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,135	4,770	4,365	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	2,965	1,560	1,405	6.9	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	26,885	13,510	13,375	62.2	62.2	62.3
65 years and over	7,180	3,455	3,725	16.6	15.9	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,980	1,475	1,500	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	695	385	315	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	145	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,615	820	795	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	270	395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	8.0	7.2	7.6	8.0	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	9.4	7.5	8.5	9.4	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.1	5.9	6.0	6.1	5.9
65 years and over (%)	9.3	7.9	10.6	9.3	7.9	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,135	4,770	4,365	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	2,965	1,560	1,400	6.9	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	26,885	13,510	13,380	62.2	62.2	62.3
65 years and over	7,180	3,455	3,730	16.6	15.9	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	985	535	445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	225	110	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	25	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	685	385	295	...	...	...
65 years and over	75	40	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.9	2.2	2.6	2.9	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,205	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,815	9,250	9,570	43.5	42.6	44.6
In bottom decile	2,610	1,320	1,290	6.0	6.1	6.0
In second decile	3,620	1,705	1,915	8.4	7.8	8.9
In third decile	3,925	1,920	2,005	9.1	8.8	9.3
In fourth decile	4,160	2,055	2,110	9.6	9.5	9.8
In fifth decile	4,495	2,245	2,250	10.4	10.3	10.5
In top half of the distribution	24,385	12,485	11,900	56.4	57.4	55.4
In sixth decile	4,905	2,495	2,405	11.4	11.5	11.2
In seventh decile	5,100	2,530	2,565	11.8	11.6	11.9
In eighth decile	5,190	2,665	2,530	12.0	12.3	11.8
In ninth decile	4,910	2,555	2,355	11.4	11.8	11.0
In top decile	4,285	2,240	2,045	9.9	10.3	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,205	...	...	43,205	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.413	...	...	0.413	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	40,535	20,610	19,925	93.6	94.7	92.5
French only	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,300	935	1,365	5.3	4.3	6.3
Neither English nor French	460	210	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,300	21,315	20,980	97.7	97.9	97.4
French	465	200	265	1.1	0.9	1.2
English and French	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	450	210	240	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,045	21,155	20,890	97.1	97.2	97.0
Official languages	34,810	17,555	17,250	80.4	80.7	80.1
English	34,315	17,340	16,970	79.2	79.7	78.8
French	490	215	275	1.1	1.0	1.3
Non-official languages	7,240	3,600	3,640	16.7	16.5	16.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,240	3,600	3,640	16.7	16.5	16.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	175	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	175	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	35	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	30	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	235	120	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Telugu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,530	2,835	2,700	12.8	13.0	12.5
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,605	805	805	3.7	3.7	3.7
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,580	790	790	3.6	3.6	3.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	270	130	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	970	500	470	2.2	2.3	2.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	415	210	200	1.0	1.0	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	250	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	235	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	635	345	295	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	330	170	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	175	135	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	170	125	0.7	0.8	0.6
Dari	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	145	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,745	1,410	1,335	6.3	6.5	6.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	940	515	425	2.2	2.4	2.0
Portuguese	820	425	390	1.9	2.0	1.8
Romanian	95	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	880	420	460	2.0	1.9	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	100	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	240	100	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	65	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	210	90	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Estonian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,265	615	650	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and French	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	980	485	500	2.3	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,980	18,175	17,800	83.1	83.5	82.6
French	80	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,670	830	845	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,670	830	845	3.9	3.8	3.9
English and French	360	155	205	0.8	0.7	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	4,935	2,445	2,485	11.4	11.2	11.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,280	21,295	20,985	97.6	97.8	97.4
Official languages	39,060	19,680	19,375	90.2	90.4	89.9
English	38,950	19,640	19,310	89.9	90.2	89.6
French	110	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	3,220	1,610	1,605	7.4	7.4	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,220	1,610	1,605	7.4	7.4	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,310	1,180	1,130	5.3	5.4	5.2
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	895	470	430	2.1	2.2	2.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	460	425	2.1	2.1	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	700	365	330	1.6	1.7	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	385	195	185	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	225	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	75	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	475	475	2.2	2.2	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	305	155	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	430	220	215	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	160	70	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,035	470	560	2.4	2.2	2.6
English and French	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	920	425	490	2.1	2.0	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,315	21,765	21,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,615	19,440	19,175	89.1	89.3	89.0
English	1,250	630	620	2.9	2.9	2.9
French	285	120	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,615	1,305	1,305	6.0	6.0	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,615	1,305	1,305	6.0	6.0	6.1
English and French	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	120	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,200	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	42,745	21,515	21,230	98.9	99.0	98.9
English	42,745	21,515	21,230	98.9	99.0	98.9
French	2,410	995	1,415	5.6	4.6	6.6
Non-official languages	9,860	4,960	4,900	22.8	22.8	22.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,855	4,960	4,895	22.8	22.8	22.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	775	425	350	1.8	2.0	1.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	755	420	340	1.7	1.9	1.6
Amharic	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	325	170	150	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	225	120	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	110	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	240	135	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Maltese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	110	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	45	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	35	125	0.4	0.2	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	335	145	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	300	115	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,595	3,990	3,605	17.6	18.4	16.8
Albanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,935	990	945	4.5	4.6	4.4
Baltic languages	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latvian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages	1,905	975	925	4.4	4.5	4.3
Belarusian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	365	195	170	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	1,250	645	605	2.9	3.0	2.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	155	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	570	295	275	1.3	1.4	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	175	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	345	165	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	100	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afrikaans	70	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	810	470	340	1.9	2.2	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	525	300	225	1.2	1.4	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	75	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	190	105	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	220	120	90	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	190	135	0.7	0.9	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	280	155	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	190	120	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,235	2,195	2,045	9.8	10.1	9.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,455	785	670	3.4	3.6	3.1
Portuguese	1,375	720	650	3.2	3.3	3.0
Romanian	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,490	735	755	3.4	3.4	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	75	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	140	225	0.8	0.6	1.0
Chinese languages	360	140	220	0.8	0.6	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	90	160	0.6	0.4	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	160	100	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Azerbaijani	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	260	110	155	0.6	0.5	0.7
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	200	85	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,115	525	590	2.6	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,040	490	545	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	670	325	345	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	360	170	195	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	42,090	21,205	20,875	97.4	97.6	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	305	125	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	42,900	21,610	21,290	99.3	99.4	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,460	...	...	85.7	...	...
Renter	2,250	...	...	14.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	490	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not condominium	15,215	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	550	...	...	3.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,025	...	...	19.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,290	...	...	40.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,800	...	...	36.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,085	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 rooms	2,455	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	2,885	...	...	18.4	...	...
7 rooms	2,550	...	...	16.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,725	...	...	36.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,525	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,125	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	585	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,025	...	...	12.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,410	...	...	21.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,285	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,270	...	...	14.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,120	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,005	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,565	...	...	10.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,030	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,935	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	775	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,635	...	...	42.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,140	...	...	51.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	935	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,645	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,855	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,100	...	...	19.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,820	...	...	24.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,390	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,370	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	400	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,820	...	...	75.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,775	...	...	24.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,425	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,765	...	...	30.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,415	...	...	21.7	...	...
Not suitable only	470	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	510	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	255	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,940	...	...	69.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,390	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	13,860	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.2	...	...	67.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,772	...	...	1,772	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	792,000	...	...	792,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.7	...	...	40.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,828	...	...	1,828	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	310	125	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	310	125	180	0.7	0.6	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	205	105	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,260	580	675	2.9	2.7	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,245	580	660	2.9	2.7	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	970	450	525	2.2	2.1	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	41,640	21,025	20,610	96.4	96.7	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,200	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,435	20,800	20,635	95.9	95.7	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,940	4,660	4,275	20.7	21.4	19.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	32,500	16,135	16,360	75.2	74.2	76.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,765	935	830	4.1	4.3	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,200	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	34,480	17,430	17,050	79.8	80.2	79.4
Immigrants⁸¹	8,465	4,155	4,305	19.6	19.1	20.1
Before 1980	2,710	1,370	1,335	6.3	6.3	6.2
1980 to 1990	1,155	540	625	2.7	2.5	2.9
1991 to 2000	1,665	780	885	3.9	3.6	4.1
2001 to 2010	1,695	840	850	3.9	3.9	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,240	640	605	2.9	2.9	2.8
2011 to 2015	700	390	310	1.6	1.8	1.4
2016 to 2021	535	250	290	1.2	1.2	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	260	145	110	0.6	0.7	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,465	4,155	4,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	935	470	465	11.0	11.3	10.8
5 to 14 years	2,060	1,085	975	24.3	26.1	22.6
15 to 24 years	1,950	915	1,035	23.0	22.0	24.0
25 to 44 years	3,140	1,495	1,645	37.1	36.0	38.2
45 years and over	375	185	185	4.4	4.5	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,465	4,155	4,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,645	755	890	19.4	18.2	20.7
Brazil	85	45	40	1.0	1.1	0.9
Colombia	160	75	90	1.9	1.8	2.1
El Salvador	135	65	70	1.6	1.6	1.6
Guyana	160	60	95	1.9	1.4	2.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	255	125	130	3.0	3.0	3.0
Mexico	60	40	25	0.7	1.0	0.6
Peru	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	110	55	55	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	205	65	140	2.4	1.6	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	425	210	215	5.0	5.1	5.0
Europe	4,300	2,150	2,150	50.8	51.7	49.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Croatia	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
France	50	15	40	0.6	0.4	0.9
Germany	215	95	120	2.5	2.3	2.8
Greece	55	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hungary	115	50	60	1.4	1.2	1.4
Italy	625	350	280	7.4	8.4	6.5
Netherlands	105	50	50	1.2	1.2	1.2
Poland	215	110	110	2.5	2.6	2.6
Portugal	590	330	260	7.0	7.9	6.0
Romania	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Russian Federation	385	185	200	4.5	4.5	4.6
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	270	150	115	3.2	3.6	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	965	455	515	11.4	11.0	12.0
Other places of birth in Europe	525	245	275	6.2	5.9	6.4
Africa	375	205	165	4.4	4.9	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	100	70	35	1.2	1.7	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	40	1.1	1.2	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	110	45	60	1.3	1.1	1.4
Asia	2,115	1,025	1,085	25.0	24.7	25.2
Afghanistan	65	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	195	130	65	2.3	3.1	1.5
Iraq	140	70	70	1.7	1.7	1.6
Lebanon	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Turkey	65	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
China⁹⁰	175	75	100	2.1	1.8	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	45	1.0	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
Philippines	175	35	135	2.1	0.8	3.1
Viet Nam	115	40	75	1.4	1.0	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	215	115	100	2.5	2.8	2.3
Pakistan	90	50	40	1.1	1.2	0.9
Sri Lanka	175	80	95	2.1	1.9	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	480	250	225	5.7	6.0	5.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	535	250	290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	120	40	80	22.4	16.0	27.6
Brazil	30	10	20	5.6	4.0	6.9
Colombia	25	10	15	4.7	4.0	5.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	0	35	6.5	0.0	12.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	50	60	20.6	20.0	20.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	4.7	0.0	8.6
Ukraine	25	20	10	4.7	8.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	30	15	7.5	12.0	5.2
Africa	45	20	20	8.4	8.0	6.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	4.7	6.0	3.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	3.7	4.0	3.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	250	125	125	46.7	50.0	43.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	2.8	0.0	5.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	40	30	14.0	16.0	10.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	10	10	4.7	4.0	3.4
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	15	0	2.8	6.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	1.9	4.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	4.7	6.0	5.2
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	3.7	4.0	3.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	20	5.6	6.0	6.9
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	1.9	4.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	1.9	4.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,015	4,440	4,580	20.9	20.4	21.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,820	5,535	5,285	25.0	25.5	24.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,365	11,760	11,610	54.1	54.1	54.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,755	2,790	2,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,545	1,335	1,210	44.2	47.8	40.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	900	560	345	15.6	20.1	11.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,635	775	865	28.4	27.8	29.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,095	860	1,235	36.4	30.8	41.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,005	540	465	17.5	19.4	15.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	55	60	1.9	2.0	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,755	2,790	2,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	655	385	270	11.4	13.8	9.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	620	295	320	10.8	10.6	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115	55	60	2.0	2.0	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	200	80	120	3.5	2.9	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30	0.5	0.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,135	1,970	2,170	71.9	70.6	73.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,325	3,130	3,195	14.6	14.4	14.9
South Asian	1,205	610	595	2.8	2.8	2.8
Chinese	450	170	285	1.0	0.8	1.3
Black	1,440	720	725	3.3	3.3	3.4
Filipino	305	80	215	0.7	0.4	1.0
Arab	200	135	65	0.5	0.6	0.3
Latin American	1,115	565	550	2.6	2.6	2.6
Southeast Asian	350	180	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
West Asian	410	225	180	0.9	1.0	0.8
Korean	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	435	245	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	200	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,880	18,605	18,275	85.4	85.6	85.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,200	21,735	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,205	3,695	3,510	16.7	17.0	16.4
English	10,595	5,310	5,280	24.5	24.4	24.6
Irish	7,605	3,560	4,050	17.6	16.4	18.9
Scottish	7,515	3,640	3,880	17.4	16.7	18.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,710	1,265	1,445	6.3	5.8	6.7
German	3,445	1,625	1,820	8.0	7.5	8.5
Chinese	440	190	250	1.0	0.9	1.2
Italian	4,940	2,610	2,335	11.4	12.0	10.9
Indian (India)	665	330	335	1.5	1.5	1.6
Ukrainian	1,375	670	705	3.2	3.1	3.3
Dutch	1,685	845	835	3.9	3.9	3.9
Polish	1,570	805	760	3.6	3.7	3.5
Québécois	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,910	920	1,000	4.4	4.2	4.7
Filipino	345	100	240	0.8	0.5	1.1
French Canadian	435	185	250	1.0	0.9	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	755	400	350	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	535	250	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	380	160	220	0.9	0.7	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	585	290	300	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian	1,075	540	535	2.5	2.5	2.5
Norwegian	295	160	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	740	385	360	1.7	1.8	1.7
Portuguese	2,210	1,170	1,040	5.1	5.4	4.8
American	440	165	275	1.0	0.8	1.3
Spanish	710	370	340	1.6	1.7	1.6
Swedish	170	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hungarian	480	195	285	1.1	0.9	1.3
Acadian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	145	85	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	125	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	460	215	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
Punjabi	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	190	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	400	180	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
Jamaican	675	360	320	1.6	1.7	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	75	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	225	80	145	0.5	0.4	0.7
Lebanese	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	155	110	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	140	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	260	120	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sikh	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austrian	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgian	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	130	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	235	135	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	155	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Croatian	215	55	155	0.5	0.3	0.7
Japanese	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	80	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egyptian	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	135	55	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Icelandic	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	190	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Moroccan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	160	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	170	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afghan	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	140	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Newfoundlander	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hong Konger	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	185	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	205	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkish	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	110	70	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slovak	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Salvadorean	190	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
African Caribbean	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	190	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	210	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Macedonian	165	100	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Slovenian	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mohawk	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Barbadian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	70	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cuban	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	160	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Franco Ontarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Igbo	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sicilian	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	100	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,205	21,735	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	245	90	155	0.6	0.4	0.7
Christian	24,825	11,930	12,900	57.5	54.9	60.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,455	1,615	1,840	8.0	7.4	8.6
Anabaptist	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	1,995	850	1,145	4.6	3.9	5.3
Baptist	530	215	310	1.2	1.0	1.4
Catholic	12,280	6,155	6,125	28.4	28.3	28.5
Christian Orthodox	1,030	535	495	2.4	2.5	2.3
Jehovah's Witness	275	130	150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	320	130	185	0.7	0.6	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	150	80	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	630	275	355	1.5	1.3	1.7
Presbyterian	840	400	445	1.9	1.8	2.1
Reformed	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	2,040	935	1,100	4.7	4.3	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,155	540	615	2.7	2.5	2.9
Hindu	535	240	290	1.2	1.1	1.4
Jewish	720	400	320	1.7	1.8	1.5
Muslim	725	370	350	1.7	1.7	1.6
Sikh	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	70	130	0.5	0.3	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	15,820	8,580	7,240	36.6	39.5	33.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,840	21,560	21,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,285	18,760	18,525	87.0	87.0	87.1
Movers	5,555	2,805	2,750	13.0	13.0	12.9
Non-migrants	1,505	740	775	3.5	3.4	3.6
Migrants	4,045	2,065	1,980	9.4	9.6	9.3
Internal migrants	3,895	1,990	1,905	9.1	9.2	9.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,800	1,930	1,870	8.9	9.0	8.8
Interprovincial migrants	100	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	150	75	70	0.4	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	40,740	20,440	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,900	11,465	11,435	56.2	56.1	56.3
Movers	17,840	8,975	8,870	43.8	43.9	43.7
Non-migrants	3,115	1,600	1,505	7.6	7.8	7.4
Migrants	14,730	7,375	7,355	36.2	36.1	36.2
Internal migrants	14,155	7,090	7,060	34.7	34.7	34.8
Intraprovincial migrants	13,705	6,840	6,860	33.6	33.5	33.8
Interprovincial migrants	445	250	200	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	580	285	295	1.4	1.4	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,160	4,180	2,980	20.1	23.5	16.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,485	13,625	14,865	79.9	76.5	83.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,885	11,950	11,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,275	2,045	1,225	13.7	17.1	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,615	9,910	10,700	86.3	82.9	89.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,650	17,805	17,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,390	3,620	2,770	17.9	20.3	15.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,500	5,540	5,960	32.3	31.1	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,760	8,640	9,125	49.8	48.5	51.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,200	6,375	5,830	34.2	35.8	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,795	2,290	505	7.8	12.9	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	845	310	3.3	4.7	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,640	1,445	195	4.6	8.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,665	3,805	4,860	24.3	21.4	27.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	745	285	460	2.1	1.6	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,560	2,265	3,295	15.6	12.7	18.5
Bachelor's degree	4,070	1,625	2,445	11.4	9.1	13.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	395	170	225	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	910	365	545	2.6	2.0	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,885	11,955	11,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,835	1,745	1,090	11.9	14.6	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,080	3,555	3,530	29.6	29.7	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,965	6,650	7,315	58.5	55.6	61.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,440	4,900	4,545	39.5	41.0	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,995	1,635	355	8.4	13.7	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	755	535	220	3.2	4.5	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,235	1,100	140	5.2	9.2	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,895	3,045	3,845	28.9	25.5	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	555	215	345	2.3	1.8	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,525	1,755	2,765	18.9	14.7	23.2
Bachelor's degree	3,265	1,250	2,015	13.7	10.5	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325	135	190	1.4	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	795	295	505	3.3	2.5	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,655	17,805	17,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,890	9,165	8,725	50.2	51.5	48.9
Education	815	160	655	2.3	0.9	3.7
13. Education	815	160	655	2.3	0.9	3.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	675	280	395	1.9	1.6	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	95	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	575	190	385	1.6	1.1	2.2
Humanities	745	280	465	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	205	60	145	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	80	125	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,260	520	1,735	6.3	2.9	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	70	165	0.6	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	565	30	535	1.6	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	445	80	365	1.2	0.4	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	360	75	285	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	570	245	330	1.6	1.4	1.8
Business, management and public administration	3,550	1,290	2,260	10.0	7.2	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	395	45	350	1.1	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,145	1,240	1,900	8.8	7.0	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	445	170	275	1.2	1.0	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	55	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	600	370	230	1.7	2.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	340	160	1.4	1.9	0.9
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,340	4,110	235	12.2	23.1	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	150	115	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	450	370	85	1.3	2.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	910	860	55	2.6	4.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,155	15	3.3	6.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,130	1,110	15	3.2	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	530	495	35	1.5	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	195	195	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	110	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	85	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	2,520	495	2,020	7.1	2.8	11.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	180	150	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,165	295	1,865	6.1	1.7	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,425	765	660	4.0	4.3	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	645	160	480	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	515	370	145	1.4	2.1	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	220	30	0.7	1.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,880	11,955	11,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,915	5,300	4,620	41.5	44.3	38.7
Education	600	100	500	2.5	0.8	4.2
13. Education	600	100	500	2.5	0.8	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	195	305	2.1	1.6	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	65	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	435	130	305	1.8	1.1	2.6
Humanities	575	210	365	2.4	1.8	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	155	45	110	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	70	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
54. History	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,830	395	1,435	7.7	3.3	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	70	140	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	435	20	410	1.8	0.2	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	390	70	320	1.6	0.6	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	280	50	230	1.2	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	465	175	285	1.9	1.5	2.4
Business, management and public administration	2,920	1,055	1,865	12.2	8.8	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	35	300	1.4	0.3	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,575	1,020	1,560	10.8	8.5	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	135	210	1.4	1.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	45	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	505	310	190	2.1	2.6	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	435	300	135	1.8	2.5	1.1
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,310	3,130	185	13.9	26.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	115	85	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	345	285	60	1.4	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	695	655	40	2.9	5.5	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	885	880	10	3.7	7.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	830	10	3.5	6.9	0.1
48. Precision production	415	390	25	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	135	145	1.2	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	1,960	400	1,560	8.2	3.3	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	160	135	1.2	1.3	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,640	215	1,420	6.9	1.8	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	600	545	4.8	5.0	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	515	130	385	2.2	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	300	135	1.8	2.5	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	160	20	0.8	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,880	11,955	11,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,915	5,300	4,620	41.5	44.3	38.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,965	6,655	7,310	58.5	55.7	61.3
Location of study inside Canada	12,090	5,760	6,325	50.6	48.2	53.0
Same as province or territory of residence	11,605	5,500	6,105	48.6	46.0	51.2
Different than province or territory of residence	485	260	225	2.0	2.2	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,880	895	985	7.9	7.5	8.3
Americas	495	240	260	2.1	2.0	2.2
United States of America	250	130	125	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mexico	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Colombia	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	735	375	360	3.1	3.1	3.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	40	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Poland	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romania	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	140	70	65	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	85	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Africa	115	65	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	500	195	305	2.1	1.6	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Iraq	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Israel	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	65	0	55	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	35,650	17,805	17,850	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,230	12,340	10,890	...	...	...
Employed	20,490	11,115	9,380	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,745	1,225	1,520	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,420	5,470	6,955	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.2	69.3	61.0	65.2	69.3	61.0
Employment rate	57.5	62.4	52.5	57.5	62.4	52.5
Unemployment rate	11.8	9.9	14.0	11.8	9.9	14.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	35,655	17,805	17,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,500	5,550	6,950	35.1	31.2	38.9
Worked	23,150	12,255	10,895	64.9	68.8	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,675	7,380	5,295	35.5	41.4	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,480	4,875	5,600	29.4	27.4	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.6	40.0	41.4	42.6	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,230	12,340	10,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	480	220	265	2.1	1.8	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,750	12,125	10,630	97.9	98.3	97.6
Employee	18,885	9,635	9,250	81.3	78.1	84.9
Permanent position	16,625	8,620	8,005	71.6	69.9	73.5
Temporary position	2,265	1,020	1,245	9.8	8.3	11.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	625	290	335	2.7	2.4	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,640	730	910	7.1	5.9	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,865	2,490	1,375	16.6	20.2	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,230	12,340	10,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	480	220	265	2.1	1.8	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,750	12,125	10,630	97.9	98.3	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235	175	60	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,725	900	2,825	16.0	7.3	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,240	945	295	5.3	7.7	2.7
3 Health occupations	1,350	190	1,165	5.8	1.5	10.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,120	615	1,505	9.1	5.0	13.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	535	195	340	2.3	1.6	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	5,825	2,330	3,490	25.1	18.9	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,985	5,515	470	25.8	44.7	4.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	500	360	135	2.2	2.9	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,240	905	340	5.3	7.3	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,230	12,340	10,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	480	220	265	2.1	1.8	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	22,750	12,125	10,630	97.9	98.3	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	265	145	115	1.1	1.2	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	55	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	165	135	35	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	3,445	2,955	490	14.8	23.9	4.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,405	1,715	685	10.4	13.9	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	955	625	330	4.1	5.1	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,820	1,225	1,590	12.1	9.9	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,355	955	395	5.8	7.7	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	405	250	145	1.7	2.0	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	705	225	485	3.0	1.8	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	495	255	240	2.1	2.1	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,270	605	665	5.5	4.9	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,170	610	560	5.0	4.9	5.1
61 Educational services	1,260	295	970	5.4	2.4	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,340	340	1,995	10.1	2.8	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	420	170	250	1.8	1.4	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,110	430	675	4.8	3.5	6.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,020	545	480	4.4	4.4	4.4
91 Public administration	1,055	555	495	4.5	4.5	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,930	13,125	11,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,015	12,685	11,330	96.3	96.6	95.9
French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	80	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	255	95	155	1.0	0.7	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	555	310	245	2.2	2.4	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,930	13,125	11,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,785	13,070	11,715	99.4	99.6	99.2
Official languages	24,625	13,000	11,635	98.8	99.0	98.5
English	24,575	12,990	11,590	98.6	99.0	98.1
French	60	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	155	75	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	75	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and French	50	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,930	13,125	11,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,215	12,760	11,460	97.1	97.2	97.0
English	120	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	170	80	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	375	215	160	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	375	215	160	1.5	1.6	1.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,490	11,110	9,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,380	1,800	2,580	21.4	16.2	27.5
Worked outside Canada	60	55	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,745	3,060	685	18.3	27.5	7.3
Usual place of work	12,310	6,200	6,110	60.1	55.8	65.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,310	6,200	6,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,040	1,195	1,845	24.7	19.3	30.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,420	2,055	2,365	35.9	33.1	38.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,835	2,940	1,895	39.3	47.4	31.0
Commute to a different province or territory	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,050	9,260	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,220	8,930	6,295	94.8	96.4	92.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,290	8,525	5,770	89.0	92.1	85.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	925	405	525	5.8	4.4	7.7
Public transit	125	40	80	0.8	0.4	1.2
Walked	345	130	215	2.1	1.4	3.2
Bicycle	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other method	325	150	180	2.0	1.6	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,050	9,260	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,755	1,190	1,565	17.2	12.9	23.0
15 to 29 minutes	4,060	1,830	2,230	25.3	19.8	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	2,785	1,560	1,225	17.4	16.8	18.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,355	1,560	795	14.7	16.8	11.7
60 minutes and over	4,095	3,120	975	25.5	33.7	14.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,050	9,260	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,175	1,825	355	13.6	19.7	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,055	2,005	1,050	19.0	21.7	15.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,520	1,765	1,750	21.9	19.1	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,690	1,105	1,585	16.8	11.9	23.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,745	730	1,015	10.9	7.9	14.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,865	1,835	1,035	17.9	19.8	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,265	4,840	4,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	660	320	335	7.1	6.6	7.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,610	4,520	4,090	92.9	93.4	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,645	3,465	3,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	495	240	255	7.4	6.9	8.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	110	140	3.8	3.2	4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	130	115	3.7	3.8	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,150	3,225	2,925	92.6	93.1	92.0

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 15, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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