Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Medicine Hat, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	63,271	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	63,260	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	28,732	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,216	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	565.1	...	...	565.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	111.97	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	63,275	30,795	32,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,635	5,520	5,120	16.8	17.9	15.8
0 to 4 years	3,030	1,610	1,420	4.8	5.2	4.4
5 to 9 years	3,685	1,860	1,820	5.8	6.0	5.6
10 to 14 years	3,920	2,045	1,875	6.2	6.6	5.8
15 to 64 years	39,370	19,370	20,000	62.2	62.9	61.6
15 to 19 years	3,580	1,790	1,790	5.7	5.8	5.5
20 to 24 years	3,495	1,765	1,730	5.5	5.7	5.3
25 to 29 years	3,420	1,720	1,695	5.4	5.6	5.2
30 to 34 years	4,000	1,980	2,020	6.3	6.4	6.2
35 to 39 years	4,365	2,100	2,260	6.9	6.8	7.0
40 to 44 years	4,190	2,055	2,140	6.6	6.7	6.6
45 to 49 years	3,660	1,830	1,835	5.8	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	3,670	1,825	1,845	5.8	5.9	5.7
55 to 59 years	4,270	2,040	2,235	6.7	6.6	6.9
60 to 64 years	4,715	2,260	2,450	7.5	7.3	7.5
65 years and over	13,270	5,910	7,360	21.0	19.2	22.7
65 to 69 years	4,190	1,980	2,215	6.6	6.4	6.8
70 to 74 years	3,290	1,530	1,755	5.2	5.0	5.4
75 to 79 years	2,295	1,030	1,270	3.6	3.3	3.9
80 to 84 years	1,625	670	950	2.6	2.2	2.9
85 years and over	1,860	690	1,170	2.9	2.2	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,080	460	620	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	595	185	410	0.9	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	155	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.9	15.8	16.8	17.9	15.8
15 to 64 years	62.2	62.9	61.6	62.2	62.9	61.6
65 years and over	21.0	19.2	22.7	21.0	19.2	22.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.6	2.9	2.2	3.6
Average age of the population	42.7	41.4	43.8	42.7	41.4	43.8
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.6	42.4	41.2	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,250	...	...	63.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,545	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	1,730	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	480	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,095	...	...	18.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	855	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,445	...	...	31.0	...	...
2 persons	10,380	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	3,505	...	...	12.9	...	...
4 persons	3,155	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,740	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	52,640	25,275	27,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,195	15,050	15,150	57.4	59.5	55.4
Married	25,055	12,480	12,575	47.6	49.4	46.0
Living common-law	5,145	2,570	2,575	9.8	10.2	9.4
Living common law - Never married	3,440	1,740	1,695	6.5	6.9	6.2
Living common law - Separated	235	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,315	655	660	2.5	2.6	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	160	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	22,440	10,225	12,210	42.6	40.5	44.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,125	7,195	5,935	24.9	28.5	21.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,435	590	850	2.7	2.3	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,395	1,745	2,650	8.3	6.9	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,485	705	2,780	6.6	2.8	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,275	...	...	57.5	...	...
3 persons	3,235	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	2,965	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,390	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,760	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	12,190	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,335	...	...	29.9	...	...
Without children	6,855	...	...	38.4	...	...
Common-law couples	2,570	...	...	14.4	...	...
With children⁶	975	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	1,605	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,110	...	...	17.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,410	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	700	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,830	30,265	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	49,605	24,475	25,130	80.2	80.9	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,520	14,740	14,780	47.7	48.7	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,105	695	2,410	5.0	2.3	7.6
Children⁶	16,970	9,035	7,940	27.4	29.9	25.2
In a two-parent family	12,040	6,415	5,630	19.5	21.2	17.8
In a one-parent family	4,935	2,625	2,310	8.0	8.7	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,230	5,790	6,440	19.8	19.1	20.4
Living alone	8,445	3,765	4,675	13.7	12.4	14.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,115	520	600	1.8	1.7	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,665	1,505	1,165	4.3	5.0	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,365	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	13,885	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,890	...	...	21.6	...	...
Without children	8,005	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,475	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	400	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	750	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,175	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	8,445	...	...	31.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	51,225	24,765	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,265	23,825	25,440	96.2	96.2	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,600	35,600	41,200	49,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,300	23,845	25,455	96.2	96.3	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	32,800	37,600	44,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,145	21,730	22,415	86.2	87.7	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	26,800	34,400	44,400	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,635	17,665	16,970	67.6	71.3	64.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	29,200	36,000	45,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,075	20,960	23,115	86.0	84.6	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,500	11,500	10,600	9,500	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,560	2,945	2,610	10.9	11.9	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,395	6,405	6,990	26.1	25.9	26.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	51,220	24,760	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,350	23,910	25,440	96.3	96.6	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,250	61,950	43,080	52,250	61,950	43,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,375	23,925	25,455	96.4	96.6	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	51,400	37,960	44,480	51,400	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,195	21,810	22,380	86.3	88.1	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	57,550	36,000	46,640	57,550	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,635	17,630	17,010	67.6	71.2	64.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	56,250	36,640	46,640	56,250	36,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,110	21,020	23,085	86.1	84.9	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,720	10,740	12,610	11,720	10,740	12,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,565	2,890	2,675	10.9	11.7	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740	6,490	7,000	6,740	6,490	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,105	6,170	6,935	25.6	24.9	26.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	8,970	9,360	9,170	8,970	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,785	8,245	6,535	28.9	33.3	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	72,000	52,800	62,800	72,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000	82,200	59,050	72,000	82,200	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,835	6,840	7,995	29.0	27.6	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,400	17,400	19,800	24,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	36,280	24,620	30,000	36,280	24,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.8	73.4	80.0	84.8	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	67.0	56.8	62.6	67.0	56.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	15.2	26.6	20.0	15.2	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	7.0	5.4	4.2	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	5.9	4.7	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,960	940	1,020	3.8	3.8	3.9
With total income	49,265	23,825	25,440	96.2	96.2	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,620	1,440	2,180	7.3	6.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,825	1,700	3,130	9.8	7.1	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,710	3,605	5,110	17.7	15.1	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,760	2,765	3,995	13.7	11.6	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,730	2,510	3,220	11.6	10.5	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,485	2,155	2,335	9.1	9.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	2,010	1,665	7.4	8.4	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,700	1,610	1,090	5.5	6.8	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,000	1,250	745	4.1	5.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,655	1,020	635	3.4	4.3	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,100	3,760	1,340	10.4	15.8	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	3,530	2,455	1,075	7.2	10.3	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,570	1,300	270	3.2	5.5	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,920	915	1,005	3.7	3.7	3.8
With after-tax income	49,300	23,850	25,450	96.2	96.3	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,845	1,520	2,325	7.8	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,050	1,795	3,250	10.2	7.5	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,795	4,070	5,720	19.9	17.1	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	7,775	3,285	4,495	15.8	13.8	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,480	2,995	3,485	13.1	12.6	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,965	2,675	2,290	10.1	11.2	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,465	2,045	1,420	7.0	8.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,385	1,495	895	4.8	6.3	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,740	1,030	710	3.5	4.3	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	765	350	2.3	3.2	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,685	2,170	515	5.4	9.1	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,440	1,150	290	2.9	4.8	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,250	1,020	225	2.5	4.3	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,590	7,100	9,490	32.4	28.7	35.9
With employment income	34,635	17,665	16,970	67.6	71.3	64.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,825	2,295	2,530	13.9	13.0	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	2,695	1,115	1,580	7.8	6.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	4,205	1,725	2,480	12.1	9.8	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,520	1,440	2,080	10.2	8.2	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,445	1,525	1,925	9.9	8.6	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,075	1,375	1,700	8.9	7.8	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,615	1,360	1,255	7.6	7.7	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,280	1,305	980	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,630	1,020	615	4.7	5.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,370	875	490	4.0	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,295	765	530	3.7	4.3	3.1
$100,000 and over	3,680	2,870	810	10.6	16.2	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,765	1,190	570	5.1	6.7	3.4
$125,000 and over	1,915	1,675	240	5.5	9.5	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	51,225	24,765	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,425	23,375	25,050	94.5	94.4	94.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,400	32,800	40,000	50,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,450	23,380	25,070	94.6	94.4	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,400	30,800	36,400	44,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,790	21,575	22,215	85.5	87.1	84.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,800	28,800	36,800	48,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,890	17,745	17,145	68.1	71.7	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	49,600	30,800	38,400	49,600	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,405	20,200	22,205	82.8	81.6	83.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	1,580	7,150	4,800	1,580	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,845	1,995	1,850	7.5	8.1	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,520	5,840	5,600	5,520	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	51,220	24,760	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,330	23,350	24,980	94.4	94.3	94.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	63,100	41,440	51,900	63,100	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,345	23,355	24,990	94.4	94.3	94.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	52,250	36,240	43,960	52,250	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,735	21,625	22,105	85.4	87.3	83.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	61,150	37,600	49,240	61,150	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,775	17,690	17,090	67.9	71.4	64.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,400	60,350	38,040	49,400	60,350	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,300	20,135	22,170	82.6	81.3	83.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,390	7,490	9,210	8,390	7,490	9,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,685	1,890	1,790	7.2	7.6	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,340	6,910	7,790	7,340	6,910	7,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,705	8,215	6,490	28.7	33.2	24.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,000	50,400	60,800	71,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,600	81,300	57,150	70,600	81,300	57,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,960	6,415	7,545	27.3	25.9	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	34,800	22,800	27,200	34,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,000	48,720	28,920	38,000	48,720	28,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.8	80.2	85.8	89.8	80.2
Employment income (%)	68.4	72.4	62.8	68.4	72.4	62.8
Government transfers (%)	14.2	10.2	19.7	14.2	10.2	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,350	...	...	52,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,315	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	935	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,100	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,260	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,130	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,900	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,660	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,595	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,955	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,245	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,325	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,425	...	...	8.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,955	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	250	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	235	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	330	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,355	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,110	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,220	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,450	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,265	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,535	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,390	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,125	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,975	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,680	...	...	28.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,225	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,855	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,600	...	...	9.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,370	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,110	5,270	5,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,200	37,600	40,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,800	32,800	34,400	36,800	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...	72,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,185	5,310	5,875	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,520	55,800	43,840	49,520	55,800	43,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440	46,360	38,880	42,440	46,360	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,780	6,605	6,175	20.7	21.8	19.6
0 to 5 years	3,725	1,980	1,745	6.0	6.5	5.5
18 to 64 years	36,890	18,075	18,815	59.7	59.7	59.6
65 years and over	12,160	5,585	6,575	19.7	18.5	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,585	2,925	3,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,635	825	810	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	270	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,540	1,615	1,920	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,415	480	930	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	9.7	11.6	10.7	9.7	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.5	13.1	12.8	12.5	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.2	13.7	14.6	14.2	13.7	14.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	8.9	10.2	9.6	8.9	10.2
65 years and over (%)	11.6	8.6	14.2	11.6	8.6	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,830	30,265	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,780	6,605	6,175	20.7	21.8	19.6
0 to 5 years	3,725	1,980	1,745	6.0	6.5	5.5
18 to 64 years	36,885	18,070	18,815	59.7	59.7	59.6
65 years and over	12,165	5,585	6,575	19.7	18.5	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,240	1,120	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	280	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	80	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,535	765	770	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	70	105	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,745	15,435	17,305	53.0	51.0	54.8
In bottom decile	5,580	2,655	2,920	9.0	8.8	9.3
In second decile	7,290	3,170	4,120	11.8	10.5	13.1
In third decile	6,845	3,245	3,600	11.1	10.7	11.4
In fourth decile	6,425	3,105	3,315	10.4	10.3	10.5
In fifth decile	6,600	3,255	3,345	10.7	10.8	10.6
In top half of the distribution	29,085	14,825	14,265	47.0	49.0	45.2
In sixth decile	6,505	3,285	3,220	10.5	10.9	10.2
In seventh decile	6,040	3,025	3,015	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	5,970	3,065	2,900	9.7	10.1	9.2
In ninth decile	5,645	2,875	2,770	9.1	9.5	8.8
In top decile	4,930	2,575	2,355	8.0	8.5	7.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,830	...	...	61,830	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.441	...	...	0.441	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	59,540	29,170	30,370	95.9	96.0	95.7
French only	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,295	1,075	1,215	3.7	3.5	3.8
Neither English nor French	260	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,295	29,975	31,320	98.7	98.7	98.7
French	515	265	250	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	245	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,145	29,935	31,215	98.4	98.5	98.4
Official languages	56,235	27,610	28,625	90.5	90.9	90.2
English	55,665	27,315	28,345	89.6	89.9	89.3
French	575	295	280	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-official languages	4,905	2,325	2,580	7.9	7.7	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,885	2,315	2,565	7.9	7.6	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	470	230	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	200	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	355	175	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	715	315	395	1.2	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	620	280	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,800	1,330	1,465	4.5	4.4	4.6
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	180	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	380	180	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,065	485	585	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	800	375	425	1.3	1.2	1.3
German	800	370	425	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	320	290	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	555	295	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	320	375	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	555	260	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	280	130	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	965	440	520	1.6	1.4	1.6
English and French	180	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	705	330	375	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,140	27,995	29,145	92.0	92.1	91.9
French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,105	555	550	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,105	555	550	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	390	170	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	3,225	1,540	1,685	5.2	5.1	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,360	30,035	31,325	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	59,095	28,900	30,200	95.1	95.1	95.2
English	58,995	28,855	30,145	95.0	95.0	95.0
French	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	2,265	1,140	1,130	3.6	3.8	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,260	1,135	1,125	3.6	3.7	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	150	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	125	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	110	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	435	215	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	195	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	955	495	455	1.5	1.6	1.4
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	450	245	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	420	230	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	270	140	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	165	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	345	405	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	680	315	355	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	62,110	30,380	31,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,930	28,865	30,065	94.9	95.0	94.8
English	990	490	500	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	325	155	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,545	720	830	2.5	2.4	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,530	715	820	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,830	30,260	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	61,550	30,140	31,410	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	61,540	30,130	31,410	99.5	99.6	99.5
French	2,220	1,000	1,225	3.6	3.3	3.9
Non-official languages	6,730	3,190	3,545	10.9	10.5	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,660	3,170	3,490	10.8	10.5	11.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	315	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	570	300	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	500	260	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	940	430	510	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	900	395	505	1.5	1.3	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	215	110	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,885	1,860	2,020	6.3	6.1	6.4
Albanian	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	500	215	280	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	500	215	280	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	115	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,415	645	775	2.3	2.1	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,110	535	580	1.8	1.8	1.8
German	1,110	535	580	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	275	110	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	170	60	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	935	495	435	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	905	480	425	1.5	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	485	275	205	0.8	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	445	235	205	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	230	130	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,070	520	555	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	915	460	455	1.5	1.5	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	80	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	490	245	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	430	220	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	295	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,225	1,435	1,790	5.2	4.7	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,125	1,390	1,740	5.1	4.6	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,020	425	585	1.6	1.4	1.9
Métis	2,065	930	1,135	3.3	3.1	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	58,605	28,830	29,780	94.8	95.3	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	825	345	480	1.3	1.1	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,010	29,920	31,085	98.7	98.9	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,285	...	...	70.9	...	...
Renter	7,930	...	...	29.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,825	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not condominium	23,390	...	...	85.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,340	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,825	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,475	...	...	31.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,500	...	...	34.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,960	...	...	21.9	...	...
5 rooms	3,785	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,770	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,835	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,875	...	...	36.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,005	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	26,605	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	610	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,680	...	...	17.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,495	...	...	31.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,070	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,780	...	...	13.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,435	...	...	8.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,650	...	...	9.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,285	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	810	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,910	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,300	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,760	...	...	54.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,635	...	...	42.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	825	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,050	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,520	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,835	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,460	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,200	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,650	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,480	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,015	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,830	...	...	80.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,290	...	...	19.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,895	...	...	18.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,780	...	...	24.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,940	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	470	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	945	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,440	...	...	75.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,370	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	24,355	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,270	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.7	...	...	56.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	12.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,228	...	...	1,228	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	319,600	...	...	319,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.9	...	...	35.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.4	...	...	20.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,102	...	...	1,102	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,305	560	750	2.1	1.9	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,250	545	710	2.0	1.8	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	640	270	370	1.0	0.9	1.2
Métis single ancestry	605	270	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,625	1,305	1,325	4.2	4.3	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,570	1,280	1,285	4.2	4.2	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,390	675	710	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,140	590	555	1.8	1.9	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	57,890	28,395	29,495	93.6	93.8	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,830	30,265	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	59,080	28,890	30,190	95.6	95.5	95.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,370	6,375	6,000	20.0	21.1	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,705	22,515	24,190	75.5	74.4	76.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,755	1,375	1,380	4.5	4.5	4.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,830	30,265	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,115	26,920	28,200	89.1	88.9	89.3
Immigrants⁸¹	6,110	3,055	3,055	9.9	10.1	9.7
Before 1980	1,325	640	690	2.1	2.1	2.2
1980 to 1990	435	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
1991 to 2000	690	360	330	1.1	1.2	1.0
2001 to 2010	1,245	665	575	2.0	2.2	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,420	1,175	1,240	3.9	3.9	3.9
2011 to 2015	1,110	555	555	1.8	1.8	1.8
2016 to 2021	1,310	625	690	2.1	2.1	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	605	290	315	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,110	3,055	3,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	620	320	300	10.1	10.5	9.8
5 to 14 years	1,105	580	520	18.1	19.0	17.0
15 to 24 years	1,295	650	650	21.2	21.3	21.2
25 to 44 years	2,605	1,290	1,315	42.6	42.2	43.0
45 years and over	490	210	275	8.0	6.9	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,110	3,055	3,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	930	430	495	15.2	14.1	16.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	85	45	40	1.4	1.5	1.3
El Salvador	120	70	55	2.0	2.3	1.8
Guyana	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mexico	105	50	60	1.7	1.6	2.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	345	145	200	5.6	4.7	6.5
Other places of birth in Americas	185	90	90	3.0	2.9	2.9
Europe	2,110	1,190	915	34.5	39.0	29.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	145	70	75	2.4	2.3	2.5
Croatia	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.7
France	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.7
Germany	280	145	130	4.6	4.7	4.2
Greece	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Netherlands	145	60	80	2.4	2.0	2.6
Poland	60	35	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
Portugal	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Romania	50	20	30	0.8	0.7	1.0
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ukraine	65	30	40	1.1	1.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,025	675	345	16.8	22.1	11.3
Other places of birth in Europe	175	70	100	2.9	2.3	3.3
Africa	580	290	290	9.5	9.5	9.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Egypt	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	35	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.7
Ethiopia	40	15	25	0.7	0.5	0.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	35	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
Somalia	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	55	35	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	285	140	145	4.7	4.6	4.7
Asia	2,440	1,130	1,315	39.9	37.0	43.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	75	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.3
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	60	85	2.4	2.0	2.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	275	120	155	4.5	3.9	5.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	895	385	505	14.6	12.6	16.5
Viet Nam	75	35	40	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
India	425	245	175	7.0	8.0	5.7
Pakistan	110	55	55	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	300	125	175	4.9	4.1	5.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	10	40	0.8	0.3	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,310	620	690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	55	65	8.8	8.9	9.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	0	20	1.9	0.0	2.9
Mexico	25	15	0	1.9	2.4	0.0
United States of America	45	25	25	3.4	4.0	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.5	1.6	1.4
Europe	110	65	40	8.4	10.5	5.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	60	10	5.7	9.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.2
Africa	175	100	70	13.4	16.1	10.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	0	1.5	1.6	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	10	1.9	2.4	1.4
Somalia	20	10	10	1.5	1.6	1.4
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	1.1	1.6	1.4
Sudan⁹⁷	50	35	10	3.8	5.6	1.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.9	1.6	2.2
Asia	910	405	510	69.5	65.3	73.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	2.3	0.0	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	195	110	90	14.9	17.7	13.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	15	15	2.3	2.4	2.2
Philippines	435	190	240	33.2	30.6	34.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	55	55	8.0	8.9	8.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	5.0	3.2	6.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,130	3,540	3,585	11.5	11.7	11.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,975	4,290	4,685	14.5	14.2	14.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,725	22,435	23,295	74.0	74.1	73.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,785	2,415	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,240	1,175	1,060	46.8	48.7	44.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	915	530	380	19.1	21.9	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,330	650	680	27.8	26.9	28.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,385	660	725	28.9	27.3	30.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,155	580	575	24.1	24.0	24.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,785	2,415	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	30	35	1.4	1.2	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	900	440	460	18.8	18.2	19.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	85	85	3.4	3.5	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	310	190	120	6.5	7.9	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,310	1,660	1,650	69.2	68.7	69.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,830	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,585	2,760	2,820	9.0	9.1	8.9
South Asian	1,190	615	580	1.9	2.0	1.8
Chinese	635	340	290	1.0	1.1	0.9
Black	955	435	515	1.5	1.4	1.6
Filipino	1,105	535	570	1.8	1.8	1.8
Arab	310	145	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	490	245	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
Southeast Asian	430	215	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,250	27,500	28,745	91.0	90.9	91.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,830	30,265	31,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,785	4,435	4,345	14.2	14.7	13.8
English	13,505	6,530	6,980	21.8	21.6	22.1
Irish	9,185	4,295	4,885	14.9	14.2	15.5
Scottish	10,290	4,865	5,425	16.6	16.1	17.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,025	2,395	2,625	8.1	7.9	8.3
German	21,270	10,355	10,920	34.4	34.2	34.6
Chinese	810	405	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italian	1,295	695	600	2.1	2.3	1.9
Indian (India)	750	370	385	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ukrainian	3,985	1,960	2,020	6.4	6.5	6.4
Dutch	2,620	1,215	1,405	4.2	4.0	4.5
Polish	2,015	935	1,080	3.3	3.1	3.4
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,265	1,200	1,075	3.7	4.0	3.4
Filipino	1,095	525	575	1.8	1.7	1.8
French Canadian	465	190	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,065	485	580	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	755	325	430	1.2	1.1	1.4
Métis	1,860	895	965	3.0	3.0	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,065	525	540	1.7	1.7	1.7
Russian	3,995	1,850	2,145	6.5	6.1	6.8
Norwegian	3,505	1,755	1,750	5.7	5.8	5.5
Welsh	1,025	490	535	1.7	1.6	1.7
Portuguese	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
American	1,260	550	705	2.0	1.8	2.2
Spanish	465	205	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	1,610	705	905	2.6	2.3	2.9
Hungarian	835	400	435	1.4	1.3	1.4
Acadian	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	320	155	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	220	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	265	140	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	655	290	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
Korean	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	605	270	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Lebanese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	865	435	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	285	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	655	310	340	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belgian	435	225	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	220	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Swiss	335	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Finnish	300	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	145	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	440	200	240	0.7	0.7	0.8
Muslim	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	45	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	235	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	390	160	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syrian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	505	240	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,835	30,265	31,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	140	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	32,650	15,145	17,500	52.8	50.0	55.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,590	2,700	2,885	9.0	8.9	9.1
Anabaptist	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,615	805	815	2.6	2.7	2.6
Baptist	670	310	360	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catholic	12,795	6,095	6,700	20.7	20.1	21.2
Christian Orthodox	300	130	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	230	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	975	515	460	1.6	1.7	1.5
Lutheran	3,030	1,310	1,725	4.9	4.3	5.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	755	325	430	1.2	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	455	200	250	0.7	0.7	0.8
Reformed	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,285	1,375	1,905	5.3	4.5	6.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,500	1,075	1,425	4.0	3.6	4.5
Hindu	320	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	950	505	445	1.5	1.7	1.4
Sikh	320	155	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	565	225	340	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	26,645	13,865	12,775	43.1	45.8	40.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	61,325	30,045	31,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,595	25,925	26,675	85.8	86.3	85.3
Movers	8,725	4,115	4,605	14.2	13.7	14.7
Non-migrants	6,035	2,810	3,220	9.8	9.4	10.3
Migrants	2,690	1,305	1,385	4.4	4.3	4.4
Internal migrants	2,425	1,160	1,260	4.0	3.9	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,555	785	770	2.5	2.6	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	870	380	495	1.4	1.3	1.6
External migrants	260	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	58,880	28,795	30,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,920	17,170	17,750	59.3	59.6	59.0
Movers	23,960	11,625	12,330	40.7	40.4	41.0
Non-migrants	14,420	6,960	7,460	24.5	24.2	24.8
Migrants	9,535	4,665	4,875	16.2	16.2	16.2
Internal migrants	8,150	3,970	4,180	13.8	13.8	13.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,385	2,660	2,730	9.1	9.2	9.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,765	1,315	1,445	4.7	4.6	4.8
External migrants	1,390	695	695	2.4	2.4	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,225	24,765	26,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,125	5,855	5,260	21.7	23.6	19.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,100	18,905	21,195	78.3	76.3	80.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,990	15,545	16,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,795	2,670	2,130	15.0	17.2	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,195	12,880	14,315	85.0	82.9	87.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,220	24,765	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,430	4,885	4,540	18.4	19.7	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,930	8,470	8,455	33.1	34.2	32.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,865	11,405	13,460	48.5	46.1	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,320	8,245	9,075	33.8	33.3	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,300	4,090	1,210	10.3	16.5	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,500	900	600	2.9	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,800	3,190	610	7.4	12.9	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,845	3,740	7,100	21.2	15.1	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,175	410	765	2.3	1.7	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,550	3,155	4,390	14.7	12.7	16.6
Bachelor's degree	5,555	2,175	3,385	10.8	8.8	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	130	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	150	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Master's degree	1,280	610	670	2.5	2.5	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,995	15,550	16,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,815	2,115	1,700	11.9	13.6	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,755	5,125	4,625	30.5	33.0	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,420	8,300	10,120	57.6	53.4	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,485	5,930	6,555	39.0	38.1	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,645	2,855	790	11.4	18.4	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	995	650	350	3.1	4.2	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,650	2,210	445	8.3	14.2	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,040	2,770	5,270	25.1	17.8	32.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	800	305	495	2.5	2.0	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,940	2,370	3,565	18.6	15.2	21.7
Bachelor's degree	4,425	1,680	2,750	13.8	10.8	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	200	85	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	85	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,010	460	550	3.2	3.0	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	60	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,225	24,765	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,355	13,360	13,000	51.4	53.9	49.1
Education	2,135	585	1,550	4.2	2.4	5.9
13. Education	2,135	585	1,550	4.2	2.4	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	645	295	350	1.3	1.2	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	560	230	325	1.1	0.9	1.2
Humanities	730	335	400	1.4	1.4	1.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	250	135	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
54. History	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,625	480	1,150	3.2	1.9	4.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	550	35	515	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	215	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	295	70	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	350	180	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	4,945	1,340	3,605	9.7	5.4	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	580	85	505	1.1	0.3	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,350	1,260	3,095	8.5	5.1	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	585	300	280	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	95	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	95	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	540	350	190	1.1	1.4	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	430	320	115	0.8	1.3	0.4
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,010	5,610	405	11.7	22.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	470	425	45	0.9	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,720	1,490	225	3.4	6.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,605	1,570	35	3.1	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,410	1,385	25	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	750	705	45	1.5	2.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	395	270	1.3	1.6	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	235	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	160	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	5,060	815	4,245	9.9	3.3	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	115	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,800	655	4,145	9.4	2.6	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,925	900	1,025	3.8	3.6	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	285	845	2.2	1.2	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	275	160	0.8	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	290	15	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,990	15,550	16,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,570	7,245	6,325	42.4	46.6	38.5
Education	1,385	365	1,020	4.3	2.3	6.2
13. Education	1,385	365	1,020	4.3	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	215	295	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	470	190	285	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	505	210	295	1.6	1.4	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	75	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
54. History	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,290	355	940	4.0	2.3	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	80	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420	30	390	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	155	50	105	0.5	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	230	45	180	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	300	150	145	0.9	1.0	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,800	1,040	2,760	11.9	6.7	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	60	410	1.5	0.4	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,320	975	2,345	10.4	6.3	14.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	195	215	1.3	1.3	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	55	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	70	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	95	60	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	310	135	1.4	2.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	295	95	1.2	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,310	3,980	330	13.5	25.6	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	385	340	45	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,310	1,125	190	4.1	7.2	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,085	1,060	30	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	965	945	20	3.0	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	520	485	35	1.6	3.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	510	285	225	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	155	150	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	130	75	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	3,810	635	3,175	11.9	4.1	19.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	95	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,605	520	3,085	11.3	3.3	18.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,445	710	730	4.5	4.6	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	205	590	2.5	1.3	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	215	125	1.1	1.4	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	260	10	0.8	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	31,990	15,550	16,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,570	7,245	6,325	42.4	46.6	38.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	18,420	8,305	10,115	57.6	53.4	61.5
Location of study inside Canada	16,270	7,270	9,000	50.9	46.8	54.7
Same as province or territory of residence	12,925	5,765	7,160	40.4	37.1	43.5
Different than province or territory of residence	3,345	1,505	1,840	10.5	9.7	11.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,145	1,030	1,115	6.7	6.6	6.8
Americas	680	360	320	2.1	2.3	1.9
United States of America	570	300	265	1.8	1.9	1.6
Mexico	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	415	230	190	1.3	1.5	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	270	165	110	0.8	1.1	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	105	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	915	385	535	2.9	2.5	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	435	155	280	1.4	1.0	1.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	225	115	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	51,220	24,765	26,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	31,715	16,280	15,435	...	...	...
Employed	27,925	14,370	13,555	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,790	1,910	1,880	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	19,510	8,485	11,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.9	65.7	58.3	61.9	65.7	58.3
Employment rate	54.5	58.0	51.2	54.5	58.0	51.2
Unemployment rate	12.0	11.7	12.2	12.0	11.7	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	51,220	24,765	26,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,180	8,870	11,310	39.4	35.8	42.7
Worked	31,045	15,895	15,150	60.6	64.2	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15,200	8,515	6,690	29.7	34.4	25.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,845	7,380	8,465	30.9	29.8	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.5	40.0	40.2	40.5	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,715	16,280	15,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	460	2.9	2.7	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,810	15,830	14,975	97.1	97.2	97.0
Employee	26,710	13,370	13,345	84.2	82.1	86.5
Permanent position	22,405	11,330	11,070	70.6	69.6	71.7
Temporary position	4,310	2,040	2,270	13.6	12.5	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,110	455	655	3.5	2.8	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,195	1,585	1,610	10.1	9.7	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,100	2,465	1,630	12.9	15.1	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,715	16,280	15,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	460	2.9	2.7	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,810	15,830	14,975	97.1	97.2	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	100	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,965	925	3,040	12.5	5.7	19.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,380	1,140	240	4.4	7.0	1.6
3 Health occupations	3,180	490	2,690	10.0	3.0	17.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,590	1,245	2,345	11.3	7.6	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	655	280	380	2.1	1.7	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	8,825	3,515	5,305	27.8	21.6	34.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,070	5,635	430	19.1	34.6	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,675	1,390	280	5.3	8.5	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,325	1,115	210	4.2	6.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,715	16,280	15,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	460	2.9	2.7	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	30,810	15,830	14,975	97.1	97.2	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	790	490	300	2.5	3.0	1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,445	1,370	75	4.6	8.4	0.5
22 Utilities	175	165	10	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	2,750	2,420	330	8.7	14.9	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	1,290	1,060	235	4.1	6.5	1.5
41 Wholesale trade	665	505	160	2.1	3.1	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	4,610	1,930	2,685	14.5	11.9	17.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,455	1,145	305	4.6	7.0	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	280	160	115	0.9	1.0	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	655	245	410	2.1	1.5	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	360	230	130	1.1	1.4	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,420	715	705	4.5	4.4	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,065	580	480	3.4	3.6	3.1
61 Educational services	2,150	690	1,460	6.8	4.2	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	5,000	805	4,200	15.8	4.9	27.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	755	310	450	2.4	1.9	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,295	960	1,330	7.2	5.9	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,635	815	815	5.2	5.0	5.3
91 Public administration	1,965	1,215	750	6.2	7.5	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	33,780	17,260	16,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,255	17,000	16,255	98.4	98.5	98.4
French	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	300	145	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	33,780	17,260	16,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	33,745	17,235	16,505	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	33,655	17,190	16,465	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	33,570	17,160	16,410	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	85	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	33,780	17,260	16,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,420	17,085	16,335	98.9	99.0	98.9
English	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
French	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	250	110	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	110	140	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	27,925	14,370	13,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,785	1,185	1,600	10.0	8.2	11.8
Worked outside Canada	65	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,805	3,690	1,110	17.2	25.7	8.2
Usual place of work	20,270	9,440	10,830	72.6	65.7	79.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,275	9,440	10,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,170	7,310	9,860	84.7	77.4	91.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,360	1,560	795	11.6	16.5	7.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	495	405	100	2.4	4.3	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	240	165	75	1.2	1.7	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25,075	13,130	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,315	12,290	11,025	93.0	93.6	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,800	11,645	10,155	86.9	88.7	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,515	645	870	6.0	4.9	7.3
Public transit	375	150	230	1.5	1.1	1.9
Walked	915	415	495	3.6	3.2	4.1
Bicycle	80	80	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other method	390	200	190	1.6	1.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25,075	13,130	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,150	6,650	7,505	56.4	50.6	62.9
15 to 29 minutes	7,880	4,125	3,750	31.4	31.4	31.4
30 to 44 minutes	1,225	855	370	4.9	6.5	3.1
45 to 59 minutes	570	400	170	2.3	3.0	1.4
60 minutes and over	1,250	1,100	150	5.0	8.4	1.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25,075	13,130	11,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,650	1,320	330	6.6	10.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,930	3,275	1,655	19.7	24.9	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,910	3,825	3,085	27.6	29.1	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,885	1,835	3,055	19.5	14.0	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,055	1,100	1,960	12.2	8.4	16.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,640	1,780	1,865	14.5	13.6	15.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,050	6,740	6,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	620	295	325	4.8	4.4	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,435	6,450	5,985	95.3	95.7	94.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,795	5,010	4,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	480	220	250	4.9	4.4	5.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	95	140	2.5	1.9	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	235	125	110	2.4	2.5	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,325	4,790	4,535	95.2	95.6	94.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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