Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Bay, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	52,662	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	51,553	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	25,077	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,467	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	166.9	...	...	166.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	315.53	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	52,660	25,570	27,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,600	3,885	3,715	14.4	15.2	13.7
0 to 4 years	2,270	1,140	1,130	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	2,610	1,365	1,245	5.0	5.3	4.6
10 to 14 years	2,715	1,380	1,335	5.2	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	33,630	16,605	17,025	63.9	64.9	62.8
15 to 19 years	2,790	1,425	1,365	5.3	5.6	5.0
20 to 24 years	3,425	1,720	1,705	6.5	6.7	6.3
25 to 29 years	3,500	1,785	1,715	6.6	7.0	6.3
30 to 34 years	3,480	1,775	1,705	6.6	6.9	6.3
35 to 39 years	3,280	1,595	1,685	6.2	6.2	6.2
40 to 44 years	2,935	1,470	1,470	5.6	5.7	5.4
45 to 49 years	3,025	1,465	1,560	5.7	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	3,150	1,520	1,630	6.0	5.9	6.0
55 to 59 years	4,095	1,970	2,125	7.8	7.7	7.8
60 to 64 years	3,960	1,885	2,070	7.5	7.4	7.6
65 years and over	11,430	5,075	6,350	21.7	19.8	23.4
65 to 69 years	3,285	1,520	1,760	6.2	5.9	6.5
70 to 74 years	2,870	1,345	1,525	5.5	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	2,090	900	1,195	4.0	3.5	4.4
80 to 84 years	1,650	705	945	3.1	2.8	3.5
85 years and over	1,535	605	935	2.9	2.4	3.5
85 to 89 years	995	415	580	1.9	1.6	2.1
90 to 94 years	445	160	285	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.7	14.4	15.2	13.7
15 to 64 years	63.9	64.9	62.8	63.9	64.9	62.8
65 years and over	21.7	19.8	23.4	21.7	19.8	23.4
85 years and over	2.9	2.4	3.5	2.9	2.4	3.5
Average age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.8	43.6	42.4	44.8
Median age of the population	44.0	42.0	45.6	44.0	42.0	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,440	...	...	48.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,135	...	...	9.1	...	...
Row house	2,025	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,560	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,100	...	...	17.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,080	...	...	8.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,910	...	...	33.7	...	...
2 persons	8,610	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 persons	3,215	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	2,525	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,210	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	51,460	24,895	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	45,060	21,685	23,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,705	11,805	11,900	52.6	54.4	50.9
Married	18,045	8,995	9,050	40.0	41.5	38.7
Living common-law	5,660	2,810	2,850	12.6	13.0	12.2
Living common law - Never married	4,005	1,975	2,030	8.9	9.1	8.7
Living common law - Separated	415	230	190	0.9	1.1	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,090	545	545	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	21,360	9,880	11,475	47.4	45.6	49.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,165	7,145	6,020	29.2	32.9	25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,775	745	1,035	3.9	3.4	4.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,200	1,265	1,935	7.1	5.8	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,210	730	2,485	7.1	3.4	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,580	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	2,960	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	2,275	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...	5.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,605	...	...	79.4	...	...
Married couples	8,775	...	...	60.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,780	...	...	25.9	...	...
Without children	4,995	...	...	34.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,830	...	...	19.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,120	...	...	7.7	...	...
Without children	1,705	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,000	...	...	20.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,290	...	...	15.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	715	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	51,455	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	39,375	19,285	20,085	76.5	77.4	75.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,205	11,565	11,640	45.1	46.4	43.8
Parents in one-parent families	3,005	715	2,290	5.8	2.9	8.6
Children⁶	13,160	7,010	6,155	25.6	28.2	23.2
In a two-parent family	8,640	4,555	4,085	16.8	18.3	15.4
In a one-parent family	4,520	2,450	2,070	8.8	9.8	7.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,085	5,610	6,470	23.5	22.5	24.4
Living alone	7,910	3,385	4,520	15.4	13.6	17.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,135	500	630	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,045	1,725	1,325	5.9	6.9	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,955	...	...	55.2	...	...
Couple-family households	10,580	...	...	45.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,465	...	...	19.0	...	...
Without children	6,115	...	...	26.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,375	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	465	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	750	...	...	3.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,275	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	7,910	...	...	33.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	43,885	21,030	22,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,450	20,240	22,215	96.7	96.2	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	36,400	39,600	43,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,455	20,240	22,215	96.7	96.2	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,580	17,720	18,855	83.4	84.3	82.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,400	33,600	39,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,875	14,630	14,245	65.8	69.6	62.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,985	18,355	20,635	88.8	87.3	90.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	9,600	12,400	11,300	9,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,280	2,035	2,240	9.8	9.7	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,620	4,930	5,690	24.2	23.4	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	43,890	21,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,370	20,145	22,215	96.5	95.9	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	56,000	43,600	49,520	56,000	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,370	20,145	22,215	96.5	95.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	46,920	38,240	42,360	46,920	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,580	17,825	18,755	83.3	84.8	82.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720	52,400	37,440	44,720	52,400	37,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,905	14,815	14,090	65.9	70.5	61.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	49,000	38,920	44,080	49,000	38,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,850	18,155	20,690	88.5	86.4	90.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,860	10,700	12,880	11,860	10,700	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,150	1,950	2,200	9.5	9.3	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	7,350	6,940	7,130	7,350	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,660	4,905	5,750	24.3	23.3	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,640	9,020	8,850	8,640	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	43,885	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,295	7,205	6,095	30.3	34.3	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	62,000	57,600	59,600	62,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	75,000	63,350	69,600	75,000	63,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,035	5,055	5,985	25.1	24.1	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	18,400	15,000	16,200	18,400	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,180	29,000	21,960	25,180	29,000	21,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	82.8	72.4	78.0	82.8	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.8	64.4	56.6	60.8	64.4	56.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	17.2	27.5	22.0	17.2	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.5	5.3	4.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.4	4.5	3.8	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	43,880	21,030	22,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,435	790	640	3.3	3.8	2.8
With total income	42,450	20,235	22,210	96.7	96.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,870	1,235	1,635	6.8	6.1	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,795	2,490	3,305	13.7	12.3	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	7,100	3,010	4,090	16.7	14.9	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,740	2,530	3,210	13.5	12.5	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,945	2,335	2,610	11.6	11.5	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,005	1,875	2,130	9.4	9.3	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,160	1,620	1,540	7.4	8.0	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,300	1,280	1,020	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,640	885	755	3.9	4.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	670	575	2.9	3.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	3,645	2,305	1,340	8.6	11.4	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,635	1,570	1,065	6.2	7.8	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,010	735	275	2.4	3.6	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	43,880	21,030	22,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,430	790	640	3.3	3.8	2.8
With after-tax income	42,455	20,240	22,215	96.8	96.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,035	1,275	1,765	7.1	6.3	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,960	2,570	3,395	14.0	12.7	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,975	3,410	4,565	18.8	16.8	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,770	3,110	3,660	15.9	15.4	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,680	2,675	3,005	13.4	13.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,230	2,140	2,090	10.0	10.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	1,570	1,340	6.8	7.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945	1,050	890	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	795	685	3.5	3.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	780	460	320	1.8	2.3	1.4
$100,000 and over	1,690	1,190	500	4.0	5.9	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	915	615	300	2.2	3.0	1.4
$125,000 and over	780	575	200	1.8	2.8	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	43,880	21,030	22,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,005	6,395	8,610	34.2	30.4	37.7
With employment income	28,880	14,635	14,245	65.8	69.6	62.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,940	2,490	2,445	17.1	17.0	17.2
$5,000 to $9,999	2,255	965	1,290	7.8	6.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,515	1,595	1,915	12.2	10.9	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,635	1,260	1,380	9.1	8.6	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,785	1,295	1,495	9.6	8.8	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	2,395	1,200	1,200	8.3	8.2	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,275	1,115	1,165	7.9	7.6	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,965	1,100	860	6.8	7.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	785	605	4.8	5.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095	580	515	3.8	4.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	925	505	415	3.2	3.5	2.9
$100,000 and over	2,700	1,740	965	9.3	11.9	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,475	830	645	5.1	5.7	4.5
$125,000 and over	1,230	905	320	4.3	6.2	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	43,885	21,030	22,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,815	19,950	21,865	95.3	94.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,600	37,200	42,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,835	19,950	21,885	95.3	94.9	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	31,000	34,000	37,600	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,410	17,645	18,765	83.0	83.9	82.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,800	34,800	40,400	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,235	14,780	14,455	66.6	70.3	63.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,400	34,800	38,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,325	17,590	19,735	85.1	83.6	86.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	3,320	8,400	6,550	3,320	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,495	1,655	1,840	8.0	7.9	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,360	5,520	5,880	6,360	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	43,890	21,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,680	19,820	21,865	95.0	94.3	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	53,450	41,160	47,000	53,450	41,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,705	19,820	21,885	95.0	94.3	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	44,760	35,880	40,120	44,760	35,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,390	17,690	18,710	82.9	84.2	81.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,200	37,760	44,800	52,200	37,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,110	14,810	14,300	66.3	70.5	62.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,040	38,640	43,920	49,040	38,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,035	17,305	19,725	84.4	82.4	86.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,880	9,790	8,900	7,880	9,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,375	1,520	1,855	7.7	7.2	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,490	7,320	7,400	7,490	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	43,885	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,275	7,180	6,100	30.2	34.2	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	59,200	53,600	56,800	59,200	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	70,300	59,050	65,100	70,300	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,395	4,690	5,700	23.7	22.3	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	24,200	18,600	21,400	24,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,680	34,520	25,640	29,680	34,520	25,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.2	78.6	83.2	87.2	78.6
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.6	61.4	65.2	68.6	61.4
Government transfers (%)	16.8	12.9	21.5	16.8	12.9	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	15,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,280	...	...	45,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,520	...	...	39,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	15,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	780	...	...	3.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,210	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	870	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,045	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,100	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	995	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,025	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,760	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,605	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,560	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,265	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,590	...	...	32.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,475	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,695	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,940	...	...	8.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,480	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,280	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,165	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,250	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,200	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,245	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,250	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,000	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,880	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,915	...	...	25.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,440	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,445	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,035	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,955	5,110	5,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,000	33,600	34,000	34,000	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	31,800	31,400	31,600	31,800	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,800	...	...	85,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,800	...	...	151,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,950	5,065	5,880	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	43,000	41,120	42,000	43,000	41,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,960	37,440	36,520	36,960	37,440	36,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	51,460	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,170	4,710	4,460	17.8	18.9	16.8
0 to 5 years	2,795	1,420	1,380	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years	31,415	15,340	16,075	61.0	61.6	60.5
65 years and over	10,870	4,850	6,025	21.1	19.5	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,635	3,020	3,615	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,285	660	620	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	460	230	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,865	1,860	2,010	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,485	505	980	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.1	13.6	12.9	12.1	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.4	16.4	16.6	16.4	16.4	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	12.1	12.5	12.3	12.1	12.5
65 years and over (%)	13.7	10.4	16.3	13.7	10.4	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	51,455	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,170	4,710	4,465	17.8	18.9	16.8
0 to 5 years	2,800	1,415	1,380	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years	31,420	15,340	16,075	61.1	61.6	60.5
65 years and over	10,870	4,845	6,020	21.1	19.5	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,675	1,400	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	335	185	155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	55	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,195	1,145	1,050	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	60	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.6	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.5	6.5	7.0	7.5	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	51,460	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	28,435	13,440	14,990	55.3	54.0	56.4
In bottom decile	6,250	2,995	3,255	12.1	12.0	12.3
In second decile	6,225	2,780	3,450	12.1	11.2	13.0
In third decile	5,605	2,660	2,945	10.9	10.7	11.1
In fourth decile	5,185	2,505	2,680	10.1	10.1	10.1
In fifth decile	5,175	2,505	2,670	10.1	10.1	10.1
In top half of the distribution	23,025	11,460	11,565	44.7	46.0	43.5
In sixth decile	4,805	2,365	2,435	9.3	9.5	9.2
In seventh decile	4,745	2,345	2,400	9.2	9.4	9.0
In eighth decile	4,955	2,480	2,475	9.6	10.0	9.3
In ninth decile	4,570	2,260	2,310	8.9	9.1	8.7
In top decile	3,955	2,005	1,945	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	51,455	...	...	51,455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.329	...	...	0.329	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	39,185	19,475	19,710	75.5	77.4	73.6
French only	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	12,520	5,595	6,920	24.1	22.2	25.8
Neither English nor French	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,945	22,490	23,455	88.5	89.4	87.6
French	5,670	2,540	3,130	10.9	10.1	11.7
English and French	220	95	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,360	24,440	25,925	97.0	97.1	96.8
Official languages	48,010	23,305	24,700	92.4	92.6	92.3
English	42,130	20,650	21,480	81.1	82.1	80.2
French	5,880	2,655	3,220	11.3	10.6	12.0
Non-official languages	2,350	1,130	1,220	4.5	4.5	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	115	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,225	1,080	1,145	4.3	4.3	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,510	725	785	2.9	2.9	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	120	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	120	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	120	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	175	65	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	360	195	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	320	170	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	555	270	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	330	175	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	180	95	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,580	725	850	3.0	2.9	3.2
English and French	1,165	530	640	2.2	2.1	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	345	175	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,530	22,320	23,210	87.7	88.7	86.7
French	1,275	540	735	2.5	2.1	2.7
Non-official language	415	190	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	395	180	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	3,000	1,285	1,715	5.8	5.1	6.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,545	735	810	3.0	2.9	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,005	24,765	26,240	98.2	98.4	98.0
Official languages	50,095	24,320	25,775	96.5	96.6	96.3
English	48,300	23,565	24,735	93.0	93.6	92.4
French	1,790	750	1,040	3.4	3.0	3.9
Non-official languages	915	445	465	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	870	430	440	1.7	1.7	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	500	235	265	1.0	0.9	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	200	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	170	90	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	935	400	530	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and French	640	265	375	1.2	1.1	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	265	125	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	51,935	25,165	26,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,075	23,420	24,660	92.6	93.1	92.1
English	905	405	505	1.7	1.6	1.9
French	1,875	825	1,045	3.6	3.3	3.9
Non-official language	845	390	455	1.6	1.5	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	735	345	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	51,455	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	51,360	24,865	26,495	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	51,215	24,820	26,395	99.5	99.7	99.4
French	12,590	5,545	7,045	24.5	22.3	26.5
Non-official languages	3,460	1,655	1,810	6.7	6.6	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	290	130	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	290	130	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	235	90	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	235	85	145	0.5	0.3	0.5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,170	1,525	1,645	6.2	6.1	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	105	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,315	1,170	1,150	4.5	4.7	4.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	170	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	170	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	430	190	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	280	120	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	280	120	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	430	265	170	0.8	1.1	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	375	225	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	85	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	255	165	95	0.5	0.7	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,115	565	560	2.2	2.3	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	545	300	240	1.1	1.2	0.9
Portuguese	130	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	475	210	260	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	75	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	51,460	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,510	2,710	2,805	10.7	10.9	10.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,285	2,575	2,715	10.3	10.3	10.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,255	1,540	1,710	6.3	6.2	6.4
Métis	1,975	990	990	3.8	4.0	3.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	45,940	22,190	23,750	89.3	89.1	89.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	51,460	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,355	1,095	1,255	4.6	4.4	4.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	49,105	23,805	25,300	95.4	95.6	95.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,900	...	...	59.2	...	...
Renter	9,570	...	...	40.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,340	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not condominium	22,120	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	3,630	...	...	15.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,520	...	...	23.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,925	...	...	33.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,260	...	...	26.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,335	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	3,255	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,140	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,025	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,710	...	...	32.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,335	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	130	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,755	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	715	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,940	...	...	29.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,410	...	...	40.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,365	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,820	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	500	...	...	2.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	695	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	430	...	...	1.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	305	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	21,895	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,575	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,865	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,775	...	...	41.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	825	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	955	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,220	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,500	...	...	14.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,655	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,850	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,840	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,515	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	940	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,475	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,925	...	...	21.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,610	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,555	...	...	27.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,350	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not suitable only	525	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,040	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,910	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,490	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not in core need	20,590	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3	...	...	60.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,308	...	...	1,308	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	351,600	...	...	351,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,565	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	51,460	24,900	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,470	1,150	1,320	4.8	4.6	5.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,400	1,125	1,275	4.7	4.5	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,950	910	1,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis single ancestry	420	200	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,735	2,405	2,330	9.2	9.7	8.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,620	2,335	2,290	9.0	9.4	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,300	1,680	1,625	6.4	6.7	6.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,290	630	660	2.5	2.5	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,250	21,340	22,910	86.0	85.7	86.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	51,460	24,900	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	50,335	24,310	26,020	97.8	97.6	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,075	4,710	4,370	17.6	18.9	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	41,255	19,600	21,655	80.2	78.7	81.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,125	590	535	2.2	2.4	2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	51,460	24,900	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	48,320	23,415	24,905	93.9	94.0	93.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,615	1,170	1,440	5.1	4.7	5.4
Before 1980	1,130	485	650	2.2	1.9	2.4
1980 to 1990	270	140	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
1991 to 2000	300	135	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	400	155	245	0.8	0.6	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	255	265	1.0	1.0	1.0
2011 to 2015	225	115	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	290	135	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	525	320	210	1.0	1.3	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,610	1,170	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	445	190	255	17.0	16.2	17.6
5 to 14 years	515	225	295	19.7	19.2	20.4
15 to 24 years	510	245	270	19.5	20.9	18.7
25 to 44 years	985	450	540	37.7	38.5	37.4
45 years and over	150	65	85	5.7	5.6	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,610	1,170	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	475	205	275	18.2	17.5	19.0
Brazil	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.0
Colombia	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mexico	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	20	1.5	1.7	1.4
United States of America	245	90	150	9.4	7.7	10.4
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	35	3.3	4.3	2.4
Europe	1,295	595	700	49.6	50.9	48.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Croatia	30	20	10	1.1	1.7	0.7
France	40	10	30	1.5	0.9	2.1
Germany	165	75	95	6.3	6.4	6.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Italy	245	125	115	9.4	10.7	8.0
Netherlands	70	35	35	2.7	3.0	2.4
Poland	55	25	30	2.1	2.1	2.1
Portugal	30	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.4
Romania	25	20	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	25	1.1	0.9	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.8	1.3	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400	200	200	15.3	17.1	13.8
Other places of birth in Europe	145	45	105	5.6	3.8	7.3
Africa	200	85	115	7.7	7.3	8.0
Algeria	25	10	15	1.0	0.9	1.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0.6	0.9	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	20	1.5	1.7	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	25	1.7	2.1	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	65	20	40	2.5	1.7	2.8
Asia	580	260	315	22.2	22.2	21.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	35	70	4.2	3.0	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	30	25	2.1	2.6	1.7
Viet Nam	50	20	35	1.9	1.7	2.4
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
India	130	65	65	5.0	5.6	4.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	10	1.1	1.3	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40	2.5	2.6	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	25	40	2.3	2.1	2.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	295	135	155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	50	50	32.2	37.0	32.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	5.1	7.4	6.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	20	10.2	11.1	12.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	0	6.8	11.1	0.0
Europe	20	15	0	6.8	11.1	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	3.4	7.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	60	30	30	20.3	22.2	19.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	25	15.3	18.5	16.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	105	35	65	35.6	25.9	41.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	6.8	7.4	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	3.4	0.0	6.5
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	3.4	7.4	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	3.4	7.4	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	51,455	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,600	1,735	1,865	7.0	7.0	7.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,345	2,685	2,660	10.4	10.8	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	42,510	20,475	22,035	82.6	82.2	83.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,480	690	795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	695	360	340	47.0	52.2	42.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	290	200	90	19.6	29.0	11.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	405	155	250	27.4	22.5	31.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	600	225	375	40.5	32.6	47.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	175	95	75	11.8	13.8	9.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,480	690	795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	25	15	2.7	3.6	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	190	90	110	12.8	13.0	13.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	45	45	5.7	6.5	5.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	85	55	9.5	12.3	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,010	445	560	68.2	64.5	70.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	51,455	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,245	1,165	1,075	4.4	4.7	4.0
South Asian	710	415	295	1.4	1.7	1.1
Chinese	260	100	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
Black	565	305	260	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	125	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	49,210	23,735	25,485	95.6	95.3	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	51,455	24,900	26,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,695	4,325	4,370	16.9	17.4	16.5
English	11,980	5,790	6,190	23.3	23.3	23.3
Irish	11,985	5,505	6,480	23.3	22.1	24.4
Scottish	9,880	4,710	5,175	19.2	18.9	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,245	5,905	6,340	23.8	23.7	23.9
German	5,585	2,600	2,995	10.9	10.4	11.3
Chinese	290	110	180	0.6	0.4	0.7
Italian	3,545	1,740	1,805	6.9	7.0	6.8
Indian (India)	430	255	175	0.8	1.0	0.7
Ukrainian	1,175	620	555	2.3	2.5	2.1
Dutch	1,430	685	750	2.8	2.8	2.8
Polish	1,530	725	810	3.0	2.9	3.1
Québécois	260	110	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,625	810	810	3.2	3.3	3.1
Filipino	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
French Canadian	2,265	965	1,300	4.4	3.9	4.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,980	985	990	3.8	4.0	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,980	940	1,035	3.8	3.8	3.9
Métis	1,890	925	965	3.7	3.7	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	665	315	350	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	295	150	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
Norwegian	370	175	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	925	440	480	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	300	160	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	475	240	230	0.9	1.0	0.9
Spanish	205	70	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swedish	675	295	385	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hungarian	300	170	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
Acadian	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Greek	245	110	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	390	190	190	0.8	0.8	0.7
Korean	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	145	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	185	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,000	475	520	1.9	1.9	2.0
Sikh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	330	160	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	165	55	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Finnish	705	320	385	1.4	1.3	1.4
Sri Lankan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	85	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	225	80	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	70	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	530	260	270	1.0	1.0	1.0
Newfoundlander	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	435	185	245	0.8	0.7	0.9
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	1,030	565	465	2.0	2.3	1.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	140	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	50	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	255	120	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	130	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	51,460	24,900	26,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	220	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	28,995	13,135	15,865	56.3	52.8	59.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,135	1,010	1,125	4.1	4.1	4.2
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,980	840	1,140	3.8	3.4	4.3
Baptist	370	180	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catholic	18,125	8,345	9,780	35.2	33.5	36.8
Christian Orthodox	170	95	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	125	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	325	165	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	575	255	320	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	520	225	295	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	2,835	1,120	1,710	5.5	4.5	6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,520	705	815	3.0	2.8	3.1
Hindu	240	160	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Jewish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	125	65	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	305	135	175	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	21,410	11,245	10,160	41.6	45.2	38.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	51,110	24,710	26,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,645	21,670	22,970	87.4	87.7	87.0
Movers	6,465	3,035	3,425	12.6	12.3	13.0
Non-migrants	3,945	1,875	2,070	7.7	7.6	7.8
Migrants	2,520	1,160	1,360	4.9	4.7	5.2
Internal migrants	2,325	1,040	1,285	4.5	4.2	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,065	895	1,170	4.0	3.6	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	265	145	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
External migrants	190	120	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	49,210	23,755	25,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	28,495	13,860	14,640	57.9	58.3	57.5
Movers	20,715	9,895	10,820	42.1	41.7	42.5
Non-migrants	10,735	5,110	5,630	21.8	21.5	22.1
Migrants	9,975	4,785	5,190	20.3	20.1	20.4
Internal migrants	9,235	4,360	4,880	18.8	18.4	19.2
Intraprovincial migrants	8,240	3,850	4,390	16.7	16.2	17.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,000	505	490	2.0	2.1	1.9
External migrants	745	430	315	1.5	1.8	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,885	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,510	4,495	4,010	19.4	21.4	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	35,380	16,510	18,865	80.6	78.6	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,895	13,020	13,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,195	1,870	1,325	11.9	14.4	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,700	11,155	12,550	88.1	85.7	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,890	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,405	3,870	3,535	16.9	18.4	15.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,985	6,005	5,980	27.3	28.6	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,495	11,135	13,360	55.8	53.0	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,990	7,505	8,485	36.4	35.7	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,760	1,980	780	6.3	9.4	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,430	905	525	3.3	4.3	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330	1,075	250	3.0	5.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,655	5,280	7,375	28.8	25.1	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	575	245	330	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,500	3,620	4,880	19.4	17.2	21.3
Bachelor's degree	6,090	2,560	3,530	13.9	12.2	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	600	230	370	1.4	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	120	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,360	565	795	3.1	2.7	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	150	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,890	13,025	13,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,730	1,625	1,100	10.2	12.5	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,430	3,510	2,925	23.9	26.9	21.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,730	7,890	9,845	65.9	60.6	71.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,360	5,305	6,060	42.2	40.7	43.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,635	1,175	455	6.1	9.0	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	865	535	330	3.2	4.1	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	770	640	130	2.9	4.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,365	3,940	5,425	34.8	30.2	39.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	190	180	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,370	2,580	3,790	23.7	19.8	27.3
Bachelor's degree	4,625	1,915	2,710	17.2	14.7	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420	155	270	1.6	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	985	340	645	3.7	2.6	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	95	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,885	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,390	9,880	9,515	44.2	47.0	41.6
Education	1,665	450	1,220	3.8	2.1	5.3
13. Education	1,665	450	1,220	3.8	2.1	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	860	405	455	2.0	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	800	345	450	1.8	1.6	2.0
Humanities	980	380	600	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	290	65	225	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	225	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,800	970	1,830	6.4	4.6	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	60	475	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	425	125	295	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	585	170	420	1.3	0.8	1.8
45. Social sciences	790	400	395	1.8	1.9	1.7
Business, management and public administration	4,840	1,625	3,215	11.0	7.7	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	840	160	685	1.9	0.8	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,985	1,455	2,530	9.1	6.9	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	670	330	345	1.5	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	125	195	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	115	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	760	520	240	1.7	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	435	180	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,395	4,095	300	10.0	19.5	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	560	495	60	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,120	1,000	120	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	995	955	45	2.3	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	985	970	10	2.2	4.6	0.0
48. Precision production	610	595	20	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485	280	205	1.1	1.3	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	55	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	220	65	0.7	1.0	0.3
Health and related fields	4,950	1,010	3,935	11.3	4.8	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	225	225	1.0	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,435	750	3,690	10.1	3.6	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,080	1,055	1,025	4.7	5.0	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	295	715	2.3	1.4	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	750	480	275	1.7	2.3	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	260	25	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,895	13,020	13,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,160	5,135	4,025	34.1	39.4	29.0
Education	980	235	740	3.6	1.8	5.3
13. Education	980	235	740	3.6	1.8	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	625	285	340	2.3	2.2	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	585	245	335	2.2	1.9	2.4
Humanities	650	240	420	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	215	50	170	0.8	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	55	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	160	85	80	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,170	730	1,440	8.1	5.6	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	125	120	0.9	1.0	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	40	375	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	335	100	235	1.2	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	430	125	305	1.6	1.0	2.2
45. Social sciences	605	290	315	2.2	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	3,625	1,205	2,425	13.5	9.3	17.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	640	110	530	2.4	0.8	3.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,970	1,085	1,885	11.0	8.3	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	475	210	270	1.8	1.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	85	150	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	55	70	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	60	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	635	450	185	2.4	3.5	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	535	395	135	2.0	3.0	1.0
25. Library science	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,995	2,745	250	11.1	21.1	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	110	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	430	375	55	1.6	2.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835	740	90	3.1	5.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	610	580	30	2.3	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	645	635	10	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	365	345	20	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	215	170	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	35	105	0.5	0.3	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	175	65	0.9	1.3	0.5
Health and related fields	3,620	785	2,835	13.5	6.0	20.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	180	150	1.2	1.4	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,250	590	2,660	12.1	4.5	19.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,575	800	775	5.9	6.1	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	735	220	515	2.7	1.7	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	610	370	240	2.3	2.8	1.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	200	20	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	26,895	13,020	13,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,160	5,135	4,025	34.1	39.4	29.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,730	7,885	9,845	65.9	60.6	71.0
Location of study inside Canada	16,810	7,390	9,415	62.5	56.8	67.9
Same as province or territory of residence	16,035	7,030	9,005	59.6	54.0	64.9
Different than province or territory of residence	780	360	415	2.9	2.8	3.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	925	495	430	3.4	3.8	3.1
Americas	340	195	150	1.3	1.5	1.1
United States of America	270	160	110	1.0	1.2	0.8
Mexico	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	165	105	60	0.6	0.8	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Africa	65	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	305	150	160	1.1	1.2	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	135	85	50	0.5	0.7	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	43,890	21,010	22,875	...	...	...
In the labour force	25,425	12,910	12,510	...	...	...
Employed	22,380	11,465	10,915	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,045	1,445	1,595	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,465	8,100	10,365	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.9	61.4	54.7	57.9	61.4	54.7
Employment rate	51.0	54.6	47.7	51.0	54.6	47.7
Unemployment rate	12.0	11.2	12.7	12.0	11.2	12.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	43,885	21,010	22,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,620	8,310	10,310	42.4	39.6	45.1
Worked	25,270	12,700	12,565	57.6	60.4	54.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,625	7,375	6,255	31.0	35.1	27.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,645	5,330	6,315	26.5	25.4	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.6	41.3	42.0	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	25,420	12,910	12,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720	365	355	2.8	2.8	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,705	12,545	12,155	97.2	97.2	97.2
Employee	22,010	10,945	11,065	86.6	84.8	88.4
Permanent position	18,680	9,285	9,395	73.5	71.9	75.1
Temporary position	3,330	1,665	1,670	13.1	12.9	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	955	475	480	3.8	3.7	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,375	1,190	1,190	9.3	9.2	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,690	1,600	1,090	10.6	12.4	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	25,420	12,910	12,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720	365	355	2.8	2.8	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,705	12,545	12,155	97.2	97.2	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	115	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,750	1,100	2,650	14.8	8.5	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,545	1,280	265	6.1	9.9	2.1
3 Health occupations	2,605	595	2,010	10.2	4.6	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,745	1,310	2,430	14.7	10.1	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	625	295	325	2.5	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	7,180	3,330	3,855	28.2	25.8	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,035	3,685	350	15.9	28.5	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	390	335	55	1.5	2.6	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	635	505	130	2.5	3.9	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	25,420	12,910	12,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	720	365	355	2.8	2.8	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	24,705	12,545	12,155	97.2	97.2	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	640	545	95	2.5	4.2	0.8
22 Utilities	225	185	40	0.9	1.4	0.3
23 Construction	1,515	1,320	190	6.0	10.2	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,050	820	225	4.1	6.4	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	465	365	100	1.8	2.8	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,525	1,805	1,720	13.9	14.0	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,375	1,040	335	5.4	8.1	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	415	250	165	1.6	1.9	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	565	185	375	2.2	1.4	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	405	215	190	1.6	1.7	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,300	725	575	5.1	5.6	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,270	675	600	5.0	5.2	4.8
61 Educational services	2,180	690	1,490	8.6	5.3	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	4,515	1,045	3,470	17.8	8.1	27.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375	185	190	1.5	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,835	790	1,045	7.2	6.1	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	920	460	460	3.6	3.6	3.7
91 Public administration	2,045	1,195	855	8.0	9.3	6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,175	13,670	13,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,385	12,585	11,800	89.7	92.1	87.4
French	300	65	240	1.1	0.5	1.8
Non-official language	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	2,315	950	1,370	8.5	6.9	10.1
English and non-official language(s)	125	45	75	0.5	0.3	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,175	13,670	13,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	26,765	13,500	13,265	98.5	98.8	98.2
Official languages	26,725	13,480	13,240	98.3	98.6	98.0
English	26,175	13,350	12,820	96.3	97.7	94.9
French	550	130	420	2.0	1.0	3.1
Non-official languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	410	170	240	1.5	1.2	1.8
English and French	380	155	225	1.4	1.1	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,175	13,670	13,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	25,135	12,830	12,305	92.5	93.9	91.1
English	255	70	185	0.9	0.5	1.4
French	1,685	725	965	6.2	5.3	7.1
Non-official language	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,380	11,465	10,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,185	1,840	2,345	18.7	16.0	21.5
Worked outside Canada	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,290	1,805	485	10.2	15.7	4.4
Usual place of work	15,880	7,800	8,080	71.0	68.0	74.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,880	7,800	8,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,570	7,060	7,510	91.8	90.5	92.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	390	170	225	2.5	2.2	2.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750	440	310	4.7	5.6	3.8
Commute to a different province or territory	170	130	35	1.1	1.7	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,170	9,605	8,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,600	8,300	7,305	85.9	86.4	85.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,055	7,635	6,420	77.4	79.5	75.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,550	665	885	8.5	6.9	10.3
Public transit	635	250	380	3.5	2.6	4.4
Walked	1,410	770	645	7.8	8.0	7.5
Bicycle	155	100	55	0.9	1.0	0.6
Other method	365	185	180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,170	9,605	8,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,910	5,490	5,425	60.0	57.2	63.3
15 to 29 minutes	5,315	2,835	2,475	29.3	29.5	28.9
30 to 44 minutes	1,035	640	395	5.7	6.7	4.6
45 to 59 minutes	375	230	140	2.1	2.4	1.6
60 minutes and over	540	410	125	3.0	4.3	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,170	9,605	8,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	845	515	330	4.7	5.4	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,980	1,760	1,220	16.4	18.3	14.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,380	3,110	2,270	29.6	32.4	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,480	1,845	2,635	24.7	19.2	30.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,855	925	925	10.2	9.6	10.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,635	1,455	1,180	14.5	15.1	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,355	4,800	4,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,940	1,515	1,425	31.4	31.6	31.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,415	3,280	3,135	68.6	68.3	68.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,905	3,555	3,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,275	1,175	1,100	32.9	33.1	32.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,520	765	755	22.0	21.5	22.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	755	410	345	10.9	11.5	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,630	2,385	2,250	67.1	67.1	67.1

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 10, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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