Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove Montréal, Ville (V), Census subdivision	24661343More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove 24661343, Dissemination area
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	1,138
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	622
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	574
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	29,179.5
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	0.04
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	1,135
0 to 14 years	270,430	225
0 to 4 years	88,670	70
5 to 9 years	93,325	75
10 to 14 years	88,435	75
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	855
15 to 19 years	82,475	55
20 to 24 years	125,235	140
25 to 29 years	153,995	125
30 to 34 years	146,855	100
35 to 39 years	135,880	105
40 to 44 years	127,165	100
45 to 49 years	110,130	75
50 to 54 years	105,545	55
55 to 59 years	108,040	60
60 to 64 years	101,725	40
65 years and over	295,475	55
65 to 69 years	85,025	25
70 to 74 years	72,300	15
75 to 79 years	52,720	5
80 to 84 years	39,395	5
85 years and over	46,035	0
85 to 89 years	27,835	0
90 to 94 years	14,360	0
95 to 99 years	3,375	0
100 years and over	465	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	19.8
15 to 64 years	67.9	75.3
65 years and over	16.8	4.8
85 years and over	2.6	0.0
Average age of the population	40.6	32.8
Median age of the population	38.8	31.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	575
Single-detached house	58,065	0
Semi-detached house	25,740	0
Row house	26,175	0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	570
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	0
Other single-attached house	3,350	0
Movable dwelling⁴	415	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	575
1 person	341,345	305
2 persons	242,175	130
3 persons	103,550	60
4 persons	82,715	40
5 or more persons	46,560	40
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	1,135
Average household size	2.1	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	910
Married or living common-law	705,905	355
Married	475,835	260
Living common-law	230,070	90
Living common law - Never married	196,170	80
Living common law - Separated	2,885	10
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	5
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	0
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	560
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	430
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	35
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	80
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	220
2 persons	221,015	95
3 persons	92,715	55
4 persons	77,780	40
5 or more persons	37,105	35
Average size of census families	2.9	3.2
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	2.0
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	220
Total couple families	338,830	160
Married couples	223,910	115
With children⁶	133,435	85
Without children	90,475	30
Common-law couples	114,915	45
With children⁶	41,490	15
Without children	73,430	35
Total one-parent families	89,785	60
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	55
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	10
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	1,135
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	695
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	315
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	65
Children⁶	463,940	315
In a two-parent family	329,670	210
In a one-parent family	134,270	105
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	440
Living alone	341,350	300
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	45
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	95
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	575
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	195
Couple-family households	317,105	150
With children⁶	163,645	85
Without children	153,460	60
One-parent-family households	77,045	50
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	0
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	0
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	10
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	50
One-person households	341,345	305
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	870
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	870
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	20,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	20,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	800
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	105
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	350
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	825
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	33,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	825
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	650
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	28,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	595
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	775
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	75
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	4,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	310
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	875
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	230
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	38,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	41,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	315
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	30.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	12.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	11.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	910
Without total income	57,180	50
With total income	1,396,100	865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	130
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	145
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	180
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	150
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	115
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	55
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	40
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	25
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	10
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	10
$100,000 and over	115,980	15
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	5
$150,000 and over	41,145	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	910
Without after-tax income	56,805	50
With after-tax income	1,396,475	865
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	130
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	150
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	210
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	155
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	105
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	60
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	30
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	15
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	5
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	0
$100,000 and over	53,090	5
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	0
$125,000 and over	27,260	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	910
Without employment income	431,575	250
With employment income	1,021,705	665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	130
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	90
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	110
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	70
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	85
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	75
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	35
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	30
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	15
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	10
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	5
$100,000 and over	91,480	10
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	0
$125,000 and over	51,135	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	830
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	23,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	830
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	705
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	21,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	645
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	21,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	725
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	60
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	820
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	28,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	820
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	25,850
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	690
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	27,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	635
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	27,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	705
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	875
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	235
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	36,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	320
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	16,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	23,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	80.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	72.5
Government transfers (%)	13.8	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	575
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	42,400
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	37,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	305
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	25,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	24,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	270
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	63,600
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	60,400
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	560
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	48,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	43,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	315
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	29,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	26,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	245
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	73,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	65,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	575
Under $5,000	17,005	25
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	20
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	35
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	45
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	55
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	30
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	40
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	30
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	25
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	45
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	45
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	40
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	30
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	25
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	25
$100,000 and over	224,580	50
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	30
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	10
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	5
$200,000 and over	47,995	5
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	575
Under $5,000	18,250	25
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	20
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	35
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	45
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	60
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	35
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	45
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	30
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	40
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	25
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	50
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	45
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	35
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	20
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	20
$100,000 and over	160,295	30
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	25
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	5
$150,000 and over	53,430	5
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	235
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	62,800
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	59,600
Average family size of economic families	2.9	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	60
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	51,200
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	48,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	95
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	78,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	60
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	53,600
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	51,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	395
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	24,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	23,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	210
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	72,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	65,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	45
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	80,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	66,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	100
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	80,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	74,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	55
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	54,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	50,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	29,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	26,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	1,140
0 to 17 years	316,605	245
0 to 5 years	107,500	90
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	835
65 years and over	266,200	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	370
0 to 17 years	49,430	55
0 to 5 years	17,500	15
18 to 64 years	184,970	285
65 years and over	64,675	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	32.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	34.4
65 years and over (%)	24.3	48.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	1,135
0 to 17 years	316,610	245
0 to 5 years	107,500	95
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	835
65 years and over	266,195	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	260
0 to 17 years	26,605	25
0 to 5 years	9,255	10
18 to 64 years	144,765	220
65 years and over	28,295	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	23.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	26.2
65 years and over (%)	10.6	28.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	1,135
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	1,000
In bottom decile	278,660	340
In second decile	226,095	240
In third decile	221,215	185
In fourth decile	197,520	160
In fifth decile	174,245	80
In top half of the distribution	625,475	140
In sixth decile	150,945	55
In seventh decile	134,455	40
In eighth decile	121,350	20
In ninth decile	108,785	20
In top decile	109,935	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	1,135
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	0.311
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	0.512
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	0.277
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	1,140
English only	207,690	215
French only	473,490	300
English and French	1,018,100	595
Neither English nor French	41,975	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	1,140
English	457,725	325
French	1,091,480	630
English and French	151,345	150
Neither English nor French	40,705	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	1,140
Single responses	1,615,770	980
Official languages	1,044,150	500
English	225,920	140
French	818,225	355
Non-official languages	571,625	480
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	0
Algonquian languages	190	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	0
Atikamekw	25	0
Cree languages	95	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	0
Naskapi	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	135	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	15	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	480
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	150
Berber languages	15,445	10
Kabyle	14,315	10
Tamazight	985	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	0
Chadic languages	335	0
Hausa	175	0
Mina	165	0
Coptic	165	0
Cushitic languages	765	0
Bilen	20	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	735	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Semitic languages	102,380	135
Amharic	495	0
Arabic	99,450	135
Aramaic languages	120	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	0
Harari	5	0
Hebrew	1,580	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	705	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	0
Vietnamese	18,595	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	0
Austronesian languages	15,495	35
Bikol	85	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	0
Cebuano	680	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	0
Ilocano	1,650	0
Indonesian	405	0
Kankanaey	15	0
Kinaray-a	25	0
Malagasy languages	410	0
Merina	285	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	0
Malay	45	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	0
Pangasinan	90	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	30
Waray-Waray	40	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	0
Creole languages	36,965	10
Haitian Creole	27,145	10
Jamaican English Creole	10	0
Krio	10	0
Morisyen	910	0
Sango	50	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	0
Dravidian languages	12,090	10
Kannada	225	0
Malayalam	1,315	5
Tamil	9,175	0
Telugu	1,350	0
Tulu	15	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	105	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	289,040	205
Albanian	1,795	5
Armenian	5,565	0
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	45
Baltic languages	315	0
Latvian	115	0
Lithuanian	205	0
Slavic languages	29,350	45
Belarusian	30	0
Bulgarian	3,100	0
Czech	555	0
Macedonian	95	0
Polish	5,875	5
Russian	14,020	35
Rusyn	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	0
Bosnian	340	0
Croatian	865	0
Serbian	1,300	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	0
Slovak	345	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	0
Ukrainian	2,490	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Celtic languages	40	0
Irish	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	15	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Germanic languages	11,285	5
Frisian	5	0
High German languages	9,860	5
German	3,360	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	235	0
Yiddish	6,270	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	0
Afrikaans	65	0
Dutch	740	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0
Plautdietsch	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	0
Scandinavian languages	480	0
Danish	150	0
Icelandic	30	0
Norwegian	65	0
Swedish	230	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Greek	14,410	0
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	45
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	40
Assamese	20	0
Bengali	9,850	5
Gujarati	4,805	0
Hindi	3,655	10
Kacchi	90	0
Kashmiri	25	0
Konkani	55	0
Marathi	345	0
Nepali	330	0
Oriya languages	45	0
Odia	25	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	15
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	45	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	0
Urdu	6,535	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	0
Iranian languages	15,575	5
Baluchi	5	0
Kurdish	435	0
Parsi	25	0
Pashto	975	0
Persian languages	14,065	5
Dari	1,085	0
Iranian Persian	11,665	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	100
Catalan	190	0
Italian	57,590	5
Portuguese	18,080	20
Romanian	12,300	15
Spanish	79,720	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Japanese	1,590	0
Korean	3,810	5
Mongolian	100	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	20
Akan (Twi)	620	0
Bamanankan	665	5
Edo	60	0
Éwé	330	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	0
Ga	45	0
Ganda	25	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	90	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	0
Lingala	1,680	0
Luba-Kasai	140	0
Mòoré	150	0
Mwani	20	0
Ndebele	30	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	0
Shona	80	0
Soninke	205	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0
Swahili	795	0
Wojenaka	485	0
Wolof	1,495	10
Yoruba	625	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	0
Dinka	5	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	0
African, n.o.s.	60	0
Sign languages	275	0
American Sign Language	35	0
Quebec Sign Language	185	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	20
Chinese languages	46,390	20
Hakka	210	0
Mandarin	29,410	10
Min Dong	15	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	0
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	0
Burmese	45	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	65	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	0
Lao	1,280	0
Thai	405	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Turkic languages	5,370	0
Azerbaijani	250	0
Kazakh	25	0
Turkish	4,825	0
Uyghur	140	0
Uzbek	40	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	0
Uralic languages	2,190	0
Estonian	70	0
Finnish	140	0
Hungarian	1,985	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Multiple responses	125,490	155
English and French	35,195	20
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	50
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	15
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	1,140
English	236,770	130
French	743,335	325
Non-official language	182,560	155
Indigenous³⁹	70	0
Non-Indigenous	182,495	155
English and French	146,050	80
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	115
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	130
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	1,140
Single responses	1,586,665	965
Official languages	1,255,565	670
English	347,110	210
French	908,455	455
Non-official languages	331,100	295
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	0
Algonquian languages	80	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	0
Atikamekw	10	0
Cree languages	40	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	30	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	295
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	70
Berber languages	6,795	0
Kabyle	6,320	0
Tamazight	360	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	0
Chadic languages	125	0
Hausa	80	0
Mina	40	0
Coptic	120	0
Cushitic languages	365	0
Bilen	10	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	345	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Semitic languages	53,825	65
Amharic	240	0
Arabic	52,330	65
Aramaic languages	75	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	715	0
Maltese	0	0
Tigrigna	445	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	0
Vietnamese	13,590	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0
Austronesian languages	9,325	35
Bikol	35	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	0
Cebuano	425	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	0
Ilocano	960	0
Indonesian	170	0
Kankanaey	5	0
Kinaray-a	20	0
Malagasy languages	115	0
Merina	65	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	0
Malay	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	0
Pangasinan	25	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	25
Waray-Waray	10	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	0
Creole languages	17,395	0
Haitian Creole	12,640	0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	475	0
Sango	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Dravidian languages	9,345	5
Kannada	115	0
Malayalam	970	0
Tamil	7,425	0
Telugu	820	0
Tulu	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Georgian	45	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	140
Albanian	1,050	5
Armenian	3,895	0
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	35
Baltic languages	85	0
Latvian	35	0
Lithuanian	50	0
Slavic languages	17,055	35
Belarusian	5	0
Bulgarian	2,020	0
Czech	165	0
Macedonian	60	0
Polish	2,505	0
Russian	9,755	25
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	0
Bosnian	170	0
Croatian	365	0
Serbian	645	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	0
Slovak	70	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	0
Ukrainian	1,185	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Celtic languages	5	0
Irish	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	6,300	0
Frisian	5	0
High German languages	6,055	0
German	510	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	20	0
Yiddish	5,525	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	0
Afrikaans	30	0
Dutch	105	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0
Scandinavian languages	85	0
Danish	15	0
Icelandic	15	0
Norwegian	5	0
Swedish	45	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Greek	7,530	0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	35
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	30
Assamese	5	0
Bengali	7,290	0
Gujarati	3,250	0
Hindi	2,460	10
Kacchi	60	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	15	0
Marathi	160	0
Nepali	225	0
Oriya languages	5	0
Odia	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	15
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	0
Urdu	4,795	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	0
Iranian languages	11,115	5
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	220	0
Parsi	15	0
Pashto	750	0
Persian languages	10,090	5
Dari	675	0
Iranian Persian	8,570	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	65
Catalan	75	0
Italian	21,255	0
Portuguese	9,715	15
Romanian	7,290	5
Spanish	50,960	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Japanese	705	0
Korean	2,705	5
Mongolian	55	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	10
Akan (Twi)	340	0
Bamanankan	205	0
Edo	20	0
Éwé	85	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	0
Ga	20	0
Ganda	5	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	20	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	0
Lingala	570	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0
Mòoré	25	0
Mwani	10	0
Ndebele	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	0
Shona	35	0
Soninke	95	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	290	0
Wojenaka	130	0
Wolof	600	0
Yoruba	180	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	0
African, n.o.s.	10	0
Sign languages	515	0
American Sign Language	90	0
Quebec Sign Language	305	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	5
Chinese languages	35,100	5
Hakka	75	0
Mandarin	23,585	0
Min Dong	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	0
Burmese	30	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	35	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Tai-Kadai languages	870	0
Lao	715	0
Thai	150	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	3,575	0
Azerbaijani	100	0
Kazakh	5	0
Turkish	3,325	0
Uyghur	100	0
Uzbek	15	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Uralic languages	695	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	20	0
Hungarian	675	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Multiple responses	154,590	175
English and French	45,705	35
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	35
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	1,135
None	1,279,175	740
English	115,715	90
French	109,450	70
Non-official language	129,625	125
Indigenous³⁹	145	0
Non-Indigenous	129,480	125
English and French	29,960	30
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	45
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	0
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	1,085
Official languages	1,681,610	1,060
English	1,216,575	770
French	1,475,945	780
Non-official languages	862,365	780
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	0
Algonquian languages	365	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	0
Atikamekw	20	0
Cree languages	150	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	0
Innu (Montagnais)	80	0
Naskapi	20	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	0
Mi'kmaq	25	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	310	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	60	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	780
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	290
Berber languages	23,765	0
Kabyle	21,490	0
Tamazight	2,020	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	0
Chadic languages	1,205	0
Hausa	575	0
Mina	625	0
Coptic	745	0
Cushitic languages	1,160	0
Bilen	15	0
Oromo	10	0
Somali	1,115	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	0
Semitic languages	182,025	265
Amharic	780	0
Arabic	173,385	240
Aramaic languages	215	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	7,665	0
Maltese	20	0
Tigrigna	820	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	0
Vietnamese	24,550	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	0
Austronesian languages	24,510	95
Bikol	175	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	0
Cebuano	1,155	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	765	0
Ilocano	2,925	0
Indonesian	805	0
Kankanaey	45	0
Kinaray-a	85	0
Malagasy languages	835	0
Merina	655	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	0
Malay	355	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	0
Pangasinan	120	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	90
Waray-Waray	120	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	0
Creole languages	74,245	50
Haitian Creole	66,445	40
Jamaican English Creole	215	0
Krio	60	0
Morisyen	2,365	0
Sango	185	0
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	0
Dravidian languages	16,725	0
Kannada	540	0
Malayalam	1,760	0
Tamil	12,940	0
Telugu	2,415	0
Tulu	30	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	0
Georgian	150	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	280
Albanian	2,425	0
Armenian	7,185	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	50
Baltic languages	530	0
Latvian	190	0
Lithuanian	340	0
Slavic languages	40,615	50
Belarusian	160	0
Bulgarian	3,765	0
Czech	990	0
Macedonian	215	0
Polish	7,925	10
Russian	23,995	30
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	10
Bosnian	675	0
Croatian	1,515	0
Serbian	1,725	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	0
Slovak	590	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	0
Ukrainian	4,905	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	0
Celtic languages	275	0
Irish	120	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	0
Welsh	35	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	0
Germanic languages	28,325	50
Frisian	40	0
High German languages	25,545	50
German	17,050	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	300	0
Yiddish	8,490	40
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	0
Afrikaans	205	0
Dutch	1,645	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	0
Scandinavian languages	1,440	0
Danish	425	0
Icelandic	45	0
Norwegian	285	0
Swedish	820	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Greek	20,685	15
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	50
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	45
Assamese	35	0
Bengali	12,945	0
Gujarati	6,930	0
Hindi	24,370	20
Kacchi	195	0
Kashmiri	40	0
Konkani	155	0
Marathi	780	0
Nepali	485	0
Oriya languages	45	0
Odia	30	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	25
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	100	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	0
Urdu	11,425	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	0
Iranian languages	18,895	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	780	0
Parsi	80	0
Pashto	1,225	0
Persian languages	17,095	0
Dari	1,280	0
Iranian Persian	14,160	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	0
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	130
Catalan	715	0
Italian	95,535	10
Portuguese	28,840	20
Romanian	15,245	25
Spanish	177,230	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	0
Japanese	4,585	0
Korean	5,035	0
Mongolian	180	0
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	40
Akan (Twi)	1,340	0
Bamanankan	1,540	0
Edo	245	0
Éwé	865	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	0
Ga	220	0
Ganda	75	0
Gikuyu	45	0
Igbo	485	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	0
Lingala	7,315	0
Luba-Kasai	520	0
Mòoré	620	0
Mwani	20	0
Ndebele	115	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	0
Shona	245	0
Soninke	465	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	0
Swahili	3,405	0
Wojenaka	1,005	0
Wolof	4,030	10
Yoruba	2,040	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	0
Dinka	10	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	0
African, n.o.s.	425	0
Sign languages	1,985	0
American Sign Language	495	0
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	20
Chinese languages	56,370	15
Hakka	335	0
Mandarin	41,405	0
Min Dong	35	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	0
Burmese	65	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	95	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	0
Lao	1,985	0
Thai	1,085	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Turkic languages	9,265	0
Azerbaijani	520	0
Kazakh	60	0
Turkish	8,445	0
Uyghur	205	0
Uzbek	140	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	0
Uralic languages	3,265	0
Estonian	85	0
Finnish	245	0
Hungarian	2,945	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	1,085
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	0
Métis	5,705	10
Inuk (Inuit)	545	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	1,075
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	1,085
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	1,085
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	565
Owner	297,340	75
Renter	519,020	490
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	565
Condominium	178,700	75
Not condominium	637,660	490
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	565
No bedrooms	19,020	55
1 bedroom	254,075	305
2 bedrooms	284,300	100
3 bedrooms	194,410	90
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	10
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	565
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	470
5 rooms	155,105	75
6 rooms	69,335	15
7 rooms	48,130	0
8 or more rooms	70,315	10
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	3.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	565
One person or fewer per room	789,745	530
More than one person per room	26,615	35
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	565
Suitable	745,905	475
Not suitable	70,450	90
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	565
1960 or before	293,880	180
1961 to 1980	248,030	185
1981 to 1990	89,700	75
1991 to 2000	57,865	50
2001 to 2005	28,770	20
2006 to 2010	30,795	0
2011 to 2015	33,075	35
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	565
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	490
Major repairs needed	70,075	70
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	565
One-maintainer household	494,140	420
Two-maintainer household	291,245	135
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	10
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	565
15 to 24 years	39,665	50
25 to 34 years	154,835	150
35 to 44 years	156,945	125
45 to 54 years	137,925	95
55 to 64 years	137,110	100
65 to 74 years	105,800	35
75 to 84 years	59,160	10
85 years and over	24,920	0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	540
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	385
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	155
30% to less than 100%	171,990	110
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	565
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	275
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	120
Not suitable only	52,965	55
Major repairs needed only	46,120	60
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	30
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	10
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	0
Acceptable housing	514,825	285
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	490
In core need	82,165	90
Not in core need	702,815	405
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	70
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	92.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	21.4
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	920
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	1,360
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	440,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	495
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	9.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	30.1
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	20.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	655
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	724
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	1,085
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	0
Métis single ancestry	880	0
Inuit single ancestry	350	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	1,070
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	1,085
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	770
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	585
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	315
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	1,085
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	385
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	560
Before 1980	87,415	25
1980 to 1990	59,835	25
1991 to 2000	95,220	95
2001 to 2010	139,575	200
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	215
2011 to 2015	90,040	90
2016 to 2021	104,040	130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	145
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	555
Under 5 years	45,920	45
5 to 14 years	90,130	90
15 to 24 years	104,655	70
25 to 44 years	290,245	310
45 years and over	45,170	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	555
Americas	127,690	90
Brazil	3,760	0
Colombia	8,195	0
El Salvador	6,400	0
Guyana	1,350	0
Haiti	47,555	30
Jamaica	2,670	0
Mexico	8,225	0
Peru	6,715	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	0
United States of America	10,180	10
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	10
Europe	137,155	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	0
Croatia	760	0
France	39,280	0
Germany	2,480	0
Greece	7,730	0
Hungary	1,365	0
Italy	30,215	0
Netherlands	500	0
Poland	4,685	10
Portugal	7,715	0
Romania	9,655	15
Russian Federation	5,520	0
Serbia⁸⁶	675	0
Ukraine	4,385	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	0
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	15
Africa	140,555	235
Algeria	43,840	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	0
Egypt	9,400	0
Eritrea	495	0
Ethiopia	660	0
Morocco	33,005	35
Nigeria	1,200	0
Somalia	400	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	135
Asia	169,860	165
Afghanistan	1,100	0
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	0
Iraq	1,610	0
Lebanon	17,455	0
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	0
Turkey	4,010	0
China⁹⁰	26,330	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	0
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	0
Taiwan	1,265	0
Philippines	20,475	85
Viet Nam	16,395	15
Bangladesh	7,035	0
India	13,570	20
Pakistan	5,730	0
Sri Lanka	6,965	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	125
Americas	15,850	20
Brazil	1,105	0
Colombia	1,260	0
Haiti	5,495	0
Jamaica	135	0
Mexico	1,320	0
United States of America	2,255	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	0
Europe	17,760	0
France	11,735	0
Germany	235	0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	0
Italy	420	0
Russian Federation	625	0
Ukraine	750	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	0
Africa	34,835	75
Algeria	10,085	20
Burundi	715	0
Cameroon	3,555	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	0
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	0
Egypt	1,470	0
Eritrea	275	0
Ethiopia	90	0
Morocco	5,375	0
Nigeria	550	0
Somalia	40	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	0
Sudan⁹⁷	70	0
Tunisia	3,360	10
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	30
Asia	35,290	25
Afghanistan	180	0
Bangladesh	960	0
China⁹⁰	4,960	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	0
India	5,690	15
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	0
Iraq	245	0
Israel	145	0
Japan	185	0
Jordan	355	0
Korea, South⁹²	750	0
Lebanon	1,710	0
Nepal	180	0
Pakistan	1,030	0
Philippines	5,730	0
Saudi Arabia	860	0
Sri Lanka	500	0
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	0
Turkey	520	0
United Arab Emirates	580	0
Viet Nam	910	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	10
Oceania and other⁹³	305	0
Australia	195	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	1,085
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	720
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	240
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	120
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	535
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	365
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	190
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	170
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	110
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	35
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	535
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	60
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	410
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	1,085
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	760
South Asian	79,670	50
Chinese	56,935	20
Black	198,610	250
Filipino	27,355	90
Arab	141,935	195
Latin American	78,150	75
Southeast Asian	37,905	30
West Asian	17,500	0
Korean	5,245	0
Japanese	2,645	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	0
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	325
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	1,080
Canadian	216,645	30
English	43,185	30
Irish	80,635	15
Scottish	44,880	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	55
German	31,730	25
Chinese	61,715	20
Italian	135,430	10
Indian (India)	36,920	45
Ukrainian	14,865	20
Dutch	6,520	0
Polish	23,515	15
Québécois	103,145	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	0
Filipino	26,105	90
French Canadian	59,380	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	0
Métis	3,645	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	0
Russian	20,180	25
Norwegian	2,370	0
Welsh	3,345	0
Portuguese	23,120	0
American	11,970	0
Spanish	31,535	20
Swedish	2,500	0
Hungarian	9,065	0
Acadian	11,725	0
Pakistani	9,080	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	35
Jewish	26,680	40
Punjabi	5,655	0
Vietnamese	26,955	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	70
Greek	26,980	15
Jamaican	5,905	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	0
Korean	5,445	0
Romanian	16,255	20
Lebanese	30,115	15
Iranian	12,890	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	0
Danish	1,820	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	0
Sikh	3,335	0
Austrian	3,485	0
Belgian	10,940	0
Haitian	80,485	40
Hindu	5,610	0
Mexican	15,365	0
Mennonite	385	0
Swiss	5,470	0
Finnish	1,000	0
Sri Lankan	7,720	0
Croatian	2,230	0
Japanese	3,565	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	0
Muslim	8,530	0
Egyptian	13,040	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	0
Tamil	4,835	0
Icelandic	345	0
Colombian	11,580	10
Moroccan	37,360	60
Czech	2,395	0
Syrian	13,935	0
Guyanese	1,650	0
Afghan	1,885	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	0
Serbian	1,755	0
Ojibway	250	0
Newfoundlander	390	0
Hong Konger	1,000	0
Ontarian	795	0
Persian	4,285	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	0
Turkish	8,160	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	0
Bangladeshi	8,790	0
Algerian	40,570	45
Brazilian	6,440	25
Nigerian	1,780	0
Armenian	10,715	0
Slovak	1,375	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	0
Somali	1,155	0
Taiwanese	1,860	0
Iraqi	1,770	0
Salvadorean	9,125	15
African Caribbean	5,045	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	0
Algonquin	1,725	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	0
Lithuanian	2,110	0
South African	465	0
Australian	830	0
Palestinian	3,525	0
Chilean	6,025	0
Congolese	9,965	0
Nova Scotian	505	0
Ethiopian	965	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	0
Peruvian	8,415	0
Yoruba	1,710	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	0
Berber	19,835	10
Albanian	2,560	0
Maltese	360	0
Macedonian	325	0
Slovenian	825	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	0
New Brunswicker	850	0
Gujarati	880	0
Eritrean	615	0
African Canadian	1,290	0
Israeli	2,760	0
Mohawk	1,345	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	0
Bulgarian	4,040	0
Albertan	100	0
Ghanaian	1,735	0
Barbadian	2,410	0
African American	1,600	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	0
Tunisian	11,510	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	0
Cuban	3,770	0
Bosnian	510	0
Venezuelan	3,895	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	0
Latvian	625	0
Bengali	3,570	0
Cameroonian	6,740	20
Guatemalan	4,875	0
Indonesian	1,000	0
Laotian	2,510	0
Ilocano	1,085	0
Northern Irish	310	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	0
British Columbian	90	0
Ecuadorian	1,190	0
Franco Ontarian	675	0
Argentinian	2,545	0
Estonian	365	0
Kurdish	1,470	0
Fijian	15	0
Jatt	390	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	0
Coptic	2,240	0
Thai	1,150	0
Dominican	5,245	0
Nepali	430	0
Kabyle	10,940	10
Assyrian	345	0
Igbo	565	0
Byelorussian	1,090	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	0
Abenaki	1,685	0
Moldovan	3,295	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	0
New Zealander	265	0
Sudanese	300	0
Breton	3,775	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	0
Malaysian	375	0
Plains Cree	35	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	0
Saskatchewanian	70	0
Buddhist	690	0
Gaspesian	1,565	0
Norman	1,850	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	0
Ivorian	3,370	0
Saulteaux	35	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	0
Burundian	2,120	0
Tigrinya	370	0
Nicaraguan	1,255	0
Mauritian	1,955	0
Kenyan	210	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	2,215	0
Jordanian	770	0
Manitoban	110	0
Cape Bretoner	50	0
Rwandan	2,125	0
Grenadian	910	0
Malayali	335	0
Chaldean	110	0
Sinhalese	310	0
Mayan	1,695	0
Honduran	2,260	0
Cherokee	195	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0
Indo-Caribbean	280	0
Flemish	520	0
United Empire Loyalist	90	0
Senegalese	3,165	10
Azerbaijani	510	0
Sicilian	970	0
Pashtun	475	0
Malay	300	0
Goan	115	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	0
Tibetan	135	0
Zimbabwean	180	0
Burmese	225	0
Mongolian	480	0
Azorean	730	0
Atikamekw	325	0
Bamileke	2,160	0
Indo-Guyanese	125	0
Ugandan	100	0
Oromo	50	0
Tanzanian	175	0
Yemeni	515	0
Central African	1,415	0
Libyan	590	0
Basque	980	0
Uruguayan	785	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	0
Igorot	290	0
Fulani	2,380	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	2,670	0
St. Lucian	255	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	200	0
Beninese	2,000	0
Telugu	180	0
Roma	235	0
Costa Rican	720	0
African Nova Scotian	215	0
Malagasy	1,625	0
Kashmiri	75	0
Singaporean	75	0
Karen	10	0
Edo	290	0
Tajik	100	0
Amhara	95	0
Paraguayan	90	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	1,085
Buddhist	26,395	0
Christian	853,205	435
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	60
Anabaptist	195	0
Anglican	9,480	0
Baptist	11,620	45
Catholic	602,630	265
Christian Orthodox	55,730	35
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	0
Latter Day Saints	1,140	0
Lutheran	1,510	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	10
Presbyterian	2,615	0
Reformed	310	0
United Church	3,950	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	0
Hindu	30,430	35
Jewish	35,930	60
Muslim	218,395	330
Sikh	15,630	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	15
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	195
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	1,070
Non-movers	1,471,775	845
Movers	234,450	225
Non-migrants	174,665	165
Migrants	59,790	65
Internal migrants	31,510	35
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	20
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	15
External migrants	28,280	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	1,020
Non-movers	890,430	470
Movers	744,270	555
Non-migrants	416,555	260
Migrants	327,720	295
Internal migrants	145,860	105
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	80
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	30
External migrants	181,860	190
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	875
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	775
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	675
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	80
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	595
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	880
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	85
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	615
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	245
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	90
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	60
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	375
Bachelor's degree	294,530	220
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	0
Master's degree	138,940	95
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	680
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	80
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	85
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	335
Bachelor's degree	239,785	190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	0
Master's degree	121,575	90
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	880
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	260
Education	47,580	15
13. Education	47,580	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	20
Humanities	69,055	45
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	10
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	10
54. History	5,890	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	15
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	0
42. Psychology	18,040	10
45. Social sciences	49,145	20
Business, management and public administration	212,570	140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	0
40. Physical sciences	14,030	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	60
25. Library science	3,205	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	100
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	0
14. Engineering	67,700	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	0
46. Construction trades	19,805	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	10
48. Precision production	11,150	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	0
Health and related fields	106,500	80
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	70
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	0
43. Security and protective services	6,385	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	0
Other¹⁷⁹	165	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	165
Education	33,780	15
13. Education	33,780	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	0
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	10
Humanities	46,970	40
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	10
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	0
54. History	4,355	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	10
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	0
42. Psychology	13,520	10
45. Social sciences	37,670	20
Business, management and public administration	173,115	100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	95
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	0
40. Physical sciences	10,390	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	40
25. Library science	2,310	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	85
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	0
14. Engineering	57,935	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	0
46. Construction trades	15,040	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	10
48. Precision production	7,890	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	0
Health and related fields	82,510	65
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	60
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	0
43. Security and protective services	5,050	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	0
Other¹⁷⁹	135	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	510
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	280
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	265
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	235
Americas	36,730	30
United States of America	10,760	10
Mexico	4,800	0
Cuba	1,340	0
Haiti	5,065	0
Jamaica	110	0
Brazil	3,765	0
Colombia	3,560	0
Peru	1,375	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	0
Europe	68,060	30
Belgium	1,775	0
France	41,640	20
Germany	1,035	0
Netherlands	465	0
Switzerland	965	0
Hungary	195	0
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	0
Poland	815	0
Romania	3,250	0
Russian Federation	2,410	0
Ukraine	2,045	0
Ireland⁹⁶	285	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	0
Italy	1,325	0
Serbia⁸⁶	115	0
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	0
Africa	48,445	105
Nigeria	1,230	0
Algeria	19,210	25
Morocco	9,515	20
Tunisia	4,555	20
Egypt	3,025	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	25
Asia	53,780	60
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	0
Iraq	330	0
Israel	520	0
Lebanon	4,185	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	0
Turkey	695	0
China⁹⁰	9,950	0
Taiwan	365	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	0
Japan	800	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	0
Philippines	8,890	20
Viet Nam	1,125	0
Bangladesh	2,020	0
Sri Lanka	645	0
India	9,500	10
Pakistan	1,165	0
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	0
Oceania	1,305	0
Australia	1,095	0
New Zealand	165	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	880
In the labour force	959,135	625
Employed	859,920	520
Unemployed	99,210	105
Not in the labour force	494,165	255
Participation rate	66.0	71.0
Employment rate	59.2	59.1
Unemployment rate	10.3	16.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	880
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	260
Worked	944,630	615
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	245
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	365
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	37.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	620
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	45
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	575
Employee	811,850	505
Permanent position	661,995	380
Temporary position	149,850	125
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	45
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	75
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	70
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	620
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	45
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	575
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	60
3 Health occupations	75,605	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	75
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	20
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	130
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	80
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	60
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	620
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	45
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	575
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	0
22 Utilities	5,150	0
23 Construction	33,445	20
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	65
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	50
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	55
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	0
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	60
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	35
61 Educational services	84,380	35
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	0
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	25
91 Public administration	38,595	25
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	660
English	161,015	185
French	399,340	235
Non-official language	7,340	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0
Non-Indigenous	7,330	0
English and French	405,305	205
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	25
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	10
Multiple non-official languages	420	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	660
Single responses	908,980	580
Official languages	895,835	575
English	286,010	225
French	609,825	345
Non-official languages	13,145	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	0
Berber languages	20	0
Kabyle	20	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	1,190	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	70	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	0
Vietnamese	1,045	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	10	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	210	0
Haitian Creole	210	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	10	0
Tamil	75	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	0
Albanian	10	0
Armenian	80	0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	550	0
Bulgarian	15	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	90	0
Russian	385	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	35	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	825	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	790	0
German	95	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	695	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	10	0
Swedish	15	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	175	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	0
Bengali	85	0
Gujarati	20	0
Hindi	120	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	100	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	285	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	25	0
Persian languages	255	0
Dari	20	0
Iranian Persian	225	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	310	0
Portuguese	245	0
Romanian	80	0
Spanish	2,290	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	125	0
Korean	240	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	10	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	85	0
American Sign Language	15	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	0
Chinese languages	3,325	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	15	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	85	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	80	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	15	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	75
English and French	99,075	55
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	25
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	660
None	667,690	490
English	201,200	110
French	115,950	40
Non-official language	14,925	0
Indigenous³⁹	65	0
Non-Indigenous	14,860	0
English and French	1,155	0
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	0
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	520
Worked at home	260,415	130
Worked outside Canada	2,775	0
No fixed workplace address	81,290	65
Usual place of work	515,440	325
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	325
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	35
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	385
Car, truck or van	338,295	170
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	150
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	20
Public transit	169,380	150
Walked	57,390	40
Bicycle	20,425	15
Other method	11,255	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	385
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	35
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	145
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	100
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	45
60 minutes and over	53,935	60
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	385
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	80
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	95
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	70
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	85
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	250
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	65
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	185
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	170
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	45
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	125

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 24, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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