Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saskatoon, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	266,141^E
Population, 2016¹	247,201^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.7^E
Total private dwellings²	115,619
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	107,052
Population density per square kilometre	1,174.7
Land area in square kilometres	226.56
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	266,145
0 to 14 years	48,690
0 to 4 years	15,755
5 to 9 years	16,890
10 to 14 years	16,055
15 to 64 years	176,970
15 to 19 years	15,260
20 to 24 years	19,595
25 to 29 years	20,215
30 to 34 years	21,655
35 to 39 years	20,720
40 to 44 years	18,080
45 to 49 years	15,540
50 to 54 years	14,610
55 to 59 years	15,965
60 to 64 years	15,325
65 years and over	40,475
65 to 69 years	12,955
70 to 74 years	9,785
75 to 79 years	6,485
80 to 84 years	4,885
85 years and over	6,370
85 to 89 years	3,890
90 to 94 years	1,875
95 to 99 years	515
100 years and over	90
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3
15 to 64 years	66.5
65 years and over	15.2
85 years and over	2.4
Average age of the population	38.8
Median age of the population	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	107,050
Single-detached house	58,315
Semi-detached house	3,975
Row house	7,435
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,545
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,635
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,720
Other single-attached house	35
Movable dwelling⁴	380
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	107,050
1 person	31,670
2 persons	35,800
3 persons	15,770
4 persons	14,395
5 or more persons	9,420
Number of persons in private households	260,955
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	217,450
Married or living common-law	119,875
Married	99,615
Living common-law	20,260
Living common law - Never married	15,910
Living common law - Separated	600
Living common law - Divorced	3,370
Living common law - Widowed	380
Not married and not living common-law	97,575
Not married and not living common law - Never married	69,180
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,810
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,055
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,530
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	70,400
2 persons	35,070
3 persons	14,575
4 persons	13,720
5 or more persons	7,040
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	70,400
Total couple families	58,405
Married couples	48,275
With children⁶	27,050
Without children	21,225
Common-law couples	10,130
With children⁶	3,285
Without children	6,840
Total one-parent families	12,000
in which the parent is a woman+	9,365
in which the parent is a man+	2,625
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	260,955
Total - Persons in census families	206,645
Married spouses or common-law partners	116,805
Parents in one-parent families	11,995
Children⁶	77,840
In a two-parent family	58,335
In a one-parent family	19,500
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,310
Living alone	31,675
Living with other relatives⁷	7,535
Living with non-relatives only	15,105
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	107,055
One-census-family households without additional persons	62,180
Couple-family households	53,015
With children⁶	27,505
Without children	25,515
One-parent-family households	9,165
Multigenerational households⁸	2,130
Multiple-census-family households⁹	585
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,685
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,800
One-person households	31,670
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	212,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,480
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	203,595
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	184,820
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,025
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	181,965
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,015
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,345
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	212,515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,595
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	203,700
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	184,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	153,025
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	181,965
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,775
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,275
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	212,510
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	72,435
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	62,510
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	212,515
Without total income	9,025
With total income	203,485
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,860
$10,000 to $19,999	21,140
$20,000 to $29,999	30,425
$30,000 to $39,999	26,495
$40,000 to $49,999	23,350
$50,000 to $59,999	19,105
$60,000 to $69,999	15,400
$70,000 to $79,999	12,165
$80,000 to $89,999	9,625
$90,000 to $99,999	7,520
$100,000 and over	22,400
$100,000 to $149,999	14,750
$150,000 and over	7,655
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	212,515
Without after-tax income	8,915
With after-tax income	203,595
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,545
$10,000 to $19,999	22,235
$20,000 to $29,999	34,820
$30,000 to $39,999	31,225
$40,000 to $49,999	27,085
$50,000 to $59,999	21,120
$60,000 to $69,999	15,580
$70,000 to $79,999	11,540
$80,000 to $89,999	7,095
$90,000 to $99,999	4,555
$100,000 and over	11,790
$100,000 to $124,999	5,930
$125,000 and over	5,865
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	212,515
Without employment income	59,490
With employment income	153,020
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,070
$5,000 to $9,999	12,495
$10,000 to $19,999	18,170
$20,000 to $29,999	14,045
$30,000 to $39,999	13,955
$40,000 to $49,999	13,200
$50,000 to $59,999	12,030
$60,000 to $69,999	10,470
$70,000 to $79,999	8,600
$80,000 to $89,999	7,420
$90,000 to $99,999	5,895
$100,000 and over	16,670
$100,000 to $124,999	7,720
$125,000 and over	8,950
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	212,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,570
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	198,625
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	181,570
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	151,775
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	171,400
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,600
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	212,515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,700
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,770
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	181,850
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	152,175
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	171,615
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,565
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	212,510
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	71,910
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	58,625
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0
Employment income (%)	72.0
Government transfers (%)	11.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	107,050
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	31,670
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	75,380
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	107,055
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	31,630
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,450
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,920
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	75,420
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	107,050
Under $5,000	1,150
$5,000 to $9,999	640
$10,000 to $14,999	1,125
$15,000 to $19,999	1,915
$20,000 to $24,999	3,950
$25,000 to $29,999	3,450
$30,000 to $34,999	3,395
$35,000 to $39,999	3,780
$40,000 to $44,999	3,940
$45,000 to $49,999	3,920
$50,000 to $59,999	7,895
$60,000 to $69,999	7,655
$70,000 to $79,999	7,330
$80,000 to $89,999	6,815
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145
$100,000 and over	43,950
$100,000 to $124,999	12,685
$125,000 to $149,999	9,430
$150,000 to $199,999	11,660
$200,000 and over	10,175
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	107,050
Under $5,000	1,285
$5,000 to $9,999	650
$10,000 to $14,999	1,170
$15,000 to $19,999	1,980
$20,000 to $24,999	4,315
$25,000 to $29,999	3,970
$30,000 to $34,999	3,945
$35,000 to $39,999	4,670
$40,000 to $44,999	4,560
$45,000 to $49,999	4,690
$50,000 to $59,999	9,410
$60,000 to $69,999	8,870
$70,000 to $79,999	8,390
$80,000 to $89,999	7,405
$90,000 to $99,999	6,720
$100,000 and over	35,015
$100,000 to $124,999	12,990
$125,000 to $149,999	8,755
$150,000 and over	13,270
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	70,585
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	26,380
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,420
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,150
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	46,775
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70,545
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,335
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,510
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,130
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	46,745
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	260,955
0 to 17 years	57,210
0 to 5 years	19,010
18 to 64 years	166,230
65 years and over	37,515
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30,675
0 to 17 years	9,000
0 to 5 years	3,010
18 to 64 years	17,205
65 years and over	4,470
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4
65 years and over (%)	11.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	260,955
0 to 17 years	57,205
0 to 5 years	19,015
18 to 64 years	166,235
65 years and over	37,515
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	13,685
0 to 17 years	3,285
0 to 5 years	1,030
18 to 64 years	9,775
65 years and over	625
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	260,955
In bottom half of the distribution	131,845
In bottom decile	29,255
In second decile	26,040
In third decile	25,735
In fourth decile	25,505
In fifth decile	25,315
In top half of the distribution	129,115
In sixth decile	25,250
In seventh decile	25,830
In eighth decile	26,470
In ninth decile	26,375
In top decile	25,185
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	260,955
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.295
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	262,570
English only	241,760
French only	110
English and French	17,005
Neither English nor French	3,700
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	262,570
English	255,455
French	2,805
English and French	760
Neither English nor French	3,550
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	262,570
Single responses	252,675
Official languages	201,460
English	198,440
French	3,020
Non-official languages	51,215
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,345
Algonquian languages	1,065
Blackfoot	5
Cree-Innu languages	945
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	945
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	285
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	75
Cree, n.o.s.	560
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	110
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	5
Ojibway languages	110
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	85
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	225
Northern Athabaskan languages	225
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	225
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	35
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	15
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	10
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,870
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,950
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	25
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	360
Bilen	30
Oromo	60
Somali	205
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	65
Semitic languages	3,560
Amharic	170
Arabic	2,320
Aramaic languages	615
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	320
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	250
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	410
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,590
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	1,515
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	8,995
Bikol	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170
Cebuano	455
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	115
Ilocano	350
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	35
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,535
Waray-Waray	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	870
Kannada	55
Malayalam	480
Tamil	180
Telugu	145
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	24,210
Albanian	65
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	4,455
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	4,425
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	50
Macedonian	45
Polish	460
Russian	810
Rusyn	35
Serbo-Croatian	455
Bosnian	125
Croatian	140
Serbian	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	2,515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,715
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,780
German	1,745
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	785
Afrikaans	180
Dutch	235
Low German, n.o.s.	50
Low Saxon	15
Plautdietsch	290
Vlaams (Flemish)	20
Scandinavian languages	150
Danish	50
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	60
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	185
Indo-Iranian languages	13,460
Indo-Aryan languages	12,110
Assamese	5
Bengali	2,175
Gujarati	1,620
Hindi	870
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	5
Marathi	90
Nepali	330
Oriya languages	25
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,085
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	105
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210
Urdu	3,530
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	1,350
Baluchi	70
Kurdish	95
Parsi	0
Pashto	255
Persian languages	920
Dari	160
Iranian Persian	665
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	3,215
Catalan	0
Italian	190
Portuguese	550
Romanian	330
Spanish	2,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	105
Korean	450
Mongolian	45
Niger-Congo languages	1,165
Akan (Twi)	105
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	10
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	125
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	10
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	70
Shona	45
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	170
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	355
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160
Nilo-Saharan languages	205
Dinka	65
Nuer	50
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	80
American Sign Language	60
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,455
Chinese languages	7,120
Hakka	15
Mandarin	5,080
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,820
Chinese, n.o.s.	95
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	330
Burmese	85
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	230
S'gaw Karen	200
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	155
Lao	105
Thai	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	230
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	5
Turkish	165
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	310
Estonian	15
Finnish	30
Hungarian	270
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Multiple responses	9,900
English and French	1,055
English and non-official language(s)	7,770
French and non-official language(s)	105
English, French and non-official language(s)	175
Multiple non-official languages	785
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	262,570
English	204,355
French	535
Non-official language	14,120
Indigenous³⁹	155
Non-Indigenous	13,970
English and French	2,475
English and non-official language(s)	38,290
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010
Multiple non-official languages	1,710
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	262,570
Single responses	252,295
Official languages	220,835
English	219,995
French	840
Non-official languages	31,465
Indigenous languages³⁹	320
Algonquian languages	235
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	220
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	220
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20
Cree, n.o.s.	125
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	70
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	70
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,145
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,580
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	235
Bilen	20
Oromo	40
Somali	120
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55
Semitic languages	2,340
Amharic	110
Arabic	1,525
Aramaic languages	420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	215
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	185
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	270
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,210
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	1,185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,785
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75
Cebuano	275
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	190
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	15
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,995
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	565
Kannada	25
Malayalam	330
Tamil	120
Telugu	90
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	13,935
Albanian	30
Armenian	50
Balto-Slavic languages	1,640
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,630
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	10
Macedonian	25
Polish	160
Russian	520
Rusyn	20
Serbo-Croatian	205
Bosnian	50
Croatian	40
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	665
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	280
Frisian	0
High German languages	145
German	145
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115
Afrikaans	95
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	70
Indo-Iranian languages	10,085
Indo-Aryan languages	9,125
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,635
Gujarati	1,290
Hindi	575
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	60
Nepali	235
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,545
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	80
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115
Urdu	2,560
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	960
Baluchi	45
Kurdish	65
Parsi	0
Pashto	170
Persian languages	675
Dari	85
Iranian Persian	525
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,785
Catalan	0
Italian	50
Portuguese	300
Romanian	175
Spanish	1,265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	310
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	430
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	75
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	90
Dinka	25
Nuer	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	125
American Sign Language	95
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,770
Chinese languages	5,505
Hakka	5
Mandarin	4,195
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,175
Chinese, n.o.s.	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	265
Burmese	70
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	190
S'gaw Karen	165
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	50
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	115
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	85
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	80
Estonian	5
Finnish	0
Hungarian	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	10,270
English and French	410
English and non-official language(s)	9,440
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	115
Multiple non-official languages	260
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	262,570
None	227,275
English	13,200
French	2,090
Non-official language	14,845
Indigenous³⁹	1,080
Non-Indigenous	13,765
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	2,795
French and non-official language(s)	440
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	1,765
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	260,955
Official languages	257,270
English	257,180
French	16,990
Non-official languages	68,685
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,485
Algonquian languages	2,035
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	1,865
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	1,865
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	805
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	170
Cree, n.o.s.	860
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	220
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	215
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	170
Ojibway, n.o.s.	45
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	350
Northern Athabaskan languages	350
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	350
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	100
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	55
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	25
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	25
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,260
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,620
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	125
Hausa	110
Mina	15
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	460
Bilen	10
Oromo	85
Somali	235
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	130
Semitic languages	5,175
Amharic	415
Arabic	3,820
Aramaic languages	1,015
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	550
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	495
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45
Harari	0
Hebrew	130
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	90
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,055
Khmer (Cambodian)	80
Vietnamese	1,960
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	12,465
Bikol	95
Bisaya, n.o.s.	255
Cebuano	605
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	160
Ilocano	805
Indonesian	140
Kankanaey	120
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	140
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,050
Waray-Waray	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	350
Creole languages	335
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	40
Krio	20
Morisyen	160
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50
Dravidian languages	1,495
Kannada	130
Malayalam	770
Tamil	470
Telugu	335
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	32,610
Albanian	40
Armenian	70
Balto-Slavic languages	5,720
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	5,700
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	70
Czech	60
Macedonian	85
Polish	625
Russian	1,890
Rusyn	80
Serbo-Croatian	670
Bosnian	210
Croatian	300
Serbian	375
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	3,415
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	40
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	3,705
Frisian	10
High German languages	2,545
German	2,515
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005
Afrikaans	335
Dutch	275
Low German, n.o.s.	60
Low Saxon	15
Plautdietsch	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	305
Danish	75
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	165
Swedish	95
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	345
Indo-Iranian languages	17,550
Indo-Aryan languages	16,225
Assamese	0
Bengali	2,450
Gujarati	2,450
Hindi	5,520
Kacchi	15
Kashmiri	15
Konkani	15
Marathi	210
Nepali	540
Oriya languages	40
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,215
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	280
Urdu	5,800
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85
Iranian languages	1,720
Baluchi	170
Kurdish	85
Parsi	10
Pashto	445
Persian languages	1,125
Dari	250
Iranian Persian	780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Italic (Romance) languages	5,915
Catalan	0
Italian	535
Portuguese	705
Romanian	410
Spanish	4,555
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	520
Korean	505
Mongolian	35
Niger-Congo languages	2,695
Akan (Twi)	230
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40
Ga	35
Ganda	35
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	435
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65
Lingala	35
Luba-Kasai	15
Mòoré	0
Mwani	30
Ndebele	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	135
Shona	80
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	325
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	1,075
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	410
Nilo-Saharan languages	275
Dinka	90
Nuer	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135
African, n.o.s.	20
Sign languages	545
American Sign Language	480
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,530
Chinese languages	8,080
Hakka	40
Mandarin	6,290
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	2,370
Chinese, n.o.s.	120
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	435
Burmese	150
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	285
S'gaw Karen	245
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibetan	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	220
Lao	115
Thai	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	420
Azerbaijani	70
Kazakh	40
Turkish	310
Uyghur	25
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	295
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	260
Other languages, n.i.e.	45
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	29,885
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	29,015
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,735
Métis	13,170
Inuk (Inuit)	110
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	610
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	255
Non-Indigenous identity	231,070
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	260,955
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	246,690
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	107,055
Owner	69,520
Renter	37,530
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	107,055
Condominium	23,240
Not condominium	83,815
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	107,055
No bedrooms	740
1 bedroom	12,810
2 bedrooms	27,875
3 bedrooms	32,230
4 or more bedrooms	33,400
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	107,055
1 to 4 rooms	32,350
5 rooms	16,260
6 rooms	13,695
7 rooms	12,305
8 or more rooms	32,440
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	107,055
One person or fewer per room	103,755
More than one person per room	3,300
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	107,055
Suitable	101,280
Not suitable	5,775
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	107,055
1960 or before	17,005
1961 to 1980	32,470
1981 to 1990	16,145
1991 to 2000	8,770
2001 to 2005	5,150
2006 to 2010	7,190
2011 to 2015	11,355
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,975
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	107,055
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	102,570
Major repairs needed	4,480
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	107,055
One-maintainer household	53,030
Two-maintainer household	48,685
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,340
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	107,055
15 to 24 years	5,500
25 to 34 years	19,530
35 to 44 years	21,165
45 to 54 years	17,295
55 to 64 years	18,790
65 to 74 years	13,820
75 to 84 years	7,490
85 years and over	3,460
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	106,525
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	82,955
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	23,570
30% to less than 100%	21,535
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	107,050
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	31,280
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	21,345
Not suitable only	4,430
Major repairs needed only	3,030
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,025
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,135
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65
Acceptable housing	75,770
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	104,490
In core need	11,110
Not in core need	93,375
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,500
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,528
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	393,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,535
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1
% in core housing need⁶³	22.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	260,955
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,180
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,635
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	11,385
Métis single ancestry	3,220
Inuit single ancestry	30
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	545
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15,490
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,150
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,540
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	230,285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	260,955
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	230,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	51,375
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	179,330
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30,250
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	260,955
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	202,400
Immigrants⁸¹	53,210
Before 1980	4,000
1980 to 1990	2,345
1991 to 2000	3,625
2001 to 2010	11,980
2011 to 2021⁸²	31,265
2011 to 2015	14,225
2016 to 2021	17,035
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,345
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,215
Under 5 years	5,110
5 to 14 years	10,420
15 to 24 years	7,760
25 to 44 years	24,940
45 years and over	4,980
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,215
Americas	4,050
Brazil	180
Colombia	305
El Salvador	330
Guyana	45
Haiti	15
Jamaica	435
Mexico	405
Peru	95
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	1,470
Other places of birth in Americas	730
Europe	6,900
Bosnia and Herzegovina	260
Croatia	105
France	95
Germany	500
Greece	155
Hungary	55
Italy	195
Netherlands	185
Poland	430
Portugal	125
Romania	295
Russian Federation	260
Serbia⁸⁶	175
Ukraine	1,100
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,050
Other places of birth in Europe	910
Africa	5,995
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180
Egypt	375
Eritrea	485
Ethiopia	340
Morocco	90
Nigeria	2,090
Somalia	120
South Africa, Republic of	380
Other places of birth in Africa	1,925
Asia	36,015
Afghanistan	200
Iran⁸⁸	660
Iraq	1,205
Lebanon	110
Syria⁸⁹	655
Turkey	155
China⁹⁰	4,695
Hong Kong⁹¹	445
Korea, South⁹²	285
Taiwan	85
Philippines	11,835
Viet Nam	1,510
Bangladesh	1,830
India	5,845
Pakistan	3,970
Sri Lanka	290
Other places of birth in Asia	2,225
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	245
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	17,040
Americas	1,010
Brazil	80
Colombia	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	195
Mexico	125
United States of America	440
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other places of birth in Americas	110
Europe	950
France	25
Germany	35
Ireland⁹⁶	35
Italy	30
Russian Federation	50
Ukraine	295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170
Other places of birth in Europe	305
Africa	2,955
Algeria	0
Burundi	65
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	200
Eritrea	295
Ethiopia	170
Morocco	35
Nigeria	1,525
Somalia	50
South Africa, Republic of	40
Sudan⁹⁷	130
Tunisia	20
Other places of birth in Africa	335
Asia	12,045
Afghanistan	35
Bangladesh	700
China⁹⁰	2,315
Hong Kong⁹¹	120
India	2,820
Iran⁸⁸	295
Iraq	260
Israel	30
Japan	20
Jordan	45
Korea, South⁹²	55
Lebanon	35
Nepal	75
Pakistan	815
Philippines	2,845
Saudi Arabia	130
Sri Lanka	15
Syria⁸⁹	590
Turkey	20
United Arab Emirates	130
Viet Nam	485
Other places of birth in Asia	225
Oceania and other⁹³	80
Australia	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	260,955
First generation¹⁰⁰	60,055
Second generation¹⁰¹	34,880
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,015
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	49,215
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	34,395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,025
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	21,370
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,845
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,875
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	49,215
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	795
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,315
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,630
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,860
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	37,445
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	260,955
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	64,530
South Asian	18,880
Chinese	9,255
Black	8,325
Filipino	14,355
Arab	3,040
Latin American	2,545
Southeast Asian	3,455
West Asian	1,705
Korean	520
Japanese	295
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	480
Multiple visible minorities	1,670
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	196,425
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	260,955
Canadian	20,900
English	48,140
Irish	33,855
Scottish	40,355
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,655
German	59,110
Chinese	9,825
Italian	3,205
Indian (India)	7,295
Ukrainian	37,740
Dutch	7,195
Polish	13,990
Québécois	205
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,770
Filipino	13,320
French Canadian	1,390
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,850
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,320
Métis	12,010
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,550
Russian	9,310
Norwegian	16,175
Welsh	4,785
Portuguese	785
American	2,885
Spanish	1,850
Swedish	6,710
Hungarian	5,520
Acadian	260
Pakistani	4,120
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,520
Jewish	830
Punjabi	1,535
Vietnamese	2,085
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935
Greek	770
Jamaican	660
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,235
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	6,510
Korean	565
Romanian	2,070
Lebanese	395
Iranian	785
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	840
Danish	2,155
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,265
Sikh	925
Austrian	3,355
Belgian	1,870
Haitian	40
Hindu	1,250
Mexican	690
Mennonite	2,885
Swiss	1,105
Finnish	1,175
Sri Lankan	275
Croatian	800
Japanese	500
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	695
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,550
Muslim	1,020
Egyptian	450
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395
Tamil	135
Icelandic	1,930
Colombian	290
Moroccan	135
Czech	1,355
Syrian	405
Guyanese	135
Afghan	425
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	255
Serbian	395
Ojibway	445
Newfoundlander	145
Hong Konger	185
Ontarian	75
Persian	255
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155
Turkish	315
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145
Bangladeshi	1,815
Algerian	0
Brazilian	375
Nigerian	1,005
Armenian	135
Slovak	410
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	410
Somali	145
Taiwanese	110
Iraqi	1,055
Salvadorean	360
African Caribbean	100
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	655
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	365
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55
Algonquin	75
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30
Lithuanian	280
South African	350
Australian	315
Palestinian	15
Chilean	460
Congolese	235
Nova Scotian	35
Ethiopian	250
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	220
Peruvian	130
Yoruba	1,070
Cambodian (Khmer)	175
Berber	30
Albanian	85
Maltese	55
Macedonian	65
Slovenian	190
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	465
Eritrean	495
African Canadian	110
Israeli	45
Mohawk	140
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	440
Bulgarian	90
Albertan	55
Ghanaian	185
Barbadian	25
African American	220
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	150
Cuban	90
Bosnian	215
Venezuelan	75
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10
Latvian	75
Bengali	355
Cameroonian	125
Guatemalan	80
Indonesian	125
Laotian	200
Ilocano	340
Northern Irish	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130
British Columbian	25
Ecuadorian	105
Franco Ontarian	15
Argentinian	60
Estonian	120
Kurdish	70
Fijian	35
Jatt	120
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85
Coptic	20
Thai	205
Dominican	70
Nepali	385
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	160
Igbo	380
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	770
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	185
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70
New Zealander	155
Sudanese	375
Breton	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	140
Malaysian	60
Plains Cree	1,085
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35
Huron (Wendat)	25
Saskatchewanian	1,135
Buddhist	30
Gaspesian	0
Norman	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	50
Ivorian	20
Saulteaux	950
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140
Burundian	150
Tigrinya	210
Nicaraguan	50
Mauritian	120
Kenyan	80
Oji-Cree	50
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	25
Manitoban	60
Cape Bretoner	40
Rwandan	30
Grenadian	0
Malayali	105
Chaldean	430
Sinhalese	125
Mayan	55
Honduran	20
Cherokee	65
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	115
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	35
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	45
Malay	140
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45
Tibetan	75
Zimbabwean	100
Burmese	170
Mongolian	105
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	85
Oromo	110
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	10
Central African	15
Libyan	85
Basque	40
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	85
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30
Igorot	250
Fulani	15
Woodland Cree	260
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	80
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	15
Kashmiri	55
Singaporean	0
Karen	295
Edo	65
Tajik	30
Amhara	45
Paraguayan	15
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	260,955
Buddhist	1,935
Christian	134,900
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20,965
Anabaptist	3,325
Anglican	5,570
Baptist	2,705
Catholic	63,175
Christian Orthodox	3,940
Jehovah's Witness	1,020
Latter Day Saints	530
Lutheran	6,965
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	780
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,645
Presbyterian	970
Reformed	95
United Church	14,250
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	6,965
Hindu	5,125
Jewish	565
Muslim	12,985
Sikh	3,155
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,650
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,065
No religion and secular perspectives	98,575
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	257,900
Non-movers	216,480
Movers	41,420
Non-migrants	30,175
Migrants	11,245
Internal migrants	8,605
Intraprovincial migrants	5,185
Interprovincial migrants	3,420
External migrants	2,640
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	245,255
Non-movers	134,260
Movers	111,000
Non-migrants	64,365
Migrants	46,635
Internal migrants	30,325
Intraprovincial migrants	21,220
Interprovincial migrants	9,105
External migrants	16,310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	182,190
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,570
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	129,120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	212,515
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,535
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	62,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	122,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	56,965
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,400
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	33,810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,515
Bachelor's degree or higher	65,195
Bachelor's degree	43,930
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,930
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,125
Master's degree	12,840
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,375
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	140,690
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,075
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,855
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	94,760
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,645
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,230
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,505
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285
Bachelor's degree or higher	53,115
Bachelor's degree	35,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,815
Master's degree	11,060
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,685
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	212,515
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90,355
Education	11,250
13. Education	11,250
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	380
50. Visual and performing arts	2,545
Humanities	5,610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410
23. English language and literature/letters	1,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115
38. Philosophy and religious studies	475
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,160
54. History	750
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	875
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,780
22. Legal professions and studies	1,870
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215
42. Psychology	2,305
45. Social sciences	3,970
Business, management and public administration	25,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,400
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,005
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,370
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80
40. Physical sciences	1,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	420
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,925
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,905
25. Library science	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	23,310
04. Architecture and related services	785
14. Engineering	6,625
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	5,080
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,960
48. Precision production	2,165
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,715
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,010
03. Natural resources and conservation	710
Health and related fields	21,445
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,575
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	19,180
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	650
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,030
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,830
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	1,110
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070
Other¹⁷⁹	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	140,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,925
Education	7,475
13. Education	7,475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,395
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280
50. Visual and performing arts	2,110
Humanities	4,145
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310
23. English language and literature/letters	1,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	865
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	335
39. Theology and religious vocations	785
54. History	560
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	205
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	790
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,345
22. Legal professions and studies	1,565
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170
42. Psychology	1,765
45. Social sciences	3,295
Business, management and public administration	20,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,890
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,690
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65
40. Physical sciences	1,245
41. Science technologies/technicians	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,440
25. Library science	255
27. Mathematics and statistics	405
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,665
04. Architecture and related services	665
14. Engineering	5,595
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,780
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	3,980
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,955
48. Precision production	1,690
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,880
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,305
03. Natural resources and conservation	580
Health and related fields	16,315
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	14,525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	555
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,625
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,840
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	900
49. Transportation and materials moving	875
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	140,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	94,760
Location of study inside Canada	74,060
Same as province or territory of residence	61,110
Different than province or territory of residence	12,950
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,700
Americas	2,340
United States of America	1,520
Mexico	135
Cuba	30
Haiti	0
Jamaica	155
Brazil	155
Colombia	90
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	180
Europe	2,450
Belgium	10
France	90
Germany	115
Netherlands	50
Switzerland	10
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	50
Poland	135
Romania	75
Russian Federation	100
Ukraine	545
Ireland⁹⁶	110
United Kingdom⁸⁷	790
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	60
Other locations of study in Europe	235
Africa	1,715
Nigeria	830
Algeria	10
Morocco	55
Tunisia	0
Egypt	205
South Africa, Republic of	185
Other locations of study in Africa	420
Asia	13,890
Iran⁸⁸	305
Iraq	120
Israel	35
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	70
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	1,870
Taiwan	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	65
Japan	65
Korea, South⁹²	150
Philippines	5,025
Viet Nam	220
Bangladesh	880
Sri Lanka	70
India	3,175
Pakistan	1,400
Other locations of study in Asia	340
Oceania	305
Australia	230
New Zealand	75
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	212,515
In the labour force	144,115
Employed	131,550
Unemployed	12,570
Not in the labour force	68,395
Participation rate	67.8
Employment rate	61.9
Unemployment rate	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	212,515
Did not work¹⁸⁶	71,030
Worked	141,485
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	74,845
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	66,635
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	144,115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	140,620
Employee	123,425
Permanent position	100,285
Temporary position	23,145
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,620
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15,530
Self-employed¹⁹²	17,195
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	144,115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500
All occupations¹⁹¹	140,620
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,230
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,005
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,830
3 Health occupations	14,525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,825
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,645
6 Sales and service occupations	36,310
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,965
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,360
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,930
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	144,115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500
All industries¹⁹¹	140,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,865
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,975
22 Utilities	960
23 Construction	11,220
31-33 Manufacturing	8,155
41 Wholesale trade	5,315
44-45 Retail trade	15,890
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,425
51 Information and cultural industries	2,445
52 Finance and insurance	4,235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,290
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,950
55 Management of companies and enterprises	330
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,835
61 Educational services	14,400
62 Health care and social assistance	21,860
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,760
72 Accommodation and food services	10,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,830
91 Public administration	7,610
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	153,090
English	147,645
French	355
Non-official language	925
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	920
English and French	965
English and non-official language(s)	3,110
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	153,090
Single responses	152,450
Official languages	150,855
English	150,290
French	565
Non-official languages	1,600
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,580
Afro-Asiatic languages	25
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	0
Arabic	25
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	85
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	375
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	55
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	25
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	235
Indo-Aryan languages	220
Bengali	15
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	810
Chinese languages	775
Hakka	0
Mandarin	665
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	25
S'gaw Karen	25
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	640
English and French	115
English and non-official language(s)	515
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	153,090
None	149,505
English	785
French	650
Non-official language	1,775
Indigenous³⁹	115
Non-Indigenous	1,655
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	255
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	131,550
Worked at home	22,460
Worked outside Canada	305
No fixed workplace address	16,610
Usual place of work	92,180
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	92,180
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	84,075
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,620
Commute to a different province or territory	690
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	108,790
Car, truck or van	97,085
Car, truck or van - as a driver	89,880
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	7,200
Public transit	3,660
Walked	4,385
Bicycle	1,470
Other method	2,190
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	108,790
Less than 15 minutes	41,950
15 to 29 minutes	54,235
30 to 44 minutes	7,855
45 to 59 minutes	1,800
60 minutes and over	2,950
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	108,790
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,930
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	33,160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,020
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,800
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	16,905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	58,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,585
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	53,685
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	41,445
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,470
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,205
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,975

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed October 12, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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