Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,902	...	...
Population, 2016¹	90,280	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	41,619	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,914	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	328.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	297.93	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,905	48,205	49,695
0 to 14 years	14,830	7,535	7,295
0 to 4 years	4,430	2,230	2,195
5 to 9 years	5,095	2,525	2,575
10 to 14 years	5,300	2,780	2,525
15 to 64 years	63,410	31,765	31,645
15 to 19 years	5,200	2,735	2,465
20 to 24 years	6,380	3,360	3,020
25 to 29 years	6,965	3,615	3,345
30 to 34 years	6,945	3,555	3,395
35 to 39 years	6,825	3,400	3,425
40 to 44 years	5,915	2,950	2,960
45 to 49 years	5,680	2,800	2,880
50 to 54 years	6,065	2,930	3,140
55 to 59 years	6,605	3,160	3,445
60 to 64 years	6,830	3,260	3,570
65 years and over	19,660	8,905	10,755
65 to 69 years	5,785	2,765	3,020
70 to 74 years	5,075	2,390	2,685
75 to 79 years	3,485	1,575	1,905
80 to 84 years	2,575	1,155	1,425
85 years and over	2,740	1,025	1,715
85 to 89 years	1,685	655	1,030
90 to 94 years	795	300	500
95 to 99 years	220	65	160
100 years and over	40	5	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.6	14.7
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.9	63.7
65 years and over	20.1	18.5	21.6
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.5
Average age of the population	42.4	41.3	43.6
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,910	...	...
Single-detached house	20,085	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,065	...	...
Row house	3,885	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,830	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,585	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,530	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,915	...	...
1 person	11,330	...	...
2 persons	14,685	...	...
3 persons	5,920	...	...
4 persons	5,215	...	...
5 or more persons	2,765	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,560	46,695	47,865
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,070	40,675	42,400
Married or living common-law	46,600	23,220	23,385
Married	36,315	18,070	18,245
Living common-law	10,285	5,145	5,140
Living common law - Never married	7,330	3,670	3,655
Living common law - Separated	515	270	245
Living common law - Divorced	2,190	1,105	1,090
Living common law - Widowed	250	100	150
Not married and not living common-law	36,475	17,455	19,015
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,360	13,035	10,325
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,510	1,075	1,440
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850	2,325	3,520
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,760	1,025	3,735
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,945	...	...
2 persons	15,215	...	...
3 persons	5,305	...	...
4 persons	4,800	...	...
5 or more persons	1,625	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,945	...	...
Total couple families	22,600	...	...
Married couples	17,465	...	...
With children⁶	8,360	...	...
Without children	9,105	...	...
Common-law couples	5,135	...	...
With children⁶	1,775	...	...
Without children	3,360	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,335	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,560	46,695	47,865
Total - Persons in census families	74,090	36,640	37,450
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,205	22,570	22,630
Parents in one-parent families	4,340	1,000	3,340
Children⁶	24,545	13,065	11,480
In a two-parent family	18,080	9,490	8,585
In a one-parent family	6,465	3,570	2,895
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,470	10,055	10,415
Living alone	11,330	5,180	6,150
Living with other relatives⁷	2,380	1,010	1,370
Living with non-relatives only	6,760	3,865	2,895
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,915	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,880	...	...
Couple-family households	19,645	...	...
With children⁶	8,810	...	...
Without children	10,835	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,235	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,865	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,495	...	...
One-person households	11,330	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,775	39,190	40,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,600	38,095	39,510
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,635	38,115	39,525
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,770	34,855	34,915
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,200	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,805	28,725	27,085
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,050	29,420	34,630
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,500	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,810	3,885	3,930
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,155	9,195	9,960
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,775	39,170	40,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,555	38,010	39,550
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600	62,950	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,575	38,015	39,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	52,800	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,710	34,495	35,215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	60,100	38,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,805	28,545	27,265
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	59,700	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,855	29,310	34,545
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,390	10,900	11,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,055	3,935	4,120
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,270	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,245	9,130	10,125
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,280	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,770	39,165	40,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,690	14,345	11,345
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	83,400	61,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,945	10,495	12,450
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	40,760	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.6	86.6	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	71.2	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5	13.4	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,770	39,190	40,585
Without total income	2,170	1,100	1,075
With total income	77,600	38,090	39,510
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,140	2,545	3,590
$10,000 to $19,999	8,595	3,390	5,205
$20,000 to $29,999	11,445	4,700	6,745
$30,000 to $39,999	9,900	4,160	5,745
$40,000 to $49,999	8,715	3,755	4,960
$50,000 to $59,999	7,465	3,505	3,955
$60,000 to $69,999	5,765	3,085	2,680
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340	2,490	1,850
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545	2,140	1,400
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	1,700	1,030
$100,000 and over	8,970	6,620	2,345
$100,000 to $149,999	6,450	4,610	1,840
$150,000 and over	2,520	2,015	505
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,770	39,190	40,585
Without after-tax income	2,135	1,080	1,060
With after-tax income	77,640	38,115	39,520
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	2,625	3,775
$10,000 to $19,999	8,875	3,505	5,370
$20,000 to $29,999	12,920	5,320	7,600
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565	4,970	6,595
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980	4,505	5,480
$50,000 to $59,999	7,875	4,080	3,795
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	3,330	2,410
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	2,630	1,665
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	2,010	1,160
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	1,555	655
$100,000 and over	4,605	3,580	1,025
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645	2,055	595
$125,000 and over	1,960	1,530	435
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,770	39,190	40,585
Without employment income	23,965	10,470	13,500
With employment income	55,805	28,720	27,085
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,170	3,410	3,765
$5,000 to $9,999	4,080	1,750	2,335
$10,000 to $19,999	6,510	2,755	3,755
$20,000 to $29,999	5,125	2,270	2,850
$30,000 to $39,999	5,040	2,150	2,885
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765	2,075	2,690
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	2,065	2,480
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	1,945	1,670
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	1,770	1,270
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	1,705	1,035
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,425	795
$100,000 and over	6,955	5,405	1,555
$100,000 to $124,999	3,545	2,560	985
$125,000 and over	3,410	2,840	570
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,775	39,190	40,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,585	37,025	38,555
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,735	37,040	38,690
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,130	34,450	34,685
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,840	29,580	28,260
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	49,200	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,945	22,220	29,725
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,950	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,300	3,120	3,170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,120	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,775	39,170	40,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,435	36,920	38,515
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	61,750	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,555	36,935	38,620
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	51,160	36,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,940	34,135	34,805
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360	60,800	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,640	29,390	28,250
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	58,600	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,810	22,055	29,755
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,180	9,240	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	3,150	3,155
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	6,110	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,770	39,165	40,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,455	14,190	11,265
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	73,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	79,800	56,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,585	9,880	11,700
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	32,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,320	48,560	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	91.0	83.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	75.6	66.2
Government transfers (%)	12.3	8.9	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,915	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,330	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,585	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,915	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,565	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,915	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,220	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,180	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,760	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,770	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,915	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	930	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,570	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,385	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,945	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,070	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,355	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,675	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,440	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,230	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,050	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,090	9,045	9,045
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,625	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,380	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,260	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,145	8,985	9,160
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720	49,440	44,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	42,440	38,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,560	46,695	47,865
0 to 17 years	17,805	9,080	8,720
0 to 5 years	5,430	2,740	2,690
18 to 64 years	59,090	29,345	29,740
65 years and over	17,670	8,270	9,400
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,095	3,695	4,395
0 to 17 years	1,530	810	720
0 to 5 years	455	235	225
18 to 64 years	4,500	2,150	2,350
65 years and over	2,060	740	1,320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	7.9	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.9	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.5	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.3	7.9
65 years and over (%)	11.7	8.9	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,560	46,695	47,865
0 to 17 years	17,800	9,080	8,720
0 to 5 years	5,430	2,745	2,690
18 to 64 years	59,085	29,345	29,745
65 years and over	17,670	8,265	9,405
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,625	1,910	1,715
0 to 17 years	500	270	230
0 to 5 years	130	65	60
18 to 64 years	2,915	1,560	1,355
65 years and over	215	80	135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.1	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.5	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.3	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865
In bottom half of the distribution	42,925	20,515	22,405
In bottom decile	8,645	4,195	4,445
In second decile	8,135	3,695	4,445
In third decile	8,370	3,980	4,390
In fourth decile	8,580	4,120	4,455
In fifth decile	9,190	4,520	4,675
In top half of the distribution	51,635	26,180	25,460
In sixth decile	9,565	4,730	4,830
In seventh decile	10,155	5,110	5,045
In eighth decile	10,715	5,385	5,325
In ninth decile	11,650	5,975	5,675
In top decile	9,555	4,980	4,580
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,985	47,335	48,650
English only	90,245	44,775	45,470
French only	15	10	5
English and French	5,300	2,365	2,925
Neither English nor French	430	185	250
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,985	47,335	48,650
English	94,665	46,715	47,955
French	820	410	410
English and French	100	50	50
Neither English nor French	400	165	235
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,985	47,335	48,650
Single responses	94,175	46,485	47,690
Official languages	85,165	42,125	43,040
English	84,265	41,690	42,575
French	900	435	460
Non-official languages	9,015	4,365	4,645
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	40	50
Algonquian languages	25	15	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	10	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	5	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0
Salish languages	35	10	25
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	5	0	5
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	5
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,920	4,320	4,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	75	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	125	75	50
Amharic	5	5	5
Arabic	110	65	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	75	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10
Vietnamese	165	70	95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	615	230	385
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	25	10	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	40	20	20
Indonesian	25	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	180	300
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	195	125	70
Kannada	10	10	5
Malayalam	100	65	40
Tamil	35	25	10
Telugu	40	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,180	3,095	3,085
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	840	375	465
Baltic languages	10	5	5
Latvian	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	5
Slavic languages	830	375	460
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5
Czech	45	25	20
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	175	90	85
Russian	225	85	140
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70
Bosnian	15	5	10
Croatian	85	40	45
Serbian	35	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	35	10	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5
Ukrainian	185	80	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,235	575	660
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	850	395	450
German	795	370	425
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	50	25	30
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	140	150
Afrikaans	70	35	35
Dutch	205	95	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	95	35	55
Danish	45	15	25
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	20	5	10
Swedish	25	10	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Greek	50	30	15
Indo-Iranian languages	2,635	1,450	1,185
Indo-Aryan languages	2,525	1,395	1,130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	170	125	45
Gujarati	85	45	40
Hindi	380	245	140
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10
Nepali	50	35	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685	860	825
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15
Urdu	90	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Iranian languages	100	55	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0
Persian languages	85	40	45
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	65	35	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,410	655	750
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	750	370	380
Portuguese	180	80	100
Romanian	45	20	25
Spanish	430	190	250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	160	45	115
Korean	240	115	130
Mongolian	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	65
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	5	0	5
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850	400	450
Chinese languages	845	395	445
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	510	225	280
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	280	145	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	5	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	5	30
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	35	5	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	5	0	5
Turkish	10	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	170	70	95
Estonian	5	5	10
Finnish	55	25	35
Hungarian	105	45	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,810	845	965
English and French	320	150	170
English and non-official language(s)	1,360	645	710
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	100	40	65
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,985	47,335	48,650
English	86,680	42,835	43,840
French	100	55	45
Non-official language	1,840	915	925
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,835	915	920
English and French	700	305	395
English and non-official language(s)	6,340	3,055	3,285
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	70	90
Multiple non-official languages	160	95	65
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,985	47,335	48,650
Single responses	94,710	46,730	47,980
Official languages	90,805	44,755	46,045
English	90,630	44,665	45,965
French	170	90	75
Non-official languages	3,910	1,975	1,930
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,900	1,970	1,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5
Vietnamese	110	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	265	120	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	15	10	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	95	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	45	30
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	50	30	20
Tamil	15	10	5
Telugu	15	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,545	1,300	1,250
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	85	115
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	200	80	115
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	65	25	40
Russian	65	30	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	215	90	130
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	135	55	75
German	125	50	75
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	45
Afrikaans	35	20	20
Dutch	30	10	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,700	935	765
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	910	745
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	85	60	30
Gujarati	50	35	20
Hindi	220	145	75
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	25	10	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190	620	570
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10
Urdu	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	30	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	420	180	235
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	165	60	105
Portuguese	50	25	25
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	180	85	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	30	35
Korean	165	90	75
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	250	260
Chinese languages	515	250	265
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	325	155	165
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	85	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	5
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,275	605	670
English and French	100	40	60
English and non-official language(s)	1,140	550	590
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,985	47,335	48,650
None	89,645	44,290	45,360
English	1,700	865	835
French	565	240	320
Non-official language	3,285	1,555	1,725
Indigenous³⁹	110	50	65
Non-Indigenous	3,170	1,505	1,660
English and French	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	140
French and non-official language(s)	100	50	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	390	185	200
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,555	46,695	47,865
Official languages	94,175	46,515	47,660
English	94,170	46,515	47,660
French	5,285	2,300	2,985
Non-official languages	12,950	6,365	6,585
Indigenous languages³⁹	345	145	195
Algonquian languages	110	45	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	90	30	60
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	85	25	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40	10	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	25	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	15
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20
Salish languages	155	65	85
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	20	15	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	125	50	75
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous languages	12,615	6,220	6,400
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	150	135
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	10
Hausa	10	0	10
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	275	145	125
Amharic	10	0	0
Arabic	245	125	120
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	60	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	815	325	490
Bikol	20	0	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Cebuano	50	10	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10
Ilocano	55	30	25
Indonesian	25	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	35	25	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	735	285	450
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Creole languages	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	300	165	135
Kannada	15	15	0
Malayalam	160	80	80
Tamil	115	80	35
Telugu	60	30	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,965	4,475	4,490
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	375	555
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	930	375	555
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10
Czech	50	20	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	160	90	65
Russian	345	110	230
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	205	90	115
Bosnian	45	25	25
Croatian	160	75	90
Serbian	40	15	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Slovak	30	0	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20
Ukrainian	195	75	115
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,915	835	1,080
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,365	585	785
German	1,335	565	770
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	55	35	25
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	205	250
Afrikaans	165	90	80
Dutch	235	100	135
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	30	15	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	150	60	95
Danish	65	30	35
Icelandic	10	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	15
Swedish	55	15	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Greek	75	45	30
Indo-Iranian languages	3,535	1,980	1,550
Indo-Aryan languages	3,415	1,910	1,505
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	165	105	55
Gujarati	135	70	65
Hindi	1,455	795	655
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0
Marathi	40	30	10
Nepali	95	60	35
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,285	1,250	1,035
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20
Urdu	340	200	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Iranian languages	145	90	60
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	105	60	45
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	55	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,765	1,340	1,425
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,000	495	510
Portuguese	295	125	165
Romanian	75	30	40
Spanish	1,495	725	775
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	490	210	280
Korean	240	135	105
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	345	185	160
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	35	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	50	25	20
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	65	25	30
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	110	65	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	120	40	80
American Sign Language	105	35	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	525	475
Chinese languages	980	515	465
Hakka	10	0	0
Mandarin	695	355	340
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	185	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	60	25	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	10	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	0	15
Turkish	25	0	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	225	100	125
Estonian	10	0	10
Finnish	85	35	55
Hungarian	130	70	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,885	4,760	5,125
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,500	4,600	4,905
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,460	2,625	2,840
Métis	4,020	1,960	2,065
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260	110	145
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	50	75
Non-Indigenous identity	84,675	41,930	42,740
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560	46,695	47,865
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,980	1,880	2,105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,575	44,815	45,765
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,910	...	...
Owner	27,960	...	...
Renter	11,955	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,910	...	...
Condominium	6,895	...	...
Not condominium	33,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,910	...	...
No bedrooms	480	...	...
1 bedroom	4,810	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,120	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,555	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,910	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,740	...	...
5 rooms	5,290	...	...
6 rooms	4,990	...	...
7 rooms	4,685	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,205	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,910	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,455	...	...
More than one person per room	460	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,910	...	...
Suitable	38,490	...	...
Not suitable	1,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,910	...	...
1960 or before	4,245	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,020	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,245	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,700	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,765	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,145	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,770	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,910	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,890	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,020	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,910	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,510	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,095	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,310	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,910	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,955	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,715	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,640	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,695	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,470	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...
85 years and over	1,255	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,795	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,550	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,910	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	...	...
Not suitable only	1,100	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,460	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,700	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,140	...	...
In core need	3,795	...	...
Not in core need	35,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,910	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	567,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,950	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,256	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,560	46,695	47,865
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,190	1,585	1,610
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,105	1,555	1,555
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415	1,155	1,255
Métis single ancestry	680	385	295
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	30	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	30	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,290	3,480	3,810
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,945	3,340	3,610
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,390	2,160	2,235
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,515	1,145	1,365
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	35	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	340	140	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	135	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,075	41,635	42,445
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,560	46,695	47,865
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,210	43,955	45,250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,440	8,835	8,595
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,775	35,115	36,655
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,350	2,740	2,610
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,560	46,695	47,865
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	82,550	40,755	41,800
Immigrants⁸¹	9,335	4,445	4,885
Before 1980	3,515	1,685	1,835
1980 to 1990	970	445	520
1991 to 2000	1,080	515	565
2001 to 2010	1,470	665	810
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,300	1,135	1,160
2011 to 2015	955	455	500
2016 to 2021	1,340	680	665
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,675	1,495	1,175
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,330	4,445	4,885
Under 5 years	1,180	610	565
5 to 14 years	1,725	910	815
15 to 24 years	2,020	920	1,100
25 to 44 years	3,860	1,785	2,080
45 years and over	545	220	325
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,330	4,445	4,885
Americas	1,225	545	680
Brazil	40	10	30
Colombia	45	10	30
El Salvador	30	10	20
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10
Mexico	100	50	50
Peru	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0
United States of America	790	345	445
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90
Europe	3,900	1,875	2,025
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40
Croatia	95	55	45
France	45	25	25
Germany	555	255	300
Greece	20	15	10
Hungary	70	45	20
Italy	535	255	280
Netherlands	205	100	105
Poland	135	80	50
Portugal	100	50	50
Romania	75	35	45
Russian Federation	75	30	45
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	45	10	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,425	695	730
Other places of birth in Europe	445	200	240
Africa	555	320	240
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10
Nigeria	100	65	35
Somalia	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	140	105
Other places of birth in Africa	170	95	80
Asia	3,390	1,575	1,810
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	320	165	160
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	20	45
Korea, South⁹²	120	60	55
Taiwan	45	20	25
Philippines	750	300	450
Viet Nam	85	35	50
Bangladesh	40	20	15
India	1,240	620	625
Pakistan	190	80	105
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	405	155	245
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	260	125	135
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,340	675	665
Americas	125	60	70
Brazil	15	0	10
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	15	10
United States of America	60	30	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0
Europe	135	70	70
France	10	10	0
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15
Africa	180	100	80
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	40	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	40
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20
Asia	850	420	430
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	300	160	145
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	20	20
Philippines	295	125	170
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	40
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20
Australia	35	25	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,560	46,695	47,865
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,815	6,325	6,490
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,420	7,400	8,020
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,325	32,970	33,355
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,815	2,765	3,055
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,060	1,585	1,480
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350	760	590
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,720	825	890
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,240	880	1,355
Refugees¹⁰⁸	435	240	190
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	55	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,815	2,765	3,055
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	85	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,045	490	555
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	115	145
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	250	310
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	25	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,790	1,795	1,995
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,560	46,695	47,865
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,245	5,150	5,100
South Asian	4,260	2,335	1,925
Chinese	1,295	650	645
Black	985	480	500
Filipino	1,100	440	655
Arab	175	85	85
Latin American	490	225	265
Southeast Asian	310	160	155
West Asian	145	80	65
Korean	250	145	105
Japanese	875	385	490
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	45	70
Multiple visible minorities	260	120	140
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,315	41,550	42,765
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,555	46,695	47,865
Canadian	12,770	6,510	6,260
English	27,205	13,095	14,110
Irish	17,005	8,205	8,805
Scottish	21,540	10,315	11,225
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,220	4,455	4,760
German	15,705	7,725	7,980
Chinese	1,435	685	745
Italian	5,265	2,645	2,615
Indian (India)	2,530	1,405	1,130
Ukrainian	6,710	3,240	3,470
Dutch	4,605	2,340	2,265
Polish	3,560	1,690	1,870
Québécois	105	40	65
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,785	1,845	1,940
Filipino	1,100	450	650
French Canadian	1,025	485	540
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,975	1,020	955
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,890	1,930	1,960
Métis	3,620	1,705	1,915
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,550	1,200	1,350
Russian	2,685	1,280	1,410
Norwegian	4,045	1,935	2,105
Welsh	2,330	1,065	1,270
Portuguese	575	265	305
American	1,695	845	850
Spanish	745	320	420
Swedish	3,345	1,605	1,740
Hungarian	1,520	710	815
Acadian	160	105	60
Pakistani	210	105	105
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	380	160	225
Jewish	380	160	220
Punjabi	560	295	265
Vietnamese	200	100	100
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	50
Greek	385	185	190
Jamaican	120	65	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325	165	165
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	950	405	545
Korean	230	120	110
Romanian	620	295	325
Lebanese	135	80	50
Iranian	95	50	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	85	75
Danish	1,465	675	790
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705	355	345
Sikh	570	335	240
Austrian	1,245	620	620
Belgian	520	245	270
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	160	70	85
Mexican	410	235	170
Mennonite	250	155	95
Swiss	765	415	355
Finnish	990	475	515
Sri Lankan	55	25	30
Croatian	495	245	245
Japanese	995	430	565
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	135	70	65
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	45	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	905	395	510
Muslim	95	60	40
Egyptian	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	45	60
Tamil	20	10	0
Icelandic	635	315	325
Colombian	75	25	50
Moroccan	15	0	15
Czech	440	225	220
Syrian	80	45	40
Guyanese	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	45	30
Serbian	110	45	65
Ojibway	165	85	80
Newfoundlander	170	75	100
Hong Konger	25	20	0
Ontarian	80	40	45
Persian	50	35	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20
Turkish	35	0	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	55	10
Bangladeshi	80	50	30
Algerian	10	0	0
Brazilian	90	30	60
Nigerian	175	80	100
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	315	170	145
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	135	130
Somali	15	15	0
Taiwanese	105	40	60
Iraqi	15	0	10
Salvadorean	15	10	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	15
Algonquin	15	0	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	155	60	95
South African	285	140	145
Australian	300	175	130
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	105	50	55
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	20	25
Ethiopian	10	0	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20
Peruvian	10	10	10
Yoruba	95	65	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	15	0	10
Maltese	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	140	60	80
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	65	125
New Brunswicker	30	15	15
Gujarati	40	20	20
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	30	15	20
Israeli	25	15	10
Mohawk	40	15	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	90	80
Bulgarian	15	10	0
Albertan	140	60	80
Ghanaian	30	0	25
Barbadian	15	0	15
African American	65	25	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	100	80
Tunisian	15	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	25	40
Cuban	30	10	20
Bosnian	70	30	45
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	90	40	50
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	35	50
Laotian	10	0	0
Ilocano	40	15	25
Northern Irish	75	40	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	60	55
British Columbian	635	270	370
Ecuadorian	10	10	0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15
Argentinian	40	10	30
Estonian	50	15	30
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	15
Jatt	20	20	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	55	20	35
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	85	45	40
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	35	20	15
Byelorussian	50	20	35
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	30
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	0
New Zealander	155	65	90
Sudanese	30	10	20
Breton	15	0	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25
Malaysian	60	30	25
Plains Cree	25	10	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	135	65	75
Buddhist	15	10	10
Gaspesian	10	0	0
Norman	35	20	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	30	20	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	20	10	10
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	20	10	10
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	0	15
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	10
Cherokee	95	35	55
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	50	15	40
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	70	30	40
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	15	0	15
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	30	15	15
Costa Rican	15	15	0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,560	46,695	47,865
Buddhist	440	195	245
Christian	31,790	14,180	17,605
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,575	3,615	3,960
Anabaptist	160	80	80
Anglican	3,000	1,210	1,785
Baptist	1,225	525	695
Catholic	10,620	4,920	5,700
Christian Orthodox	465	215	245
Jehovah's Witness	600	275	330
Latter Day Saints	380	165	215
Lutheran	1,360	540	820
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	35	55
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	430	450
Presbyterian	460	190	270
Reformed	85	50	40
United Church	3,110	1,120	1,985
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,805	810	985
Hindu	995	545	450
Jewish	85	50	35
Muslim	890	490	395
Sikh	2,005	1,110	905
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190	105	90
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	345	580
No religion and secular perspectives	57,245	29,675	27,565
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,685	46,250	47,440
Non-movers	80,220	39,705	40,515
Movers	13,465	6,540	6,930
Non-migrants	8,870	4,240	4,630
Migrants	4,600	2,300	2,300
Internal migrants	4,055	2,055	2,000
Intraprovincial migrants	2,815	1,450	1,365
Interprovincial migrants	1,235	610	630
External migrants	545	245	300
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,120	44,395	45,725
Non-movers	49,480	24,280	25,200
Movers	40,645	20,115	20,530
Non-migrants	20,585	10,225	10,360
Migrants	20,055	9,890	10,170
Internal migrants	16,880	8,220	8,655
Intraprovincial migrants	12,495	6,065	6,430
Interprovincial migrants	4,385	2,160	2,225
External migrants	3,175	1,670	1,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	39,170	40,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,165	6,565	5,600
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,605	32,605	35,000
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	25,125	25,675
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,355	2,535	1,830
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,445	22,600	23,845
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775	39,170	40,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,475	5,470	5,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,825	13,490	13,335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,470	20,205	22,265
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,185	13,225	12,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,445	6,790	1,660
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000	1,860	1,145
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,440	4,930	515
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,705	4,970	8,735
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035	1,475	2,560
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,285	6,980	9,305
Bachelor's degree	10,945	4,620	6,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275	505	770
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	300	190
Master's degree	3,130	1,315	1,815
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	445	240	205
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805	25,130	25,675
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,540	2,020	1,515
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,460	8,155	7,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,810	14,955	16,850
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,800	9,585	9,215
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,930	4,840	1,090
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,025	1,255	770
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,905	3,585	320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,880	3,625	6,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,985	1,120	1,865
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,010	5,370	7,640
Bachelor's degree	8,815	3,655	5,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	385	600
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	210	180
Master's degree	2,505	970	1,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325	155	175
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,775	39,170	40,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,305	18,965	18,340
Education	3,435	865	2,575
13. Education	3,435	865	2,575
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	435	505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	20
50. Visual and performing arts	860	375	485
Humanities	1,600	620	975
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	30	75
23. English language and literature/letters	440	120	320
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	180	345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	120	65
54. History	230	115	115
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,575	1,165	2,410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	140	175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	55	660
22. Legal professions and studies	755	230	530
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	20	30
42. Psychology	635	185	450
45. Social sciences	1,055	530	535
Business, management and public administration	8,435	3,070	5,360
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210	195	1,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,215	2,875	4,345
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,635	840	790
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715	310	405
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	175	220
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	400	300	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	45	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	715	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960	645	310
25. Library science	65	0	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	70	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,465	8,795	665
04. Architecture and related services	140	90	50
14. Engineering	1,200	975	230
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665	1,470	195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,775	2,710	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620	2,515	100
48. Precision production	1,075	1,045	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625	990	635
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	265	310
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,050	725	330
Health and related fields	7,860	1,230	6,630
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	180	170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,295	930	6,365
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	115	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,735	1,470	1,270
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	495	1,125
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	420	305	115
49. Transportation and materials moving	690	660	25
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,805	25,130	25,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,000	10,175	8,825
Education	2,290	460	1,830
13. Education	2,290	460	1,830
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780	340	440
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15
50. Visual and performing arts	740	315	425
Humanities	1,185	475	710
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	25	70
23. English language and literature/letters	315	90	230
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360	130	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45
54. History	200	105	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,825	875	1,960
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	95	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	50	510
22. Legal professions and studies	635	165	470
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	30
42. Psychology	500	130	370
45. Social sciences	830	410	415
Business, management and public administration	6,370	2,400	3,965
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	145	770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,455	2,255	3,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,270	640	630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	250	330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	130	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	310	235	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940	630	305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	580	250
25. Library science	40	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,840	6,280	560
04. Architecture and related services	115	80	40
14. Engineering	905	725	185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	1,040	180
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,980	1,935	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815	1,730	90
48. Precision production	800	775	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,320	750	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	195	280
03. Natural resources and conservation	845	550	290
Health and related fields	5,930	990	4,940
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	155	145
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450	745	4,710
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	90	80
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045	1,120	930
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220	405	810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	295	210	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	505	30
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,805	25,130	25,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000	10,175	8,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,805	14,955	16,855
Location of study inside Canada	28,635	13,375	15,260
Same as province or territory of residence	23,475	10,965	12,510
Different than province or territory of residence	5,160	2,410	2,750
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,170	1,580	1,585
Americas	750	355	395
United States of America	600	300	300
Mexico	60	30	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	25	0	20
Colombia	30	10	20
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20
Europe	625	340	285
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	10	0
Germany	50	30	20
Netherlands	20	10	10
Switzerland	15	0	10
Hungary	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	15
Ukraine	30	10	20
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	215	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	50	20	30
Africa	240	120	120
Nigeria	55	25	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30
Other locations of study in Africa	65	35	35
Asia	1,380	680	700
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	85	45	45
Taiwan	20	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Japan	55	10	45
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25
Philippines	280	80	200
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	20	0	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	645	410	240
Pakistan	50	20	35
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35
Oceania	175	85	95
Australia	120	45	75
New Zealand	40	30	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,775	39,170	40,605
In the labour force	51,030	26,490	24,540
Employed	47,235	24,505	22,730
Unemployed	3,800	1,990	1,815
Not in the labour force	28,745	12,675	16,060
Participation rate	64.0	67.6	60.4
Employment rate	59.2	62.6	56.0
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,775	39,170	40,600
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,170	13,230	15,935
Worked	50,605	25,935	24,670
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,275	14,720	11,550
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,335	11,215	13,120
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,030	26,495	24,540
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085
Employee	43,895	22,480	21,420
Permanent position	36,885	19,275	17,605
Temporary position	7,015	3,200	3,810
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755	730	1,025
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,260	2,470	2,785
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,130	3,460	2,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,030	26,495	24,540
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	175	75
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,510	1,960	5,550
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,090	2,380	710
3 Health occupations	4,915	920	3,995
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,240	2,030	4,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030	385	640
6 Sales and service occupations	13,475	5,910	7,565
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,575	9,710	870
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,560	1,285	280
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375	1,175	200
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,030	26,495	24,540
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005	555	450
All industries¹⁹¹	50,025	25,940	24,085
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	595	420	175
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,575	1,395	175
22 Utilities	285	225	65
23 Construction	4,580	3,895	680
31-33 Manufacturing	2,350	1,900	450
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	1,100	305
44-45 Retail trade	6,950	3,425	3,520
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,880	2,370	505
51 Information and cultural industries	495	285	210
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	370	750
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	395	425
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,230	1,615	1,615
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	55	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,200	810
61 Educational services	3,420	1,090	2,325
62 Health care and social assistance	7,955	1,365	6,590
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,210	615	600
72 Accommodation and food services	3,750	1,585	2,170
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,215	1,075	1,140
91 Public administration	3,125	1,570	1,555
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,585	28,030	26,555
English	53,665	27,625	26,040
French	60	20	40
Non-official language	140	85	55
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	85	55
English and French	195	45	150
English and non-official language(s)	525	255	270
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,585	28,030	26,555
Single responses	54,495	27,980	26,515
Official languages	54,275	27,845	26,430
English	54,175	27,820	26,355
French	100	30	75
Non-official languages	220	130	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	130	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	65	45
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	40
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	40
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	35
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	25	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	20
Chinese languages	70	45	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	30	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	45	45
English and French	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	65	45	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,585	28,030	26,555
None	53,945	27,770	26,180
English	120	60	60
French	135	30	100
Non-official language	300	130	170
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	30
Non-Indigenous	270	130	140
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,235	24,505	22,730
Worked at home	6,360	2,675	3,690
Worked outside Canada	65	45	20
No fixed workplace address	7,325	5,495	1,825
Usual place of work	33,480	16,285	17,195
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,480	16,285	17,195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,675	12,620	16,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,890	3,000	890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695	490	200
Commute to a different province or territory	220	170	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,800	21,785	19,020
Car, truck or van	35,645	19,280	16,360
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,190	18,135	15,060
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,455	1,150	1,305
Public transit	1,840	785	1,060
Walked	2,075	870	1,210
Bicycle	385	300	85
Other method	855	550	300
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,800	21,785	19,020
Less than 15 minutes	17,330	8,350	8,980
15 to 29 minutes	17,630	9,430	8,200
30 to 44 minutes	3,000	1,900	1,105
45 to 59 minutes	1,215	810	400
60 minutes and over	1,625	1,300	330
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,800	21,785	19,020
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	2,315	620
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,385	4,845	2,540
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,015	5,710	5,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,575	3,460	5,120
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,555	1,885	2,675
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,330	3,575	2,755
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,180	9,300	8,875
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,090	540	550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,090	8,760	8,330
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,405	6,895	6,515
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	415	420
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	245	265
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	170	155
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,570	6,480	6,090

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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