Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Catharines - Niagara FallsMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	242,460	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	229,776^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	106,697	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	101,120	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,724.5	...	...	1,724.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	140.59	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	242,465	117,135	125,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	35,100	18,060	17,040	14.5	15.4	13.6
0 to 4 years	10,890	5,625	5,260	4.5	4.8	4.2
5 to 9 years	11,815	6,110	5,705	4.9	5.2	4.6
10 to 14 years	12,400	6,325	6,075	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	153,350	75,095	78,250	63.2	64.1	62.4
15 to 19 years	12,870	6,660	6,205	5.3	5.7	5.0
20 to 24 years	15,195	7,815	7,385	6.3	6.7	5.9
25 to 29 years	16,410	8,265	8,145	6.8	7.1	6.5
30 to 34 years	15,575	7,720	7,850	6.4	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	14,495	7,010	7,480	6.0	6.0	6.0
40 to 44 years	13,675	6,575	7,100	5.6	5.6	5.7
45 to 49 years	14,430	6,920	7,510	6.0	5.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	15,330	7,420	7,915	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	17,905	8,555	9,345	7.4	7.3	7.5
60 to 64 years	17,470	8,150	9,320	7.2	7.0	7.4
65 years and over	54,020	23,975	30,045	22.3	20.5	24.0
65 to 69 years	15,725	7,305	8,420	6.5	6.2	6.7
70 to 74 years	13,965	6,460	7,510	5.8	5.5	6.0
75 to 79 years	9,790	4,480	5,310	4.0	3.8	4.2
80 to 84 years	6,855	2,995	3,860	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	7,685	2,745	4,945	3.2	2.3	3.9
85 to 89 years	4,525	1,770	2,755	1.9	1.5	2.2
90 to 94 years	2,390	775	1,615	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	695	175	520	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.4	13.6	14.5	15.4	13.6
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.1	62.4	63.2	64.1	62.4
65 years and over	22.3	20.5	24.0	22.3	20.5	24.0
85 years and over	3.2	2.3	3.9	3.2	2.3	3.9
Average age of the population	43.8	42.4	45.1	43.8	42.4	45.1
Median age of the population	44.4	42.4	46.0	44.4	42.4	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	101,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	59,865	...	...	59.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,365	...	...	6.3	...	...
Row house	8,150	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,000	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,110	...	...	14.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,260	...	...	8.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	240	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	125	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	101,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,910	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	35,010	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 persons	15,125	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	12,645	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	7,425	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	238,180	115,325	122,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	207,365	99,075	108,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	109,700	54,705	55,000	52.9	55.2	50.8
Married	89,660	44,700	44,960	43.2	45.1	41.5
Living common-law	20,040	10,005	10,035	9.7	10.1	9.3
Living common law - Never married	13,550	6,775	6,770	6.5	6.8	6.3
Living common law - Separated	1,335	690	650	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	4,500	2,270	2,230	2.2	2.3	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	655	275	380	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	97,665	44,370	53,300	47.1	44.8	49.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	60,320	32,330	27,995	29.1	32.6	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	7,630	3,180	4,450	3.7	3.2	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15,210	5,800	9,405	7.3	5.9	8.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	14,505	3,060	11,445	7.0	3.1	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	67,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	36,585	...	...	54.3	...	...
3 persons	14,445	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	11,630	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,765	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	67,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	53,425	...	...	79.2	...	...
Married couples	43,430	...	...	64.4	...	...
With children⁶	21,685	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	21,745	...	...	32.3	...	...
Common-law couples	9,990	...	...	14.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,780	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	6,210	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	14,000	...	...	20.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	11,155	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,845	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	238,180	115,325	122,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	188,585	92,560	96,025	79.2	80.3	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	106,845	53,330	53,510	44.9	46.2	43.6
Parents in one-parent families	14,005	2,850	11,155	5.9	2.5	9.1
Children⁶	67,735	36,375	31,360	28.4	31.5	25.5
In a two-parent family	46,165	24,690	21,480	19.4	21.4	17.5
In a one-parent family	21,575	11,695	9,880	9.1	10.1	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	49,600	22,765	26,830	20.8	19.7	21.8
Living alone	30,910	13,275	17,635	13.0	11.5	14.4
Living with other relatives⁷	6,290	2,625	3,670	2.6	2.3	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	12,395	6,860	5,530	5.2	5.9	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	101,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	58,270	...	...	57.6	...	...
Couple-family households	47,525	...	...	47.0	...	...
With children⁶	22,650	...	...	22.4	...	...
Without children	24,870	...	...	24.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	10,745	...	...	10.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,035	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	660	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,305	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,940	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	30,910	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	203,135	97,295	105,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	196,010	93,600	102,405	96.5	96.2	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	34,000	36,800	40,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	196,110	93,650	102,455	96.5	96.3	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	31,400	33,600	36,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170,800	83,335	87,470	84.1	85.7	82.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	33,600	22,000	27,400	33,600	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135,535	69,425	66,105	66.7	71.4	62.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	32,000	23,800	27,400	32,000	23,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	182,450	86,255	96,195	89.8	88.7	90.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	10,800	13,400	12,400	10,800	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,810	12,220	13,585	12.7	12.6	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,720	5,800	5,760	5,720	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,215	31,585	34,625	32.6	32.5	32.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,500	10,000	10,000	9,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,100	93,585	102,510	96.5	96.1	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	52,000	41,120	46,320	52,000	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	196,195	93,630	102,560	96.5	96.2	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,880	43,920	36,160	39,880	43,920	36,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170,980	83,250	87,725	84.1	85.5	82.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,560	32,960	39,600	46,560	32,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135,745	69,330	66,415	66.8	71.2	62.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	43,800	33,880	38,960	43,800	33,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	182,410	86,165	96,245	89.7	88.5	90.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	11,490	13,740	12,680	11,490	13,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,695	12,160	13,525	12.6	12.5	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,935	6,510	6,235	5,935	6,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,360	31,450	34,905	32.6	32.3	33.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,870	9,720	10,000	9,870	9,720	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,065	29,835	24,225	26.6	30.6	22.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,000	51,600	56,800	62,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	72,200	58,750	66,200	72,200	58,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60,130	27,725	32,400	29.6	28.5	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,200	16,200	14,300	15,200	16,200	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,040	21,140	23,400	26,040	21,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.6	79.6	68.6	74.6	79.6	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.2	62.4	53.4	58.2	62.4	53.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.4	20.4	31.4	25.4	20.4	31.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1	6.8	9.5	8.1	6.8	9.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.2	6.3	8.3	7.2	6.3	8.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	203,135	97,300	105,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	7,130	3,695	3,430	3.5	3.8	3.2
With total income	196,010	93,600	102,410	96.5	96.2	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,350	6,235	8,120	7.3	6.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	25,750	10,655	15,100	13.1	11.4	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	35,875	15,140	20,735	18.3	16.2	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	31,675	14,035	17,635	16.2	15.0	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	24,405	11,330	13,075	12.5	12.1	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	17,840	8,675	9,165	9.1	9.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	12,725	6,930	5,795	6.5	7.4	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	8,990	5,215	3,775	4.6	5.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,225	3,770	2,455	3.2	4.0	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	2,980	2,080	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	13,100	8,635	4,470	6.7	9.2	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	9,400	5,925	3,480	4.8	6.3	3.4
$150,000 and over	3,705	2,715	990	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	203,135	97,300	105,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,025	3,640	3,385	3.5	3.7	3.2
With after-tax income	196,105	93,655	102,455	96.5	96.3	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,095	6,450	8,640	7.7	6.9	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	26,965	11,195	15,770	13.8	12.0	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	41,230	17,590	23,640	21.0	18.8	23.1
$30,000 to $39,999	35,740	16,285	19,450	18.2	17.4	19.0
$40,000 to $49,999	26,425	12,630	13,795	13.5	13.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	17,400	9,240	8,165	8.9	9.9	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	11,380	6,570	4,815	5.8	7.0	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	7,370	4,405	2,970	3.8	4.7	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,475	3,055	2,420	2.8	3.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880	1,865	1,015	1.5	2.0	1.0
$100,000 and over	6,145	4,365	1,780	3.1	4.7	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,320	2,270	1,050	1.7	2.4	1.0
$125,000 and over	2,825	2,095	735	1.4	2.2	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	203,135	97,300	105,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	67,605	27,870	39,735	33.3	28.6	37.5
With employment income	135,530	69,425	66,105	66.7	71.4	62.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	24,010	12,490	11,520	17.7	18.0	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	13,760	5,965	7,795	10.2	8.6	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	19,660	8,795	10,870	14.5	12.7	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,525	6,285	7,240	10.0	9.1	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,675	6,060	6,620	9.4	8.7	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,700	5,520	6,185	8.6	8.0	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,675	5,115	4,560	7.1	7.4	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,475	4,385	3,090	5.5	6.3	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,440	3,350	2,085	4.0	4.8	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,205	2,680	1,520	3.1	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,140	2,285	1,850	3.1	3.3	2.8
$100,000 and over	9,275	6,495	2,780	6.8	9.4	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,810	3,180	1,630	3.5	4.6	2.5
$125,000 and over	4,470	3,315	1,155	3.3	4.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	203,135	97,295	105,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	193,055	92,090	100,970	95.0	94.7	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,800	34,800	40,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	193,120	92,095	101,030	95.1	94.7	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	28,800	32,000	36,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	170,045	82,875	87,170	83.7	85.2	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,600	31,400	37,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	137,300	70,140	67,155	67.6	72.1	63.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,600	31,800	36,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	172,615	81,170	91,450	85.0	83.4	86.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	1,960	7,600	5,080	1,960	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,990	6,710	8,285	7.4	6.9	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,920	5,040	4,960	4,920	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	193,050	92,030	101,020	95.0	94.5	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	50,200	38,480	44,080	50,200	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	193,105	92,035	101,075	95.0	94.5	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,480	41,600	33,760	37,480	41,600	33,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	170,280	82,865	87,410	83.8	85.1	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,440	48,600	34,640	41,440	48,600	34,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	137,380	69,975	67,400	67.6	71.9	63.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,240	35,520	41,000	46,240	35,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	172,375	80,885	91,490	84.8	83.1	86.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,430	7,340	9,400	8,430	7,340	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,835	6,770	8,065	7.3	7.0	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,915	6,830	6,410	5,915	6,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	53,660	29,615	24,045	26.4	30.4	22.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	59,600	47,600	53,200	59,600	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,350	70,000	55,150	63,350	70,000	55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	57,470	26,430	31,045	28.3	27.1	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,000	22,000	23,600	26,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	34,440	27,600	30,720	34,440	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	87.2	77.8	83.0	87.2	77.8
Employment income (%)	66.2	70.0	61.6	66.2	70.0	61.6
Government transfers (%)	17.1	12.8	22.1	17.1	12.8	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	101,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	70,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	101,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,700	...	...	89,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,120	...	...	47,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,320	...	...	40,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	70,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	101,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	980	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	530	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,270	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,345	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,405	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,225	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,060	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,455	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,575	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,535	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,585	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,065	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,575	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,570	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,980	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,975	...	...	32.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,625	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,705	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,930	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,715	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	101,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,075	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,325	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,445	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,710	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,855	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,835	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,055	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,160	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,070	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,730	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,215	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,310	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,350	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,135	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,305	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,905	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,255	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,145	...	...	8.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	66,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	25,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	43,305	20,145	23,165	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,600	33,600	34,400	35,600	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	32,800	31,400	32,000	32,800	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	66,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	43,290	20,075	23,220	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,920	44,960	41,160	42,920	44,960	41,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,120	38,240	36,200	37,120	38,240	36,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	238,185	115,325	122,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	42,585	21,900	20,685	17.9	19.0	16.8
0 to 5 years	13,175	6,815	6,360	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	144,635	70,450	74,180	60.7	61.1	60.4
65 years and over	50,970	22,975	27,995	21.4	19.9	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	28,820	12,985	15,835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	6,440	3,280	3,165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,175	1,105	1,070	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	16,070	7,475	8,595	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,305	2,235	4,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.3	12.9	12.1	11.3	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.0	15.3	15.1	15.0	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.5	16.2	16.8	16.5	16.2	16.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.6	11.6	11.1	10.6	11.6
65 years and over (%)	12.4	9.7	14.6	12.4	9.7	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	238,180	115,325	122,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	42,580	21,900	20,680	17.9	19.0	16.8
0 to 5 years	13,180	6,815	6,365	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	144,630	70,450	74,185	60.7	61.1	60.4
65 years and over	50,965	22,970	27,995	21.4	19.9	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,920	6,095	5,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,785	945	840	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	560	290	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,250	4,800	4,455	...	...	...
65 years and over	890	355	535	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.3	4.7	5.0	5.3	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.8	6.0	6.4	6.8	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	238,185	115,325	122,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	138,310	65,180	73,130	58.1	56.5	59.5
In bottom decile	26,570	12,490	14,075	11.2	10.8	11.5
In second decile	29,300	13,110	16,195	12.3	11.4	13.2
In third decile	29,255	13,795	15,465	12.3	12.0	12.6
In fourth decile	27,175	13,150	14,025	11.4	11.4	11.4
In fifth decile	26,010	12,630	13,380	10.9	11.0	10.9
In top half of the distribution	99,875	50,150	49,730	41.9	43.5	40.5
In sixth decile	24,150	11,875	12,270	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	22,840	11,395	11,440	9.6	9.9	9.3
In eighth decile	20,075	10,175	9,905	8.4	8.8	8.1
In ninth decile	18,355	9,300	9,055	7.7	8.1	7.4
In top decile	14,455	7,395	7,060	6.1	6.4	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	238,180	...	...	238,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	239,530	115,905	123,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	221,405	108,205	113,195	92.4	93.4	91.6
French only	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15,285	6,575	8,710	6.4	5.7	7.0
Neither English nor French	2,690	1,055	1,640	1.1	0.9	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	239,530	115,905	123,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	232,270	112,790	119,480	97.0	97.3	96.6
French	3,885	1,750	2,135	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	770	360	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	2,600	1,005	1,595	1.1	0.9	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	239,530	115,905	123,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	231,985	112,390	119,595	96.9	97.0	96.7
Official languages	188,935	92,165	96,770	78.9	79.5	78.3
English	184,910	90,370	94,540	77.2	78.0	76.5
French	4,025	1,795	2,225	1.7	1.5	1.8
Non-official languages	43,055	20,220	22,830	18.0	17.4	18.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,025	20,210	22,820	18.0	17.4	18.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,005	1,550	1,455	1.3	1.3	1.2
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	250	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	245	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,750	1,435	1,315	1.1	1.2	1.1
Amharic	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,535	1,330	1,205	1.1	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,050	445	605	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	910	385	520	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,735	1,115	1,620	1.1	1.0	1.3
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,280	925	1,355	1.0	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,175	605	570	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	900	465	430	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	195	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,525	13,005	14,520	11.5	11.2	11.7
Albanian	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	205	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	6,645	2,975	3,670	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baltic languages	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	6,540	2,935	3,610	2.7	2.5	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	270	120	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	2,265	960	1,305	0.9	0.8	1.1
Russian	900	385	515	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,715	850	870	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	400	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	1,110	550	560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	120	45	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	835	360	470	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,495	1,505	1,985	1.5	1.3	1.6
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,110	890	1,215	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	2,090	880	1,205	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,245	555	685	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,050	475	575	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	415	210	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,515	2,865	2,650	2.3	2.5	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	4,810	2,510	2,300	2.0	2.2	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	255	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	825	470	360	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	710	405	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,515	750	770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,200	595	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	700	355	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	410	200	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	115	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	240	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,045	5,255	5,795	4.6	4.5	4.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,490	2,575	2,920	2.3	2.2	2.4
Portuguese	780	370	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	335	150	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,415	2,145	2,275	1.8	1.9	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	245	80	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,075	500	580	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	480	225	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,990	1,840	2,150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Chinese languages	3,955	1,820	2,135	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,840	1,305	1,540	1.2	1.1	1.2
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	945	435	505	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	285	120	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	440	240	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	375	210	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	835	385	450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	730	330	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,545	3,520	4,025	3.1	3.0	3.3
English and French	1,175	555	630	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	5,570	2,615	2,960	2.3	2.3	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	525	225	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	239,530	115,905	123,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	194,835	94,985	99,845	81.3	82.0	80.8
French	780	350	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	10,635	4,835	5,800	4.4	4.2	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,635	4,835	5,795	4.4	4.2	4.7
English and French	2,570	1,125	1,450	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	28,895	13,780	15,110	12.1	11.9	12.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	990	430	555	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	765	365	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	239,530	115,905	123,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	232,555	112,600	119,955	97.1	97.1	97.0
Official languages	211,170	102,565	108,600	88.2	88.5	87.8
English	210,015	102,045	107,975	87.7	88.0	87.3
French	1,150	520	630	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	21,390	10,035	11,350	8.9	8.7	9.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,380	10,035	11,350	8.9	8.7	9.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,805	880	925	0.8	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,605	790	815	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,515	750	765	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	295	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	265	340	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,490	675	810	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,265	570	695	0.5	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	805	415	385	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	650	335	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	115	60	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,715	5,430	6,285	4.9	4.7	5.1
Albanian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,825	1,275	1,550	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,815	1,270	1,545	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	965	415	545	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	535	240	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	815	400	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	605	290	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	150	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	240	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,560	1,775	1,785	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,135	1,580	1,560	1.3	1.4	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	525	285	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	435	245	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,140	550	590	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	775	375	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	425	195	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,655	2,080	2,575	1.9	1.8	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,440	555	885	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	380	175	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,705	1,300	1,405	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	860	415	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,905	1,375	1,530	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese languages	2,885	1,365	1,525	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,170	1,030	1,135	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	615	285	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	125	55	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	255	110	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,975	3,305	3,665	2.9	2.9	3.0
English and French	425	185	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,350	3,030	3,320	2.7	2.6	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	239,530	115,905	123,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	212,105	102,955	109,150	88.6	88.8	88.3
English	9,160	4,415	4,750	3.8	3.8	3.8
French	2,075	900	1,175	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	13,015	6,105	6,905	5.4	5.3	5.6
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,980	6,090	6,890	5.4	5.3	5.6
English and French	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	560	570	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	525	230	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,390	680	705	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	238,575	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	235,885	114,450	121,430	98.9	99.1	98.7
English	235,700	114,360	121,335	98.8	99.0	98.6
French	15,440	6,605	8,830	6.5	5.7	7.2
Non-official languages	57,630	26,975	30,655	24.2	23.4	24.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,575	26,955	30,625	24.1	23.3	24.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,710	2,380	2,330	2.0	2.1	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	470	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	455	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,275	2,180	2,105	1.8	1.9	1.7
Amharic	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,910	1,990	1,910	1.6	1.7	1.6
Aramaic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	170	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,390	615	775	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	85	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,130	525	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,075	1,665	2,410	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	255	95	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	315	115	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,840	1,580	2,260	1.6	1.4	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,425	775	645	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	1,005	535	470	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	420	245	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	37,380	17,565	19,815	15.7	15.2	16.1
Albanian	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	215	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	8,140	3,750	4,395	3.4	3.2	3.6
Baltic languages	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	8,075	3,720	4,355	3.4	3.2	3.5
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	270	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	290	115	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	105	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	2,840	1,160	1,675	1.2	1.0	1.4
Russian	1,630	785	845	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	2,120	1,095	1,020	0.9	0.9	0.8
Bosnian	365	220	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatian	620	325	295	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	1,380	705	670	0.6	0.6	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	280	120	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	50	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	1,295	580	715	0.5	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,875	2,155	2,725	2.0	1.9	2.2
Frisian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,070	1,410	1,660	1.3	1.2	1.3
German	3,055	1,400	1,655	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,645	690	955	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	220	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,360	585	775	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	75	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	85	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	700	350	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	8,025	4,100	3,925	3.4	3.6	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	7,345	3,745	3,600	3.1	3.2	2.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	365	215	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	1,355	745	610	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindi	3,590	1,885	1,710	1.5	1.6	1.4
Kacchi	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,460	1,175	1,285	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,350	1,175	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	805	425	375	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	270	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	490	275	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	105	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	350	185	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,065	7,425	8,640	6.7	6.4	7.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	8,105	3,750	4,355	3.4	3.2	3.5
Portuguese	1,140	560	580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	385	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	7,095	3,260	3,835	3.0	2.8	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	465	200	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	1,265	665	605	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,195	580	615	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	155	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	295	165	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	265	110	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	330	115	215	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	290	90	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,630	2,150	2,475	1.9	1.9	2.0
Chinese languages	4,575	2,125	2,445	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,745	1,720	2,025	1.6	1.5	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,160	575	595	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	490	215	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	370	170	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	215	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	740	450	295	0.3	0.4	0.2
Azerbaijani	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	635	385	250	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,030	450	580	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	905	410	500	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	238,575	115,485	123,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,165	2,835	3,330	2.6	2.5	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,885	2,700	3,185	2.5	2.3	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,585	1,640	1,945	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	2,255	1,025	1,230	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	195	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	232,410	112,650	119,755	97.4	97.5	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	238,575	115,485	123,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,645	770	880	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	236,930	114,715	122,210	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	67,295	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	33,920	...	...	33.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,405	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not condominium	91,810	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	410	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	12,015	...	...	11.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,670	...	...	23.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	41,685	...	...	41.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	23,440	...	...	23.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,065	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	15,410	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	16,670	...	...	16.5	...	...
7 rooms	14,825	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	30,245	...	...	29.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	99,880	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	1,335	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	96,815	...	...	95.7	...	...
Not suitable	4,400	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	32,030	...	...	31.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	34,550	...	...	34.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,360	...	...	11.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,105	...	...	8.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,090	...	...	3.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,745	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,820	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	95,535	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,680	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	53,065	...	...	52.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	43,370	...	...	42.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,780	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,625	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,440	...	...	12.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,945	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	16,925	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	20,905	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	18,290	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,625	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	4,470	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	100,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	77,080	...	...	76.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	23,690	...	...	23.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	21,735	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	101,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	31,010	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	21,280	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not suitable only	3,320	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,705	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	735	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,625	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	70,210	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	98,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	11,490	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	87,330	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	67,285	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,314	...	...	1,314	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	582,500	...	...	582,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.3	...	...	40.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,186	...	...	1,186	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	238,570	115,485	123,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,990	915	1,075	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,930	890	1,035	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,535	710	830	0.6	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	375	170	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,335	2,955	3,380	2.7	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,205	2,900	3,305	2.6	2.5	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,580	2,145	2,430	1.9	1.9	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,605	735	870	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	230,245	111,610	118,635	96.5	96.6	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	238,570	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	221,005	107,025	113,980	92.6	92.7	92.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,770	20,985	19,785	17.1	18.2	16.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	180,235	86,040	94,195	75.5	74.5	76.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,565	8,460	9,105	7.4	7.3	7.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	238,570	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	181,935	88,575	93,360	76.3	76.7	75.8
Immigrants⁸¹	50,000	23,495	26,505	21.0	20.3	21.5
Before 1980	17,255	8,100	9,155	7.2	7.0	7.4
1980 to 1990	5,215	2,470	2,745	2.2	2.1	2.2
1991 to 2000	7,425	3,480	3,945	3.1	3.0	3.2
2001 to 2010	9,195	4,205	4,990	3.9	3.6	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,905	5,235	5,675	4.6	4.5	4.6
2011 to 2015	4,530	2,150	2,375	1.9	1.9	1.9
2016 to 2021	6,375	3,080	3,300	2.7	2.7	2.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,635	3,415	3,220	2.8	3.0	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	50,000	23,495	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,290	2,675	2,615	10.6	11.4	9.9
5 to 14 years	9,735	4,860	4,875	19.5	20.7	18.4
15 to 24 years	10,765	4,880	5,890	21.5	20.8	22.2
25 to 44 years	20,285	9,295	10,995	40.6	39.6	41.5
45 years and over	3,925	1,780	2,140	7.9	7.6	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	50,000	23,495	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,930	4,160	4,770	17.9	17.7	18.0
Brazil	210	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	1,010	480	525	2.0	2.0	2.0
El Salvador	455	200	255	0.9	0.9	1.0
Guyana	270	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haiti	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaica	1,055	520	535	2.1	2.2	2.0
Mexico	410	165	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
Peru	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	585	330	250	1.2	1.4	0.9
United States of America	2,620	1,105	1,510	5.2	4.7	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	2,010	995	1,010	4.0	4.2	3.8
Europe	21,020	9,910	11,110	42.0	42.2	41.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	385	205	175	0.8	0.9	0.7
Croatia	605	330	280	1.2	1.4	1.1
France	130	50	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	1,280	550	725	2.6	2.3	2.7
Greece	310	175	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hungary	465	200	260	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italy	4,375	2,070	2,305	8.8	8.8	8.7
Netherlands	1,200	560	640	2.4	2.4	2.4
Poland	1,865	770	1,095	3.7	3.3	4.1
Portugal	285	140	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romania	420	215	200	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	390	160	225	0.8	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	470	255	215	0.9	1.1	0.8
Ukraine	605	255	350	1.2	1.1	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,055	2,925	3,130	12.1	12.4	11.8
Other places of birth in Europe	2,185	1,050	1,135	4.4	4.5	4.3
Africa	3,195	1,555	1,645	6.4	6.6	6.2
Algeria	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	380	180	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	430	215	215	0.9	0.9	0.8
Somalia	300	145	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	335	145	195	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	1,455	715	740	2.9	3.0	2.8
Asia	16,685	7,800	8,890	33.4	33.2	33.5
Afghanistan	70	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	280	155	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iraq	425	220	205	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lebanon	250	145	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	435	205	225	0.9	0.9	0.8
Turkey	320	185	135	0.6	0.8	0.5
China⁹⁰	2,520	1,090	1,425	5.0	4.6	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	210	115	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	820	395	420	1.6	1.7	1.6
Taiwan	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	3,575	1,430	2,140	7.2	6.1	8.1
Viet Nam	745	345	400	1.5	1.5	1.5
Bangladesh	165	100	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
India	3,065	1,585	1,480	6.1	6.7	5.6
Pakistan	1,330	670	660	2.7	2.9	2.5
Sri Lanka	185	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	2,230	995	1,235	4.5	4.2	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,380	3,080	3,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,190	615	570	18.7	20.0	17.3
Brazil	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Colombia	165	80	90	2.6	2.6	2.7
Haiti	40	15	30	0.6	0.5	0.9
Jamaica	175	115	65	2.7	3.7	2.0
Mexico	90	45	50	1.4	1.5	1.5
United States of America	295	160	140	4.6	5.2	4.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	55	45	1.5	1.8	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	280	140	145	4.4	4.5	4.4
Europe	515	270	245	8.1	8.8	7.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Italy	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	60	15	45	0.9	0.5	1.4
Ukraine	65	30	35	1.0	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	60	35	1.4	1.9	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	275	150	120	4.3	4.9	3.6
Africa	760	360	400	11.9	11.7	12.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	20	30	0.7	0.6	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	255	130	125	4.0	4.2	3.8
Somalia	95	40	55	1.5	1.3	1.7
South Africa, Republic of	40	0	35	0.6	0.0	1.1
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	90	2.8	3.1	2.7
Asia	3,890	1,820	2,065	61.0	59.1	62.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	40	25	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
China⁹⁰	705	270	440	11.1	8.8	13.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,010	550	460	15.8	17.9	13.9
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
Iraq	110	55	60	1.7	1.8	1.8
Israel	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jordan	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	255	125	125	4.0	4.1	3.8
Lebanon	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Nepal	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Pakistan	230	105	125	3.6	3.4	3.8
Philippines	605	255	355	9.5	8.3	10.8
Saudi Arabia	80	45	40	1.3	1.5	1.2
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	270	130	145	4.2	4.2	4.4
Turkey	70	40	35	1.1	1.3	1.1
United Arab Emirates	65	40	30	1.0	1.3	0.9
Viet Nam	65	25	35	1.0	0.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	200	80	125	3.1	2.6	3.8
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	238,575	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	58,895	27,940	30,955	24.7	24.2	25.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	53,035	25,810	27,220	22.2	22.3	22.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	126,640	61,735	64,910	53.1	53.5	52.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	32,745	15,395	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	14,110	6,990	7,115	43.1	45.4	41.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,180	3,490	2,695	18.9	22.7	15.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,925	3,500	4,420	24.2	22.7	25.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,450	4,305	6,145	31.9	28.0	35.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,405	3,735	3,670	22.6	24.3	21.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	785	360	425	2.4	2.3	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	32,745	15,395	17,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	3,955	1,965	1,990	12.1	12.8	11.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,330	1,490	1,830	10.2	9.7	10.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	840	435	405	2.6	2.8	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,940	895	1,050	5.9	5.8	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	315	95	220	1.0	0.6	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,370	10,510	11,855	68.3	68.3	68.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	238,575	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	44,795	22,075	22,715	18.8	19.1	18.5
South Asian	9,835	5,190	4,645	4.1	4.5	3.8
Chinese	5,000	2,320	2,680	2.1	2.0	2.2
Black	9,110	4,705	4,405	3.8	4.1	3.6
Filipino	5,110	2,250	2,865	2.1	1.9	2.3
Arab	2,870	1,490	1,385	1.2	1.3	1.1
Latin American	4,740	2,220	2,515	2.0	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	2,410	1,140	1,270	1.0	1.0	1.0
West Asian	675	395	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	1,315	685	630	0.6	0.6	0.5
Japanese	535	225	310	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,015	440	570	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,170	1,015	1,155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	193,775	93,410	100,370	81.2	80.9	81.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	238,570	115,485	123,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,400	16,430	16,970	14.0	14.2	13.8
English	52,035	24,795	27,240	21.8	21.5	22.1
Irish	37,030	17,110	19,920	15.5	14.8	16.2
Scottish	40,615	19,510	21,105	17.0	16.9	17.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,170	9,445	10,720	8.5	8.2	8.7
German	25,550	12,045	13,505	10.7	10.4	11.0
Chinese	5,180	2,400	2,785	2.2	2.1	2.3
Italian	30,040	14,770	15,265	12.6	12.8	12.4
Indian (India)	5,965	3,145	2,820	2.5	2.7	2.3
Ukrainian	10,855	5,315	5,545	4.6	4.6	4.5
Dutch	12,435	5,960	6,480	5.2	5.2	5.3
Polish	11,245	5,075	6,170	4.7	4.4	5.0
Québécois	415	165	255	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,760	4,655	5,105	4.1	4.0	4.1
Filipino	5,060	2,245	2,810	2.1	1.9	2.3
French Canadian	3,585	1,765	1,820	1.5	1.5	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,935	2,020	1,915	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,730	1,240	1,485	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	2,150	980	1,170	0.9	0.8	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,820	1,350	1,470	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	3,645	1,720	1,925	1.5	1.5	1.6
Norwegian	1,135	535	600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	4,160	1,805	2,350	1.7	1.6	1.9
Portuguese	1,605	840	770	0.7	0.7	0.6
American	3,380	1,550	1,830	1.4	1.3	1.5
Spanish	2,400	1,040	1,355	1.0	0.9	1.1
Swedish	1,160	450	710	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hungarian	4,735	2,270	2,465	2.0	2.0	2.0
Acadian	665	295	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	1,760	875	885	0.7	0.8	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,980	995	985	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	905	535	375	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	665	295	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	1,405	700	705	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,455	720	730	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greek	1,985	1,005	980	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	2,490	1,175	1,320	1.0	1.0	1.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,165	585	575	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,325	685	640	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romanian	1,400	675	725	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	610	350	265	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	300	150	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	995	480	520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,110	545	565	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,225	555	670	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	290	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,265	595	670	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	705	365	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	275	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	565	300	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	715	330	385	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,480	740	740	0.6	0.6	0.6
Swiss	720	370	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	880	365	505	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,400	675	725	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	720	305	415	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	440	225	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	620	325	295	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	545	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	770	390	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	540	290	250	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	895	405	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	205	80	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	1,385	705	675	0.6	0.6	0.5
Moroccan	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	740	315	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	360	145	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	485	220	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	305	195	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	490	245	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	1,975	1,000	970	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ojibway	410	215	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	450	220	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,165	580	585	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	835	460	380	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkish	680	395	290	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	175	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	515	265	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	450	215	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	690	360	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	1,080	530	555	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	475	245	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	500	230	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	110	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	290	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	650	330	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	290	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	200	65	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	390	230	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	300	190	110	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	200	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	415	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	430	220	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	365	160	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	350	155	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chilean	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	105	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	580	290	290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Peruvian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	275	160	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	350	140	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	280	130	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	530	275	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	315	135	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	645	290	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	275	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	215	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	70	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	395	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	360	165	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	435	225	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	145	95	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	360	200	160	0.2	0.2	0.1
African American	510	260	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	430	165	260	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	275	155	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	320	140	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	440	240	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	265	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	340	155	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	260	115	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	350	180	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	285	150	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	150	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	235	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	240	85	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	145	50	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	675	320	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	295	100	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Malaysian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	145	100	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	85	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	70	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	170	50	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	185	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	40	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	115	65	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	115	60	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	238,575	115,485	123,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,740	780	960	0.7	0.7	0.8
Christian	140,095	64,815	75,280	58.7	56.1	61.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,830	9,515	10,315	8.3	8.2	8.4
Anabaptist	1,850	910	940	0.8	0.8	0.8
Anglican	12,950	5,750	7,200	5.4	5.0	5.8
Baptist	2,570	1,190	1,385	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catholic	69,795	32,785	37,005	29.3	28.4	30.1
Christian Orthodox	4,050	1,975	2,075	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	970	405	560	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	400	165	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	2,660	1,160	1,500	1.1	1.0	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	775	355	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,515	1,130	1,385	1.1	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	4,310	1,960	2,350	1.8	1.7	1.9
Reformed	1,235	605	635	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	9,075	3,740	5,335	3.8	3.2	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	7,125	3,165	3,960	3.0	2.7	3.2
Hindu	2,890	1,605	1,280	1.2	1.4	1.0
Jewish	770	335	435	0.3	0.3	0.4
Muslim	8,855	4,500	4,350	3.7	3.9	3.5
Sikh	1,615	725	885	0.7	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,495	620	880	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	81,035	42,065	38,970	34.0	36.4	31.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	236,490	114,465	122,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	207,505	100,330	107,170	87.7	87.7	87.8
Movers	28,990	14,130	14,860	12.3	12.3	12.2
Non-migrants	15,075	7,280	7,795	6.4	6.4	6.4
Migrants	13,915	6,845	7,065	5.9	6.0	5.8
Internal migrants	12,440	6,065	6,370	5.3	5.3	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	11,775	5,755	6,015	5.0	5.0	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	660	310	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,480	785	695	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	227,575	109,845	117,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	139,520	66,970	72,550	61.3	61.0	61.6
Movers	88,050	42,875	45,175	38.7	39.0	38.4
Non-migrants	36,110	17,380	18,730	15.9	15.8	15.9
Migrants	51,935	25,495	26,445	22.8	23.2	22.5
Internal migrants	42,115	20,630	21,495	18.5	18.8	18.3
Intraprovincial migrants	39,145	19,140	20,005	17.2	17.4	17.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,975	1,490	1,490	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	9,820	4,870	4,950	4.3	4.4	4.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35,665	18,020	17,645	17.5	18.5	16.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	167,635	79,360	88,280	82.5	81.5	83.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,445	60,020	64,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,520	6,920	5,600	10.1	11.5	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	111,920	53,100	58,820	89.9	88.5	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	203,305	97,375	105,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	32,075	15,855	16,220	15.8	16.3	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65,500	31,975	33,525	32.2	32.8	31.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105,735	49,545	56,185	52.0	50.9	53.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	62,835	30,495	32,340	30.9	31.3	30.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,985	9,060	3,925	6.4	9.3	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,385	3,835	2,545	3.1	3.9	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,600	5,225	1,380	3.2	5.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	46,070	19,815	26,250	22.7	20.3	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,780	1,625	2,160	1.9	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,900	19,050	23,845	21.1	19.6	22.5
Bachelor's degree	29,260	12,555	16,705	14.4	12.9	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,875	1,285	1,590	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,025	580	440	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	8,440	3,865	4,575	4.2	4.0	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,290	760	535	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,440	60,020	64,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,905	5,970	4,935	8.8	9.9	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,000	19,355	17,645	29.7	32.2	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,535	34,695	41,845	61.5	57.8	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,165	20,950	23,215	35.5	34.9	36.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,005	5,410	2,595	6.4	9.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,065	2,390	1,675	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,935	3,020	920	3.2	5.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,730	14,480	19,255	27.1	24.1	29.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,430	1,060	1,370	2.0	1.8	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,375	13,745	18,630	26.0	22.9	28.9
Bachelor's degree	22,025	9,245	12,785	17.7	15.4	19.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,210	930	1,280	1.8	1.5	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	390	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	6,490	2,695	3,790	5.2	4.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	900	490	410	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	203,300	97,375	105,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	97,565	47,825	49,745	48.0	49.1	47.0
Education	7,000	1,745	5,260	3.4	1.8	5.0
13. Education	7,000	1,745	5,260	3.4	1.8	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,000	1,840	2,160	2.0	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	230	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	3,680	1,610	2,070	1.8	1.7	2.0
Humanities	6,025	2,445	3,580	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	665	155	510	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	1,395	410	990	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,655	565	1,090	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	445	255	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	580	405	175	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	800	525	280	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	40	225	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,725	4,045	8,675	6.3	4.2	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	30	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,425	625	800	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,770	250	2,520	1.4	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	470	945	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	335	120	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	2,270	475	1,800	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	4,355	2,075	2,280	2.1	2.1	2.2
Business, management and public administration	20,925	8,420	12,505	10.3	8.6	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,010	405	1,605	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,870	7,990	10,880	9.3	8.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,645	1,815	1,830	1.8	1.9	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,475	555	915	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	945	425	520	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,005	730	280	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,505	2,320	1,185	1.7	2.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,670	1,915	750	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	180	10	170	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	555	320	230	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,035	17,800	1,240	9.4	18.3	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	560	425	135	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	3,270	2,740	530	1.6	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,010	4,665	345	2.5	4.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,600	3,525	80	1.8	3.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,750	3,690	60	1.8	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,850	2,755	95	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,065	1,120	950	1.0	1.2	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,505	825	680	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	560	290	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	18,440	3,745	14,695	9.1	3.8	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,810	970	835	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	16,300	2,605	13,695	8.0	2.7	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	265	150	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,325	4,245	4,075	4.1	4.4	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,805	1,580	3,225	2.4	1.6	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,500	1,755	745	1.2	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	985	875	105	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	124,445	60,020	64,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,905	25,325	22,580	38.5	42.2	35.0
Education	4,575	1,065	3,510	3.7	1.8	5.4
13. Education	4,575	1,065	3,510	3.7	1.8	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,995	1,335	1,655	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,805	1,215	1,590	2.3	2.0	2.5
Humanities	4,130	1,640	2,485	3.3	2.7	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	460	80	385	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	950	285	665	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,245	435	810	1.0	0.7	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	310	170	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	355	260	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	495	325	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	25	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,745	2,980	6,760	7.8	5.0	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,165	495	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,215	200	2,015	1.8	0.3	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,150	335	810	0.9	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,575	335	1,240	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,295	1,490	1,805	2.6	2.5	2.8
Business, management and public administration	15,665	6,000	9,670	12.6	10.0	15.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,585	270	1,315	1.3	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,050	5,710	8,340	11.3	9.5	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,505	1,100	1,410	2.0	1.8	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	345	705	0.8	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	665	265	405	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	650	445	210	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,830	1,920	910	2.3	3.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,250	1,625	620	1.8	2.7	1.0
25. Library science	105	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	385	235	150	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,565	11,575	990	10.1	19.3	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	385	280	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,420	1,950	475	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,425	3,170	260	2.8	5.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,250	2,205	45	1.8	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,430	2,395	35	2.0	4.0	0.1
48. Precision production	1,650	1,580	70	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,600	855	750	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,165	620	545	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	435	230	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	13,685	2,965	10,725	11.0	4.9	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,445	775	665	1.2	1.3	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,995	2,080	9,915	9.6	3.5	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,240	3,270	2,970	5.0	5.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,470	1,200	2,270	2.8	2.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,030	1,410	620	1.6	2.3	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	635	80	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	124,445	60,020	64,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,905	25,325	22,580	38.5	42.2	35.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	76,540	34,695	41,845	61.5	57.8	65.0
Location of study inside Canada	62,010	28,280	33,730	49.8	47.1	52.4
Same as province or territory of residence	59,310	26,940	32,370	47.7	44.9	50.2
Different than province or territory of residence	2,695	1,335	1,360	2.2	2.2	2.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,530	6,420	8,115	11.7	10.7	12.6
Americas	4,800	2,155	2,645	3.9	3.6	4.1
United States of America	3,190	1,440	1,750	2.6	2.4	2.7
Mexico	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	230	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	490	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	400	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	2,410	1,195	1,210	1.9	2.0	1.9
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	55	50	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	205	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	715	370	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	775	345	430	0.6	0.6	0.7
Nigeria	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	300	120	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asia	6,355	2,655	3,700	5.1	4.4	5.7
Iran⁸⁸	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	185	95	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	820	350	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	345	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,585	550	1,035	1.3	0.9	1.6
Viet Nam	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,970	925	1,040	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pakistan	500	225	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	340	115	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	185	55	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	165	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	203,305	97,375	105,930	...	...	...
In the labour force	119,140	60,820	58,315	...	...	...
Employed	97,290	50,175	47,115	...	...	...
Unemployed	21,850	10,645	11,200	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	84,165	36,555	47,615	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.6	62.5	55.1	58.6	62.5	55.1
Employment rate	47.9	51.5	44.5	47.9	51.5	44.5
Unemployment rate	18.3	17.5	19.2	18.3	17.5	19.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	203,300	97,375	105,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	84,315	36,995	47,320	41.5	38.0	44.7
Worked	118,990	60,375	58,615	58.5	62.0	55.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	55,390	30,760	24,630	27.2	31.6	23.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,600	29,620	33,985	31.3	30.4	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.9	39.7	38.0	38.9	39.7	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	119,135	60,825	58,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,685	1,845	1,845	3.1	3.0	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	115,450	58,975	56,475	96.9	97.0	96.8
Employee	100,430	49,965	50,470	84.3	82.1	86.5
Permanent position	85,545	42,810	42,740	71.8	70.4	73.3
Temporary position	14,885	7,150	7,730	12.5	11.8	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,315	1,890	2,420	3.6	3.1	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10,575	5,265	5,310	8.9	8.7	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	15,015	9,015	6,000	12.6	14.8	10.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	119,135	60,825	58,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,685	1,845	1,845	3.1	3.0	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	115,450	58,975	56,475	96.9	97.0	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	955	700	255	0.8	1.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,355	5,125	11,230	13.7	8.4	19.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,450	5,200	1,245	5.4	8.5	2.1
3 Health occupations	10,090	1,935	8,155	8.5	3.2	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,730	4,295	8,435	10.7	7.1	14.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,050	1,495	1,555	2.6	2.5	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	38,850	16,785	22,065	32.6	27.6	37.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,180	17,505	1,675	16.1	28.8	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,395	1,695	695	2.0	2.8	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,400	4,240	1,165	4.5	7.0	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	119,135	60,825	58,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,685	1,845	1,845	3.1	3.0	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	115,450	58,975	56,475	96.9	97.0	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,915	1,115	800	1.6	1.8	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	140	105	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	840	685	160	0.7	1.1	0.3
23 Construction	8,595	7,505	1,090	7.2	12.3	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	9,540	7,300	2,245	8.0	12.0	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	3,735	2,425	1,310	3.1	4.0	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	15,575	7,080	8,490	13.1	11.6	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,140	3,925	1,215	4.3	6.5	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,470	945	515	1.2	1.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	3,780	1,595	2,180	3.2	2.6	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,095	1,110	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,670	3,615	3,060	5.6	5.9	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,780	3,320	2,455	4.9	5.5	4.2
61 Educational services	8,265	2,655	5,610	6.9	4.4	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	15,600	2,840	12,765	13.1	4.7	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,035	2,250	1,780	3.4	3.7	3.1
72 Accommodation and food services	12,475	5,580	6,890	10.5	9.2	11.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,745	2,195	2,550	4.0	3.6	4.4
91 Public administration	4,895	2,665	2,230	4.1	4.4	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,910	65,255	63,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,870	63,020	60,845	96.1	96.6	95.6
French	275	85	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	485	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	485	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	1,630	645	985	1.3	1.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,465	1,165	1,295	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,910	65,255	63,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,115	64,905	63,215	99.4	99.5	99.3
Official languages	127,280	64,515	62,760	98.7	98.9	98.6
English	126,740	64,355	62,380	98.3	98.6	98.0
French	540	160	380	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	840	390	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	840	390	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	790	345	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	535	260	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,910	65,255	63,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	125,355	63,670	61,685	97.2	97.6	96.9
English	595	205	390	0.5	0.3	0.6
French	1,155	495	660	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	1,495	715	780	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,490	715	770	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	97,290	50,175	47,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,900	8,250	10,650	19.4	16.4	22.6
Worked outside Canada	520	385	135	0.5	0.8	0.3
No fixed workplace address	12,095	8,775	3,315	12.4	17.5	7.0
Usual place of work	65,780	32,760	33,015	67.6	65.3	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	65,775	32,760	33,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	35,595	16,165	19,425	54.1	49.3	58.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	23,250	11,805	11,445	35.3	36.0	34.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,800	4,690	2,110	10.3	14.3	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	125	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	77,870	41,540	36,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	70,790	38,250	32,535	90.9	92.1	89.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	64,400	35,620	28,780	82.7	85.7	79.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	6,390	2,635	3,755	8.2	6.3	10.3
Public transit	2,145	825	1,320	2.8	2.0	3.6
Walked	2,740	1,330	1,405	3.5	3.2	3.9
Bicycle	560	430	130	0.7	1.0	0.4
Other method	1,630	695	940	2.1	1.7	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	77,870	41,540	36,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	31,790	15,020	16,770	40.8	36.2	46.2
15 to 29 minutes	29,505	15,615	13,895	37.9	37.6	38.2
30 to 44 minutes	9,070	5,650	3,420	11.6	13.6	9.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,005	2,025	980	3.9	4.9	2.7
60 minutes and over	4,500	3,230	1,270	5.8	7.8	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	77,870	41,540	36,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,840	4,000	1,840	7.5	9.6	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,075	8,390	4,690	16.8	20.2	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,505	9,615	7,890	22.5	23.1	21.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	16,805	7,340	9,465	21.6	17.7	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,425	4,960	6,460	14.7	11.9	17.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,215	7,230	5,990	17.0	17.4	16.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	43,450	22,340	21,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,990	2,000	2,000	9.2	9.0	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,460	20,340	19,115	90.8	91.0	90.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	31,755	16,315	15,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,085	1,560	1,530	9.7	9.6	9.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,950	960	990	6.1	5.9	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,135	600	540	3.6	3.7	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,665	14,760	13,910	90.3	90.5	90.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 12, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table