Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Bay, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	52,662
Population, 2016¹	51,553
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2
Total private dwellings²	25,077
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,467
Population density per square kilometre	166.9
Land area in square kilometres	315.53
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	52,660
0 to 14 years	7,600
0 to 4 years	2,270
5 to 9 years	2,610
10 to 14 years	2,715
15 to 64 years	33,630
15 to 19 years	2,790
20 to 24 years	3,425
25 to 29 years	3,500
30 to 34 years	3,480
35 to 39 years	3,280
40 to 44 years	2,935
45 to 49 years	3,025
50 to 54 years	3,150
55 to 59 years	4,095
60 to 64 years	3,960
65 years and over	11,430
65 to 69 years	3,285
70 to 74 years	2,870
75 to 79 years	2,090
80 to 84 years	1,650
85 years and over	1,535
85 to 89 years	995
90 to 94 years	445
95 to 99 years	90
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4
15 to 64 years	63.9
65 years and over	21.7
85 years and over	2.9
Average age of the population	43.6
Median age of the population	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,470
Single-detached house	11,440
Semi-detached house	2,135
Row house	2,025
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,560
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,100
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,080
Other single-attached house	65
Movable dwelling⁴	65
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,465
1 person	7,910
2 persons	8,610
3 persons	3,215
4 persons	2,525
5 or more persons	1,210
Number of persons in private households	51,460
Average household size	2.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	45,060
Married or living common-law	23,705
Married	18,045
Living common-law	5,660
Living common law - Never married	4,005
Living common law - Separated	415
Living common law - Divorced	1,090
Living common law - Widowed	150
Not married and not living common-law	21,360
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,165
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,775
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,200
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,605
2 persons	8,580
3 persons	2,960
4 persons	2,275
5 or more persons	795
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,610
Total couple families	11,605
Married couples	8,775
With children⁶	3,780
Without children	4,995
Common-law couples	2,830
With children⁶	1,120
Without children	1,705
Total one-parent families	3,000
in which the parent is a woman+	2,290
in which the parent is a man+	715
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	51,455
Total - Persons in census families	39,375
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,205
Parents in one-parent families	3,005
Children⁶	13,160
In a two-parent family	8,640
In a one-parent family	4,520
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,085
Living alone	7,910
Living with other relatives⁷	1,135
Living with non-relatives only	3,045
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,465
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,955
Couple-family households	10,580
With children⁶	4,465
Without children	6,115
One-parent-family households	2,375
Multigenerational households⁸	465
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	750
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,275
One-person households	7,910
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	43,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,450
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,455
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,580
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,875
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,985
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,280
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,620
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	43,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,370
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,370
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,580
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,905
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,850
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,150
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,660
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	43,885
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,295
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,035
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	43,880
Without total income	1,435
With total income	42,450
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,870
$10,000 to $19,999	5,795
$20,000 to $29,999	7,100
$30,000 to $39,999	5,740
$40,000 to $49,999	4,945
$50,000 to $59,999	4,005
$60,000 to $69,999	3,160
$70,000 to $79,999	2,300
$80,000 to $89,999	1,640
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240
$100,000 and over	3,645
$100,000 to $149,999	2,635
$150,000 and over	1,010
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	43,880
Without after-tax income	1,430
With after-tax income	42,455
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,035
$10,000 to $19,999	5,960
$20,000 to $29,999	7,975
$30,000 to $39,999	6,770
$40,000 to $49,999	5,680
$50,000 to $59,999	4,230
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480
$90,000 to $99,999	780
$100,000 and over	1,690
$100,000 to $124,999	915
$125,000 and over	780
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	43,880
Without employment income	15,005
With employment income	28,880
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,940
$5,000 to $9,999	2,255
$10,000 to $19,999	3,515
$20,000 to $29,999	2,635
$30,000 to $39,999	2,785
$40,000 to $49,999	2,395
$50,000 to $59,999	2,275
$60,000 to $69,999	1,965
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095
$90,000 to $99,999	925
$100,000 and over	2,700
$100,000 to $124,999	1,475
$125,000 and over	1,230
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	43,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,815
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,835
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,410
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,235
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,325
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,495
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	43,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,680
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,705
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,390
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,110
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,035
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,375
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	43,885
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,275
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,395
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2
Employment income (%)	65.2
Government transfers (%)	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,465
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,910
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	15,560
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,465
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,910
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,280
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,520
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	15,560
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,465
Under $5,000	165
$5,000 to $9,999	120
$10,000 to $14,999	350
$15,000 to $19,999	780
$20,000 to $24,999	1,210
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025
$30,000 to $34,999	870
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045
$40,000 to $44,999	1,100
$45,000 to $49,999	995
$50,000 to $59,999	2,025
$60,000 to $69,999	1,760
$70,000 to $79,999	1,605
$80,000 to $89,999	1,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,265
$100,000 and over	7,590
$100,000 to $124,999	2,475
$125,000 to $149,999	1,695
$150,000 to $199,999	1,940
$200,000 and over	1,480
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,465
Under $5,000	185
$5,000 to $9,999	125
$10,000 to $14,999	355
$15,000 to $19,999	805
$20,000 to $24,999	1,280
$25,000 to $29,999	1,165
$30,000 to $34,999	985
$35,000 to $39,999	1,250
$40,000 to $44,999	1,200
$45,000 to $49,999	1,245
$50,000 to $59,999	2,250
$60,000 to $69,999	2,000
$70,000 to $79,999	1,880
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260
$100,000 and over	5,915
$100,000 to $124,999	2,440
$125,000 to $149,999	1,445
$150,000 and over	2,035
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,545
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,275
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,980
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,835
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,955
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,540
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,355
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,980
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,805
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,950
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	51,460
0 to 17 years	9,170
0 to 5 years	2,795
18 to 64 years	31,415
65 years and over	10,870
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,635
0 to 17 years	1,285
0 to 5 years	460
18 to 64 years	3,865
65 years and over	1,485
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3
65 years and over (%)	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	51,455
0 to 17 years	9,170
0 to 5 years	2,800
18 to 64 years	31,420
65 years and over	10,870
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,675
0 to 17 years	335
0 to 5 years	105
18 to 64 years	2,195
65 years and over	145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	51,460
In bottom half of the distribution	28,435
In bottom decile	6,250
In second decile	6,225
In third decile	5,605
In fourth decile	5,185
In fifth decile	5,175
In top half of the distribution	23,025
In sixth decile	4,805
In seventh decile	4,745
In eighth decile	4,955
In ninth decile	4,570
In top decile	3,955
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	51,455
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.329
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	51,935
English only	39,185
French only	130
English and French	12,520
Neither English nor French	100
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	51,935
English	45,945
French	5,670
English and French	220
Neither English nor French	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	51,935
Single responses	50,360
Official languages	48,010
English	42,130
French	5,880
Non-official languages	2,350
Indigenous languages³⁹	125
Algonquian languages	115
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	100
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	95
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	5
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15
Non-Indigenous languages	2,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	75
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	65
Amharic	0
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	105
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	125
Kannada	5
Malayalam	85
Tamil	10
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,510
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	260
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	255
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	95
Russian	60
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	5
Croatian	10
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	295
Frisian	5
High German languages	185
German	175
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	360
Indo-Aryan languages	320
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	55
Hindi	70
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	40
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	555
Catalan	0
Italian	330
Portuguese	80
Romanian	15
Spanish	130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	20
Mongolian	10
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185
Chinese languages	180
Hakka	0
Mandarin	90
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	65
Estonian	5
Finnish	35
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,580
English and French	1,165
English and non-official language(s)	345
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	51,935
English	45,530
French	1,275
Non-official language	415
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	395
English and French	3,000
English and non-official language(s)	1,545
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	130
Multiple non-official languages	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	51,935
Single responses	51,005
Official languages	50,095
English	48,300
French	1,790
Non-official languages	915
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	40
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	35
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	870
Afro-Asiatic languages	35
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	30
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	55
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	60
Tamil	0
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	500
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	85
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	200
Indo-Aryan languages	170
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	35
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	180
Catalan	0
Italian	80
Portuguese	45
Romanian	0
Spanish	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	5
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115
Chinese languages	115
Hakka	0
Mandarin	55
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	935
English and French	640
English and non-official language(s)	265
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	51,935
None	48,075
English	905
French	1,875
Non-official language	845
Indigenous³⁹	110
Non-Indigenous	735
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	85
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	51,455
Official languages	51,360
English	51,215
French	12,590
Non-official languages	3,460
Indigenous languages³⁹	290
Algonquian languages	290
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	235
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	235
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	110
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	110
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	110
Amharic	0
Arabic	95
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	80
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	165
Kannada	20
Malayalam	90
Tamil	20
Telugu	60
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,315
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	375
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	375
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	30
Macedonian	0
Polish	150
Russian	100
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	65
Bosnian	0
Croatian	45
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	430
Frisian	0
High German languages	280
German	280
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	430
Indo-Aryan languages	375
Assamese	0
Bengali	35
Gujarati	85
Hindi	255
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	55
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	55
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,115
Catalan	0
Italian	545
Portuguese	130
Romanian	20
Spanish	475
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	45
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	105
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	195
Chinese languages	180
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	50
Estonian	0
Finnish	35
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	51,460
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,510
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,285
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,255
Métis	1,975
Inuk (Inuit)	55
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115
Non-Indigenous identity	45,940
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	51,460
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,355
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	49,105
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,470
Owner	13,900
Renter	9,570
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,470
Condominium	1,340
Not condominium	22,120
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,470
No bedrooms	135
1 bedroom	3,630
2 bedrooms	5,520
3 bedrooms	7,925
4 or more bedrooms	6,260
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,470
1 to 4 rooms	6,335
5 rooms	3,255
6 rooms	3,140
7 rooms	3,025
8 or more rooms	7,710
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,470
One person or fewer per room	23,335
More than one person per room	130
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,470
Suitable	22,755
Not suitable	715
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,470
1960 or before	6,940
1961 to 1980	9,410
1981 to 1990	3,365
1991 to 2000	1,820
2001 to 2005	500
2006 to 2010	695
2011 to 2015	430
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	305
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,470
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,895
Major repairs needed	1,575
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,470
One-maintainer household	12,865
Two-maintainer household	9,775
Three-or-more-maintainer household	825
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,470
15 to 24 years	955
25 to 34 years	3,220
35 to 44 years	3,500
45 to 54 years	3,655
55 to 64 years	4,850
65 to 74 years	3,840
75 to 84 years	2,515
85 years and over	940
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,405
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,475
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,925
30% to less than 100%	4,610
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,470
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,555
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,350
Not suitable only	525
Major repairs needed only	1,040
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
Acceptable housing	16,910
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,080
In core need	2,490
Not in core need	20,590
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,900
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,308
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	351,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,565
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	51,460
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,470
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,400
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,950
Métis single ancestry	420
Inuit single ancestry	30
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,735
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,620
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,300
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,290
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	51,460
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	50,335
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,075
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,255
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,125
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	51,460
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	48,320
Immigrants⁸¹	2,615
Before 1980	1,130
1980 to 1990	270
1991 to 2000	300
2001 to 2010	400
2011 to 2021⁸²	520
2011 to 2015	225
2016 to 2021	290
Non-permanent residents⁸³	525
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,610
Under 5 years	445
5 to 14 years	515
15 to 24 years	510
25 to 44 years	985
45 years and over	150
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,610
Americas	475
Brazil	20
Colombia	25
El Salvador	0
Guyana	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	20
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	245
Other places of birth in Americas	85
Europe	1,295
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Croatia	30
France	40
Germany	165
Greece	0
Hungary	10
Italy	245
Netherlands	70
Poland	55
Portugal	30
Romania	25
Russian Federation	30
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Ukraine	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400
Other places of birth in Europe	145
Africa	200
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	0
Nigeria	40
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	45
Other places of birth in Africa	65
Asia	580
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	110
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	20
Taiwan	0
Philippines	55
Viet Nam	50
Bangladesh	20
India	130
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	30
Other places of birth in Asia	65
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	295
Americas	95
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	0
United States of America	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20
Europe	20
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	60
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	45
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	105
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	20
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	51,455
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	42,510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,480
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	695
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	290
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	405
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	600
Refugees¹⁰⁸	175
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,480
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	190
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,010
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	51,455
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,245
South Asian	710
Chinese	260
Black	565
Filipino	125
Arab	60
Latin American	140
Southeast Asian	120
West Asian	70
Korean	35
Japanese	45
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45
Multiple visible minorities	65
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	49,210
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	51,455
Canadian	8,695
English	11,980
Irish	11,985
Scottish	9,880
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,245
German	5,585
Chinese	290
Italian	3,545
Indian (India)	430
Ukrainian	1,175
Dutch	1,430
Polish	1,530
Québécois	260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,625
Filipino	145
French Canadian	2,265
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,980
Métis	1,890
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	665
Russian	295
Norwegian	370
Welsh	925
Portuguese	300
American	475
Spanish	205
Swedish	675
Hungarian	300
Acadian	230
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115
Jewish	145
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	80
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80
Greek	245
Jamaican	110
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	390
Korean	40
Romanian	145
Lebanese	70
Iranian	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	165
Danish	185
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,000
Sikh	20
Austrian	330
Belgian	160
Haitian	25
Hindu	95
Mexican	75
Mennonite	50
Swiss	165
Finnish	705
Sri Lankan	40
Croatian	155
Japanese	60
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	225
Muslim	0
Egyptian	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65
Tamil	0
Icelandic	70
Colombian	30
Moroccan	0
Czech	110
Syrian	15
Guyanese	70
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50
Serbian	30
Ojibway	530
Newfoundlander	130
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	435
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80
Bangladeshi	20
Algerian	0
Brazilian	35
Nigerian	45
Armenian	0
Slovak	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65
Algonquin	1,030
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	110
South African	95
Australian	35
Palestinian	15
Chilean	10
Congolese	30
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	15
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	30
Macedonian	15
Slovenian	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	140
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20
Bulgarian	50
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	35
African American	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	15
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	40
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	255
Argentinian	0
Estonian	65
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40
Coptic	0
Thai	25
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	10
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80
New Zealander	10
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15
Huron (Wendat)	25
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	45
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	130
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	25
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	15
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	25
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	25
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	51,460
Buddhist	220
Christian	28,995
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,135
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	1,980
Baptist	370
Catholic	18,125
Christian Orthodox	170
Jehovah's Witness	115
Latter Day Saints	125
Lutheran	325
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	575
Presbyterian	520
Reformed	15
United Church	2,835
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,520
Hindu	240
Jewish	55
Muslim	125
Sikh	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	305
No religion and secular perspectives	21,410
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	51,110
Non-movers	44,645
Movers	6,465
Non-migrants	3,945
Migrants	2,520
Internal migrants	2,325
Intraprovincial migrants	2,065
Interprovincial migrants	265
External migrants	190
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	49,210
Non-movers	28,495
Movers	20,715
Non-migrants	10,735
Migrants	9,975
Internal migrants	9,235
Intraprovincial migrants	8,240
Interprovincial migrants	1,000
External migrants	745
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,885
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,510
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,380
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,895
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,700
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,890
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,405
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,760
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,430
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	575
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,500
Bachelor's degree	6,090
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225
Master's degree	1,360
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,890
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,730
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,360
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	770
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,365
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,370
Bachelor's degree	4,625
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180
Master's degree	985
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,390
Education	1,665
13. Education	1,665
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	860
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70
50. Visual and performing arts	800
Humanities	980
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	290
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70
39. Theology and religious vocations	100
54. History	225
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530
22. Legal professions and studies	425
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	585
45. Social sciences	790
Business, management and public administration	4,840
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	840
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,985
Physical and life sciences and technologies	670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	145
41. Science technologies/technicians	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	760
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	105
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,395
04. Architecture and related services	125
14. Engineering	560
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,120
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	995
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	985
48. Precision production	610
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195
03. Natural resources and conservation	295
Health and related fields	4,950
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,435
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,080
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	750
49. Transportation and materials moving	280
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,160
Education	980
13. Education	980
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	625
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	585
Humanities	650
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	215
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	40
54. History	160
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410
22. Legal professions and studies	335
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75
42. Psychology	430
45. Social sciences	605
Business, management and public administration	3,625
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	640
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,970
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	635
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	535
25. Library science	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,995
04. Architecture and related services	110
14. Engineering	430
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	610
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	645
48. Precision production	365
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	235
Health and related fields	3,620
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	735
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	610
49. Transportation and materials moving	215
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	26,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,730
Location of study inside Canada	16,810
Same as province or territory of residence	16,035
Different than province or territory of residence	780
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	925
Americas	340
United States of America	270
Mexico	25
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	10
Colombia	15
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	165
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	15
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	20
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25
Africa	65
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other locations of study in Africa	10
Asia	305
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	55
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	30
India	135
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	35
Oceania	40
Australia	30
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	43,890
In the labour force	25,425
Employed	22,380
Unemployed	3,045
Not in the labour force	18,465
Participation rate	57.9
Employment rate	51.0
Unemployment rate	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	43,885
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,620
Worked	25,270
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,625
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,645
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	25,420
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,705
Employee	22,010
Permanent position	18,680
Temporary position	3,330
Fixed term (1 year or more)	955
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,375
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,690
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	25,420
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,705
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,750
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,545
3 Health occupations	2,605
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,745
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	625
6 Sales and service occupations	7,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,035
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	390
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	635
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	25,420
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720
All industries¹⁹¹	24,705
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	640
22 Utilities	225
23 Construction	1,515
31-33 Manufacturing	1,050
41 Wholesale trade	465
44-45 Retail trade	3,525
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,375
51 Information and cultural industries	415
52 Finance and insurance	565
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	405
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,300
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,270
61 Educational services	2,180
62 Health care and social assistance	4,515
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375
72 Accommodation and food services	1,835
81 Other services (except public administration)	920
91 Public administration	2,045
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,175
English	24,385
French	300
Non-official language	40
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	40
English and French	2,315
English and non-official language(s)	125
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,175
Single responses	26,765
Official languages	26,725
English	26,175
French	550
Non-official languages	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35
Chinese languages	35
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	410
English and French	380
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,175
None	25,135
English	255
French	1,685
Non-official language	75
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	60
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,380
Worked at home	4,185
Worked outside Canada	25
No fixed workplace address	2,290
Usual place of work	15,880
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,880
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,570
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	390
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750
Commute to a different province or territory	170
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,170
Car, truck or van	15,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,055
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,550
Public transit	635
Walked	1,410
Bicycle	155
Other method	365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,170
Less than 15 minutes	10,910
15 to 29 minutes	5,315
30 to 44 minutes	1,035
45 to 59 minutes	375
60 minutes and over	540
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,170
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	845
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,980
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,380
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,480
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,855
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,635
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,940
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,415
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,275
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,520
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	755
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,630

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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