Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Clarington, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove Clarington, Municipality (MU), Census subdivision	Durham, Regional municipality (RM)More information: Ontario [Census division] Remove Durham, Regional municipality (RM), Census division	OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove Ontario, Province
	Counts	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,427	696,992	14,223,942
Population, 2016¹	92,013	645,862	13,448,494
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.2	7.9	5.8
Total private dwellings²	36,852	250,559	5,929,250
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,953	243,048	5,491,201
Population density per square kilometre	166.0	276.5	15.9
Land area in square kilometres	610.84	2,521.11	892,411.76
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,425	696,990	14,223,945
0 to 14 years	19,620	125,505	2,251,795
0 to 4 years	6,200	38,585	683,515
5 to 9 years	6,740	42,585	764,430
10 to 14 years	6,675	44,330	803,850
15 to 64 years	66,140	460,415	9,334,440
15 to 19 years	5,990	42,670	801,455
20 to 24 years	5,460	41,830	895,600
25 to 29 years	5,895	42,940	975,400
30 to 34 years	7,155	47,055	981,210
35 to 39 years	7,775	49,290	948,030
40 to 44 years	7,055	46,420	890,160
45 to 49 years	6,430	45,600	894,580
50 to 54 years	6,540	46,805	941,270
55 to 59 years	7,560	52,470	1,040,160
60 to 64 years	6,280	45,340	966,575
65 years and over	15,670	111,080	2,637,710
65 to 69 years	4,925	35,250	813,215
70 to 74 years	4,225	29,530	691,280
75 to 79 years	2,935	19,575	469,485
80 to 84 years	1,815	13,085	325,110
85 years and over	1,770	13,645	338,620
85 to 89 years	1,080	8,285	205,480
90 to 94 years	525	4,145	101,430
95 to 99 years	155	1,065	28,000
100 years and over	20	155	3,705
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	18.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.1	65.6
65 years and over	15.4	15.9	18.5
85 years and over	1.7	2.0	2.4
Average age of the population	39.6	40.2	41.8
Median age of the population	39.2	40.0	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,955	243,050	5,491,200
Single-detached house	27,945	160,785	2,942,990
Semi-detached house	1,075	12,915	303,260
Row house	3,125	27,300	505,265
Apartment or flat in a duplex	910	8,945	181,030
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,290	15,445	548,785
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	17,285	984,665
Other single-attached house	30	265	10,220
Movable dwelling⁴	65	120	14,985
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,950	243,045	5,491,205
1 person	6,540	47,095	1,452,540
2 persons	11,560	72,765	1,798,040
3 persons	6,580	44,830	872,480
4 persons	7,140	46,905	825,445
5 or more persons	4,130	31,445	542,700
Number of persons in private households	100,730	691,355	14,031,750
Average household size	2.8	2.8	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,810	571,490	11,972,145
Married or living common-law	51,000	332,030	6,769,725
Married	42,350	283,970	5,738,390
Living common-law	8,650	48,065	1,031,340
Living common law - Never married	5,840	32,635	727,825
Living common law - Separated	575	2,955	55,440
Living common law - Divorced	1,990	11,145	220,445
Living common law - Widowed	250	1,330	27,625
Not married and not living common-law	30,805	239,455	5,202,420
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,450	162,615	3,515,215
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,370	16,520	333,775
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,150	31,650	695,630
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,840	28,675	657,800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,835	199,370	3,969,670
2 persons	13,130	85,500	1,936,595
3 persons	6,885	47,295	877,660
4 persons	7,040	46,850	811,380
5 or more persons	2,775	19,730	344,035
Average size of census families	3.0	3.0	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,830	199,375	3,969,670
Total couple families	25,190	162,750	3,291,560
Married couples	20,870	138,725	2,776,165
With children⁶	12,665	87,355	1,571,480
Without children	8,200	51,370	1,204,680
Common-law couples	4,325	24,025	515,395
With children⁶	2,015	10,910	189,835
Without children	2,305	13,110	325,560
Total one-parent families	4,640	36,625	678,110
in which the parent is a woman+	3,535	28,895	538,450
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	7,730	139,660
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,730	691,360	14,031,750
Total - Persons in census families	89,725	605,060	11,601,460
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,385	325,500	6,583,120
Parents in one-parent families	4,640	36,625	678,110
Children⁶	34,700	242,940	4,340,235
In a two-parent family	27,295	184,525	3,281,460
In a one-parent family	7,400	58,410	1,058,775
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,005	86,295	2,430,295
Living alone	6,540	47,100	1,452,540
Living with other relatives⁷	2,310	20,070	388,780
Living with non-relatives only	2,160	19,125	588,970
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,955	243,050	5,491,200
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,285	161,205	3,347,195
Couple-family households	22,010	135,920	2,841,660
With children⁶	12,910	82,960	1,517,365
Without children	9,100	52,965	1,324,295
One-parent-family households	3,275	25,285	505,535
Multigenerational households⁸	1,740	14,600	221,120
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	2,700	45,215
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	9,960	184,430
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	815	7,480	240,700
One-person households	6,545	47,100	1,452,540
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,125	565,960	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,100	541,360	11,294,815
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	44,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,120	541,580	11,300,805
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	39,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,740	484,020	10,010,415
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	38,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,655	406,195	8,153,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	40,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,800	488,120	10,239,835
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	8,700	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,905	53,040	1,054,225
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,960	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,475	165,045	3,327,770
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,125	565,965	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,095	541,425	11,296,770
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	56,750	56,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,115	541,645	11,302,690
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	46,760	46,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,815	484,265	10,011,345
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	52,750	52,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,655	406,195	8,153,185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	52,400	52,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,990	488,100	10,242,610
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	10,610	10,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,830	53,310	1,052,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,130	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,295	164,140	3,321,155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	9,460	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,130	565,960	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,495	197,825	3,865,695
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	71,500	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,100	81,800	82,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,375	147,890	3,112,160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	17,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	27,960	28,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	83.2	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	69.2	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	16.8	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	5.7	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	5.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,130	565,965	11,782,845
Without total income	3,030	24,605	488,030
With total income	78,095	541,355	11,294,815
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,925	45,880	977,950
$10,000 to $19,999	8,200	62,155	1,383,475
$20,000 to $29,999	9,755	77,720	1,752,040
$30,000 to $39,999	8,480	62,180	1,388,215
$40,000 to $49,999	8,335	55,910	1,190,885
$50,000 to $59,999	7,315	47,610	985,270
$60,000 to $69,999	6,065	38,930	782,980
$70,000 to $79,999	5,145	32,155	612,620
$80,000 to $89,999	4,040	25,560	477,445
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	21,500	385,830
$100,000 and over	11,415	71,750	1,358,115
$100,000 to $149,999	8,170	50,360	897,615
$150,000 and over	3,245	21,395	460,495
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,130	565,965	11,782,845
Without after-tax income	3,005	24,380	482,035
With after-tax income	78,120	541,580	11,300,805
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,280	48,000	1,025,995
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	65,110	1,442,850
$20,000 to $29,999	11,080	87,680	1,967,040
$30,000 to $39,999	10,285	73,135	1,621,120
$40,000 to $49,999	10,070	66,050	1,384,490
$50,000 to $59,999	8,240	53,550	1,068,365
$60,000 to $69,999	6,405	40,665	782,135
$70,000 to $79,999	4,970	31,420	572,210
$80,000 to $89,999	4,300	26,030	457,650
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	15,710	280,640
$100,000 and over	5,290	34,225	698,310
$100,000 to $124,999	3,035	18,755	344,450
$125,000 and over	2,255	15,475	353,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,130	565,965	11,782,845
Without employment income	20,475	159,765	3,629,670
With employment income	60,650	406,195	8,153,175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,560	64,525	1,218,885
$5,000 to $9,999	4,340	32,670	688,670
$10,000 to $19,999	6,225	43,310	928,840
$20,000 to $29,999	4,440	31,245	696,570
$30,000 to $39,999	4,260	29,225	677,110
$40,000 to $49,999	4,555	30,785	672,005
$50,000 to $59,999	4,380	29,350	611,665
$60,000 to $69,999	4,070	26,585	519,955
$70,000 to $79,999	3,635	23,080	419,875
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	19,415	352,235
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	19,120	316,750
$100,000 and over	8,980	56,895	1,050,620
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	27,840	489,720
$125,000 and over	4,460	29,055	560,895
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,125	565,960	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,685	529,720	11,051,405
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	42,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,745	529,970	11,055,345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	38,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,130	479,005	9,877,245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	40,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,015	407,835	8,159,090
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	42,400	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,650	458,310	9,643,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360	2,200	2,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,340	38,060	723,990
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,760	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,125	565,965	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,680	530,065	11,053,285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	54,300	53,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,735	530,355	11,057,080
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	44,760	44,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,385	479,630	9,878,270
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	53,400	53,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,315	408,360	8,160,870
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	53,300	52,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,610	458,370	9,644,415
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	6,950	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	37,750	725,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	7,610	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,130	565,960	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,405	196,550	3,830,200
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	68,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	78,300	77,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,330	139,675	2,925,680
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	23,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920	34,520	34,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	89.0	88.4
Employment income (%)	76.0	75.6	72.4
Government transfers (%)	10.4	11.1	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,950	243,045	5,491,205
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	107,000	91,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	93,000	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,545	47,100	1,452,540
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	47,200	43,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	42,000	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,410	195,945	4,038,660
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	124,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	106,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,955	243,045	5,491,200
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,800	126,400	116,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,600	104,200	95,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,525	47,025	1,451,915
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,400	58,300	57,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,600	48,520	47,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,430	196,025	4,039,285
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,600	142,800	137,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,200	117,600	112,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,950	243,045	5,491,200
Under $5,000	150	1,410	61,515
$5,000 to $9,999	80	735	30,860
$10,000 to $14,999	165	1,750	63,360
$15,000 to $19,999	290	2,810	96,980
$20,000 to $24,999	505	5,055	186,250
$25,000 to $29,999	625	5,365	168,345
$30,000 to $34,999	620	5,100	158,810
$35,000 to $39,999	750	5,675	175,890
$40,000 to $44,999	845	6,455	182,900
$45,000 to $49,999	925	6,500	182,945
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	13,900	370,350
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	14,215	364,585
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	14,630	350,520
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	13,980	332,395
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	13,995	310,400
$100,000 and over	20,605	131,460	2,455,095
$100,000 to $124,999	5,090	31,945	662,625
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	26,625	500,495
$150,000 to $199,999	5,940	36,550	630,420
$200,000 and over	5,320	36,335	661,550
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,950	243,045	5,491,200
Under $5,000	185	1,645	69,645
$5,000 to $9,999	80	790	32,100
$10,000 to $14,999	180	1,805	65,025
$15,000 to $19,999	310	2,965	101,865
$20,000 to $24,999	540	5,410	197,995
$25,000 to $29,999	735	6,145	190,225
$30,000 to $34,999	740	5,880	183,505
$35,000 to $39,999	905	6,915	204,300
$40,000 to $44,999	1,110	7,670	215,785
$45,000 to $49,999	1,105	7,815	217,105
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365	16,745	440,280
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	17,515	430,860
$70,000 to $79,999	2,615	17,465	409,865
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	17,740	385,295
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	16,560	343,595
$100,000 and over	17,055	109,995	2,003,770
$100,000 to $124,999	5,730	35,760	685,485
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	26,665	472,130
$150,000 and over	6,950	47,560	846,155
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,890	191,290	3,875,790
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	123,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	106,000	96,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2	3.3	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,260	54,365	1,361,615
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	101,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	87,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,785	98,730	1,770,030
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	150,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	128,000	121,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	4.1	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,095	32,025	610,815
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	83,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	74,500	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	2.8	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,700	66,225	2,041,505
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	42,800	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	38,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,840	191,185	3,873,665
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,600	142,200	137,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,300	116,900	112,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,220	54,280	1,359,275
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	122,100	119,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	99,400	97,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,785	99,000	1,773,005
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600	168,400	168,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	137,400	136,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,110	31,625	607,780
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	94,300	87,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	82,200	76,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,695	66,195	2,039,230
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,950	53,650	51,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,950	45,000	43,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
0 to 17 years	23,210	151,220	2,726,265
0 to 5 years	7,560	46,975	831,185
18 to 64 years	62,390	433,335	8,795,220
65 years and over	15,125	106,805	2,510,270
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,835	45,800	1,420,525
0 to 17 years	1,235	12,215	314,150
0 to 5 years	355	3,990	102,930
18 to 64 years	2,625	24,950	803,215
65 years and over	980	8,635	303,160
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	6.6	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	8.1	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	8.5	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	5.8	9.1
65 years and over (%)	6.5	8.1	12.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,730	691,230	13,977,120
0 to 17 years	23,210	151,185	2,709,120
0 to 5 years	7,560	46,965	825,865
18 to 64 years	62,395	433,255	8,763,785
65 years and over	15,130	106,795	2,504,220
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,680	20,070	738,795
0 to 17 years	320	4,160	126,035
0 to 5 years	90	1,280	39,415
18 to 64 years	1,195	14,075	541,410
65 years and over	170	1,835	71,350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	2.9	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	2.8	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	2.7	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	3.3	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.7	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
In bottom half of the distribution	36,630	274,020	6,516,085
In bottom decile	4,275	41,730	1,318,120
In second decile	6,060	48,755	1,283,940
In third decile	7,300	55,645	1,292,030
In fourth decile	8,975	60,815	1,296,710
In fifth decile	10,020	67,080	1,325,280
In top half of the distribution	64,100	417,330	7,515,670
In sixth decile	11,095	71,895	1,365,960
In seventh decile	12,465	78,830	1,415,070
In eighth decile	13,585	86,580	1,482,300
In ninth decile	14,320	93,565	1,581,535
In top decile	12,635	86,465	1,670,800
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,730	691,360	14,031,755
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	0.307	0.357
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	0.410	0.470
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	0.266	0.308
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	3.4	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
English only	92,865	634,385	12,196,575
French only	70	580	39,310
English and French	7,565	50,385	1,519,365
Neither English nor French	450	7,630	344,545
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
English	98,875	673,370	13,179,535
French	1,405	9,345	484,425
English and French	245	2,875	98,270
Neither English nor French	425	7,385	337,560
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
Single responses	98,680	665,225	13,430,605
Official languages	89,295	539,875	9,642,770
English	87,875	530,800	9,179,655
French	1,425	9,080	463,120
Non-official languages	9,390	125,355	3,787,835
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	25	14,475
Algonquian languages	0	20	13,545
Blackfoot	0	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	10	2,815
Atikamekw	0	0	10
Cree languages	0	10	2,800
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	125
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	60
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	5	550
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	50
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	1,975
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	70
Mi'kmaq	0	5	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	10,645
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	35
Oji-Cree	0	0	4,240
Ojibway languages	0	5	6,365
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	280
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	65
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	6,000
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	510
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	5	505
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	5	270
Cayuga	0	0	35
Mohawk	0	5	190
Oneida	0	0	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	20
Salish languages	0	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	5
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	65
Non-Indigenous languages	9,380	125,330	3,773,365
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	6,225	310,765
Berber languages	0	10	855
Kabyle	0	10	580
Tamazight	0	0	215
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	60
Chadic languages	0	30	635
Hausa	0	25	560
Mina	0	0	70
Coptic	0	40	535
Cushitic languages	5	225	27,575
Bilen	0	0	930
Oromo	0	35	1,540
Somali	5	190	24,700
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	405
Semitic languages	400	5,920	281,160
Amharic	0	290	12,490
Arabic	345	5,075	214,230
Aramaic languages	10	90	24,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	60	15,665
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	25	7,480
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	5	960
Harari	5	65	970
Hebrew	10	75	11,630
Maltese	25	215	4,120
Tigrigna	0	105	13,360
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	255
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	1,120	84,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	85	7,065
Vietnamese	100	1,035	77,085
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	140
Austronesian languages	440	9,300	208,395
Bikol	0	20	685
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	80	2,735
Cebuano	10	260	5,900
Fijian	0	5	40
Hiligaynon	15	120	3,775
Ilocano	20	375	14,680
Indonesian	0	165	5,440
Kankanaey	0	0	375
Kinaray-a	0	5	275
Malagasy languages	0	10	125
Merina	0	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	5	95
Malay	0	30	540
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	110	1,910
Pangasinan	0	25	750
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	8,040	168,845
Waray-Waray	0	15	590
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	45	1,710
Creole languages	20	490	11,690
Haitian Creole	10	160	5,160
Jamaican English Creole	0	30	435
Krio	0	20	290
Morisyen	0	50	1,990
Sango	0	0	45
Creole, n.o.s.	10	165	2,690
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	65	1,080
Dravidian languages	1,180	18,230	185,145
Kannada	10	165	4,335
Malayalam	175	1,900	32,805
Tamil	910	14,755	126,640
Telugu	85	1,390	20,715
Tulu	0	15	415
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	235
Georgian	0	10	1,650
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	480
Indo-European languages	6,170	73,590	2,119,610
Albanian	40	355	20,720
Armenian	25	555	14,680
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	10,035	377,895
Baltic languages	25	200	7,425
Latvian	15	120	3,050
Lithuanian	5	75	4,370
Slavic languages	1,265	9,835	370,475
Belarusian	0	5	440
Bulgarian	5	180	8,565
Czech	25	260	9,060
Macedonian	110	1,540	13,620
Polish	625	3,665	106,275
Russian	155	1,545	104,310
Rusyn	0	0	225
Serbo-Croatian	125	1,110	77,145
Bosnian	5	75	7,140
Croatian	50	465	28,385
Serbian	60	565	40,465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	10	1,160
Slovak	25	225	8,675
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	250	5,520
Ukrainian	170	1,040	36,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	285
Celtic languages	5	35	795
Irish	0	5	225
Scottish Gaelic	5	15	170
Welsh	0	20	320
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	80
Germanic languages	1,000	5,370	167,265
Frisian	20	55	970
High German languages	450	3,065	102,915
German	435	3,005	89,075
Pennsylvania German	0	0	8,895
Swiss German	15	40	2,390
Yiddish	0	20	2,555
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	1,965	56,725
Afrikaans	25	130	2,865
Dutch	465	1,800	41,240
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	1,930
Low Saxon	0	5	440
Plautdietsch	0	0	8,610
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	35	1,630
Scandinavian languages	30	275	6,440
Danish	15	130	3,370
Icelandic	0	10	175
Norwegian	5	40	800
Swedish	10	95	2,090
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	15	225
Greek	155	2,240	47,970
Indo-Iranian languages	1,860	38,225	884,995
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	29,805	715,085
Assamese	0	25	325
Bengali	105	3,350	54,990
Gujarati	155	4,395	95,785
Hindi	180	3,430	87,035
Kacchi	5	270	3,880
Kashmiri	0	10	460
Konkani	10	100	2,595
Marathi	25	390	9,460
Nepali	5	120	12,430
Oriya languages	0	75	1,325
Odia	0	55	830
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	20	490
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	3,425	260,075
Rohingya	0	0	290
Sindhi	0	105	2,670
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	835	11,040
Urdu	575	13,175	170,955
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	100	1,760
Iranian languages	575	8,415	169,765
Baluchi	0	55	335
Kurdish	20	145	9,120
Parsi	5	20	330
Pashto	65	1,235	12,780
Persian languages	485	6,960	146,700
Dari	355	4,935	34,340
Iranian Persian	65	1,320	97,135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	705	15,230
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	495
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	145
Italic (Romance) languages	1,800	16,755	605,070
Catalan	0	5	285
Italian	580	5,210	194,125
Portuguese	465	3,580	153,750
Romanian	100	1,495	38,955
Spanish	655	6,450	217,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	25	710
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	10	205
Japanese	20	250	12,880
Korean	90	1,175	75,220
Mongolian	0	20	535
Niger-Congo languages	210	1,745	42,470
Akan (Twi)	35	315	9,325
Bamanankan	0	5	185
Edo	15	70	1,165
Éwé	10	25	485
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	30	480
Ga	0	15	510
Ganda	5	25	1,195
Gikuyu	0	15	460
Igbo	15	125	2,385
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	45	1,920
Lingala	5	45	825
Luba-Kasai	0	5	135
Mòoré	0	0	60
Mwani	0	35	345
Ndebele	0	35	335
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	50	2,705
Shona	5	95	1,580
Soninke	0	5	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	10	230
Swahili	20	195	6,445
Wojenaka	0	0	60
Wolof	10	35	460
Yoruba	50	435	7,335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	135	3,655
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	55	1,935
Dinka	0	0	325
Nuer	0	0	320
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	45	1,125
African, n.o.s.	0	10	165
Sign languages	20	155	2,775
American Sign Language	15	140	2,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	15	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	10,585	632,250
Chinese languages	425	10,505	621,980
Hakka	0	180	6,215
Mandarin	215	5,810	327,470
Min Dong	0	25	1,015
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	170	10,290
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	55	4,190
Yue (Cantonese)	185	4,155	267,425
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	100	5,080
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	10	300
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	75	10,000
Burmese	5	20	1,540
Kuki-Chin languages	0	5	440
Karenic languages	0	0	1,765
S'gaw Karen	0	0	1,530
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	235
Tibetan	10	50	5,785
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10	460
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	275
Tai-Kadai languages	20	195	8,265
Lao	5	60	4,570
Thai	10	135	3,535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	165
Turkic languages	25	525	32,270
Azerbaijani	0	55	2,870
Kazakh	0	0	255
Turkish	20	390	26,740
Uyghur	5	45	720
Uzbek	0	35	1,080
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	610
Uralic languages	210	1,625	42,270
Estonian	15	160	3,450
Finnish	40	235	7,650
Hungarian	160	1,230	31,170
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	20	460
Multiple responses	2,265	27,745	669,185
English and French	495	3,385	96,260
English and non-official language(s)	1,570	21,595	494,610
French and non-official language(s)	40	520	15,710
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	625	16,770
Multiple non-official languages	110	1,620	45,835
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
English	90,025	544,465	9,630,975
French	330	2,335	188,560
Non-official language	1,920	29,605	1,124,950
Indigenous³⁹	0	5	2,630
Non-Indigenous	1,920	29,600	1,122,315
English and French	1,225	8,230	274,675
English and non-official language(s)	6,980	101,535	2,647,980
French and non-official language(s)	15	275	14,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	3,945	117,430
Multiple non-official languages	135	2,590	101,145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
Single responses	99,240	665,005	13,384,695
Official languages	95,120	599,965	11,165,425
English	94,610	596,420	10,910,560
French	505	3,540	254,870
Non-official languages	4,125	65,045	2,219,265
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	5	5,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	5,430
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	1,230
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	1,220
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	135
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	1,015
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	20
Mi'kmaq	0	0	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	4,185
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	1,985
Ojibway languages	0	0	2,195
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	95
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	25
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	2,070
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	5
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	150
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	75
Cayuga	0	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	50
Oneida	0	0	15
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	15
Salish languages	0	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	4,125	65,035	2,213,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	2,970	181,660
Berber languages	0	0	365
Kabyle	0	0	220
Tamazight	0	0	100
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	45
Chadic languages	0	10	355
Hausa	0	10	325
Mina	0	0	30
Coptic	0	10	255
Cushitic languages	0	80	16,105
Bilen	0	0	800
Oromo	0	10	840
Somali	0	70	14,230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	230
Semitic languages	205	2,865	164,590
Amharic	0	110	6,405
Arabic	190	2,535	124,865
Aramaic languages	15	70	18,120
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	40	11,870
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	25	5,550
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	5	705
Harari	0	30	515
Hebrew	0	15	4,925
Maltese	0	40	770
Tigrigna	0	55	8,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	120
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	635	55,990
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	35	3,855
Vietnamese	70	595	52,080
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	55
Austronesian languages	150	4,060	115,225
Bikol	0	10	255
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	20	1,355
Cebuano	0	130	3,140
Fijian	0	0	20
Hiligaynon	5	60	1,960
Ilocano	15	135	8,105
Indonesian	0	65	1,990
Kankanaey	0	0	210
Kinaray-a	0	0	110
Malagasy languages	0	0	45
Merina	0	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	35
Malay	0	5	130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	65	990
Pangasinan	0	0	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	3,550	95,635
Waray-Waray	0	5	230
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	20	785
Creole languages	10	235	6,165
Haitian Creole	0	90	2,640
Jamaican English Creole	0	15	195
Krio	0	0	140
Morisyen	0	30	1,425
Sango	0	0	30
Creole, n.o.s.	5	75	1,325
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	20	420
Dravidian languages	935	12,735	129,245
Kannada	5	80	2,165
Malayalam	140	1,225	20,855
Tamil	710	10,590	93,165
Telugu	70	835	12,805
Tulu	0	5	145
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	110
Georgian	0	0	1,040
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	185
Indo-European languages	2,260	34,775	1,136,460
Albanian	25	175	9,880
Armenian	5	265	8,590
Balto-Slavic languages	400	3,515	181,290
Baltic languages	5	20	1,640
Latvian	5	15	535
Lithuanian	0	10	1,105
Slavic languages	395	3,485	179,650
Belarusian	0	0	145
Bulgarian	0	70	4,100
Czech	5	50	2,555
Macedonian	35	535	5,535
Polish	210	1,345	45,800
Russian	80	825	66,045
Rusyn	0	0	120
Serbo-Croatian	30	345	35,980
Bosnian	0	15	3,450
Croatian	15	100	9,990
Serbian	15	225	22,145
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	400
Slovak	0	65	3,070
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	30	1,000
Ukrainian	25	220	15,235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	65
Celtic languages	0	5	140
Irish	0	0	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	25
Welsh	0	5	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Germanic languages	55	365	40,600
Frisian	0	0	85
High German languages	30	215	28,670
German	25	220	20,680
Pennsylvania German	0	0	7,180
Swiss German	0	5	560
Yiddish	0	0	250
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	125	11,190
Afrikaans	5	40	1,175
Dutch	15	90	4,055
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	1,265
Low Saxon	0	0	185
Plautdietsch	0	0	4,415
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	95
Scandinavian languages	0	15	620
Danish	0	0	210
Icelandic	0	5	30
Norwegian	0	0	70
Swedish	0	15	310
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	40
Greek	40	620	19,065
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	23,735	601,605
Indo-Aryan languages	825	18,630	487,535
Assamese	0	10	145
Bengali	70	2,070	34,830
Gujarati	105	2,760	63,145
Hindi	115	2,020	52,420
Kacchi	0	90	1,655
Kashmiri	0	0	145
Konkani	0	35	640
Marathi	10	205	4,975
Nepali	0	60	8,910
Oriya languages	0	35	655
Odia	0	25	420
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	10	230
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	2,130	198,670
Rohingya	0	0	220
Sindhi	0	55	1,390
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	380	5,795
Urdu	395	8,730	113,020
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	40	930
Iranian languages	320	5,100	114,005
Baluchi	0	20	195
Kurdish	15	75	5,560
Parsi	0	10	170
Pashto	30	755	8,670
Persian languages	265	4,235	99,095
Dari	200	2,955	21,150
Iranian Persian	30	760	67,320
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	525	10,625
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	310
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	65
Italic (Romance) languages	585	6,095	275,210
Catalan	0	0	105
Italian	85	1,030	58,670
Portuguese	165	1,290	74,745
Romanian	30	685	17,755
Spanish	305	3,085	123,690
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	240
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	90
Japanese	0	90	5,875
Korean	55	745	53,585
Mongolian	0	10	290
Niger-Congo languages	65	525	16,065
Akan (Twi)	20	150	4,370
Bamanankan	0	0	80
Edo	0	20	270
Éwé	0	5	120
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	10	220
Ga	0	5	170
Ganda	0	0	345
Gikuyu	0	0	70
Igbo	0	25	660
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	775
Lingala	0	10	330
Luba-Kasai	0	0	35
Mòoré	0	0	10
Mwani	0	5	80
Ndebele	0	10	115
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	25	1,375
Shona	0	10	450
Soninke	0	0	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5	55
Swahili	5	65	2,775
Wojenaka	0	0	35
Wolof	5	10	165
Yoruba	15	140	2,640
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	20	835
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	35	820
Dinka	0	0	125
Nuer	0	0	185
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	30	460
African, n.o.s.	0	0	45
Sign languages	25	255	5,010
American Sign Language	25	205	3,920
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	50	1,035
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	7,195	469,325
Chinese languages	255	7,155	461,870
Hakka	0	55	2,540
Mandarin	150	4,440	253,860
Min Dong	0	10	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	75	4,890
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	35	2,765
Yue (Cantonese)	95	2,505	193,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	35	3,090
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	110
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	35	7,310
Burmese	0	10	960
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	305
Karenic languages	0	0	1,275
S'gaw Karen	0	0	1,105
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	170
Tibetan	5	25	4,540
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	225
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	145
Tai-Kadai languages	5	70	3,995
Lao	0	25	2,395
Thai	0	50	1,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	85
Turkic languages	10	275	19,965
Azerbaijani	0	25	1,445
Kazakh	0	0	40
Turkish	0	210	17,160
Uyghur	0	35	490
Uzbek	0	0	580
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	250
Uralic languages	50	435	12,465
Estonian	0	15	485
Finnish	0	25	1,140
Hungarian	50	395	10,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	195
Multiple responses	1,710	27,970	715,095
English and French	200	1,805	59,725
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	25,155	624,265
French and non-official language(s)	10	150	6,475
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	465	12,185
Multiple non-official languages	15	395	12,445
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,950	692,975	14,099,790
None	93,705	599,265	11,528,735
English	1,985	29,315	903,960
French	925	6,475	189,420
Non-official language	3,485	45,735	1,136,770
Indigenous³⁹	5	45	9,310
Non-Indigenous	3,480	45,690	1,127,465
English and French	40	435	16,580
English and non-official language(s)	225	4,515	140,865
French and non-official language(s)	165	1,860	52,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	60	2,920
Multiple non-official languages	410	5,320	127,975
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
Official languages	100,280	683,725	13,688,615
English	100,225	683,115	13,650,230
French	7,600	50,985	1,550,545
Non-official languages	13,750	178,480	5,058,180
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	100	29,850
Algonquian languages	10	70	26,775
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	15	5,205
Atikamekw	0	0	15
Cree languages	0	15	5,155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	335
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	200
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	1,165
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	135
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	95
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	3,340
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	20
Naskapi	0	0	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	295
Mi'kmaq	0	0	250
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	50	21,560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	135
Oji-Cree	0	0	6,260
Ojibway languages	0	50	15,530
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10	1,295
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	210
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	115
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	40	14,155
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	95
Athabaskan languages	0	0	115
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	105
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	50
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	25
Tlingit	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	15	1,000
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	25
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	15	970
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Iroquoian languages	10	15	1,625
Cayuga	0	0	210
Mohawk	10	15	1,220
Oneida	0	0	210
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	35
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	135
Salish languages	0	0	65
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	25
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	20
Siouan languages	0	0	65
Assiniboine	0	0	20
Dakota	0	0	15
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	30
Tsimshian languages	0	0	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	20
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	20
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	70
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	245
Non-Indigenous languages	13,730	178,400	5,029,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	10,480	481,620
Berber languages	0	50	1,570
Kabyle	0	35	950
Tamazight	0	15	475
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	215
Chadic languages	0	90	2,210
Hausa	0	90	2,005
Mina	0	0	200
Coptic	0	110	2,130
Cushitic languages	0	290	41,520
Bilen	0	0	1,335
Oromo	0	75	2,950
Somali	0	225	36,825
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	815
Semitic languages	765	10,170	443,215
Amharic	0	485	22,815
Arabic	650	8,800	342,860
Aramaic languages	25	190	33,950
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	125	21,640
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	50	11,170
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	15	1,685
Harari	0	185	1,610
Hebrew	40	295	47,380
Maltese	50	365	6,055
Tigrigna	0	160	19,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	20	685
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	1,505	115,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	200	10,085
Vietnamese	170	1,305	105,800
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	275
Austronesian languages	630	13,000	292,100
Bikol	0	70	1,345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	105	3,410
Cebuano	45	470	11,100
Fijian	0	0	210
Hiligaynon	35	190	6,435
Ilocano	20	665	26,205
Indonesian	0	220	8,175
Kankanaey	0	0	620
Kinaray-a	0	0	310
Malagasy languages	0	0	270
Merina	0	0	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	235
Malay	0	165	4,370
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	195	3,390
Pangasinan	0	45	1,610
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	605	12,300	271,450
Waray-Waray	0	50	1,810
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	280	6,850
Creole languages	250	2,305	36,585
Haitian Creole	45	490	14,220
Jamaican English Creole	25	370	3,385
Krio	0	30	650
Morisyen	0	255	5,645
Sango	0	0	270
Creole, n.o.s.	160	890	10,235
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	335	4,065
Dravidian languages	1,705	26,565	272,060
Kannada	25	680	12,930
Malayalam	200	2,930	48,025
Tamil	1,390	21,980	192,890
Telugu	190	2,470	38,190
Tulu	0	20	1,225
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	15	685
Georgian	0	15	2,170
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	555
Indo-European languages	8,795	107,490	2,941,400
Albanian	65	560	26,725
Armenian	50	785	19,610
Balto-Slavic languages	1,385	12,410	470,080
Baltic languages	40	265	9,715
Latvian	30	190	4,215
Lithuanian	10	80	5,520
Slavic languages	1,355	12,185	462,520
Belarusian	0	30	1,630
Bulgarian	15	315	11,310
Czech	45	400	13,130
Macedonian	145	2,500	21,070
Polish	695	4,240	134,980
Russian	160	2,330	155,340
Rusyn	0	25	295
Serbo-Croatian	150	1,470	102,885
Bosnian	15	60	13,895
Croatian	60	765	48,075
Serbian	85	835	58,045
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	15	1,850
Slovak	40	295	11,725
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	375	7,235
Ukrainian	155	1,465	58,355
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15	500
Celtic languages	50	170	4,115
Irish	20	50	2,345
Scottish Gaelic	20	55	715
Welsh	0	40	810
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	25	285
Germanic languages	1,455	8,630	257,270
Frisian	45	80	1,750
High German languages	845	5,405	175,485
German	830	5,345	158,120
Pennsylvania German	0	0	10,370
Swiss German	30	70	3,485
Yiddish	0	20	6,100
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	2,870	78,435
Afrikaans	15	370	9,255
Dutch	555	2,485	55,040
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	2,185
Low Saxon	0	0	595
Plautdietsch	0	0	10,245
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	50	2,040
Scandinavian languages	65	565	12,565
Danish	25	185	5,175
Icelandic	0	25	390
Norwegian	0	130	2,385
Swedish	40	270	5,340
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	20	480
Greek	305	3,915	76,320
Indo-Iranian languages	2,955	57,525	1,244,895
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	48,445	1,049,480
Assamese	0	80	725
Bengali	80	5,000	76,980
Gujarati	260	6,360	143,240
Hindi	810	17,510	436,125
Kacchi	15	435	8,140
Kashmiri	0	55	1,085
Konkani	25	270	6,745
Marathi	55	1,095	24,775
Nepali	0	230	17,110
Oriya languages	0	170	2,545
Odia	0	120	1,430
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	50	1,130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	8,250	397,865
Rohingya	0	0	370
Sindhi	0	235	5,595
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	1,965	21,630
Urdu	1,105	22,605	295,175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	315	5,965
Iranian languages	815	10,615	210,370
Baluchi	0	145	520
Kurdish	20	155	13,870
Parsi	25	25	525
Pashto	110	1,625	20,790
Persian languages	735	9,570	183,830
Dari	485	6,965	47,640
Iranian Persian	120	1,760	122,305
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	1,000	16,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	25	1,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35	1,300
Italic (Romance) languages	2,780	25,880	922,975
Catalan	0	20	770
Italian	955	8,170	312,800
Portuguese	565	4,920	208,575
Romanian	125	1,940	48,315
Spanish	1,185	11,875	401,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	90	2,355
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	910
Japanese	45	675	30,705
Korean	135	1,715	90,475
Mongolian	0	15	745
Niger-Congo languages	625	5,220	106,850
Akan (Twi)	60	800	17,570
Bamanankan	0	20	760
Edo	15	160	3,210
Éwé	10	45	1,195
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	50	1,010
Ga	0	85	1,870
Ganda	0	80	2,760
Gikuyu	15	75	1,080
Igbo	65	520	8,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	120	4,020
Lingala	70	535	7,315
Luba-Kasai	0	65	1,050
Mòoré	0	0	235
Mwani	0	75	520
Ndebele	0	70	855
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	100	4,895
Shona	15	170	3,040
Soninke	0	20	290
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	40	630
Swahili	105	970	24,360
Wojenaka	0	0	260
Wolof	0	90	1,495
Yoruba	200	1,385	24,375
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	630	12,825
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	65	3,210
Dinka	0	0	470
Nuer	0	0	585
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	65	2,155
African, n.o.s.	0	15	835
Sign languages	150	1,055	18,990
American Sign Language	145	955	16,685
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	380
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	115	2,600
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	13,125	747,160
Chinese languages	640	12,995	734,190
Hakka	0	230	8,760
Mandarin	310	8,600	467,415
Min Dong	0	55	1,450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	375	18,020
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	120	6,720
Yue (Cantonese)	365	5,560	352,135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	55	5,200
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	15	515
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	120	13,135
Burmese	0	30	2,570
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	600
Karenic languages	0	0	2,255
S'gaw Karen	0	0	1,970
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	385
Tibetan	45	75	7,475
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	980
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	565
Tai-Kadai languages	20	285	12,655
Lao	10	115	7,370
Thai	15	210	6,200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	335
Turkic languages	35	830	52,195
Azerbaijani	0	55	5,910
Kazakh	0	0	710
Turkish	20	660	44,815
Uyghur	0	70	825
Uzbek	0	50	2,095
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	1,075
Uralic languages	205	1,900	52,025
Estonian	35	160	4,010
Finnish	40	315	9,455
Hungarian	135	1,425	38,690
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	140	2,145
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	691,360	14,031,750
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,635	13,795	406,585
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,420	12,945	389,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,330	7,385	251,030
Métis	1,030	5,295	134,615
Inuk (Inuit)	65	265	4,310
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	420	7,115
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	425	9,515
Non-Indigenous identity	98,095	677,560	13,625,165
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	691,360	14,031,750
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	645	3,410	172,535
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,080	687,945	13,859,215
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
Owner	30,800	190,935	3,755,720
Renter	5,150	52,085	1,724,970
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	25	10,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
Condominium	2,665	21,115	822,780
Not condominium	33,285	221,935	4,668,425
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
No bedrooms	75	905	48,740
1 bedroom	1,875	16,110	769,570
2 bedrooms	5,080	34,695	1,205,540
3 bedrooms	16,175	97,975	1,918,935
4 or more bedrooms	12,750	93,365	1,548,420
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
1 to 4 rooms	4,510	39,915	1,579,320
5 rooms	4,880	33,370	775,580
6 rooms	6,375	39,845	791,100
7 rooms	6,055	38,160	708,205
8 or more rooms	14,125	91,755	1,636,990
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	6.9	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
One person or fewer per room	35,620	238,405	5,328,575
More than one person per room	330	4,645	162,625
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
Suitable	34,800	230,685	5,122,185
Not suitable	1,150	12,360	369,015
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
1960 or before	4,495	34,065	1,247,430
1961 to 1980	5,240	56,580	1,456,110
1981 to 1990	6,195	42,750	711,940
1991 to 2000	6,750	35,900	644,080
2001 to 2005	3,390	22,100	385,045
2006 to 2010	3,155	19,610	348,760
2011 to 2015	3,205	15,175	328,735
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,520	16,865	369,095
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,750	232,485	5,177,155
Major repairs needed	1,205	10,565	314,050
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
One-maintainer household	14,635	105,160	2,677,880
Two-maintainer household	19,730	122,625	2,506,110
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,590	15,260	307,210
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,950	243,050	5,491,200
15 to 24 years	190	2,230	126,385
25 to 34 years	4,625	26,975	727,305
35 to 44 years	7,615	46,830	930,410
45 to 54 years	7,045	50,215	1,013,210
55 to 64 years	7,650	54,450	1,149,345
65 to 74 years	5,070	36,215	876,960
75 to 84 years	2,820	18,830	481,250
85 years and over	935	7,305	186,330
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,665	241,425	5,415,420
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,020	184,955	4,103,320
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,645	56,475	1,312,095
30% to less than 100%	6,170	52,085	1,169,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,950	243,050	5,491,205
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,455	73,105	1,802,285
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,180	51,160	1,150,405
Not suitable only	925	9,330	262,900
Major repairs needed only	815	6,540	201,870
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	2,055	74,930
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	3,050	80,990
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	770	25,420
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	205	5,765
Acceptable housing	27,495	169,940	3,688,915
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,190	237,040	5,272,360
In core need	2,635	25,165	639,805
Not in core need	32,555	211,875	4,632,550
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,610	190,115	3,718,255
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.6	67.5	59.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	18.7	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	6.1	6.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	1,860	1,440
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,810	1,922	1,700
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	800,000	700,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	772,000	833,000	807,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,135	51,995	1,722,000
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	11.9	13.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.6	40.6	38.4
% in core housing need⁶³	23.9	27.6	24.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	1,410	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	1,506	1,408
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	25	10,510
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	60.0	8.7
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	765	324
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	850	380
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	715	3,530	169,090
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	695	3,465	166,095
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	380	2,340	136,445
Métis single ancestry	305	1,075	27,835
Inuit single ancestry	10	50	1,810
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	70	3,000
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	70	2,660
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	175
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,365	15,770	351,395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,275	15,370	342,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	11,180	246,415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	780	4,025	93,245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	165	3,325
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	405	8,405
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	360	7,595
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	15	535
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	20	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	60
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,645	672,050	13,511,270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,585	650,450	12,633,260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,915	146,255	2,554,125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,670	504,195	10,079,140
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,140	40,910	1,398,490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,010	498,755	9,437,320
Immigrants⁸¹	15,305	186,460	4,206,585
Before 1980	5,185	45,325	860,305
1980 to 1990	1,925	23,210	506,195
1991 to 2000	2,595	39,320	852,765
2001 to 2010	2,815	41,365	941,630
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,795	37,240	1,045,695
2011 to 2015	1,365	17,565	461,010
2016 to 2021	1,430	19,675	584,680
Non-permanent residents⁸³	410	6,140	387,850
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,305	186,460	4,206,585
Under 5 years	1,960	18,920	375,395
5 to 14 years	3,385	37,305	734,680
15 to 24 years	3,465	39,745	840,165
25 to 44 years	5,660	77,250	1,851,675
45 years and over	845	13,245	404,670
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,305	186,460	4,206,585
Americas	3,050	43,565	629,550
Brazil	105	810	23,125
Colombia	110	795	32,520
El Salvador	40	500	21,780
Guyana	460	8,685	77,635
Haiti	35	455	11,375
Jamaica	875	13,880	122,770
Mexico	70	730	33,380
Peru	30	355	11,455
Trinidad and Tobago	365	5,970	52,750
United States of America	430	4,150	111,390
Other places of birth in Americas	535	7,235	131,370
Europe	6,180	42,190	1,049,725
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	165	21,150
Croatia	55	440	24,270
France	50	430	15,240
Germany	370	2,670	54,275
Greece	110	1,320	31,650
Hungary	55	635	18,530
Italy	400	3,300	135,640
Netherlands	525	1,905	39,490
Poland	485	2,885	88,785
Portugal	225	1,980	95,490
Romania	110	1,650	40,475
Russian Federation	45	705	44,165
Serbia⁸⁶	80	450	22,295
Ukraine	70	775	43,070
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,990	17,660	239,485
Other places of birth in Europe	600	5,225	135,725
Africa	970	11,215	287,920
Algeria	35	100	4,355
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	625	10,220
Egypt	85	1,480	39,345
Eritrea	0	115	14,200
Ethiopia	15	500	19,415
Morocco	10	235	8,105
Nigeria	290	2,300	37,420
Somalia	0	175	20,335
South Africa, Republic of	85	910	21,540
Other places of birth in Africa	380	4,775	112,985
Asia	5,050	88,905	2,225,590
Afghanistan	405	5,265	38,580
Iran⁸⁸	110	1,515	103,795
Iraq	90	880	63,255
Lebanon	45	1,220	38,170
Syria⁸⁹	0	725	45,685
Turkey	0	295	20,795
China⁹⁰	330	6,665	355,955
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	1,490	108,480
Korea, South⁹²	100	1,155	62,750
Taiwan	0	270	18,105
Philippines	650	12,735	268,580
Viet Nam	125	1,175	86,315
Bangladesh	35	3,040	46,260
India	1,150	21,010	495,750
Pakistan	665	12,350	165,530
Sri Lanka	845	13,430	112,730
Other places of birth in Asia	410	5,695	194,855
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	595	13,810
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,425	19,675	584,680
Americas	260	2,985	68,450
Brazil	50	290	8,725
Colombia	25	50	4,260
Haiti	0	35	1,550
Jamaica	65	905	9,970
Mexico	15	145	5,810
United States of America	60	650	17,945
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	70	3,400
Other places of birth in Americas	45	835	16,795
Europe	110	1,025	47,295
France	0	65	3,225
Germany	0	30	1,685
Ireland⁹⁶	0	55	2,225
Italy	0	25	1,770
Russian Federation	0	75	5,150
Ukraine	0	95	6,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	290	8,000
Other places of birth in Europe	55	380	19,200
Africa	165	1,790	64,910
Algeria	0	0	1,130
Burundi	0	0	1,790
Cameroon	15	75	1,585
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	120	2,275
Côte d'Ivoire	0	10	1,085
Egypt	0	155	6,370
Eritrea	0	35	7,145
Ethiopia	0	45	3,480
Morocco	0	40	1,890
Nigeria	125	950	16,570
Somalia	0	30	3,345
South Africa, Republic of	0	40	2,915
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	2,095
Tunisia	0	0	820
Other places of birth in Africa	25	280	12,405
Asia	880	13,800	401,940
Afghanistan	15	725	7,225
Bangladesh	10	485	7,710
China⁹⁰	40	1,060	54,645
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	75	2,620
India	490	6,670	139,660
Iran⁸⁸	10	90	13,215
Iraq	0	125	12,940
Israel	0	30	2,270
Japan	0	45	1,460
Jordan	0	60	2,610
Korea, South⁹²	0	115	6,935
Lebanon	0	85	4,365
Nepal	0	10	2,445
Pakistan	80	1,295	23,970
Philippines	90	1,185	45,235
Saudi Arabia	10	130	6,110
Sri Lanka	45	625	5,895
Syria⁸⁹	0	415	30,180
Turkey	0	60	7,060
United Arab Emirates	0	175	5,310
Viet Nam	0	70	6,020
Other places of birth in Asia	40	255	14,075
Oceania and other⁹³	10	80	2,090
Australia	10	40	1,620
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	35	470
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,380	197,580	4,725,795
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,425	181,835	3,180,170
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,925	311,940	6,125,785
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,125	141,135	3,346,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,480	66,145	1,669,195
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,720	26,150	697,905
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,760	39,995	971,295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,630	49,875	1,037,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,855	23,040	587,735
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	160	2,075	51,675
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,125	141,135	3,346,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	880	12,525	262,835
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	13,320	289,330
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	2,785	79,320
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580	6,170	179,715
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	725	19,030
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,400	105,605	2,516,055
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,730	691,355	14,031,750
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,615	251,305	4,817,360
South Asian	4,970	92,315	1,515,295
Chinese	895	16,270	820,245
Black	5,255	66,035	768,740
Filipino	1,165	20,070	363,650
Arab	570	7,405	284,215
Latin American	740	8,105	249,190
Southeast Asian	380	3,295	167,845
West Asian	690	10,960	212,185
Korean	140	1,900	99,425
Japanese	180	1,375	31,420
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	800	10,800	124,120
Multiple visible minorities	825	12,780	181,025
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,115	440,045	9,214,395
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,730	691,355	14,031,755
Canadian	19,325	99,980	1,621,655
English	27,955	141,920	2,347,685
Irish	21,245	112,110	1,999,985
Scottish	21,740	111,250	1,937,010
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,140	36,695	1,039,385
German	8,085	42,860	1,058,075
Chinese	1,320	20,550	821,835
Italian	5,320	35,605	905,105
Indian (India)	2,450	41,035	764,435
Ukrainian	3,025	15,970	342,260
Dutch	5,855	23,010	478,860
Polish	3,535	18,905	461,090
Québécois	165	910	28,035
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,490	30,000	462,995
Filipino	1,165	20,865	355,680
French Canadian	1,400	7,720	199,845
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,175	10,010	221,315
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,230	5,885	160,660
Métis	1,195	5,550	131,780
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,360	8,330	182,785
Russian	605	5,085	187,460
Norwegian	440	2,675	62,840
Welsh	2,390	11,910	188,980
Portuguese	1,595	13,660	300,600
American	890	6,110	129,750
Spanish	690	7,565	143,840
Swedish	620	2,570	68,260
Hungarian	1,025	6,250	149,040
Acadian	315	1,805	34,125
Pakistani	940	16,305	212,650
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	11,815	149,265
Jewish	290	2,535	155,180
Punjabi	85	2,605	119,085
Vietnamese	225	2,020	122,735
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	195	3,470	110,250
Greek	995	9,445	143,065
Jamaican	2,050	24,315	201,945
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	4,570	110,750
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	565	20,025
Korean	145	1,970	100,025
Romanian	430	3,375	86,435
Lebanese	265	2,670	80,345
Iranian	115	1,940	109,410
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	260	2,950	73,665
Danish	470	2,660	52,170
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	560	2,430	61,790
Sikh	60	1,080	77,805
Austrian	605	3,570	63,920
Belgian	480	1,840	56,860
Haitian	150	895	17,930
Hindu	260	6,130	106,970
Mexican	170	1,505	54,725
Mennonite	40	320	38,095
Swiss	520	1,860	56,510
Finnish	655	2,995	76,275
Sri Lankan	905	13,340	105,765
Croatian	285	2,020	79,240
Japanese	190	1,825	42,250
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	215	5,880	83,435
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	1,620	21,650
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	390	1,540	31,395
Muslim	195	3,645	62,780
Egyptian	120	2,265	54,210
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	2,080	48,595
Tamil	530	10,260	86,580
Icelandic	155	715	13,915
Colombian	135	930	39,420
Moroccan	30	390	12,300
Czech	370	1,620	39,400
Syrian	65	1,210	42,525
Guyanese	755	11,415	85,455
Afghan	685	8,770	61,255
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	440	6,195	59,655
Serbian	235	1,260	64,415
Ojibway	165	1,090	52,770
Newfoundlander	430	2,605	29,950
Hong Konger	60	645	41,120
Ontarian	755	3,560	64,245
Persian	60	1,135	46,445
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	635	7,815	59,110
Turkish	30	1,070	43,555
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	250	6,160
Bangladeshi	0	3,230	47,195
Algerian	20	95	4,970
Brazilian	170	1,065	33,905
Nigerian	250	2,080	36,750
Armenian	90	1,330	30,860
Slovak	275	1,420	37,165
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	980	32,880
Somali	0	415	41,640
Taiwanese	0	375	17,960
Iraqi	50	645	42,980
Salvadorean	60	655	24,740
African Caribbean	335	5,965	43,475
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	1,135	32,785
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	1,210	38,000
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	300	4,720	39,165
Algonquin	115	550	20,910
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	430	4,925	42,575
Lithuanian	130	1,045	29,870
South African	225	1,340	21,965
Australian	170	780	14,775
Palestinian	195	1,115	30,365
Chilean	85	705	14,370
Congolese	80	720	12,815
Nova Scotian	135	790	10,195
Ethiopian	45	795	20,625
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	815	22,825
Peruvian	55	600	15,260
Yoruba	140	1,045	19,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	340	15,155
Berber	0	90	3,055
Albanian	75	645	29,575
Maltese	445	2,425	33,825
Macedonian	420	4,270	35,925
Slovenian	140	1,235	25,085
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	630	13,170
New Brunswicker	75	480	5,865
Gujarati	50	1,125	25,995
Eritrean	0	195	17,165
African Canadian	150	2,310	20,025
Israeli	45	420	20,570
Mohawk	270	915	20,595
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	560	12,115
Bulgarian	65	495	15,900
Albertan	0	40	1,185
Ghanaian	50	955	20,935
Barbadian	215	3,075	21,205
African American	70	1,285	16,380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	815	16,400
Tunisian	0	30	2,430
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	550	15,800
Cuban	100	950	14,785
Bosnian	0	135	16,065
Venezuelan	85	680	12,885
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	35	1,010
Latvian	185	815	16,070
Bengali	45	905	16,665
Cameroonian	90	420	4,295
Guatemalan	75	490	10,175
Indonesian	65	490	10,645
Laotian	30	145	10,870
Ilocano	10	330	10,560
Northern Irish	230	1,320	14,875
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	565	10,135
British Columbian	0	30	1,020
Ecuadorian	50	645	18,835
Franco Ontarian	25	195	18,755
Argentinian	35	435	11,950
Estonian	175	905	14,025
Kurdish	0	155	13,495
Fijian	45	155	2,345
Jatt	0	115	9,195
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	435	8,040
Coptic	25	820	14,845
Thai	30	290	7,850
Dominican	30	530	8,585
Nepali	0	220	11,585
Kabyle	0	0	570
Assyrian	0	245	17,080
Igbo	30	465	8,595
Byelorussian	35	285	9,730
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	285
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	135	3,445
Abenaki	0	0	1,300
Moldovan	0	60	4,295
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	130	5,550
New Zealander	60	230	4,865
Sudanese	35	230	9,200
Breton	0	10	650
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	415	12,085
Malaysian	40	320	7,360
Plains Cree	0	0	365
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	40	3,660
Huron (Wendat)	25	120	2,070
Saskatchewanian	0	130	1,755
Buddhist	25	215	8,440
Gaspesian	0	60	700
Norman	0	85	2,250
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	665	9,250
Ivorian	0	105	2,270
Saulteaux	0	0	735
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	155	6,980
Burundian	25	45	4,105
Tigrinya	0	0	5,290
Nicaraguan	20	325	6,575
Mauritian	0	135	5,050
Kenyan	25	360	6,970
Oji-Cree	0	15	7,300
Vincentian	85	1,055	9,080
Jordanian	80	260	9,040
Manitoban	25	75	1,505
Cape Bretoner	15	150	3,040
Rwandan	0	100	3,450
Grenadian	60	1,060	10,250
Malayali	40	590	8,100
Chaldean	0	100	10,280
Sinhalese	75	715	8,060
Mayan	0	110	4,085
Honduran	0	160	3,735
Cherokee	30	130	3,555
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	105	1,350
Indo-Caribbean	30	1,055	8,830
Flemish	25	85	3,565
United Empire Loyalist	30	265	6,730
Senegalese	0	80	1,155
Azerbaijani	0	90	6,235
Sicilian	60	505	5,840
Pashtun	100	455	6,385
Malay	0	180	3,910
Goan	30	440	7,930
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	190	3,150
Tibetan	50	80	7,380
Zimbabwean	10	270	3,780
Burmese	20	170	4,290
Mongolian	0	145	3,585
Azorean	15	115	6,085
Atikamekw	0	0	85
Bamileke	0	85	1,100
Indo-Guyanese	45	855	7,605
Ugandan	0	210	4,685
Oromo	0	30	3,015
Tanzanian	50	240	4,865
Yemeni	0	190	5,300
Central African	0	190	1,630
Libyan	0	90	4,200
Basque	0	25	1,515
Uruguayan	0	125	4,720
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	240	4,055
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	290	3,605
Igorot	0	120	2,245
Fulani	0	55	1,165
Woodland Cree	0	0	275
Guinean	0	65	1,120
St. Lucian	30	785	5,850
Prince Edward Islander	30	135	1,900
Maliseet	0	20	615
Beninese	0	40	1,325
Telugu	0	245	4,755
Roma	0	75	3,470
Costa Rican	30	100	2,735
African Nova Scotian	0	150	1,650
Malagasy	0	0	555
Kashmiri	25	275	3,905
Singaporean	0	140	2,320
Karen	0	0	2,365
Edo	0	170	3,515
Tajik	25	440	4,150
Amhara	0	80	3,135
Paraguayan	0	20	855
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,730	691,360	14,031,750
Buddhist	335	3,530	164,215
Christian	54,345	364,015	7,315,810
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,785	61,285	1,070,190
Anabaptist	20	195	57,795
Anglican	5,030	30,495	525,425
Baptist	1,505	9,575	165,400
Catholic	23,050	159,850	3,654,825
Christian Orthodox	1,115	14,925	329,850
Jehovah's Witness	340	2,255	48,290
Latter Day Saints	235	1,030	16,420
Lutheran	595	3,625	114,810
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	510	2,230	35,320
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,825	15,250	174,605
Presbyterian	1,285	9,260	202,275
Reformed	905	1,750	47,400
United Church	7,360	34,225	570,830
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,760	18,065	302,375
Hindu	2,025	39,015	573,700
Jewish	195	2,075	196,100
Muslim	2,885	52,715	942,990
Sikh	235	4,000	300,435
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	225	15,985
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	3,545	88,845
No religion and secular perspectives	40,235	222,245	4,433,675
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,615	684,410	13,904,805
Non-movers	89,615	613,930	12,295,685
Movers	10,005	70,480	1,609,120
Non-migrants	3,650	27,420	914,170
Migrants	6,350	43,065	694,950
Internal migrants	6,110	40,055	570,275
Intraprovincial migrants	6,005	39,040	516,425
Interprovincial migrants	110	1,015	53,850
External migrants	240	3,010	124,670
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,540	652,855	13,349,180
Non-movers	58,750	415,000	8,361,770
Movers	35,790	237,850	4,987,410
Non-migrants	10,595	64,340	2,087,055
Migrants	25,195	173,510	2,900,355
Internal migrants	24,060	155,310	2,167,365
Intraprovincial migrants	23,155	149,215	1,938,720
Interprovincial migrants	910	6,090	228,640
External migrants	1,135	18,205	732,990
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,130	565,960	11,782,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,285	87,315	1,969,920
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,840	478,645	9,812,905
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	374,820	7,584,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,350	32,280	757,455
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,205	342,540	6,827,190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,125	565,960	11,782,820
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,980	79,400	1,799,890
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,730	166,105	3,204,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,420	320,460	6,778,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,315	178,345	3,250,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,355	30,825	592,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,230	14,160	287,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,125	16,660	305,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,555	135,300	2,389,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	12,225	268,480
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,100	142,115	3,528,600
Bachelor's degree	11,780	100,530	2,307,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	8,890	224,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	2,670	90,530
Master's degree	2,785	27,460	786,440
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	2,565	119,125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	374,815	7,584,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,600	27,665	667,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,895	95,485	1,770,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,060	251,665	5,146,170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,715	135,360	2,356,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,715	21,165	384,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	9,615	184,665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,295	11,550	200,110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,960	105,250	1,787,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	8,950	184,030
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,345	116,300	2,789,795
Bachelor's degree	9,695	81,205	1,798,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	7,180	173,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	2,190	71,055
Master's degree	2,395	23,645	658,060
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	2,075	89,470
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,125	565,960	11,782,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,710	245,500	5,004,055
Education	2,755	17,005	358,255
13. Education	2,755	17,005	358,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,570	11,505	258,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	1,860	26,160
50. Visual and performing arts	1,280	9,640	232,325
Humanities	1,885	15,245	388,160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	1,190	40,335
23. English language and literature/letters	505	3,845	99,000
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	4,890	112,250
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	130	445	10,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	800	26,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	1,410	28,715
54. History	275	2,125	54,415
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	540	16,220
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,305	43,985	928,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	485	12,940
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	810	5,185	106,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,380	8,010	154,370
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	7,860	144,535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	965	24,040
42. Psychology	1,080	7,210	142,265
45. Social sciences	1,725	14,270	344,465
Business, management and public administration	8,685	72,120	1,472,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	175	2,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,055	6,355	123,510
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,620	65,585	1,346,635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	12,500	303,310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	5,220	133,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	3,465	69,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	365	6,440
40. Physical sciences	275	2,695	80,200
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	760	13,585
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,655	16,585	367,845
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,370	13,945	284,925
25. Library science	75	475	16,090
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	1,795	56,120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	365	10,705
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,060	61,680	1,274,815
04. Architecture and related services	290	2,255	61,850
14. Engineering	1,370	15,035	414,085
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,975	15,320	278,410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	185
46. Construction trades	2,205	12,220	197,795
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,150	11,555	208,980
48. Precision production	1,065	5,295	113,510
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	5,375	132,765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	695	3,605	86,885
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	1,770	45,885
Health and related fields	7,465	45,010	939,610
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	950	5,000	84,485
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,430	39,260	828,240
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	105	2,335
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	650	24,520
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,695	19,330	351,505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	8,570	181,985
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	25	2,135
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	60	2,200
43. Security and protective services	1,860	8,010	110,890
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	2,660	54,295
Other¹⁷⁹	10	120	2,555
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,555	374,815	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,495	123,155	2,438,475
Education	2,115	12,600	242,725
13. Education	2,115	12,600	242,725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,245	8,830	199,945
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	1,285	18,425
50. Visual and performing arts	1,030	7,540	181,520
Humanities	1,410	11,280	279,505
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	895	29,620
23. English language and literature/letters	365	2,840	71,745
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	3,665	83,455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	335	7,195
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	570	19,380
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	945	18,420
54. History	235	1,650	39,275
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	390	10,415
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,265	36,060	729,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	405	10,515
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	4,465	88,895
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	6,395	119,090
22. Legal professions and studies	970	6,770	117,900
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	775	18,585
42. Psychology	850	5,645	107,035
45. Social sciences	1,420	11,600	267,660
Business, management and public administration	7,110	58,690	1,161,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	150	1,785
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	5,235	98,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,200	53,310	1,061,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	9,575	220,805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	4,110	100,550
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	2,635	50,505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	300	5,100
40. Physical sciences	210	1,960	55,565
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	570	9,090
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,395	14,265	304,045
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,185	12,260	244,700
25. Library science	55	340	9,860
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	1,355	40,875
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	305	8,610
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,645	46,415	932,505
04. Architecture and related services	245	1,720	48,030
14. Engineering	1,155	12,140	326,190
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,295	11,640	202,375
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	165
46. Construction trades	1,675	9,000	137,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,515	8,300	143,480
48. Precision production	755	3,615	75,115
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	4,220	100,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	570	2,790	64,365
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	1,430	36,155
Health and related fields	5,930	34,625	703,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	790	3,865	64,360
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,075	30,200	619,520
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	95	1,960
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	465	18,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,030	15,015	268,815
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	6,460	136,310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	15	1,600
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	30	1,180
43. Security and protective services	1,610	6,485	89,470
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	2,030	40,255
Other¹⁷⁹	10	95	1,860
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,555	374,815	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,495	123,155	2,438,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,060	251,660	5,146,175
Location of study inside Canada	33,425	204,430	3,921,795
Same as province or territory of residence	31,860	194,590	3,634,290
Different than province or territory of residence	1,565	9,835	287,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,640	47,235	1,224,380
Americas	1,175	9,985	229,280
United States of America	815	5,840	140,770
Mexico	30	280	11,625
Cuba	20	195	3,715
Haiti	0	30	1,250
Jamaica	105	1,010	9,200
Brazil	45	490	17,755
Colombia	20	280	12,705
Peru	0	85	2,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	205	5,530
Other locations of study in Americas	110	1,570	23,985
Europe	805	7,295	224,050
Belgium	0	40	1,650
France	15	245	11,580
Germany	45	235	7,115
Netherlands	15	135	4,345
Switzerland	20	70	2,525
Hungary	10	85	2,960
Moldova¹⁸³	0	25	2,080
Poland	60	505	16,450
Romania	40	705	14,985
Russian Federation	25	380	19,185
Ukraine	35	340	18,225
Ireland⁹⁶	10	195	6,925
United Kingdom⁸⁷	410	3,340	72,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	3,415
Italy	10	80	3,895
Serbia⁸⁶	0	55	5,750
Other locations of study in Europe	95	850	30,300
Africa	205	2,490	65,145
Nigeria	65	830	15,165
Algeria	0	25	1,550
Morocco	0	90	2,180
Tunisia	0	0	805
Egypt	25	630	17,195
South Africa, Republic of	15	185	6,770
Other locations of study in Africa	90	730	21,480
Asia	1,320	26,585	686,295
Iran⁸⁸	30	390	35,535
Iraq	20	255	12,270
Israel	0	45	6,675
Lebanon	15	205	7,235
Syria⁸⁹	0	165	7,515
Turkey	0	90	7,585
China⁹⁰	75	1,865	92,585
Taiwan	0	45	3,535
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	80	8,875
Japan	10	115	6,310
Korea, South⁹²	45	380	21,145
Philippines	230	4,700	109,885
Viet Nam	15	90	5,120
Bangladesh	0	1,035	16,250
Sri Lanka	80	1,135	11,075
India	595	10,740	245,655
Pakistan	155	4,240	53,750
Other locations of study in Asia	35	1,015	35,295
Oceania	135	885	19,605
Australia	125	795	16,965
New Zealand	10	85	2,445
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	200
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,125	565,960	11,782,820
In the labour force	54,265	367,505	7,399,200
Employed	48,260	320,545	6,492,895
Unemployed	5,995	46,960	906,310
Not in the labour force	26,865	198,455	4,383,620
Participation rate	66.9	64.9	62.8
Employment rate	59.5	56.6	55.1
Unemployment rate	11.0	12.8	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,125	565,960	11,782,820
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,330	205,780	4,469,170
Worked	53,800	360,180	7,313,650
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,095	202,635	3,982,300
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,705	157,545	3,331,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	41.5	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,260	367,505	7,399,205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	11,995	212,505
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,815	355,510	7,186,695
Employee	46,310	308,240	6,109,070
Permanent position	40,405	265,835	5,166,275
Temporary position	5,915	42,405	942,795
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,780	13,620	324,250
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,130	28,780	618,540
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,500	47,275	1,077,625
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,260	367,505	7,399,205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	11,995	212,505
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,815	355,510	7,186,695
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	3,830	95,240
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,070	69,065	1,328,155
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,810	31,780	685,390
3 Health occupations	4,505	26,060	543,565
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,260	44,000	871,260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,305	10,025	232,200
6 Sales and service occupations	12,515	88,495	1,735,930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,350	62,330	1,175,410
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	5,915	148,055
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,495	14,010	371,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,260	367,505	7,399,205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	11,995	212,505
All industries¹⁹¹	52,815	355,510	7,186,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	730	3,365	104,895
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	590	34,360
22 Utilities	2,405	7,840	55,230
23 Construction	5,250	29,875	538,340
31-33 Manufacturing	3,685	24,015	655,935
41 Wholesale trade	1,580	11,715	244,910
44-45 Retail trade	5,945	41,505	798,090
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,320	17,980	379,485
51 Information and cultural industries	990	9,220	169,120
52 Finance and insurance	2,170	24,325	399,030
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	7,410	152,050
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,235	29,255	681,235
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	1,735	26,240
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	18,055	324,285
61 Educational services	4,420	27,200	531,260
62 Health care and social assistance	7,265	43,145	859,910
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	6,830	130,490
72 Accommodation and food services	2,525	17,860	390,675
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,135	13,870	283,115
91 Public administration	3,555	19,725	428,030
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,285	387,325	7,885,710
English	55,845	372,735	7,181,805
French	155	1,065	52,565
Non-official language	95	1,475	74,365
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	305
Non-Indigenous	95	1,475	74,060
English and French	710	5,270	285,005
English and non-official language(s)	445	6,405	275,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	355
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	250	10,820
Multiple non-official languages	10	125	5,475
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,285	387,325	7,885,710
Single responses	57,070	385,240	7,783,760
Official languages	56,890	382,610	7,649,065
English	56,610	380,810	7,555,160
French	275	1,800	93,910
Non-official languages	185	2,635	134,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	1,240
Algonquian languages	0	0	1,185
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	155
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	145
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	1,030
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	465
Ojibway languages	0	0	560
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	535
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	20
Mohawk	0	0	20
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	2,635	133,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	60	4,830
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	210
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	10
Somali	0	0	190
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	60	4,615
Amharic	0	0	60
Arabic	0	45	3,735
Aramaic languages	0	0	410
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	320
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	85
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	315
Tigrigna	0	0	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	30	3,365
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	140
Vietnamese	10	25	3,225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	85	1,530
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	10	55
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	40
Indonesian	0	0	65
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	60	1,330
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	25
Creole languages	0	0	50
Haitian Creole	0	0	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	275	2,660
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	160
Tamil	15	260	2,440
Telugu	0	0	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	70
Indo-European languages	75	760	50,205
Albanian	0	0	270
Armenian	0	0	195
Balto-Slavic languages	0	80	6,865
Baltic languages	0	0	65
Latvian	0	0	30
Lithuanian	0	0	40
Slavic languages	0	80	6,790
Bulgarian	0	0	60
Czech	0	0	40
Macedonian	0	10	75
Polish	0	10	1,765
Russian	0	40	3,295
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	605
Bosnian	0	0	85
Croatian	0	0	135
Serbian	0	0	395
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	10	910
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	15	7,320
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	10	5,945
German	0	10	3,210
Pennsylvania German	0	0	2,555
Swiss German	0	0	135
Yiddish	0	0	50
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	1,275
Afrikaans	0	0	25
Dutch	0	0	680
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	55
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	515
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	90
Danish	0	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	15
Swedish	0	0	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	15	355
Indo-Iranian languages	30	405	19,460
Indo-Aryan languages	15	275	15,015
Bengali	0	30	440
Gujarati	0	15	850
Hindi	15	75	1,145
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	15
Nepali	0	0	150
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	25	10,235
Sindhi	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	75
Urdu	0	115	2,080
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Iranian languages	15	125	4,435
Kurdish	0	0	125
Pashto	0	10	85
Persian languages	15	120	4,210
Dari	0	70	415
Iranian Persian	15	35	3,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	10	380
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	45	250	15,735
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	10	1,005
Portuguese	10	75	5,645
Romanian	0	15	300
Spanish	30	155	8,765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	1,075
Korean	0	85	5,460
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	10	170
Akan (Twi)	0	0	30
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	60
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Sign languages	10	60	845
American Sign Language	10	55	795
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	1,230	61,525
Chinese languages	55	1,230	61,360
Hakka	0	0	45
Mandarin	45	850	37,260
Min Dong	0	0	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	20	150
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	355	23,610
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	250
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	135
Burmese	0	0	15
Karenic languages	0	0	45
S'gaw Karen	0	0	35
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	80
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	25	330
Lao	0	0	50
Thai	0	25	275
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	10	970
Azerbaijani	0	0	35
Turkish	0	0	905
Uyghur	0	0	30
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	350
Estonian	0	0	65
Finnish	0	0	55
Hungarian	0	0	230
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Multiple responses	215	2,080	101,955
English and French	155	990	46,525
English and non-official language(s)	60	1,030	53,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	155
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	15	880
Multiple non-official languages	0	50	1,060
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,285	387,325	7,885,710
None	56,300	377,205	7,400,850
English	195	1,705	89,345
French	435	3,595	199,430
Non-official language	285	3,885	154,150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	2,895
Non-Indigenous	280	3,885	151,255
English and French	0	10	270
English and non-official language(s)	0	95	7,395
French and non-official language(s)	20	180	7,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	50
Multiple non-official languages	45	650	26,705
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,260	320,545	6,492,895
Worked at home	11,425	94,470	1,929,760
Worked outside Canada	115	805	29,740
No fixed workplace address	6,220	40,825	765,180
Usual place of work	30,505	184,455	3,768,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,505	184,455	3,768,210
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,585	61,605	2,212,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,875	52,750	653,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,005	69,810	885,485
Commute to a different province or territory	35	290	17,050
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,720	225,280	4,533,390
Car, truck or van	34,305	200,685	3,790,545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,235	184,270	3,451,650
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,070	16,410	338,895
Public transit	790	12,535	390,140
Walked	875	6,150	208,380
Bicycle	40	480	37,665
Other method	705	5,430	106,655
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,720	225,280	4,533,390
Less than 15 minutes	9,040	53,735	1,283,185
15 to 29 minutes	12,515	64,900	1,527,580
30 to 44 minutes	6,875	46,575	934,230
45 to 59 minutes	3,565	27,110	375,215
60 minutes and over	4,725	32,960	413,180
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,720	225,280	4,533,390
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,425	22,380	351,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,765	41,105	797,475
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,240	50,315	1,066,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,190	42,115	938,175
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,905	30,025	632,825
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,195	39,340	746,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,610	154,155	2,781,415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,990	13,045	349,875
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,620	141,110	2,431,540
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,915	112,610	2,047,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490	10,125	268,250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	5,880	179,995
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	4,250	88,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,420	102,480	1,778,960

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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