Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SaskatoonMore information: Saskatchewan [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	317,480
Population, 2016¹	295,095
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.6
Total private dwellings²	134,720
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	125,100
Population density per square kilometre	54.1
Land area in square kilometres	5,864.48
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	317,485
0 to 14 years	60,655
0 to 4 years	19,300
5 to 9 years	21,180
10 to 14 years	20,180
15 to 64 years	209,830
15 to 19 years	18,580
20 to 24 years	21,905
25 to 29 years	22,775
30 to 34 years	25,245
35 to 39 years	25,095
40 to 44 years	22,050
45 to 49 years	18,850
50 to 54 years	17,540
55 to 59 years	19,290
60 to 64 years	18,505
65 years and over	47,000
65 to 69 years	15,645
70 to 74 years	11,525
75 to 79 years	7,510
80 to 84 years	5,420
85 years and over	6,890
85 to 89 years	4,210
90 to 94 years	2,040
95 to 99 years	545
100 years and over	100
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.1
65 years and over	14.8
85 years and over	2.2
Average age of the population	38.5
Median age of the population	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	125,100
Single-detached house	73,655
Semi-detached house	4,605
Row house	8,260
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,800
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,055
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,720
Other single-attached house	55
Movable dwelling⁴	945
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	125,100
1 person	34,540
2 persons	42,485
3 persons	18,635
4 persons	17,885
5 or more persons	11,550
Number of persons in private households	311,515
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	256,825
Married or living common-law	147,145
Married	123,185
Living common-law	23,960
Living common law - Never married	18,535
Living common law - Separated	760
Living common law - Divorced	4,195
Living common law - Widowed	470
Not married and not living common-law	109,680
Not married and not living common law - Never married	77,650
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,565
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,650
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	11,810
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	85,375
2 persons	41,955
3 persons	17,405
4 persons	17,125
5 or more persons	8,885
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	85,375
Total couple families	71,865
Married couples	59,890
With children⁶	33,590
Without children	26,300
Common-law couples	11,980
With children⁶	4,130
Without children	7,850
Total one-parent families	13,505
in which the parent is a woman+	10,445
in which the parent is a man+	3,065
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	311,515
Total - Persons in census families	252,525
Married spouses or common-law partners	143,740
Parents in one-parent families	13,510
Children⁶	95,280
In a two-parent family	73,235
In a one-parent family	22,050
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	58,995
Living alone	34,540
Living with other relatives⁷	8,355
Living with non-relatives only	16,105
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	125,100
One-census-family households without additional persons	76,065
Couple-family households	65,725
With children⁶	34,480
Without children	31,250
One-parent-family households	10,335
Multigenerational households⁸	2,430
Multiple-census-family households⁹	640
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,195
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	7,230
One-person households	34,540
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	251,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240,510
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240,660
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	219,585
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	182,860
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	213,390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,775
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,550
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	251,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	240,595
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	240,730
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	219,765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	182,860
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	213,340
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,200
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	251,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	88,355
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	73,395
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	251,200
Without total income	10,690
With total income	240,505
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,030
$10,000 to $19,999	24,655
$20,000 to $29,999	34,600
$30,000 to $39,999	30,315
$40,000 to $49,999	27,005
$50,000 to $59,999	22,565
$60,000 to $69,999	18,375
$70,000 to $79,999	14,760
$80,000 to $89,999	11,700
$90,000 to $99,999	9,225
$100,000 and over	28,285
$100,000 to $149,999	18,745
$150,000 and over	9,540
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	251,200
Without after-tax income	10,540
With after-tax income	240,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,900
$10,000 to $19,999	25,950
$20,000 to $29,999	39,630
$30,000 to $39,999	35,750
$40,000 to $49,999	31,735
$50,000 to $59,999	25,150
$60,000 to $69,999	18,915
$70,000 to $79,999	14,155
$80,000 to $89,999	8,825
$90,000 to $99,999	5,805
$100,000 and over	14,845
$100,000 to $124,999	7,585
$125,000 and over	7,260
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	251,200
Without employment income	68,340
With employment income	182,860
Under $5,000 (including loss)	24,075
$5,000 to $9,999	14,475
$10,000 to $19,999	21,105
$20,000 to $29,999	16,370
$30,000 to $39,999	16,255
$40,000 to $49,999	15,550
$50,000 to $59,999	14,275
$60,000 to $69,999	12,615
$70,000 to $79,999	10,515
$80,000 to $89,999	9,120
$90,000 to $99,999	7,250
$100,000 and over	21,255
$100,000 to $124,999	9,775
$125,000 and over	11,480
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	251,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	234,700
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	234,765
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	215,660
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	181,365
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	201,005
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	251,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	234,830
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	234,915
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	181,790
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	201,155
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,045
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	251,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	87,760
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	68,785
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4
Employment income (%)	72.8
Government transfers (%)	10.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	125,100
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	34,540
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	90,555
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	125,100
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	34,470
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,880
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	90,625
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	125,100
Under $5,000	1,270
$5,000 to $9,999	690
$10,000 to $14,999	1,225
$15,000 to $19,999	2,075
$20,000 to $24,999	4,290
$25,000 to $29,999	3,775
$30,000 to $34,999	3,705
$35,000 to $39,999	4,185
$40,000 to $44,999	4,335
$45,000 to $49,999	4,360
$50,000 to $59,999	8,795
$60,000 to $69,999	8,670
$70,000 to $79,999	8,395
$80,000 to $89,999	7,865
$90,000 to $99,999	7,195
$100,000 and over	54,260
$100,000 to $124,999	15,295
$125,000 to $149,999	11,640
$150,000 to $199,999	14,590
$200,000 and over	12,735
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	125,100
Under $5,000	1,455
$5,000 to $9,999	700
$10,000 to $14,999	1,285
$15,000 to $19,999	2,150
$20,000 to $24,999	4,685
$25,000 to $29,999	4,335
$30,000 to $34,999	4,290
$35,000 to $39,999	5,125
$40,000 to $44,999	5,105
$45,000 to $49,999	5,195
$50,000 to $59,999	10,565
$60,000 to $69,999	10,170
$70,000 to $79,999	9,720
$80,000 to $89,999	8,755
$90,000 to $99,999	8,125
$100,000 and over	43,430
$100,000 to $124,999	15,975
$125,000 to $149,999	11,010
$150,000 and over	16,450
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	85,465
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	32,180
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	37,830
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,555
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50,640
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	85,390
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	32,125
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	37,975
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,485
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50,575
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	311,515
0 to 17 years	71,220
0 to 5 years	23,370
18 to 64 years	196,620
65 years and over	43,675
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	34,155
0 to 17 years	10,090
0 to 5 years	3,345
18 to 64 years	18,880
65 years and over	5,190
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6
65 years and over (%)	11.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	311,005
0 to 17 years	71,025
0 to 5 years	23,310
18 to 64 years	196,340
65 years and over	43,640
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	14,825
0 to 17 years	3,645
0 to 5 years	1,130
18 to 64 years	10,465
65 years and over	710
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	311,515
In bottom half of the distribution	151,545
In bottom decile	32,255
In second decile	29,285
In third decile	29,520
In fourth decile	30,130
In fifth decile	30,355
In top half of the distribution	159,970
In sixth decile	30,915
In seventh decile	32,035
In eighth decile	32,815
In ninth decile	33,045
In top decile	31,160
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	311,515
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	313,440
English only	290,515
French only	115
English and French	18,975
Neither English nor French	3,840
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	313,440
English	305,750
French	3,215
English and French	795
Neither English nor French	3,680
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	313,440
Single responses	302,950
Official languages	248,015
English	244,505
French	3,510
Non-official languages	54,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,425
Algonquian languages	1,105
Blackfoot	5
Cree-Innu languages	990
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	990
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	300
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75
Cree, n.o.s.	575
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	115
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	5
Ojibway languages	110
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	230
Northern Athabaskan languages	230
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	230
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	35
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	40
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	35
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	53,510
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,995
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	25
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	360
Bilen	30
Oromo	60
Somali	205
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65
Semitic languages	3,610
Amharic	170
Arabic	2,350
Aramaic languages	635
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	260
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45
Harari	0
Hebrew	25
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	415
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,625
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	1,550
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	9,285
Bikol	45
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170
Cebuano	465
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	115
Ilocano	355
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	45
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,780
Waray-Waray	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	135
Creole languages	60
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	890
Kannada	55
Malayalam	500
Tamil	190
Telugu	145
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	27,145
Albanian	65
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	4,950
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	4,910
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	55
Macedonian	45
Polish	510
Russian	945
Rusyn	40
Serbo-Croatian	495
Bosnian	135
Croatian	155
Serbian	195
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	2,755
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	4,540
Frisian	5
High German languages	2,895
German	2,855
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,465
Afrikaans	255
Dutch	335
Low German, n.o.s.	145
Low Saxon	20
Plautdietsch	685
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	170
Danish	65
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	60
Swedish	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	200
Indo-Iranian languages	13,815
Indo-Aryan languages	12,435
Assamese	5
Bengali	2,190
Gujarati	1,665
Hindi	905
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	5
Marathi	90
Nepali	335
Oriya languages	25
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,275
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	105
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210
Urdu	3,580
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	1,380
Baluchi	70
Kurdish	95
Parsi	0
Pashto	260
Persian languages	950
Dari	165
Iranian Persian	690
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	3,445
Catalan	0
Italian	205
Portuguese	590
Romanian	390
Spanish	2,260
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	105
Korean	465
Mongolian	45
Niger-Congo languages	1,200
Akan (Twi)	110
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	10
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	10
Ndebele	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	70
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	175
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	365
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	205
Dinka	65
Nuer	50
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	90
American Sign Language	70
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,630
Chinese languages	7,285
Hakka	15
Mandarin	5,200
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,850
Chinese, n.o.s.	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	345
Burmese	90
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	235
S'gaw Karen	205
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	160
Lao	110
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	235
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	5
Turkish	175
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	360
Estonian	15
Finnish	40
Hungarian	300
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Multiple responses	10,485
English and French	1,200
English and non-official language(s)	8,155
French and non-official language(s)	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	175
Multiple non-official languages	835
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	313,440
English	251,895
French	590
Non-official language	14,875
Indigenous³⁹	160
Non-Indigenous	14,715
English and French	2,790
English and non-official language(s)	40,385
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,060
Multiple non-official languages	1,765
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	313,440
Single responses	302,735
Official languages	269,890
English	268,940
French	945
Non-official languages	32,845
Indigenous languages³⁹	325
Algonquian languages	240
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	225
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	225
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20
Cree, n.o.s.	125
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	75
Northern Athabaskan languages	75
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	75
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	5
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	5
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	32,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,595
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	235
Bilen	20
Oromo	40
Somali	120
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55
Semitic languages	2,355
Amharic	110
Arabic	1,535
Aramaic languages	425
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	215
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	270
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,230
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	1,210
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,910
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75
Cebuano	275
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	190
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	20
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,110
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	575
Kannada	25
Malayalam	340
Tamil	120
Telugu	90
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,970
Albanian	30
Armenian	50
Balto-Slavic languages	1,820
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,800
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	10
Macedonian	25
Polish	170
Russian	590
Rusyn	25
Serbo-Croatian	220
Bosnian	55
Croatian	40
Serbian	120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	730
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	770
Frisian	0
High German languages	540
German	535
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215
Afrikaans	145
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	70
Indo-Iranian languages	10,355
Indo-Aryan languages	9,375
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,635
Gujarati	1,325
Hindi	590
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	60
Nepali	235
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,705
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	80
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120
Urdu	2,585
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	980
Baluchi	45
Kurdish	65
Parsi	0
Pashto	170
Persian languages	695
Dari	85
Iranian Persian	545
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,875
Catalan	0
Italian	50
Portuguese	300
Romanian	210
Spanish	1,310
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	315
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	430
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	75
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	155
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	90
Dinka	25
Nuer	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	135
American Sign Language	105
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,880
Chinese languages	5,610
Hakka	5
Mandarin	4,280
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,185
Chinese, n.o.s.	80
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270
Burmese	70
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	190
S'gaw Karen	165
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	50
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	120
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	90
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	100
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	10,705
English and French	460
English and non-official language(s)	9,820
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	115
Multiple non-official languages	265
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	313,440
None	275,965
English	13,755
French	2,325
Non-official language	16,020
Indigenous³⁹	1,145
Non-Indigenous	14,870
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	2,870
French and non-official language(s)	465
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	1,870
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	311,515
Official languages	307,775
English	307,685
French	19,060
Non-official languages	73,215
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,690
Algonquian languages	2,165
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,995
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	1,995
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	870
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	190
Cree, n.o.s.	900
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	215
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	170
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	370
Northern Athabaskan languages	370
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	370
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	20
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	110
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	105
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	80
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	25
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70,605
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,730
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	140
Hausa	120
Mina	20
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	460
Bilen	10
Oromo	85
Somali	235
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	130
Semitic languages	5,265
Amharic	415
Arabic	3,850
Aramaic languages	1,070
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	585
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	520
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45
Harari	0
Hebrew	135
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	570
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	90
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,060
Khmer (Cambodian)	80
Vietnamese	1,965
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	12,825
Bikol	95
Bisaya, n.o.s.	255
Cebuano	640
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	165
Ilocano	820
Indonesian	140
Kankanaey	120
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,395
Waray-Waray	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	370
Creole languages	345
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	55
Krio	20
Morisyen	160
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55
Dravidian languages	1,510
Kannada	130
Malayalam	770
Tamil	475
Telugu	345
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	36,040
Albanian	40
Armenian	70
Balto-Slavic languages	6,300
Baltic languages	70
Latvian	40
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	6,270
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	70
Czech	75
Macedonian	85
Polish	720
Russian	2,075
Rusyn	80
Serbo-Croatian	690
Bosnian	210
Croatian	310
Serbian	390
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	3,750
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	55
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	15
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15
Germanic languages	5,660
Frisian	10
High German languages	3,595
German	3,555
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,930
Afrikaans	510
Dutch	420
Low German, n.o.s.	150
Low Saxon	25
Plautdietsch	820
Vlaams (Flemish)	25
Scandinavian languages	345
Danish	100
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	165
Swedish	105
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25
Greek	375
Indo-Iranian languages	17,955
Indo-Aryan languages	16,615
Assamese	0
Bengali	2,475
Gujarati	2,550
Hindi	5,700
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	15
Konkani	15
Marathi	210
Nepali	545
Oriya languages	40
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,425
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	290
Urdu	5,835
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	90
Iranian languages	1,735
Baluchi	170
Kurdish	85
Parsi	10
Pashto	445
Persian languages	1,140
Dari	250
Iranian Persian	790
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Italic (Romance) languages	6,465
Catalan	0
Italian	575
Portuguese	760
Romanian	515
Spanish	4,930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	535
Korean	535
Mongolian	35
Niger-Congo languages	2,790
Akan (Twi)	240
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40
Ga	45
Ganda	35
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	445
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65
Lingala	35
Luba-Kasai	15
Mòoré	0
Mwani	30
Ndebele	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	135
Shona	80
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	360
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	1,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	420
Nilo-Saharan languages	285
Dinka	90
Nuer	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	140
African, n.o.s.	20
Sign languages	635
American Sign Language	560
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	110
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,745
Chinese languages	8,275
Hakka	40
Mandarin	6,425
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	2,415
Chinese, n.o.s.	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	460
Burmese	175
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	285
S'gaw Karen	245
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibetan	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	220
Lao	115
Thai	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	425
Azerbaijani	70
Kazakh	40
Turkish	320
Uyghur	25
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	345
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	310
Other languages, n.i.e.	55
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	311,520
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	34,890
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	33,920
First Nations (North American Indian)	17,500
Métis	16,290
Inuk (Inuit)	125
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	685
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	285
Non-Indigenous identity	276,630
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	311,520
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15,780
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	295,735
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	125,100
Owner	85,335
Renter	39,615
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	125,100
Condominium	24,570
Not condominium	100,530
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	125,100
No bedrooms	745
1 bedroom	13,345
2 bedrooms	30,400
3 bedrooms	38,280
4 or more bedrooms	42,335
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	125,100
1 to 4 rooms	34,245
5 rooms	18,640
6 rooms	16,165
7 rooms	15,055
8 or more rooms	41,000
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	125,100
One person or fewer per room	121,670
More than one person per room	3,435
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	125,100
Suitable	119,065
Not suitable	6,030
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	125,100
1960 or before	18,635
1961 to 1980	36,445
1981 to 1990	18,155
1991 to 2000	10,735
2001 to 2005	6,285
2006 to 2010	9,825
2011 to 2015	14,485
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10,540
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	125,100
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	119,805
Major repairs needed	5,300
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	125,100
One-maintainer household	59,995
Two-maintainer household	59,285
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,815
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	125,100
15 to 24 years	5,800
25 to 34 years	22,230
35 to 44 years	25,695
45 to 54 years	20,575
55 to 64 years	22,290
65 to 74 years	16,315
75 to 84 years	8,510
85 years and over	3,685
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	123,740
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	97,560
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	26,180
30% to less than 100%	23,945
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	125,100
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	34,770
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	23,800
Not suitable only	4,615
Major repairs needed only	3,690
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,060
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,245
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	285
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75
Acceptable housing	90,330
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	121,505
In core need	12,075
Not in core need	109,430
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	84,735
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,556
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	402,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,590
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9
% in core housing need⁶³	22.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,215
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	145
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	444
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	311,520
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	16,790
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	16,155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	12,360
Métis single ancestry	3,745
Inuit single ancestry	40
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	620
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	19,275
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	18,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,645
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	9,660
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	885
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	840
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	275,450
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	311,515
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	279,995
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65,180
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	214,815
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	31,520
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	311,515
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	249,955
Immigrants⁸¹	56,070
Before 1980	4,460
1980 to 1990	2,600
1991 to 2000	3,875
2001 to 2010	12,775
2011 to 2021⁸²	32,360
2011 to 2015	14,845
2016 to 2021	17,515
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,490
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	56,070
Under 5 years	5,400
5 to 14 years	11,050
15 to 24 years	8,180
25 to 44 years	26,245
45 years and over	5,195
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	56,070
Americas	4,535
Brazil	215
Colombia	330
El Salvador	345
Guyana	60
Haiti	15
Jamaica	460
Mexico	475
Peru	95
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	1,740
Other places of birth in Americas	770
Europe	8,110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	265
Croatia	115
France	100
Germany	685
Greece	155
Hungary	55
Italy	205
Netherlands	265
Poland	505
Portugal	150
Romania	360
Russian Federation	285
Serbia⁸⁶	185
Ukraine	1,175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,520
Other places of birth in Europe	1,085
Africa	6,295
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180
Egypt	380
Eritrea	490
Ethiopia	345
Morocco	90
Nigeria	2,115
Somalia	120
South Africa, Republic of	530
Other places of birth in Africa	2,035
Asia	36,855
Afghanistan	200
Iran⁸⁸	675
Iraq	1,225
Lebanon	110
Syria⁸⁹	660
Turkey	155
China⁹⁰	4,805
Hong Kong⁹¹	450
Korea, South⁹²	300
Taiwan	90
Philippines	12,185
Viet Nam	1,515
Bangladesh	1,845
India	6,050
Pakistan	4,005
Sri Lanka	305
Other places of birth in Asia	2,275
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	280
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	17,515
Americas	1,045
Brazil	95
Colombia	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	205
Mexico	135
United States of America	445
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other places of birth in Americas	110
Europe	1,070
France	25
Germany	35
Ireland⁹⁶	45
Italy	30
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	320
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200
Other places of birth in Europe	355
Africa	3,065
Algeria	0
Burundi	65
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	200
Eritrea	295
Ethiopia	170
Morocco	35
Nigeria	1,540
Somalia	50
South Africa, Republic of	95
Sudan⁹⁷	130
Tunisia	20
Other places of birth in Africa	375
Asia	12,255
Afghanistan	35
Bangladesh	700
China⁹⁰	2,320
Hong Kong⁹¹	120
India	2,860
Iran⁸⁸	295
Iraq	260
Israel	30
Japan	20
Jordan	45
Korea, South⁹²	65
Lebanon	35
Nepal	75
Pakistan	815
Philippines	2,985
Saudi Arabia	130
Sri Lanka	25
Syria⁸⁹	590
Turkey	20
United Arab Emirates	130
Viet Nam	485
Other places of birth in Asia	230
Oceania and other⁹³	80
Australia	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	311,515
First generation¹⁰⁰	63,390
Second generation¹⁰¹	38,945
Third generation or more¹⁰²	209,180
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	51,610
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	36,050
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,685
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	22,360
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,360
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,085
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	120
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	51,610
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	855
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,990
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,810
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,000
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	185
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	38,780
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	311,520
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	66,550
South Asian	19,375
Chinese	9,525
Black	8,650
Filipino	14,805
Arab	3,050
Latin American	2,740
Southeast Asian	3,555
West Asian	1,755
Korean	555
Japanese	320
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	490
Multiple visible minorities	1,745
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	244,965
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	311,515
Canadian	27,305
English	60,045
Irish	41,420
Scottish	49,825
French, n.o.s.¹²²	31,030
German	76,220
Chinese	10,135
Italian	3,785
Indian (India)	7,555
Ukrainian	46,250
Dutch	9,615
Polish	17,365
Québécois	225
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,070
Filipino	13,815
French Canadian	1,810
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,695
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,195
Métis	14,905
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,125
Russian	12,250
Norwegian	20,380
Welsh	5,595
Portuguese	870
American	3,595
Spanish	1,960
Swedish	8,365
Hungarian	6,820
Acadian	320
Pakistani	4,150
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,595
Jewish	945
Punjabi	1,535
Vietnamese	2,135
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	945
Greek	945
Jamaican	740
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,275
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	7,485
Korean	610
Romanian	2,475
Lebanese	415
Iranian	805
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,215
Danish	2,690
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,460
Sikh	1,025
Austrian	3,940
Belgian	2,365
Haitian	40
Hindu	1,265
Mexican	805
Mennonite	4,655
Swiss	1,430
Finnish	1,410
Sri Lankan	285
Croatian	960
Japanese	525
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	700
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,915
Muslim	1,020
Egyptian	455
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	430
Tamil	135
Icelandic	2,400
Colombian	295
Moroccan	135
Czech	1,595
Syrian	445
Guyanese	160
Afghan	425
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	285
Serbian	425
Ojibway	535
Newfoundlander	160
Hong Konger	200
Ontarian	95
Persian	255
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155
Turkish	365
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	190
Bangladeshi	1,840
Algerian	0
Brazilian	400
Nigerian	1,030
Armenian	135
Slovak	430
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	555
Somali	145
Taiwanese	110
Iraqi	1,055
Salvadorean	420
African Caribbean	100
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	655
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	370
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75
Algonquin	120
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45
Lithuanian	325
South African	450
Australian	335
Palestinian	20
Chilean	490
Congolese	235
Nova Scotian	40
Ethiopian	265
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	220
Peruvian	150
Yoruba	1,095
Cambodian (Khmer)	175
Berber	30
Albanian	85
Maltese	75
Macedonian	70
Slovenian	210
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125
New Brunswicker	50
Gujarati	465
Eritrean	515
African Canadian	110
Israeli	50
Mohawk	160
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	535
Bulgarian	90
Albertan	90
Ghanaian	210
Barbadian	40
African American	250
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	245
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170
Cuban	90
Bosnian	220
Venezuelan	75
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10
Latvian	95
Bengali	365
Cameroonian	125
Guatemalan	115
Indonesian	140
Laotian	205
Ilocano	345
Northern Irish	180
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	160
British Columbian	40
Ecuadorian	115
Franco Ontarian	15
Argentinian	60
Estonian	150
Kurdish	70
Fijian	35
Jatt	150
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125
Coptic	20
Thai	210
Dominican	70
Nepali	385
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	195
Igbo	380
Byelorussian	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	875
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	90
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	95
New Zealander	175
Sudanese	390
Breton	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	150
Malaysian	60
Plains Cree	1,230
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35
Huron (Wendat)	40
Saskatchewanian	1,550
Buddhist	35
Gaspesian	0
Norman	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50
Ivorian	20
Saulteaux	1,020
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160
Burundian	150
Tigrinya	210
Nicaraguan	50
Mauritian	120
Kenyan	100
Oji-Cree	50
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	25
Manitoban	70
Cape Bretoner	40
Rwandan	30
Grenadian	0
Malayali	105
Chaldean	430
Sinhalese	135
Mayan	55
Honduran	20
Cherokee	115
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	140
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	35
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	45
Malay	140
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	55
Tibetan	75
Zimbabwean	130
Burmese	205
Mongolian	140
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	85
Oromo	110
Tanzanian	40
Yemeni	10
Central African	15
Libyan	85
Basque	45
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40
Igorot	250
Fulani	15
Woodland Cree	280
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	85
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	15
Kashmiri	55
Singaporean	0
Karen	295
Edo	65
Tajik	30
Amhara	50
Paraguayan	20
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	311,520
Buddhist	2,000
Christian	164,170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	27,480
Anabaptist	5,505
Anglican	6,620
Baptist	3,510
Catholic	73,315
Christian Orthodox	4,340
Jehovah's Witness	1,060
Latter Day Saints	630
Lutheran	8,840
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	945
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	4,425
Presbyterian	1,155
Reformed	175
United Church	17,420
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	8,745
Hindu	5,260
Jewish	590
Muslim	13,100
Sikh	3,365
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,880
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,390
No religion and secular perspectives	118,760
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	307,860
Non-movers	261,420
Movers	46,440
Non-migrants	31,930
Migrants	14,510
Internal migrants	11,785
Intraprovincial migrants	7,945
Interprovincial migrants	3,840
External migrants	2,725
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	292,320
Non-movers	165,640
Movers	126,685
Non-migrants	67,140
Migrants	59,545
Internal migrants	42,760
Intraprovincial migrants	31,995
Interprovincial migrants	10,770
External migrants	16,780
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	251,195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	36,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	214,290
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	167,630
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,930
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,700
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	251,195
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,370
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	142,725
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,930
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,505
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	41,520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,420
Bachelor's degree or higher	72,345
Bachelor's degree	49,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,390
Master's degree	13,955
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,620
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	167,630
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,025
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,540
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	52,405
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,020
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,630
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	31,440
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,950
Bachelor's degree or higher	59,135
Bachelor's degree	39,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,530
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,995
Master's degree	12,010
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,860
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	251,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	108,470
Education	12,880
13. Education	12,880
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	420
50. Visual and performing arts	2,820
Humanities	6,275
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	445
23. English language and literature/letters	1,545
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,265
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115
38. Philosophy and religious studies	525
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,425
54. History	835
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,645
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	255
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	935
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,130
22. Legal professions and studies	2,155
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240
42. Psychology	2,550
45. Social sciences	4,380
Business, management and public administration	29,540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,805
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,670
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90
40. Physical sciences	1,675
41. Science technologies/technicians	530
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,255
25. Library science	450
27. Mathematics and statistics	540
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	125
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	28,505
04. Architecture and related services	850
14. Engineering	7,185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	6,615
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,265
48. Precision production	2,930
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,915
03. Natural resources and conservation	850
Health and related fields	25,150
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,855
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	22,540
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	705
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,545
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,675
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	1,475
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,370
Other¹⁷⁹	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	167,630
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,085
Education	8,700
13. Education	8,700
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,630
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300
50. Visual and performing arts	2,335
Humanities	4,650
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340
23. English language and literature/letters	1,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	370
39. Theology and religious vocations	960
54. History	625
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	860
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,640
22. Legal professions and studies	1,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195
42. Psychology	1,980
45. Social sciences	3,660
Business, management and public administration	23,440
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,250
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,360
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,965
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	590
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75
40. Physical sciences	1,385
41. Science technologies/technicians	360
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,585
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,760
25. Library science	285
27. Mathematics and statistics	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,845
04. Architecture and related services	705
14. Engineering	6,080
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,570
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	5,210
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,960
48. Precision production	2,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,745
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	690
Health and related fields	19,335
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,435
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	17,260
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	600
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,880
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,550
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	167,630
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	111,540
Location of study inside Canada	89,690
Same as province or territory of residence	74,010
Different than province or territory of residence	15,685
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,845
Americas	2,605
United States of America	1,745
Mexico	140
Cuba	30
Haiti	0
Jamaica	160
Brazil	170
Colombia	100
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	180
Europe	2,855
Belgium	10
France	90
Germany	175
Netherlands	80
Switzerland	15
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	60
Poland	140
Romania	110
Russian Federation	110
Ukraine	600
Ireland⁹⁶	115
United Kingdom⁸⁷	935
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	60
Other locations of study in Europe	265
Africa	1,835
Nigeria	850
Algeria	10
Morocco	55
Tunisia	0
Egypt	210
South Africa, Republic of	265
Other locations of study in Africa	435
Asia	14,230
Iran⁸⁸	305
Iraq	120
Israel	40
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	70
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	1,900
Taiwan	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	70
Japan	65
Korea, South⁹²	165
Philippines	5,180
Viet Nam	220
Bangladesh	885
Sri Lanka	85
India	3,270
Pakistan	1,410
Other locations of study in Asia	340
Oceania	330
Australia	250
New Zealand	75
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	251,195
In the labour force	172,315
Employed	158,130
Unemployed	14,185
Not in the labour force	78,875
Participation rate	68.6
Employment rate	63.0
Unemployment rate	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	251,190
Did not work¹⁸⁶	81,425
Worked	169,765
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	91,350
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	78,410
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	172,320
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,890
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	168,430
Employee	146,445
Permanent position	119,975
Temporary position	26,470
Fixed term (1 year or more)	8,405
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	18,065
Self-employed¹⁹²	21,980
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	172,320
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,890
All occupations¹⁹¹	168,430
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	26,425
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	12,525
3 Health occupations	17,020
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	22,995
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,170
6 Sales and service occupations	41,770
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30,690
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,400
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,875
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	172,320
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,890
All industries¹⁹¹	168,430
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,365
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,085
22 Utilities	1,190
23 Construction	14,545
31-33 Manufacturing	9,870
41 Wholesale trade	6,645
44-45 Retail trade	18,460
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,950
51 Information and cultural industries	2,795
52 Finance and insurance	5,185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,685
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	385
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,710
61 Educational services	16,525
62 Health care and social assistance	25,450
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,205
72 Accommodation and food services	11,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,405
91 Public administration	9,185
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	183,065
English	177,245
French	400
Non-official language	940
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	935
English and French	1,100
English and non-official language(s)	3,285
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	183,065
Single responses	182,370
Official languages	180,715
English	180,095
French	625
Non-official languages	1,655
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,630
Afro-Asiatic languages	25
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	0
Arabic	25
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	85
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	390
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	60
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	25
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	240
Indo-Aryan languages	225
Bengali	15
Gujarati	20
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	830
Chinese languages	795
Hakka	0
Mandarin	680
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	25
S'gaw Karen	25
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	690
English and French	130
English and non-official language(s)	555
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	183,065
None	179,220
English	845
French	760
Non-official language	1,845
Indigenous³⁹	125
Non-Indigenous	1,720
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	280
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	158,130
Worked at home	27,205
Worked outside Canada	325
No fixed workplace address	20,640
Usual place of work	109,960
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	109,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	87,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	16,780
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,290
Commute to a different province or territory	885
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130,600
Car, truck or van	117,680
Car, truck or van - as a driver	109,735
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,945
Public transit	3,730
Walked	4,985
Bicycle	1,535
Other method	2,675
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130,600
Less than 15 minutes	47,270
15 to 29 minutes	63,520
30 to 44 minutes	13,035
45 to 59 minutes	2,915
60 minutes and over	3,865
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130,600
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,580
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,790
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40,335
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	28,055
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15,445
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	19,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	72,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,440
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	67,075
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	51,860
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,105
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,480
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,625
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,755

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed September 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Profile table