Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Langley, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,963	...	...
Population, 2016¹	25,888	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,271	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,598	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,845.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,965	13,995	14,970
0 to 14 years	4,420	2,230	2,185
0 to 4 years	1,620	815	805
5 to 9 years	1,515	765	750
10 to 14 years	1,285	650	630
15 to 64 years	18,730	9,305	9,425
15 to 19 years	1,250	635	615
20 to 24 years	1,460	750	710
25 to 29 years	2,155	1,055	1,100
30 to 34 years	2,375	1,180	1,200
35 to 39 years	2,385	1,200	1,190
40 to 44 years	1,870	935	935
45 to 49 years	1,670	820	855
50 to 54 years	1,780	875	900
55 to 59 years	1,935	955	980
60 to 64 years	1,850	905	940
65 years and over	5,815	2,455	3,360
65 to 69 years	1,640	720	920
70 to 74 years	1,535	680	860
75 to 79 years	1,085	480	605
80 to 84 years	725	295	425
85 years and over	830	275	550
85 to 89 years	480	185	295
90 to 94 years	235	70	160
95 to 99 years	95	20	75
100 years and over	20	0	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.6
15 to 64 years	64.7	66.5	63.0
65 years and over	20.1	17.5	22.4
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	42.5	41.2	43.7
Median age of the population	41.2	39.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,600	...	...
Single-detached house	2,685	...	...
Semi-detached house	305	...	...
Row house	1,180	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,595	...	...
1 person	4,465	...	...
2 persons	4,275	...	...
3 persons	1,735	...	...
4 persons	1,310	...	...
5 or more persons	815	...	...
Number of persons in private households	28,025	13,570	14,460
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,545	11,760	12,785
Married or living common-law	13,165	6,610	6,555
Married	10,435	5,240	5,190
Living common-law	2,735	1,370	1,360
Living common law - Never married	2,010	1,020	995
Living common law - Separated	145	80	70
Living common law - Divorced	520	250	275
Living common law - Widowed	55	30	25
Not married and not living common-law	11,375	5,150	6,230
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,570	3,555	3,015
Not married and not living common law - Separated	920	395	530
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,260	865	1,390
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,625	335	1,290
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,710	...	...
2 persons	4,240	...	...
3 persons	1,645	...	...
4 persons	1,295	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,715	...	...
Total couple families	6,290	...	...
Married couples	4,925	...	...
With children⁶	2,590	...	...
Without children	2,335	...	...
Common-law couples	1,365	...	...
With children⁶	425	...	...
Without children	935	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,420	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,125	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	295	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	28,025	13,570	14,460
Total - Persons in census families	21,480	10,545	10,935
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,585	6,290	6,295
Parents in one-parent families	1,420	295	1,125
Children⁶	7,480	3,965	3,515
In a two-parent family	5,465	2,830	2,635
In a one-parent family	2,015	1,135	880
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,550	3,020	3,525
Living alone	4,470	1,975	2,490
Living with other relatives⁷	710	295	415
Living with non-relatives only	1,370	750	620
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,595	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,740	...	...
Couple-family households	5,580	...	...
With children⁶	2,640	...	...
Without children	2,940	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,165	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	265	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	420	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	630	...	...
One-person households	4,470	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	23,615	11,340	12,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,010	11,045	11,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,035	11,060	11,975
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,355	9,995	10,365
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,810	8,610	8,205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,585	8,810	10,780
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,100	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,380	990	1,385
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,120	2,785	3,335
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	23,615	11,340	12,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,040	11,095	11,945
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	57,050	41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,080	11,115	11,965
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	48,480	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,375	9,975	10,400
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,300	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,815	8,590	8,225
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,000	55,450	38,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,675	8,865	10,810
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,250	10,300	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,340	920	1,420
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,100	5,580	6,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,125	2,765	3,360
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,430	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	23,615	11,345	12,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,670	5,035	3,635
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,100	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,355	2,670	3,680
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	26,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	33,160	23,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.6	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	75.2	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	14.4	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.6	7.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	3.7	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	23,615	11,345	12,270
Without total income	605	300	305
With total income	23,015	11,045	11,965
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,670	670	995
$10,000 to $19,999	2,405	950	1,455
$20,000 to $29,999	3,555	1,320	2,240
$30,000 to $39,999	3,145	1,260	1,885
$40,000 to $49,999	2,975	1,295	1,685
$50,000 to $59,999	2,500	1,240	1,260
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	1,020	840
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430	875	550
$80,000 to $89,999	1,010	670	345
$90,000 to $99,999	765	500	265
$100,000 and over	1,690	1,250	440
$100,000 to $149,999	1,355	980	370
$150,000 and over	335	275	65
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	23,615	11,345	12,270
Without after-tax income	575	280	295
With after-tax income	23,040	11,060	11,975
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,730	695	1,035
$10,000 to $19,999	2,465	965	1,500
$20,000 to $29,999	4,060	1,545	2,520
$30,000 to $39,999	3,740	1,540	2,200
$40,000 to $49,999	3,520	1,660	1,860
$50,000 to $59,999	2,585	1,390	1,200
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	1,105	710
$70,000 to $79,999	1,210	790	420
$80,000 to $89,999	735	470	260
$90,000 to $99,999	455	335	120
$100,000 and over	720	565	155
$100,000 to $124,999	470	360	105
$125,000 and over	250	200	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	23,615	11,345	12,270
Without employment income	6,800	2,730	4,075
With employment income	16,815	8,610	8,200
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,895	805	1,090
$5,000 to $9,999	1,135	430	700
$10,000 to $19,999	1,775	685	1,085
$20,000 to $29,999	1,485	620	860
$30,000 to $39,999	1,775	800	970
$40,000 to $49,999	1,790	845	945
$50,000 to $59,999	1,730	895	830
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	780	555
$70,000 to $79,999	1,085	700	380
$80,000 to $89,999	815	575	245
$90,000 to $99,999	645	425	220
$100,000 and over	1,365	1,050	315
$100,000 to $124,999	820	615	205
$125,000 and over	545	435	110
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	23,615	11,340	12,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,440	10,735	11,700
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,480	10,740	11,740
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,205	9,860	10,345
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,240	8,685	8,550
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,415	6,350	9,065
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,920	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,675	695	980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	4,560	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	23,615	11,340	12,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,425	10,785	11,640
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,880	56,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,475	10,785	11,690
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	46,960	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,260	9,890	10,370
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,760	55,300	34,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,315	8,675	8,640
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,440	54,400	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,445	6,385	9,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,340	8,950	9,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,610	635	975
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	6,180	9,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	23,615	11,345	12,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,560	4,960	3,600
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	69,500	53,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,005	2,490	3,515
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	33,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	39,240	28,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.6
Employment income (%)	74.8	78.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	13.7	9.5	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,595	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,470	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,130	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	12,595	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,480	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,115	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,600	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	700	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	410	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	485	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,035	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	970	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	895	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	750	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,425	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,565	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,095	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,115	...	...
$200,000 and over	645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,600	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	320	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	715	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	540	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	600	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	610	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,105	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,025	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	920	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	825	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,400	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	900	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,010	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,680	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,035	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,010	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,360	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,840	2,730	3,110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	45,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,400	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,670	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,010	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,015	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,335	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,780	2,690	3,095
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,680	55,200	42,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,360	47,080	38,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	28,030	13,570	14,455
0 to 17 years	5,150	2,590	2,555
0 to 5 years	1,930	980	950
18 to 64 years	17,730	8,780	8,945
65 years and over	5,150	2,195	2,960
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,060	1,310	1,755
0 to 17 years	635	310	325
0 to 5 years	215	100	120
18 to 64 years	1,440	650	790
65 years and over	985	345	640
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	9.6	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	12.0	12.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	10.0	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.4	8.8
65 years and over (%)	19.1	15.7	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,025	13,570	14,460
0 to 17 years	5,145	2,595	2,555
0 to 5 years	1,930	975	950
18 to 64 years	17,730	8,785	8,945
65 years and over	5,150	2,195	2,955
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,730	825	905
0 to 17 years	275	140	135
0 to 5 years	90	40	50
18 to 64 years	1,125	565	560
65 years and over	330	120	210
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2
65 years and over (%)	6.4	5.4	7.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	28,030	13,570	14,455
In bottom half of the distribution	14,170	6,490	7,680
In bottom decile	2,740	1,205	1,535
In second decile	2,885	1,255	1,630
In third decile	2,700	1,245	1,450
In fourth decile	2,825	1,320	1,505
In fifth decile	3,025	1,465	1,560
In top half of the distribution	13,855	7,080	6,780
In sixth decile	3,255	1,600	1,650
In seventh decile	3,180	1,590	1,585
In eighth decile	3,045	1,575	1,470
In ninth decile	2,690	1,400	1,285
In top decile	1,690	910	785
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	28,025	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.282	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,155	13,625	14,525
English only	26,410	12,870	13,540
French only	15	5	10
English and French	1,280	550	725
Neither English nor French	450	200	250
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,155	13,625	14,525
English	27,390	13,275	14,115
French	265	130	135
English and French	65	35	35
Neither English nor French	430	190	240
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,155	13,625	14,525
Single responses	27,200	13,170	14,030
Official languages	21,805	10,660	11,145
English	21,535	10,525	11,005
French	270	130	135
Non-official languages	5,400	2,515	2,885
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,395	2,510	2,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	185	180
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	365	185	180
Amharic	10	5	10
Arabic	315	155	155
Aramaic languages	20	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	85	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15
Vietnamese	155	75	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	700	310	390
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Cebuano	70	30	40
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10
Ilocano	30	15	15
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	10	5	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10
Pangasinan	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515	230	285
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	35	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	20
Tamil	25	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,830	1,360	1,470
Albanian	35	20	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	450	205	245
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	5
Slavic languages	440	205	240
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	40	20	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	90	35	55
Russian	145	65	80
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	45
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	40	25	20
Serbian	45	25	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	40	20	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	410	195	220
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	240	110	130
German	235	105	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	75
Afrikaans	15	10	10
Dutch	110	55	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	15
Danish	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,145	570	580
Indo-Aryan languages	990	490	505
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	5
Gujarati	20	5	10
Hindi	170	90	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	15	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	670	320	345
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15
Urdu	65	35	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Iranian languages	155	85	75
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5
Persian languages	120	60	60
Dari	35	20	15
Iranian Persian	70	35	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	350	390
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	25	30
Portuguese	130	55	70
Romanian	50	25	30
Spanish	500	240	260
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	75	20	55
Korean	330	150	180
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	285	360
Chinese languages	390	160	230
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	235	100	140
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	50	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	250	120	135
Burmese	15	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	240	115	120
S'gaw Karen	225	105	115
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	25	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	40	55
Estonian	10	5	5
Finnish	10	0	10
Hungarian	75	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	945	455	495
English and French	95	40	55
English and non-official language(s)	715	350	370
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,155	13,625	14,525
English	22,350	10,885	11,465
French	55	25	30
Non-official language	1,550	750	800
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,545	750	800
English and French	140	65	75
English and non-official language(s)	3,830	1,800	2,035
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,155	13,625	14,525
Single responses	27,220	13,195	14,025
Official languages	24,220	11,730	12,490
English	24,140	11,695	12,445
French	75	30	45
Non-official languages	3,005	1,465	1,540
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,000	1,465	1,540
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	130	130
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	260	130	130
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	235	115	120
Aramaic languages	15	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	10
Vietnamese	110	60	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	385	190	195
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5
Pangasinan	5	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	150	150
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,345	650	695
Albanian	25	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	100	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	195	95	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	20
Russian	105	50	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10
German	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10
Afrikaans	15	5	10
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	735	355	380
Indo-Aryan languages	635	310	330
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5
Hindi	90	45	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	230	235
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	45	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	100	50	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	70	35	35
Dari	25	10	15
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	170	180
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	70	35	30
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	265	130	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	15	15
Korean	270	125	145
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	25	15	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	215	220
Chinese languages	265	125	140
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	175	85	95
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	5	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	165	85	80
Burmese	10	0	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	155	80	75
S'gaw Karen	140	75	70
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	930	435	495
English and French	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	855	400	460
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,155	13,630	14,525
None	24,730	12,025	12,705
English	1,170	575	595
French	105	45	60
Non-official language	1,700	770	930
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,700	770	930
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	190	90	100
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	215	100	110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	28,030	13,570	14,460
Official languages	27,565	13,395	14,170
English	27,545	13,380	14,165
French	1,310	545	760
Non-official languages	7,210	3,320	3,890
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10
Algonquian languages	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,190	3,310	3,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	260	220
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	470	250	220
Amharic	30	15	20
Arabic	410	220	190
Aramaic languages	25	15	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	80	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	20
Vietnamese	155	70	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	885	400	480
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	0
Cebuano	90	30	60
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	60	30	30
Indonesian	30	15	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10
Pangasinan	25	15	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	840	380	460
Waray-Waray	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	10	15
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	20	45
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	15
Tamil	25	0	20
Telugu	20	0	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,230	1,945	2,285
Albanian	85	40	45
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	270	320
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	585	270	320
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10
Czech	40	25	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	105	25	80
Russian	260	125	130
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	150	85	70
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20
Serbian	100	55	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	30	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	835	365	470
Frisian	10	0	0
High German languages	480	230	250
German	470	230	240
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	120	175
Afrikaans	85	40	45
Dutch	195	75	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	70	15	50
Danish	40	15	25
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	0	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	10	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,785	835	950
Indo-Aryan languages	1,575	740	825
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10
Gujarati	45	15	30
Hindi	630	295	335
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	25	20	0
Nepali	40	20	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,160	565	595
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	25	35
Urdu	75	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	275	120	155
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	225	100	120
Dari	110	35	70
Iranian Persian	115	60	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,065	480	585
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	135	55	75
Portuguese	245	120	125
Romanian	60	30	30
Spanish	710	300	410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	110	35	70
Korean	365	150	210
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	85	60
Akan (Twi)	25	25	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	70	35	35
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	0	30
American Sign Language	40	0	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	285	360
Chinese languages	390	160	230
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	110	185
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	60	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	255	125	130
Burmese	45	25	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	235	115	120
S'gaw Karen	235	115	120
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	45	30
Lao	30	25	10
Thai	60	35	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	20	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	60	55
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	30	0	20
Hungarian	85	60	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,025	13,570	14,455
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,595	730	870
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,510	675	830
First Nations (North American Indian)	715	315	400
Métis	765	350	415
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	35	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	26,430	12,845	13,590
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,025	13,570	14,455
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	355	220	130
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,675	13,350	14,325
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	12,595	...	...
Owner	7,920	...	...
Renter	4,680	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	12,595	...	...
Condominium	5,730	...	...
Not condominium	6,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	12,595	...	...
No bedrooms	150	...	...
1 bedroom	2,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,405	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,605	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	12,595	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,145	...	...
5 rooms	2,175	...	...
6 rooms	1,340	...	...
7 rooms	1,010	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,930	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	12,595	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,215	...	...
More than one person per room	380	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	12,595	...	...
Suitable	11,685	...	...
Not suitable	910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	12,595	...	...
1960 or before	475	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,320	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,975	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	570	...	...
2006 to 2010	785	...	...
2011 to 2015	665	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	12,595	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,930	...	...
Major repairs needed	670	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	12,595	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,750	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	605	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	12,595	...	...
15 to 24 years	250	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,080	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,325	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,185	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,210	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,920	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,205	...	...
85 years and over	425	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,580	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	12,595	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,005	...	...
Not suitable only	725	...	...
Major repairs needed only	405	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,070	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,315	...	...
In core need	2,625	...	...
Not in core need	9,695	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,920	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,584	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	688,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	35.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	28,030	13,570	14,455
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	365	155	215
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	145	190
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	215	95	125
Métis single ancestry	120	50	70
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,415	670	745
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,360	650	710
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	785	370	415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	540	270	270
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	26,245	12,745	13,500
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	28,030	13,570	14,460
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	25,315	12,300	13,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,840	2,445	2,395
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,475	9,855	10,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,715	1,270	1,445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	28,030	13,570	14,460
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,030	10,295	10,735
Immigrants⁸¹	6,530	3,050	3,480
Before 1980	1,340	615	725
1980 to 1990	640	300	340
1991 to 2000	840	350	485
2001 to 2010	1,335	635	705
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,370	1,145	1,225
2011 to 2015	1,060	540	515
2016 to 2021	1,310	605	710
Non-permanent residents⁸³	465	225	240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,530	3,050	3,480
Under 5 years	635	305	330
5 to 14 years	1,165	610	560
15 to 24 years	1,360	630	725
25 to 44 years	2,815	1,250	1,565
45 years and over	550	255	295
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,530	3,050	3,480
Americas	925	400	520
Brazil	90	40	50
Colombia	65	30	30
El Salvador	50	15	35
Guyana	15	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	10	15
Mexico	95	40	60
Peru	10	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	10	30
United States of America	305	135	170
Other places of birth in Americas	220	110	115
Europe	1,725	855	865
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10
Croatia	10	10	0
France	15	10	10
Germany	170	75	95
Greece	10	0	10
Hungary	55	40	10
Italy	25	15	15
Netherlands	150	75	75
Poland	80	25	60
Portugal	50	25	20
Romania	65	35	30
Russian Federation	85	40	45
Serbia⁸⁶	35	25	15
Ukraine	65	35	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	630	310	320
Other places of birth in Europe	265	130	130
Africa	400	195	200
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15
Egypt	25	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	20	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50
Other places of birth in Africa	170	80	90
Asia	3,395	1,550	1,850
Afghanistan	80	35	45
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	35
Iraq	75	45	35
Lebanon	35	15	25
Syria⁸⁹	140	75	65
Turkey	15	0	10
China⁹⁰	170	60	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35
Korea, South⁹²	265	105	165
Taiwan	60	30	25
Philippines	785	365	425
Viet Nam	120	45	75
Bangladesh	15	0	10
India	845	415	430
Pakistan	55	25	30
Sri Lanka	35	15	15
Other places of birth in Asia	590	265	325
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	45	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,315	605	705
Americas	210	70	140
Brazil	45	20	25
Colombia	30	15	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	35	10	20
United States of America	40	20	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	10	45
Europe	75	50	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	30	0
Africa	170	80	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	20
Asia	850	395	450
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	280	165	115
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10
Iraq	20	10	15
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40
Lebanon	15	0	15
Nepal	15	0	10
Pakistan	15	0	10
Philippines	140	45	95
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	90	45	50
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	95	40	50
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	28,025	13,570	14,460
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,260	3,410	3,850
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,230	3,060	3,175
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,535	7,105	7,430
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,185	2,435	2,755
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,615	1,275	1,335
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,020	580	440
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,595	700	900
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,465	600	865
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,030	525	510
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	30	45
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,185	2,435	2,755
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	250	145	105
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680	295	385
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	85	80
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	320	160	160
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	30	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,715	1,725	1,990
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	28,025	13,570	14,455
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,925	3,330	3,595
South Asian	1,960	940	1,025
Chinese	585	290	295
Black	605	300	305
Filipino	1,100	525	575
Arab	305	150	155
Latin American	510	265	245
Southeast Asian	655	320	345
West Asian	280	130	145
Korean	400	165	235
Japanese	165	80	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	40	70
Multiple visible minorities	245	120	125
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,110	10,240	10,870
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	28,030	13,570	14,460
Canadian	3,015	1,515	1,500
English	6,875	3,330	3,540
Irish	4,215	1,885	2,330
Scottish	5,160	2,450	2,715
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,045	955	1,090
German	3,550	1,735	1,815
Chinese	735	350	385
Italian	985	505	480
Indian (India)	1,150	570	580
Ukrainian	1,395	705	690
Dutch	1,685	820	865
Polish	820	335	485
Québécois	40	15	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,275	595	680
Filipino	1,075	520	560
French Canadian	360	160	195
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	525	255	265
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	460	220	240
Métis	745	345	400
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680	330	350
Russian	690	305	385
Norwegian	760	410	345
Welsh	675	300	380
Portuguese	260	155	105
American	440	180	265
Spanish	435	180	255
Swedish	620	260	360
Hungarian	375	170	210
Acadian	15	0	15
Pakistani	80	35	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	70	60
Jewish	70	35	40
Punjabi	370	165	205
Vietnamese	155	65	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	100	85
Greek	155	60	95
Jamaican	75	50	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	200	105	95
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	170	55	110
Korean	385	165	225
Romanian	205	100	105
Lebanese	80	30	55
Iranian	95	55	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	170	100	75
Danish	400	205	190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	125	40	85
Sikh	310	130	180
Austrian	315	175	140
Belgian	155	55	105
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	70	35	35
Mexican	205	105	100
Mennonite	100	55	45
Swiss	175	75	100
Finnish	255	125	130
Sri Lankan	45	10	30
Croatian	175	70	100
Japanese	245	115	130
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	15	45
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	20	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	100	105
Muslim	25	15	10
Egyptian	35	15	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	55	30
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	190	115	75
Colombian	35	25	15
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	125	50	75
Syrian	125	70	55
Guyanese	25	0	25
Afghan	130	55	75
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	25	30
Serbian	165	95	70
Ojibway	85	40	45
Newfoundlander	30	15	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	20	15
Persian	30	15	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	0	30
Turkish	35	10	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	15
Bangladeshi	30	15	15
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	20	25
Nigerian	20	10	10
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	90	45	40
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	15	25
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	45	25	30
Iraqi	35	20	20
Salvadorean	45	40	0
African Caribbean	10	10	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	30	20
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	20	35
Algonquin	25	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	10	10
Lithuanian	45	10	30
South African	100	45	55
Australian	65	25	40
Palestinian	30	15	15
Chilean	20	0	15
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	55	30
Peruvian	25	15	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	85	35	50
Maltese	20	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	25	35
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	0	10
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	10	25
Bulgarian	45	25	20
Albertan	15	15	0
Ghanaian	25	20	0
Barbadian	50	20	30
African American	40	20	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	30	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0
Cuban	30	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	0	25
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	15	20
Indonesian	45	10	30
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	35	15	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15
British Columbian	145	65	80
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	25	30
Fijian	90	50	50
Jatt	30	15	15
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	120	55	65
Dominican	10	10	0
Nepali	45	25	20
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	15	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	50	15	30
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	15
Malaysian	30	15	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0
Buddhist	25	10	15
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	10	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	10	15
Kenyan	15	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	0	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	25	10	10
Honduran	10	10	0
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	25	10	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0
Burmese	85	45	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	10	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	20	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	40	30	15
Karen	320	155	165
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	28,025	13,570	14,455
Buddhist	360	165	195
Christian	11,430	5,135	6,290
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,655	1,715	1,940
Anabaptist	100	40	60
Anglican	675	235	435
Baptist	560	255	305
Catholic	3,230	1,530	1,700
Christian Orthodox	240	100	140
Jehovah's Witness	115	40	75
Latter Day Saints	115	60	55
Lutheran	340	150	190
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	360	170	190
Presbyterian	165	60	110
Reformed	250	135	110
United Church	790	305	485
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	810	330	480
Hindu	350	160	185
Jewish	35	10	25
Muslim	800	365	435
Sikh	1,045	515	530
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	95	125
No religion and secular perspectives	13,790	7,120	6,670
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	27,765	13,470	14,300
Non-movers	23,570	11,405	12,170
Movers	4,190	2,060	2,130
Non-migrants	1,620	780	840
Migrants	2,575	1,285	1,285
Internal migrants	2,415	1,215	1,195
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255	1,150	1,105
Interprovincial migrants	155	65	90
External migrants	165	70	95
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	26,420	12,765	13,650
Non-movers	13,590	6,560	7,025
Movers	12,835	6,210	6,625
Non-migrants	2,245	1,045	1,200
Migrants	10,590	5,160	5,425
Internal migrants	9,355	4,555	4,795
Intraprovincial migrants	8,475	4,140	4,335
Interprovincial migrants	880	420	460
External migrants	1,235	605	630
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,615	11,340	12,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,415	2,345	2,070
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,200	8,995	10,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,785	7,750	8,040
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,060	1,200	865
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,725	6,550	7,170
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,615	11,340	12,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,735	1,985	1,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,970	3,840	4,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,905	5,515	6,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,865	3,840	4,020
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,480	1,875	610
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	890	510	380
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,590	1,365	225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,405	1,630	2,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	975	340	640
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,040	1,670	2,370
Bachelor's degree	2,805	1,145	1,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	125	215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	30	45
Master's degree	740	335	405
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	45
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,785	7,750	8,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,700	1,025	675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,885	2,510	2,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,205	4,215	4,985
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,820	2,830	2,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,775	1,355	420
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	600	335	270
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	1,025	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,305	1,225	2,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	740	250	490
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,380	1,385	2,000
Bachelor's degree	2,370	970	1,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	105	170
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	15	45
Master's degree	620	270	350
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	20	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,615	11,340	12,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,710	5,825	5,880
Education	745	135	610
13. Education	745	135	610
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	155	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	300	110	190
Humanities	600	210	390
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	60
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	45	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	20
54. History	65	40	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,310	395	915
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	20	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	30	275
22. Legal professions and studies	175	40	135
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	15
42. Psychology	245	85	165
45. Social sciences	430	205	225
Business, management and public administration	2,450	865	1,590
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,315	835	1,485
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	135	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	50	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	30	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	75	50	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440	275	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	360	235	120
25. Library science	25	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,775	2,565	210
04. Architecture and related services	45	40	0
14. Engineering	395	320	80
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	480	395	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	820	800	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	625	610	15
48. Precision production	410	395	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	95	195
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	70	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	30	20
Health and related fields	1,850	300	1,545
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	65	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,710	225	1,485
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	795	375	420
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	545	155	390
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	100	80	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,785	7,750	8,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,585	3,535	3,050
Education	545	95	445
13. Education	545	95	445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	110	175
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	245	80	165
Humanities	485	160	320
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	50
23. English language and literature/letters	95	30	65
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	40	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10
54. History	40	25	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,080	330	745
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	20	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	15	225
22. Legal professions and studies	140	25	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	0
42. Psychology	185	65	120
45. Social sciences	390	185	205
Business, management and public administration	1,910	675	1,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	15	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,820	660	1,160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	110	135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	45	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	30	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	220	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	205	100
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,100	1,935	170
04. Architecture and related services	40	35	0
14. Engineering	295	235	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	340	270	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	650	635	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	440	430	0
48. Precision production	335	330	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	70	170
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	45	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	25	25
Health and related fields	1,360	240	1,125
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	50	45
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,250	180	1,070
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	600	270	330
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	410	100	305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	70	60	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,785	7,750	8,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,585	3,535	3,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,200	4,215	4,990
Location of study inside Canada	7,290	3,370	3,925
Same as province or territory of residence	6,275	2,850	3,420
Different than province or territory of residence	1,020	520	500
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,905	845	1,065
Americas	315	145	170
United States of America	170	90	80
Mexico	65	25	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	40	15	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	330	160	170
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	15	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	10	0
Hungary	10	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	25	10	15
Romania	25	10	15
Russian Federation	35	15	15
Ukraine	20	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	50	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20
Africa	135	65	65
Nigeria	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	30
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	15
Asia	1,095	450	650
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	25	15	15
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	80	25	50
Taiwan	20	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	20
Korea, South⁹²	100	30	70
Philippines	320	125	190
Viet Nam	20	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0
India	330	155	170
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	105	60	50
Oceania	40	25	10
Australia	15	10	0
New Zealand	20	15	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	23,615	11,340	12,275
In the labour force	15,455	8,055	7,395
Employed	14,390	7,575	6,815
Unemployed	1,065	485	590
Not in the labour force	8,160	3,285	4,875
Participation rate	65.4	71.0	60.2
Employment rate	60.9	66.8	55.5
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.0	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	23,615	11,340	12,270
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,100	3,330	4,765
Worked	15,520	8,015	7,505
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,850	5,160	3,690
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,670	2,855	3,815
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,450	8,055	7,395
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220
Employee	13,190	6,775	6,410
Permanent position	11,865	6,165	5,705
Temporary position	1,320	610	710
Fixed term (1 year or more)	425	205	220
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	890	405	490
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,965	1,155	805
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,450	8,055	7,395
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	120	85	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,755	795	1,960
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	915	720	190
3 Health occupations	880	130	750
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,505	460	1,045
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	190	235
6 Sales and service occupations	3,875	1,460	2,420
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,545	3,235	310
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	250	120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	760	615	150
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,450	8,055	7,395
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	305	120	180
All industries¹⁹¹	15,145	7,930	7,220
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	250	90	155
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	20	0
22 Utilities	95	50	40
23 Construction	1,985	1,745	245
31-33 Manufacturing	1,340	1,010	330
41 Wholesale trade	970	605	365
44-45 Retail trade	1,915	785	1,130
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	990	710	285
51 Information and cultural industries	275	165	110
52 Finance and insurance	495	175	320
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	260	135	125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	835	415	420
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	750	430	325
61 Educational services	890	255	635
62 Health care and social assistance	1,595	240	1,355
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	295	120	175
72 Accommodation and food services	730	250	475
81 Other services (except public administration)	750	360	390
91 Public administration	680	360	320
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,470	8,515	7,950
English	15,615	8,080	7,535
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	195	70	120
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	195	70	120
English and French	110	45	65
English and non-official language(s)	530	320	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,470	8,515	7,950
Single responses	16,335	8,455	7,880
Official languages	16,070	8,345	7,720
English	16,050	8,340	7,710
French	20	0	10
Non-official languages	260	105	155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	105	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	50	75
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	35
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	25
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	0	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	30
Chinese languages	30	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	65	70
English and French	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,470	8,515	7,950
None	15,915	8,200	7,720
English	80	45	35
French	80	40	40
Non-official language	355	230	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	355	230	125
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,385	7,575	6,810
Worked at home	2,165	900	1,265
Worked outside Canada	40	25	15
No fixed workplace address	2,640	2,020	620
Usual place of work	9,545	4,625	4,920
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,545	4,625	4,920
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,740	690	1,050
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,440	3,760	3,685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	345	165	180
Commute to a different province or territory	20	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,180	6,645	5,535
Car, truck or van	10,670	6,030	4,635
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,960	5,730	4,230
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710	305	410
Public transit	775	305	470
Walked	490	185	300
Bicycle	70	50	10
Other method	180	70	110
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,180	6,645	5,535
Less than 15 minutes	3,320	1,365	1,955
15 to 29 minutes	3,590	1,905	1,685
30 to 44 minutes	2,820	1,750	1,070
45 to 59 minutes	1,355	900	465
60 minutes and over	1,095	735	360
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,180	6,645	5,535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,290	985	305
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,415	1,720	690
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,870	1,395	1,475
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,255	985	1,270
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,425	565	860
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,925	995	930
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,250	2,645	2,605
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	110	120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,025	2,540	2,490
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,510	1,765	1,745
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	80
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	35	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90	50	40
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,350	1,680	1,665

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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