Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SudburyMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	95,537	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	91,532	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,861	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	43,353	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	113.3	...	...	113.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	843.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,535	46,225	49,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,885	7,045	6,835	14.5	15.2	13.9
0 to 4 years	4,220	2,155	2,065	4.4	4.7	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,895	2,425	2,470	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	4,770	2,460	2,305	5.0	5.3	4.7
15 to 64 years	60,900	30,215	30,685	63.7	65.4	62.2
15 to 19 years	4,725	2,345	2,380	4.9	5.1	4.8
20 to 24 years	6,855	3,555	3,300	7.2	7.7	6.7
25 to 29 years	6,990	3,595	3,390	7.3	7.8	6.9
30 to 34 years	6,150	3,110	3,040	6.4	6.7	6.2
35 to 39 years	5,750	2,865	2,880	6.0	6.2	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,500	2,695	2,810	5.8	5.8	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,435	2,705	2,730	5.7	5.9	5.5
50 to 54 years	5,740	2,845	2,895	6.0	6.2	5.9
55 to 59 years	6,935	3,380	3,555	7.3	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,815	3,115	3,710	7.1	6.7	7.5
65 years and over	20,755	8,970	11,790	21.7	19.4	23.9
65 to 69 years	5,865	2,680	3,190	6.1	5.8	6.5
70 to 74 years	5,045	2,370	2,675	5.3	5.1	5.4
75 to 79 years	3,710	1,650	2,060	3.9	3.6	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,885	1,205	1,685	3.0	2.6	3.4
85 years and over	3,250	1,070	2,175	3.4	2.3	4.4
85 to 89 years	1,955	715	1,240	2.0	1.5	2.5
90 to 94 years	970	290	675	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	275	55	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.2	13.9	14.5	15.2	13.9
15 to 64 years	63.7	65.4	62.2	63.7	65.4	62.2
65 years and over	21.7	19.4	23.9	21.7	19.4	23.9
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.4	3.4	2.3	4.4
Average age of the population	43.4	41.9	44.8	43.4	41.9	44.8
Median age of the population	43.2	41.2	45.2	43.2	41.2	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,950	...	...	48.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,135	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	2,200	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,335	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,740	...	...	22.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,775	...	...	11.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,850	...	...	36.6	...	...
2 persons	15,100	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 persons	5,780	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	4,510	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,110	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,965	45,180	47,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,655	39,185	42,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,570	20,690	20,875	50.9	52.8	49.1
Married	30,995	15,430	15,560	38.0	39.4	36.6
Living common-law	10,575	5,265	5,315	13.0	13.4	12.5
Living common law - Never married	7,840	3,910	3,925	9.6	10.0	9.2
Living common law - Separated	590	315	280	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,850	915	930	2.3	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	295	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,085	18,490	21,600	49.1	47.2	50.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,990	13,650	11,340	30.6	34.8	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,120	1,320	1,800	3.8	3.4	4.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,585	2,215	3,370	6.8	5.7	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,390	1,305	5,080	7.8	3.3	12.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,760	...	...	57.6	...	...
3 persons	5,235	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	4,080	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,545	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,240	...	...	79.0	...	...
Married couples	14,955	...	...	58.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,865	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	8,090	...	...	31.6	...	...
Common-law couples	5,285	...	...	20.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,935	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	3,350	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,370	...	...	21.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,195	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,175	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,970	45,175	47,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,790	34,050	35,740	75.1	75.4	74.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,480	20,180	20,305	43.5	44.7	42.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,370	1,180	4,190	5.8	2.6	8.8
Children⁶	23,935	12,695	11,245	25.7	28.1	23.5
In a two-parent family	15,675	8,310	7,360	16.9	18.4	15.4
In a one-parent family	8,265	4,385	3,885	8.9	9.7	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,180	11,130	12,050	24.9	24.6	25.2
Living alone	15,850	7,115	8,740	17.0	15.7	18.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,080	975	1,105	2.2	2.2	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,240	3,035	2,205	5.6	6.7	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,325	...	...	53.8	...	...
Couple-family households	18,820	...	...	43.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,215	...	...	18.9	...	...
Without children	10,605	...	...	24.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,505	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	640	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,310	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	15,850	...	...	36.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,095	38,135	40,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,675	36,875	39,795	96.9	96.7	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	38,000	42,400	47,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,735	36,910	39,820	97.0	96.8	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,615	33,030	34,585	85.5	86.6	84.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	30,400	36,400	43,200	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,700	28,015	25,680	67.9	73.5	62.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	33,600	36,800	41,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,120	33,220	36,900	88.7	87.1	90.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,700	11,500	10,200	8,700	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,585	3,620	3,965	9.6	9.5	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,640	5,720	5,680	5,640	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,545	9,185	10,360	24.7	24.1	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,560	36,810	39,755	96.9	96.5	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,450	60,400	47,000	53,450	60,400	47,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,625	36,855	39,775	97.0	96.7	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	49,600	40,600	44,920	49,600	40,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,495	32,935	34,560	85.4	86.4	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	57,250	40,960	48,880	57,250	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,630	27,845	25,780	67.9	73.0	63.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,760	53,150	41,920	47,760	53,150	41,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,995	33,105	36,890	88.6	86.8	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,310	10,210	12,300	11,310	10,210	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,445	3,505	3,940	9.4	9.2	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,610	7,230	6,940	6,610	7,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,520	9,140	10,380	24.7	24.0	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,730	8,580	8,850	8,730	8,580	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,525	13,345	11,180	31.0	35.0	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	72,000	59,600	65,000	72,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,600	82,700	67,200	75,600	82,700	67,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,165	9,475	10,690	25.5	24.8	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,400	16,800	18,400	20,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560	31,640	23,940	27,560	31,640	23,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	84.8	75.8	80.6	84.8	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	66.6	57.8	62.6	66.6	57.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.4	15.2	24.3	19.4	15.2	24.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.0	5.9	4.9	4.0	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.5	4.9	4.2	3.5	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,100	38,140	40,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,420	1,260	1,160	3.1	3.3	2.8
With total income	76,675	36,880	39,800	96.9	96.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,065	2,240	2,825	6.6	6.1	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,125	3,810	5,315	11.9	10.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,535	4,660	6,875	15.0	12.6	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,105	4,250	5,850	13.2	11.5	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,155	4,460	4,695	11.9	12.1	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,490	3,550	3,935	9.8	9.6	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	2,855	2,905	7.5	7.7	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,320	2,240	2,075	5.6	6.1	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	1,795	1,350	4.1	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465	1,400	1,060	3.2	3.8	2.7
$100,000 and over	8,510	5,605	2,905	11.1	15.2	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	6,205	3,880	2,325	8.1	10.5	5.8
$150,000 and over	2,305	1,730	575	3.0	4.7	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,100	38,140	40,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,365	1,220	1,140	3.0	3.2	2.8
With after-tax income	76,730	36,915	39,820	97.0	96.8	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,395	2,335	3,065	7.0	6.3	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,470	3,965	5,505	12.3	10.7	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,145	5,365	7,775	17.1	14.5	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,120	5,405	6,715	15.8	14.6	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,480	5,145	5,335	13.7	13.9	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,870	3,795	4,070	10.3	10.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,490	2,970	2,525	7.2	8.0	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,775	2,165	1,605	4.9	5.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	1,820	1,470	4.3	4.9	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	1,290	685	2.6	3.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,720	2,655	1,065	4.8	7.2	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,145	1,485	665	2.8	4.0	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,575	1,170	405	2.1	3.2	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,100	38,140	40,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,400	10,120	15,280	32.1	26.5	37.3
With employment income	53,695	28,020	25,680	67.9	73.5	62.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,515	4,750	3,770	15.9	17.0	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	3,945	1,715	2,230	7.3	6.1	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,195	2,815	3,385	11.5	10.0	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,950	2,290	2,665	9.2	8.2	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,685	2,210	2,470	8.7	7.9	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,595	2,200	2,395	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,260	2,025	2,235	7.9	7.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,480	1,765	1,715	6.5	6.3	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,625	1,480	1,140	4.9	5.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,055	1,225	835	3.8	4.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1,085	850	3.6	3.9	3.3
$100,000 and over	6,450	4,460	1,990	12.0	15.9	7.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,415	2,130	1,285	6.4	7.6	5.0
$125,000 and over	3,035	2,325	705	5.7	8.3	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,095	38,135	40,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,555	36,350	39,205	95.5	95.3	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	34,800	40,000	46,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,590	36,355	39,235	95.6	95.3	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	32,000	36,000	41,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,115	32,780	34,335	84.9	86.0	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	31,000	36,800	43,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,150	28,195	25,950	68.5	73.9	63.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,800	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,480	31,390	35,090	84.1	82.3	85.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	2,180	7,550	5,360	2,180	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,095	2,840	3,255	7.7	7.4	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640	5,640	5,640	5,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,490	36,245	39,245	95.5	95.1	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	58,400	43,800	50,800	58,400	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,535	36,250	39,280	95.6	95.1	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	47,640	37,680	42,440	47,640	37,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,005	32,625	34,380	84.8	85.6	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,840	57,700	40,440	48,840	57,700	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,980	27,935	26,045	68.3	73.3	63.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	53,050	41,120	47,280	53,050	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,410	31,270	35,140	84.0	82.0	85.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,480	7,490	9,350	8,480	7,490	9,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,000	2,675	3,335	7.6	7.0	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,840	7,440	7,170	6,840	7,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,445	13,300	11,140	30.9	34.9	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,500	55,200	60,800	68,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	79,100	61,900	71,300	79,100	61,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,070	8,900	10,170	24.1	23.3	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	24,400	21,000	22,600	24,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	36,800	28,040	32,120	36,800	28,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.0	80.8	85.4	89.0	80.8
Employment income (%)	66.6	70.0	62.3	66.6	70.0	62.3
Government transfers (%)	14.7	11.1	19.1	14.7	11.1	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,840	...	...	48,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,840	...	...	41,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	870	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,170	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,910	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,870	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,710	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,830	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,915	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,750	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,530	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,280	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,175	...	...	35.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,610	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,210	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,885	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,475	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	885	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,200	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,015	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,225	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,010	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,125	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,235	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,015	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,610	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,795	...	...	27.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,480	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,935	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,375	...	...	10.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,095	10,150	10,940	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,000	35,600	36,800	38,000	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	33,200	33,600	34,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,000	10,110	10,885	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,480	46,640	44,360	45,480	46,640	44,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,280	39,760	38,840	39,280	39,760	38,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,965	45,175	47,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,495	8,360	8,135	17.7	18.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	5,210	2,610	2,595	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	57,575	28,445	29,130	61.9	63.0	61.0
65 years and over	18,900	8,375	10,525	20.3	18.5	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,465	5,215	6,255	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,525	1,295	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	925	475	450	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,700	3,170	3,530	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,235	745	1,490	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.3	11.5	13.1	12.3	11.5	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	15.3	15.5	15.2	15.3	15.5	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	18.3	17.4	17.8	18.3	17.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.2	12.1	11.6	11.2	12.1
65 years and over (%)	11.8	8.9	14.1	11.8	8.9	14.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,970	45,175	47,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,490	8,360	8,135	17.7	18.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	5,205	2,610	2,600	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	57,570	28,440	29,130	61.9	63.0	61.0
65 years and over	18,900	8,375	10,525	20.3	18.5	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,065	2,690	2,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	375	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	130	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,060	2,200	1,865	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	115	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	6.0	5.0	5.5	6.0	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.1	4.6	5.1	4.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	7.7	6.4	7.1	7.7	6.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,965	45,175	47,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,455	22,315	25,140	51.0	49.4	52.6
In bottom decile	10,895	5,245	5,650	11.7	11.6	11.8
In second decile	9,730	4,245	5,490	10.5	9.4	11.5
In third decile	9,370	4,430	4,935	10.1	9.8	10.3
In fourth decile	8,930	4,240	4,685	9.6	9.4	9.8
In fifth decile	8,535	4,160	4,380	9.2	9.2	9.2
In top half of the distribution	45,510	22,860	22,655	49.0	50.6	47.4
In sixth decile	8,510	4,180	4,330	9.2	9.3	9.1
In seventh decile	8,930	4,485	4,445	9.6	9.9	9.3
In eighth decile	9,295	4,625	4,670	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	9,990	5,070	4,925	10.7	11.2	10.3
In top decile	8,780	4,500	4,285	9.4	10.0	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,970	...	...	92,970	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334	...	...	0.334	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	65,085	32,815	32,265	69.2	72.0	66.6
French only	745	300	450	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	27,865	12,350	15,510	29.6	27.1	32.0
Neither English nor French	315	120	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	77,590	38,370	39,215	82.5	84.2	81.0
French	15,560	6,830	8,730	16.6	15.0	18.0
English and French	565	280	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	285	105	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,860	43,570	46,290	95.6	95.6	95.6
Official languages	81,455	39,575	41,880	86.7	86.8	86.5
English	65,820	32,680	33,140	70.0	71.7	68.4
French	15,635	6,890	8,745	16.6	15.1	18.1
Non-official languages	8,410	3,995	4,410	8.9	8.8	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,270	3,945	4,330	8.8	8.7	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	325	175	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	170	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	350	205	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	150	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,485	2,650	2,835	5.8	5.8	5.9
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	385	555	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	895	365	530	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	465	215	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	330	150	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,560	880	680	1.7	1.9	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,460	825	635	1.6	1.8	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	365	235	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	245	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	445	245	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,390	1,100	1,285	2.5	2.4	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,580	705	870	1.7	1.5	1.8
Portuguese	225	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	550	250	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	695	275	420	0.7	0.6	0.9
Estonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	605	230	375	0.6	0.5	0.8
Hungarian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,140	2,015	2,130	4.4	4.4	4.4
English and French	2,635	1,245	1,395	2.8	2.7	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	645	610	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,565	36,435	37,135	78.3	79.9	76.7
French	4,725	2,040	2,685	5.0	4.5	5.5
Non-official language	1,775	810	965	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,755	805	955	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	7,610	3,190	4,420	8.1	7.0	9.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,525	2,720	2,805	5.9	6.0	5.8
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	515	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,265	44,375	46,890	97.1	97.3	96.8
Official languages	87,670	42,615	45,055	93.3	93.5	93.1
English	81,110	39,825	41,285	86.3	87.4	85.3
French	6,560	2,790	3,770	7.0	6.1	7.8
Non-official languages	3,590	1,755	1,830	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,555	1,750	1,810	3.8	3.8	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	230	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,335	1,155	1,185	2.5	2.5	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	235	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	85	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,065	610	450	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	990	575	420	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	275	175	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	190	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	935	405	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	485	190	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	325	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,745	1,210	1,530	2.9	2.7	3.2
English and French	1,465	580	885	1.6	1.3	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	565	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,000	45,585	48,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,495	40,325	42,165	87.8	88.5	87.1
English	3,035	1,365	1,665	3.2	3.0	3.4
French	4,575	1,980	2,595	4.9	4.3	5.4
Non-official language	2,950	1,400	1,545	3.1	3.1	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	240	110	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,715	1,295	1,420	2.9	2.8	2.9
English and French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	340	190	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	325	190	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	92,460	44,940	47,520	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	91,735	44,680	47,055	98.9	99.2	98.6
French	28,325	12,540	15,780	30.5	27.8	33.1
Non-official languages	12,540	6,095	6,445	13.5	13.5	13.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	520	245	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	520	245	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	450	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	445	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,035	5,850	6,185	13.0	13.0	13.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	495	280	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	465	260	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	440	245	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	110	235	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	85	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	515	300	210	0.6	0.7	0.4
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	205	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,880	3,930	3,950	8.5	8.7	8.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	480	615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	470	595	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	290	125	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	275	115	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	820	365	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	250	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	570	250	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,035	1,300	730	2.2	2.9	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,890	1,215	675	2.0	2.7	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	540	375	160	0.6	0.8	0.3
Hindi	1,145	725	420	1.2	1.6	0.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	720	455	265	0.8	1.0	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	205	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,905	1,755	2,150	4.2	3.9	4.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,330	1,045	1,290	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	350	180	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,365	570	795	1.5	1.3	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,050	455	595	1.1	1.0	1.2
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	375	160	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	285	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	610	270	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	185	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	730	340	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	660	300	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hungarian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,595	4,455	5,140	10.3	9.9	10.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,365	4,340	5,025	10.1	9.6	10.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,125	2,400	2,725	5.5	5.3	5.7
Métis	4,155	1,900	2,255	4.5	4.2	4.7
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	83,170	40,595	42,575	89.7	90.1	89.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,770	1,775	1,990	4.1	3.9	4.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,000	43,280	45,720	95.9	96.1	95.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,130	...	...	53.4	...	...
Renter	20,180	...	...	46.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,050	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not condominium	42,255	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	325	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	7,725	...	...	17.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,770	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,560	...	...	33.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,930	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,480	...	...	33.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,830	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,760	...	...	13.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,195	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,040	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,810	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	490	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,805	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,495	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,770	...	...	34.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,170	...	...	37.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,930	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,445	...	...	8.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	985	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,110	...	...	2.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	775	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,040	...	...	92.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,060	...	...	57.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,770	...	...	38.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,475	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,210	...	...	5.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,485	...	...	15.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,305	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,755	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,405	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,980	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,375	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,785	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,235	...	...	79.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,860	...	...	20.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,240	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,395	...	...	28.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,840	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,130	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,225	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	835	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,910	...	...	71.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,265	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	38,215	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,120	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.1	...	...	56.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,342	...	...	1,342	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	385,200	...	...	385,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...	32.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,765	45,060	47,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,960	1,920	2,045	4.3	4.3	4.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,900	1,895	2,010	4.2	4.2	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,950	1,420	1,530	3.2	3.2	3.2
Métis single ancestry	930	470	460	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,460	3,435	4,030	8.0	7.6	8.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,295	3,355	3,940	7.9	7.4	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,565	2,115	2,450	4.9	4.7	5.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,670	1,205	1,460	2.9	2.7	3.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	81,345	39,700	41,645	87.7	88.1	87.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,770	45,055	47,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	87,255	42,130	45,125	94.1	93.5	94.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,380	7,750	7,630	16.6	17.2	16.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,870	34,375	37,495	77.5	76.3	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,510	2,925	2,585	5.9	6.5	5.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,770	45,055	47,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,970	39,670	42,295	88.4	88.0	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	7,440	3,480	3,960	8.0	7.7	8.3
Before 1980	3,085	1,360	1,725	3.3	3.0	3.6
1980 to 1990	525	240	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	640	310	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	900	500	400	1.0	1.1	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,285	1,075	1,215	2.5	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2015	885	390	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,400	685	715	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,365	1,905	1,460	3.6	4.2	3.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,440	3,480	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	975	505	470	13.1	14.5	11.9
5 to 14 years	1,510	640	870	20.3	18.4	22.0
15 to 24 years	1,895	935	965	25.5	26.9	24.4
25 to 44 years	2,795	1,280	1,515	37.6	36.8	38.3
45 years and over	260	125	140	3.5	3.6	3.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,440	3,480	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	945	435	505	12.7	12.5	12.8
Brazil	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
Colombia	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Guyana	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Haiti	80	30	45	1.1	0.9	1.1
Jamaica	125	100	30	1.7	2.9	0.8
Mexico	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Peru	40	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
United States of America	355	165	190	4.8	4.7	4.8
Other places of birth in Americas	215	85	125	2.9	2.4	3.2
Europe	3,400	1,555	1,845	45.7	44.7	46.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	50	35	1.1	1.4	0.9
Croatia	95	35	55	1.3	1.0	1.4
France	50	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Germany	270	125	150	3.6	3.6	3.8
Greece	100	45	55	1.3	1.3	1.4
Hungary	35	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italy	1,005	465	540	13.5	13.4	13.6
Netherlands	60	25	40	0.8	0.7	1.0
Poland	160	50	105	2.2	1.4	2.7
Portugal	100	55	40	1.3	1.6	1.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	650	295	355	8.7	8.5	9.0
Other places of birth in Europe	700	325	380	9.4	9.3	9.6
Africa	1,175	555	620	15.8	15.9	15.7
Algeria	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	35	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Egypt	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	160	60	100	2.2	1.7	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	830	395	440	11.2	11.4	11.1
Asia	1,885	905	975	25.3	26.0	24.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	60	20	1.1	1.7	0.5
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	45	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
China⁹⁰	240	100	140	3.2	2.9	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	230	70	165	3.1	2.0	4.2
Viet Nam	115	60	55	1.5	1.7	1.4
Bangladesh	25	25	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
India	585	325	265	7.9	9.3	6.7
Pakistan	150	90	60	2.0	2.6	1.5
Sri Lanka	55	15	40	0.7	0.4	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	205	80	125	2.8	2.3	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,400	690	715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	105	95	14.3	15.2	13.3
Brazil	20	10	10	1.4	1.4	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.8	2.9	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	40	15	3.6	5.8	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	30	65	6.8	4.3	9.1
Europe	65	40	25	4.6	5.8	3.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	10	2.5	2.9	1.4
Africa	555	245	310	39.6	35.5	43.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	30	20	10	2.1	2.9	1.4
Cameroon	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Côte d'Ivoire	215	95	120	15.4	13.8	16.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	40	75	8.2	5.8	10.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	40	20	20	2.9	2.9	2.8
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	50	55	7.9	7.2	7.7
Asia	570	280	285	40.7	40.6	39.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	20	40	4.3	2.9	5.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	275	145	135	19.6	21.0	18.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	30	15	2.9	4.3	2.1
Philippines	85	30	60	6.1	4.3	8.4
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,255	5,580	5,675	12.1	12.4	11.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,065	5,495	5,575	11.9	12.2	11.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,445	33,985	36,465	75.9	75.4	76.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,360	2,125	2,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,315	1,170	1,145	53.1	55.1	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	995	620	375	22.8	29.2	16.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,315	545	770	30.2	25.6	34.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,325	620	705	30.4	29.2	31.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	275	320	13.6	12.9	14.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	120	60	65	2.8	2.8	2.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,360	2,125	2,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	180	165	8.0	8.5	7.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	485	235	250	11.1	11.1	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	110	75	4.2	5.2	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	465	265	210	10.7	12.5	9.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	20	55	1.8	0.9	2.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,785	1,315	1,475	63.9	61.9	66.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,075	4,655	4,420	9.8	10.3	9.3
South Asian	2,625	1,625	1,000	2.8	3.6	2.1
Chinese	750	345	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	3,535	1,670	1,865	3.8	3.7	3.9
Filipino	370	130	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	300	170	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	600	280	325	0.6	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	280	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	83,695	40,400	43,295	90.2	89.7	90.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,770	45,055	47,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,345	6,995	7,350	15.5	15.5	15.4
English	15,625	7,820	7,795	16.8	17.4	16.3
Irish	17,500	8,210	9,295	18.9	18.2	19.5
Scottish	14,785	7,200	7,580	15.9	16.0	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,695	11,185	12,510	25.5	24.8	26.2
German	7,290	3,490	3,795	7.9	7.7	8.0
Chinese	830	400	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	8,635	4,245	4,390	9.3	9.4	9.2
Indian (India)	1,605	1,000	605	1.7	2.2	1.3
Ukrainian	4,590	2,185	2,400	4.9	4.8	5.0
Dutch	2,145	1,050	1,095	2.3	2.3	2.3
Polish	3,290	1,575	1,710	3.5	3.5	3.6
Québécois	600	300	295	0.6	0.7	0.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,410	1,235	1,180	2.6	2.7	2.5
Filipino	395	140	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	5,525	2,425	3,100	6.0	5.4	6.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,550	1,240	1,310	2.7	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,430	1,585	1,845	3.7	3.5	3.9
Métis	3,805	1,775	2,030	4.1	3.9	4.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,100	540	550	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	680	360	320	0.7	0.8	0.7
Norwegian	610	300	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Welsh	1,235	590	645	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	530	270	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
American	740	365	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	540	190	340	0.6	0.4	0.7
Swedish	945	475	465	1.0	1.1	1.0
Hungarian	495	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	570	270	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	800	350	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
Jewish	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	145	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Greek	360	160	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	430	280	155	0.5	0.6	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	360	145	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	240	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	240	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	130	90	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	325	130	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,280	650	630	1.4	1.4	1.3
Sikh	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	525	220	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belgian	320	130	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	265	170	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	55	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	4,790	2,305	2,480	5.2	5.1	5.2
Sri Lankan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	685	350	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
Japanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	290	160	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	330	185	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Syrian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	1,330	670	660	1.4	1.5	1.4
Newfoundlander	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	730	340	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	310	125	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Armenian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	455	175	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	315	160	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	170	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	95	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	690	290	395	0.7	0.6	0.8
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	340	140	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Burundian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,770	45,055	47,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	55,660	25,505	30,155	60.0	56.6	63.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,280	1,975	2,300	4.6	4.4	4.8
Anabaptist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,725	1,225	1,495	2.9	2.7	3.1
Baptist	1,010	430	575	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	38,095	17,595	20,500	41.1	39.1	43.0
Christian Orthodox	570	260	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	425	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,345	600	750	1.4	1.3	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,155	455	700	1.2	1.0	1.5
Presbyterian	630	295	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,590	1,610	1,980	3.9	3.6	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,640	765	870	1.8	1.7	1.8
Hindu	1,155	750	405	1.2	1.7	0.8
Jewish	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,320	720	595	1.4	1.6	1.2
Sikh	480	280	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	305	115	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	625	255	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	32,785	17,220	15,565	35.3	38.2	32.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,995	44,645	47,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,550	39,215	41,325	87.6	87.8	87.3
Movers	11,445	5,430	6,015	12.4	12.2	12.7
Non-migrants	8,160	3,815	4,350	8.9	8.5	9.2
Migrants	3,280	1,615	1,670	3.6	3.6	3.5
Internal migrants	2,765	1,340	1,430	3.0	3.0	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,275	1,100	1,175	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	515	275	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,605	43,010	45,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	52,565	25,435	27,130	59.3	59.1	59.5
Movers	36,035	17,570	18,470	40.7	40.9	40.5
Non-migrants	22,605	10,800	11,800	25.5	25.1	25.9
Migrants	13,435	6,770	6,665	15.2	15.7	14.6
Internal migrants	9,355	4,555	4,795	10.6	10.6	10.5
Intraprovincial migrants	7,750	3,680	4,065	8.7	8.6	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,605	870	730	1.8	2.0	1.6
External migrants	4,080	2,215	1,865	4.6	5.1	4.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,130	7,645	7,490	19.1	20.0	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,890	30,490	33,400	80.9	80.0	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,660	23,940	24,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,375	3,010	2,365	11.0	12.6	9.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,280	20,930	22,350	88.9	87.4	90.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,505	6,720	6,780	17.1	17.6	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,070	10,345	10,725	26.7	27.1	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,445	21,065	23,380	56.2	55.2	57.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,880	13,320	13,555	34.0	34.9	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,600	3,350	1,250	5.8	8.8	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315	1,495	830	2.9	3.9	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	1,860	420	2.9	4.9	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,120	9,535	11,585	26.7	25.0	28.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,160	440	720	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,565	7,740	9,825	22.2	20.3	24.0
Bachelor's degree	12,255	5,260	6,995	15.5	13.8	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,150	455	695	1.5	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	450	270	180	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	3,055	1,350	1,705	3.9	3.5	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	660	410	250	0.8	1.1	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,660	23,940	24,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,565	2,585	1,975	9.4	10.8	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,620	6,240	5,375	23.9	26.1	21.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,475	15,110	17,365	66.7	63.1	70.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,335	9,515	9,815	39.7	39.7	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,780	2,015	765	5.7	8.4	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,450	970	480	3.0	4.1	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330	1,050	280	2.7	4.4	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,860	7,235	8,630	32.6	30.2	34.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	690	265	425	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,145	5,595	7,545	27.0	23.4	30.5
Bachelor's degree	8,975	3,790	5,185	18.4	15.8	21.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	855	310	540	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	175	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,510	1,030	1,480	5.2	4.3	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475	290	185	1.0	1.2	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,570	17,065	17,510	43.8	44.8	42.8
Education	2,390	580	1,810	3.0	1.5	4.4
13. Education	2,390	580	1,810	3.0	1.5	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,145	590	560	1.4	1.5	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	135	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	970	455	515	1.2	1.2	1.3
Humanities	1,970	740	1,230	2.5	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	25	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	380	120	265	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	160	390	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	90	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	320	200	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	25	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,550	1,820	3,725	7.0	4.8	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	640	235	400	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220	140	1,085	1.5	0.4	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	970	420	550	1.2	1.1	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	960	255	705	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,475	725	750	1.9	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	8,045	2,880	5,165	10.2	7.6	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,440	280	1,160	1.8	0.7	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,600	2,600	4,000	8.4	6.8	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,160	1,170	985	2.7	3.1	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	810	340	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	920	660	265	1.2	1.7	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,420	885	535	1.8	2.3	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,060	720	345	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	125	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,320	9,300	1,020	13.1	24.4	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	220	145	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,785	1,420	365	2.3	3.7	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,275	2,895	385	4.1	7.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,535	55	2.0	4.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,390	2,310	85	3.0	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,055	1,005	50	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	725	370	360	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	125	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	245	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	8,030	1,460	6,570	10.2	3.8	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	730	280	445	0.9	0.7	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,120	1,090	6,025	9.0	2.9	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,665	1,255	1,410	3.4	3.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,405	345	1,060	1.8	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	785	485	305	1.0	1.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	475	425	50	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,660	23,940	24,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,185	8,825	7,355	33.3	36.9	29.8
Education	1,475	345	1,130	3.0	1.4	4.6
13. Education	1,475	345	1,130	3.0	1.4	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	855	450	405	1.8	1.9	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	355	390	1.5	1.5	1.6
Humanities	1,210	455	750	2.5	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	10	90	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	220	80	140	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	340	90	250	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	60	65	0.2	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	225	125	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,335	1,335	3,000	8.9	5.6	12.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	570	210	365	1.2	0.9	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	975	95	880	2.0	0.4	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	765	320	440	1.6	1.3	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	730	180	550	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,065	485	580	2.2	2.0	2.3
Business, management and public administration	5,985	2,100	3,890	12.3	8.8	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,175	225	955	2.4	0.9	3.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,805	1,875	2,930	9.9	7.8	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,570	820	750	3.2	3.4	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	615	250	365	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	660	460	200	1.4	1.9	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,035	695	340	2.1	2.9	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	835	590	235	1.7	2.5	1.0
25. Library science	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	65	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,360	6,520	840	15.1	27.2	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	170	105	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,390	1,060	335	2.9	4.4	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,415	2,130	285	5.0	8.9	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,005	960	50	2.1	4.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,640	1,575	70	3.4	6.6	0.3
48. Precision production	735	700	40	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	290	280	1.2	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	105	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	320	190	130	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,935	1,095	4,840	12.2	4.6	19.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	515	225	295	1.1	0.9	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,265	810	4,450	10.8	3.4	18.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,135	1,010	1,125	4.4	4.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,115	285	830	2.3	1.2	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	400	255	1.3	1.7	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	325	40	0.7	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	48,660	23,940	24,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,185	8,825	7,355	33.3	36.9	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,475	15,115	17,360	66.7	63.1	70.2
Location of study inside Canada	29,820	13,825	15,995	61.3	57.7	64.7
Same as province or territory of residence	28,465	13,170	15,300	58.5	55.0	61.9
Different than province or territory of residence	1,345	655	695	2.8	2.7	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,655	1,290	1,375	5.5	5.4	5.6
Americas	690	305	385	1.4	1.3	1.6
United States of America	405	205	195	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	30	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Europe	370	210	160	0.8	0.9	0.6
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	550	260	290	1.1	1.1	1.2
Nigeria	235	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	250	130	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	935	450	485	1.9	1.9	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	545	295	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pakistan	50	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	80	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	110	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,015	38,130	40,885	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,315	24,370	22,950	...	...	...
Employed	41,815	21,670	20,150	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,500	2,700	2,800	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,700	13,760	17,940	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	59.9	63.9	56.1
Employment rate	52.9	56.8	49.3	52.9	56.8	49.3
Unemployment rate	11.6	11.1	12.2	11.6	11.1	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,015	38,130	40,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,395	14,170	18,225	41.0	37.2	44.6
Worked	46,615	23,955	22,660	59.0	62.8	55.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,225	13,775	11,450	31.9	36.1	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,395	10,185	11,210	27.1	26.7	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.0	40.7	41.4	42.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,315	24,365	22,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	695	575	2.7	2.9	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,040	23,670	22,370	97.3	97.1	97.5
Employee	41,855	21,155	20,700	88.5	86.8	90.2
Permanent position	34,590	17,710	16,875	73.1	72.7	73.5
Temporary position	7,270	3,445	3,820	15.4	14.1	16.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,200	1,000	1,200	4.6	4.1	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,070	2,445	2,625	10.7	10.0	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,185	2,510	1,675	8.8	10.3	7.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,315	24,365	22,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	695	575	2.7	2.9	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,040	23,670	22,370	97.3	97.1	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	390	220	170	0.8	0.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,175	2,705	5,470	17.3	11.1	23.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,555	2,715	835	7.5	11.1	3.6
3 Health occupations	4,665	935	3,735	9.9	3.8	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,850	1,710	4,140	12.4	7.0	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	965	415	555	2.0	1.7	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	12,315	5,845	6,470	26.0	24.0	28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,550	6,900	650	16.0	28.3	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,620	1,415	205	3.4	5.8	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	955	805	150	2.0	3.3	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,315	24,365	22,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	695	575	2.7	2.9	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	46,040	23,670	22,370	97.3	97.1	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	105	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,095	2,605	490	6.5	10.7	2.1
22 Utilities	270	195	70	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	3,250	2,845	405	6.9	11.7	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,855	1,545	310	3.9	6.3	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,280	1,025	260	2.7	4.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,955	3,065	2,895	12.6	12.6	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,850	1,470	385	3.9	6.0	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	625	335	285	1.3	1.4	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,245	570	680	2.6	2.3	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	690	390	300	1.5	1.6	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,710	1,575	1,135	5.7	6.5	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,055	1,220	835	4.3	5.0	3.6
61 Educational services	3,865	1,225	2,640	8.2	5.0	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,705	1,465	6,245	16.3	6.0	27.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	285	335	1.3	1.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,945	1,275	1,665	6.2	5.2	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,675	830	850	3.5	3.4	3.7
91 Public administration	4,090	1,600	2,490	8.6	6.6	10.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,385	25,770	24,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,975	23,010	19,970	85.3	89.3	81.1
French	1,095	295	795	2.2	1.1	3.2
Non-official language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,770	2,195	3,575	11.5	8.5	14.5
English and non-official language(s)	385	200	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,385	25,770	24,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,605	25,515	24,090	98.5	99.0	97.9
Official languages	49,515	25,475	24,040	98.3	98.9	97.7
English	47,795	24,995	22,795	94.9	97.0	92.6
French	1,725	480	1,245	3.4	1.9	5.1
Non-official languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	775	255	520	1.5	1.0	2.1
English and French	725	230	490	1.4	0.9	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,385	25,770	24,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,900	23,595	21,310	89.1	91.6	86.6
English	655	190	465	1.3	0.7	1.9
French	4,430	1,780	2,650	8.8	6.9	10.8
Non-official language	320	180	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	275	165	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	41,815	21,665	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,545	3,465	5,085	20.4	16.0	25.2
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,940	3,725	1,210	11.8	17.2	6.0
Usual place of work	28,310	14,460	13,850	67.7	66.7	68.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,310	14,465	13,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,400	13,905	13,495	96.8	96.1	97.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	830	500	330	2.9	3.5	2.4
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,245	18,185	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,720	16,020	12,705	86.4	88.1	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,215	14,925	11,285	78.9	82.1	74.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,505	1,090	1,420	7.5	6.0	9.4
Public transit	2,145	950	1,195	6.5	5.2	7.9
Walked	1,520	725	795	4.6	4.0	5.3
Bicycle	160	135	30	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	695	365	335	2.1	2.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,245	18,185	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,660	7,410	7,245	44.1	40.7	48.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,135	7,155	5,980	39.5	39.3	39.7
30 to 44 minutes	3,190	2,085	1,105	9.6	11.5	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,135	795	345	3.4	4.4	2.3
60 minutes and over	1,120	745	380	3.4	4.1	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,245	18,185	15,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,420	1,940	475	7.3	10.7	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,935	3,810	2,130	17.9	21.0	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,090	4,690	4,400	27.3	25.8	29.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,740	2,945	3,800	20.3	16.2	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,220	1,535	1,685	9.7	8.4	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,840	3,270	2,575	17.6	18.0	17.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,815	8,520	8,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,130	3,015	3,105	36.5	35.4	37.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,685	5,505	5,180	63.5	64.6	62.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,260	6,205	6,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,550	2,225	2,325	37.1	35.9	38.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,970	1,425	1,550	24.2	23.0	25.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,575	795	780	12.8	12.8	12.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,720	3,990	3,730	63.0	64.3	61.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 17, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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