Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Greater Sudbury / Grand SudburyMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	170,605	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	165,958^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	78,225	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	73,387	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	40.7	...	...	40.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,187.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	170,605	84,025	86,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,340	13,580	12,770	15.4	16.2	14.7
0 to 4 years	7,740	3,965	3,775	4.5	4.7	4.4
5 to 9 years	9,215	4,725	4,495	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	9,385	4,885	4,500	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	109,555	54,700	54,860	64.2	65.1	63.4
15 to 19 years	9,040	4,650	4,400	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	10,675	5,615	5,055	6.3	6.7	5.8
25 to 29 years	10,990	5,660	5,325	6.4	6.7	6.2
30 to 34 years	10,585	5,285	5,300	6.2	6.3	6.1
35 to 39 years	10,490	5,185	5,300	6.1	6.2	6.1
40 to 44 years	10,410	5,065	5,345	6.1	6.0	6.2
45 to 49 years	10,565	5,335	5,235	6.2	6.3	6.0
50 to 54 years	10,870	5,405	5,460	6.4	6.4	6.3
55 to 59 years	13,300	6,515	6,785	7.8	7.8	7.8
60 to 64 years	12,630	5,985	6,645	7.4	7.1	7.7
65 years and over	34,705	15,755	18,950	20.3	18.8	21.9
65 to 69 years	10,680	5,055	5,625	6.3	6.0	6.5
70 to 74 years	8,890	4,340	4,545	5.2	5.2	5.2
75 to 79 years	6,215	2,860	3,355	3.6	3.4	3.9
80 to 84 years	4,440	1,930	2,515	2.6	2.3	2.9
85 years and over	4,475	1,560	2,910	2.6	1.9	3.4
85 to 89 years	2,805	1,075	1,735	1.6	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,265	405	860	0.7	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	345	75	275	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	10	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.2	14.7	15.4	16.2	14.7
15 to 64 years	64.2	65.1	63.4	64.2	65.1	63.4
65 years and over	20.3	18.8	21.9	20.3	18.8	21.9
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.4	2.6	1.9	3.4
Average age of the population	42.9	41.8	44.0	42.9	41.8	44.0
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	44.8	43.6	42.0	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	45,025	...	...	61.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,295	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	2,935	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,485	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,130	...	...	16.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,790	...	...	6.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	590	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,515	...	...	30.7	...	...
2 persons	26,775	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	10,795	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	9,115	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,185	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	144,260	70,450	73,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	81,545	40,660	40,890	56.5	57.7	55.4
Married	62,110	30,970	31,140	43.1	44.0	42.2
Living common-law	19,435	9,685	9,745	13.5	13.7	13.2
Living common law - Never married	13,770	6,890	6,880	9.5	9.8	9.3
Living common law - Separated	1,255	645	605	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,825	1,915	1,910	2.7	2.7	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	585	240	350	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	62,710	29,795	32,920	43.5	42.3	44.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	39,170	21,785	17,385	27.2	30.9	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,035	2,225	2,815	3.5	3.2	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,585	3,640	4,945	6.0	5.2	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,915	2,145	7,770	6.9	3.0	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	48,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	27,200	...	...	55.8	...	...
3 persons	10,180	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	8,355	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,050	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	48,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	40,030	...	...	82.1	...	...
Married couples	30,310	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,170	...	...	29.0	...	...
Without children	16,140	...	...	33.1	...	...
Common-law couples	9,715	...	...	19.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,040	...	...	8.3	...	...
Without children	5,680	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,750	...	...	17.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,625	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,125	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	134,550	66,695	67,855	80.3	80.6	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	80,060	39,935	40,125	47.8	48.2	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	8,750	2,130	6,620	5.2	2.6	7.8
Children⁶	45,740	24,635	21,105	27.3	29.8	24.9
In a two-parent family	32,375	17,360	15,015	19.3	21.0	17.7
In a one-parent family	13,365	7,275	6,090	8.0	8.8	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,070	16,080	16,985	19.7	19.4	20.0
Living alone	22,515	10,445	12,070	13.4	12.6	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,580	1,640	1,935	2.1	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,980	3,995	2,985	4.2	4.8	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	44,095	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	36,950	...	...	50.4	...	...
With children⁶	16,910	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	20,035	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,145	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,390	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	290	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,005	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,080	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	22,515	...	...	30.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	141,300	69,215	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	136,940	66,960	69,980	96.9	96.7	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,600	38,800	44,800	51,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	137,030	67,020	70,010	97.0	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,600	40,400	45,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,010	60,865	61,140	86.3	87.9	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,600	31,600	39,200	47,600	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,410	52,215	46,190	69.6	75.4	64.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	35,600	40,800	47,200	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	123,665	59,380	64,285	87.5	85.8	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,100	10,600	9,500	8,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,090	6,605	7,490	10.0	9.5	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,720	5,760	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,805	15,275	17,525	23.2	22.1	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	141,310	69,235	72,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	136,980	66,910	70,075	96.9	96.6	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	64,000	46,800	55,200	64,000	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	137,075	66,970	70,100	97.0	96.7	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,350	40,360	46,240	52,350	40,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,015	60,800	61,220	86.3	87.8	84.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,840	60,650	41,120	50,840	60,650	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,405	51,980	46,425	69.6	75.1	64.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	57,550	42,720	50,560	57,550	42,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	123,790	59,420	64,370	87.6	85.8	89.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,950	10,010	11,830	10,950	10,010	11,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,010	6,520	7,490	9.9	9.4	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,740	7,130	6,950	6,740	7,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,925	15,190	17,730	23.3	21.9	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550	8,320	8,740	8,550	8,320	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	141,310	69,235	72,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	47,080	26,140	20,945	33.3	37.8	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	78,000	59,600	68,500	78,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,300	86,000	66,300	77,300	86,000	66,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,510	16,450	19,055	25.1	23.8	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	23,000	17,400	19,800	23,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,440	36,960	24,840	30,440	36,960	24,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.2	76.8	82.0	86.2	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.8	60.5	65.8	69.8	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.9	13.9	23.2	17.9	13.9	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.3	5.7	4.4	3.3	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.0	4.7	3.7	3.0	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	141,305	69,215	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,360	2,255	2,115	3.1	3.3	2.9
With total income	136,940	66,960	69,980	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,520	3,850	5,675	7.0	5.7	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	15,515	6,085	9,435	11.3	9.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,680	7,470	11,210	13.6	11.2	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	16,605	6,915	9,685	12.1	10.3	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	16,035	7,865	8,170	11.7	11.7	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	13,620	6,390	7,230	9.9	9.5	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	10,715	5,410	5,300	7.8	8.1	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	8,060	4,350	3,710	5.9	6.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,960	3,550	2,405	4.4	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,930	2,940	1,990	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	17,305	12,135	5,170	12.6	18.1	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	12,960	8,715	4,245	9.5	13.0	6.1
$150,000 and over	4,340	3,420	925	3.2	5.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	141,305	69,215	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,275	2,195	2,080	3.0	3.2	2.9
With after-tax income	137,025	67,015	70,015	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,120	4,020	6,095	7.4	6.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	16,115	6,340	9,780	11.8	9.5	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	21,280	8,540	12,735	15.5	12.7	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	20,240	9,010	11,235	14.8	13.4	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	18,770	9,215	9,550	13.7	13.8	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	14,650	7,280	7,370	10.7	10.9	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	10,300	5,750	4,550	7.5	8.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	7,540	4,570	2,975	5.5	6.8	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	6,660	3,980	2,675	4.9	5.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,075	2,815	1,260	3.0	4.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	7,290	5,500	1,790	5.3	8.2	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,525	3,395	1,130	3.3	5.1	1.6
$125,000 and over	2,765	2,110	660	2.0	3.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	141,305	69,215	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	42,895	16,995	25,900	30.4	24.6	35.9
With employment income	98,405	52,220	46,190	69.6	75.4	64.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,085	8,745	6,345	15.3	16.7	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	6,620	2,830	3,795	6.7	5.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,520	4,565	5,960	10.7	8.7	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,240	3,645	4,590	8.4	7.0	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,055	3,615	4,435	8.2	6.9	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,245	3,705	4,540	8.4	7.1	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,930	3,640	4,285	8.1	7.0	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,550	3,355	3,190	6.7	6.4	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,205	2,980	2,225	5.3	5.7	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,120	2,560	1,560	4.2	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,050	2,475	1,575	4.1	4.7	3.4
$100,000 and over	13,790	10,100	3,690	14.0	19.3	8.0
$100,000 to $124,999	7,400	4,905	2,495	7.5	9.4	5.4
$125,000 and over	6,390	5,190	1,200	6.5	9.9	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	141,300	69,215	72,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,845	65,940	68,905	95.4	95.3	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	36,000	43,200	50,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	134,925	65,945	68,975	95.5	95.3	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	32,800	38,800	44,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	121,045	60,400	60,645	85.7	87.3	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,400	32,400	40,000	48,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,265	52,535	46,725	70.3	75.9	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	35,600	40,800	48,000	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,650	56,475	61,175	83.3	81.6	84.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	1,960	7,050	4,920	1,960	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,155	5,545	6,615	8.6	8.0	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,840	5,640	5,720	5,840	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	141,310	69,235	72,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,840	65,820	69,020	95.4	95.1	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,900	44,200	53,350	62,900	44,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,920	65,825	69,095	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,080	38,000	44,400	51,080	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,985	60,210	60,780	85.6	87.0	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	61,800	41,120	51,450	61,800	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,160	52,210	46,950	70.2	75.4	65.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	58,100	42,240	50,600	58,100	42,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,530	56,295	61,235	83.2	81.3	85.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,260	7,440	9,010	8,260	7,440	9,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,900	5,190	6,710	8.4	7.5	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310	7,090	7,490	7,310	7,090	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	141,310	69,235	72,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	47,020	26,085	20,935	33.3	37.7	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	74,500	55,600	64,500	74,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	82,600	61,800	73,400	82,600	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,585	15,510	18,080	23.8	22.4	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,200	22,200	24,600	29,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,880	43,920	29,000	35,880	43,920	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	89.8	82.0	86.6	89.8	82.0
Employment income (%)	69.8	73.2	65.0	69.8	73.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	13.5	10.1	18.1	13.5	10.1	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.2	0.9	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	73,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	50,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	73,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,760	...	...	50,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...	43,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	50,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	385	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,090	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,565	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,835	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,645	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,295	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,865	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,270	...	...	41.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,445	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,455	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,215	...	...	11.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,150	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	595	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	400	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,115	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,615	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,735	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,075	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,800	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,095	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,340	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,205	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,560	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,960	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,430	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,945	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,465	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,045	...	...	32.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,790	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,175	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,085	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	48,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,495	14,440	15,055	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,000	36,400	38,800	42,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	48,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,900	...	...	126,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,800	...	...	165,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,375	14,485	14,890	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	50,560	44,720	47,600	50,560	44,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,600	39,080	40,800	42,600	39,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	167,615	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,605	16,305	15,305	18.9	19.7	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,605	4,865	4,740	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	103,440	51,425	52,020	61.7	62.1	61.3
65 years and over	32,570	15,055	17,515	19.4	18.2	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,080	7,310	8,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,850	1,755	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,305	670	630	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,170	4,320	4,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,305	1,140	2,165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.8	10.3	9.6	8.8	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.5	11.4	11.4	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.8	13.3	13.5	13.8	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.4	9.3	8.9	8.4	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.1	7.6	12.4	10.1	7.6	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	167,085	82,510	84,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	31,480	16,235	15,245	18.8	19.7	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,570	4,845	4,730	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	103,105	51,250	51,855	61.7	62.1	61.3
65 years and over	32,500	15,025	17,475	19.5	18.2	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,320	3,325	2,995	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	950	490	465	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	175	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,000	2,690	2,310	...	...	...
65 years and over	365	150	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.0	3.5	3.8	4.0	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.3	4.5	4.9	5.3	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	167,620	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	75,695	35,925	39,775	45.2	43.4	46.9
In bottom decile	14,940	7,155	7,785	8.9	8.6	9.2
In second decile	14,660	6,435	8,225	8.7	7.8	9.7
In third decile	15,370	7,330	8,040	9.2	8.9	9.5
In fourth decile	15,180	7,335	7,845	9.1	8.9	9.2
In fifth decile	15,550	7,670	7,875	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	91,920	46,855	45,065	54.8	56.6	53.1
In sixth decile	16,170	8,065	8,105	9.6	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	17,845	9,040	8,800	10.6	10.9	10.4
In eighth decile	19,390	9,845	9,545	11.6	11.9	11.3
In ninth decile	20,890	10,795	10,095	12.5	13.0	11.9
In top decile	17,625	9,105	8,520	10.5	11.0	10.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	167,620	...	...	167,620	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.423	...	...	0.423	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,875	53,600	51,280	62.2	64.4	60.0
French only	1,515	665	855	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	61,925	28,815	33,115	36.7	34.6	38.7
Neither English nor French	410	165	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	128,860	64,470	64,395	76.4	77.5	75.3
French	38,360	18,090	20,275	22.7	21.7	23.7
English and French	1,135	540	590	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	380	140	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	161,395	79,700	81,700	95.7	95.8	95.6
Official languages	150,705	74,585	76,115	89.3	89.6	89.0
English	112,180	56,340	55,840	66.5	67.7	65.3
French	38,525	18,245	20,280	22.8	21.9	23.7
Non-official languages	10,690	5,110	5,585	6.3	6.1	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	185	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	175	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	120	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,510	5,045	5,470	6.2	6.1	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	230	190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	410	225	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	395	220	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	95	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	225	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,915	3,370	3,550	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,240	515	720	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,185	490	690	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	370	155	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	290	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	210	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	105	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	760	365	390	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	545	255	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	510	240	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,765	1,000	765	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,655	935	715	1.0	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	440	275	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	270	155	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	485	265	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,990	1,405	1,585	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,925	890	1,035	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	305	165	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	700	315	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	415	200	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	585	275	305	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	580	275	305	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	175	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,070	445	625	0.6	0.5	0.7
Estonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	950	385	570	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,340	3,540	3,795	4.4	4.3	4.4
English and French	5,530	2,630	2,900	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,505	765	740	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	127,460	64,170	63,295	75.5	77.1	74.0
French	13,735	6,395	7,340	8.1	7.7	8.6
Non-official language	2,125	980	1,150	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,105	970	1,140	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	17,560	7,840	9,715	10.4	9.4	11.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,825	3,355	3,470	4.0	4.0	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	680	325	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	163,650	80,930	82,715	97.0	97.2	96.7
Official languages	159,390	78,845	80,550	94.5	94.7	94.2
English	141,120	70,450	70,670	83.6	84.6	82.7
French	18,270	8,395	9,880	10.8	10.1	11.6
Non-official languages	4,255	2,090	2,170	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,215	2,075	2,140	2.5	2.5	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,745	1,350	1,395	1.6	1.6	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,210	695	520	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,135	650	485	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	345	220	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	205	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	485	630	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	540	210	330	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,085	2,305	2,780	3.0	2.8	3.3
English and French	3,585	1,580	2,005	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,355	645	710	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	168,730	83,235	85,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	148,020	73,650	74,375	87.7	88.5	87.0
English	5,950	2,725	3,225	3.5	3.3	3.8
French	9,780	4,425	5,355	5.8	5.3	6.3
Non-official language	3,805	1,825	1,985	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	340	150	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,470	1,670	1,800	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	390	220	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	320	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	380	215	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	167,200	82,610	84,590	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	165,680	81,985	83,695	98.8	99.0	98.7
French	63,135	29,310	33,825	37.7	35.4	39.9
Non-official languages	16,285	7,975	8,305	9.7	9.6	9.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	770	355	420	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	735	340	395	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	665	315	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	650	300	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	545	265	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,540	7,625	7,910	9.3	9.2	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	345	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	325	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	510	305	205	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	440	125	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	95	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	125	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	555	325	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	210	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,310	5,205	5,105	6.2	6.3	6.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,485	690	800	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,435	665	770	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	465	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	140	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	260	105	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	380	155	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,275	580	700	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	880	400	485	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	880	400	485	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,395	1,520	880	1.4	1.8	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,235	1,415	820	1.3	1.7	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	655	445	210	0.4	0.5	0.2
Hindi	1,325	830	490	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	810	520	295	0.5	0.6	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	165	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	120	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	95	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,135	2,400	2,740	3.1	2.9	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,930	1,335	1,595	1.7	1.6	1.9
Portuguese	440	240	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,925	865	1,065	1.1	1.0	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	515	640	0.7	0.6	0.8
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	410	185	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	325	115	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	270	105	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	790	365	420	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	770	355	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	550	250	300	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,185	560	630	0.7	0.7	0.7
Estonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,085	500	585	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,620	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	19,005	9,335	9,665	11.3	11.3	11.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,480	9,015	9,460	11.0	10.9	11.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,615	4,245	4,370	5.1	5.1	5.2
Métis	9,765	4,735	5,030	5.8	5.7	5.9
Inuk (Inuit)	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	330	190	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	130	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	148,615	73,445	75,175	88.7	88.7	88.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	167,620	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,450	3,220	3,230	3.8	3.9	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	161,170	79,560	81,610	96.2	96.1	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	47,665	...	...	64.9	...	...
Renter	25,650	...	...	35.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,380	...	...	1.9	...	...
Not condominium	72,010	...	...	98.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	365	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	9,205	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,840	...	...	24.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	27,510	...	...	37.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,470	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,010	...	...	25.9	...	...
5 rooms	11,210	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	11,105	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	10,285	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,770	...	...	29.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	72,745	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	640	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	71,325	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,060	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	21,840	...	...	29.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	27,165	...	...	37.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,340	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,080	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,965	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,810	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,485	...	...	3.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,705	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	68,155	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,230	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	39,070	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	32,030	...	...	43.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,285	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	73,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,780	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,040	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,620	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	12,235	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,215	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,950	...	...	16.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,930	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	2,615	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	72,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	60,330	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,535	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,635	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	73,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,090	...	...	24.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,090	...	...	15.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,575	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,725	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,215	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	55,295	...	...	75.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	71,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,915	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not in core need	66,050	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	47,485	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.9	...	...	58.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,358	...	...	1,358	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	377,600	...	...	377,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,635	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.6	...	...	31.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,034	...	...	1,034	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	640	...	...	640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	640	...	...	640	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	167,615	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,760	3,885	3,875	4.6	4.7	4.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,565	3,790	3,775	4.5	4.6	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,870	2,390	2,480	2.9	2.9	2.9
Métis single ancestry	2,655	1,395	1,265	1.6	1.7	1.5
Inuit single ancestry	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15,205	7,395	7,815	9.1	8.9	9.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,810	7,215	7,595	8.8	8.7	9.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,755	4,310	4,445	5.2	5.2	5.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,985	2,875	3,110	3.6	3.5	3.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	390	180	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	175	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	144,655	71,505	73,150	86.3	86.4	86.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	161,315	79,460	81,855	96.2	96.0	96.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,435	15,740	14,700	18.2	19.0	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	130,880	63,725	67,160	78.1	77.0	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,300	3,320	2,985	3.8	4.0	3.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	154,070	75,985	78,090	91.9	91.8	92.0
Immigrants⁸¹	9,985	4,765	5,220	6.0	5.8	6.2
Before 1980	4,290	1,955	2,340	2.6	2.4	2.8
1980 to 1990	750	350	400	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	870	430	440	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,310	680	630	0.8	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,765	1,355	1,410	1.6	1.6	1.7
2011 to 2015	1,115	525	585	0.7	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	1,655	830	820	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,560	2,035	1,530	2.1	2.5	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,985	4,765	5,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,385	720	665	13.9	15.1	12.7
5 to 14 years	2,045	880	1,160	20.5	18.5	22.2
15 to 24 years	2,530	1,240	1,285	25.3	26.0	24.6
25 to 44 years	3,645	1,710	1,935	36.5	35.9	37.0
45 years and over	385	210	175	3.9	4.4	3.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,985	4,765	5,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,330	600	730	13.3	12.6	14.0
Brazil	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haiti	105	50	60	1.1	1.0	1.1
Jamaica	170	125	50	1.7	2.6	1.0
Mexico	45	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.5
Peru	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
United States of America	540	210	330	5.4	4.4	6.3
Other places of birth in Americas	275	110	165	2.8	2.3	3.2
Europe	4,720	2,255	2,470	47.3	47.3	47.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	50	35	0.9	1.0	0.7
Croatia	110	55	55	1.1	1.2	1.1
France	70	40	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	440	205	235	4.4	4.3	4.5
Greece	105	50	60	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hungary	55	30	20	0.6	0.6	0.4
Italy	1,210	580	635	12.1	12.2	12.2
Netherlands	100	45	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Poland	260	115	150	2.6	2.4	2.9
Portugal	135	80	60	1.4	1.7	1.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,070	505	570	10.7	10.6	10.9
Other places of birth in Europe	970	465	505	9.7	9.8	9.7
Africa	1,360	655	700	13.6	13.7	13.4
Algeria	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	40	40	0.9	0.8	0.8
Egypt	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	165	65	100	1.7	1.4	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	50	75	1.3	1.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	895	445	455	9.0	9.3	8.7
Asia	2,490	1,190	1,295	24.9	25.0	24.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	65	25	0.9	1.4	0.5
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	345	145	195	3.5	3.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	15	35	0.6	0.3	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	65	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	295	80	220	3.0	1.7	4.2
Viet Nam	135	70	60	1.4	1.5	1.1
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
India	770	415	350	7.7	8.7	6.7
Pakistan	200	135	70	2.0	2.8	1.3
Sri Lanka	60	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	305	110	195	3.1	2.3	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	70	25	1.0	1.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,655	830	820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	150	135	17.2	18.1	16.5
Brazil	25	15	10	1.5	1.8	1.2
Colombia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.5	2.4	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	55	30	5.1	6.6	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	40	80	7.3	4.8	9.8
Europe	75	45	30	4.5	5.4	3.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	1.2	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	10	2.1	2.4	1.2
Africa	605	265	340	36.6	31.9	41.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	30	20	10	1.8	2.4	1.2
Cameroon	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Côte d'Ivoire	215	95	120	13.0	11.4	14.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	40	75	6.9	4.8	9.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	3.0	1.8	3.7
Sudan⁹⁷	40	20	20	2.4	2.4	2.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	55	55	6.9	6.6	6.7
Asia	665	345	320	40.2	41.6	39.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	50	4.5	3.6	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	180	145	19.3	21.7	17.7
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	35	15	2.7	4.2	1.8
Philippines	100	30	75	6.0	3.6	9.1
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.1	3.0	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	25	25	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	167,620	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,235	7,120	7,115	8.5	8.6	8.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,725	8,270	8,450	10.0	10.0	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	136,660	67,390	69,275	81.5	81.4	81.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,695	2,810	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,995	1,550	1,450	52.6	55.2	50.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,285	865	425	22.6	30.8	14.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,710	685	1,025	30.0	24.4	35.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,815	825	990	31.9	29.4	34.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	750	370	380	13.2	13.2	13.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	65	65	2.2	2.3	2.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,695	2,810	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	400	210	185	7.0	7.5	6.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	695	350	345	12.2	12.5	12.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	125	75	3.5	4.4	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580	335	245	10.2	11.9	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	25	75	1.8	0.9	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,720	1,765	1,955	65.3	62.8	67.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	167,620	82,775	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,880	5,630	5,250	6.5	6.8	6.2
South Asian	3,110	1,920	1,195	1.9	2.3	1.4
Chinese	985	465	525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	4,040	1,970	2,070	2.4	2.4	2.4
Filipino	445	155	285	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	340	200	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	705	335	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	410	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	156,740	77,150	79,595	93.5	93.2	93.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	28,730	14,275	14,460	17.1	17.2	17.0
English	27,635	13,780	13,855	16.5	16.6	16.3
Irish	30,825	14,725	16,095	18.4	17.8	19.0
Scottish	25,885	12,615	13,265	15.4	15.2	15.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	46,795	22,675	24,120	27.9	27.4	28.4
German	12,635	6,085	6,550	7.5	7.4	7.7
Chinese	1,150	545	605	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	12,935	6,475	6,465	7.7	7.8	7.6
Indian (India)	1,970	1,220	750	1.2	1.5	0.9
Ukrainian	7,570	3,630	3,940	4.5	4.4	4.6
Dutch	3,560	1,740	1,820	2.1	2.1	2.1
Polish	5,395	2,670	2,730	3.2	3.2	3.2
Québécois	1,250	605	645	0.7	0.7	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,795	1,925	1,870	2.3	2.3	2.2
Filipino	470	165	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	12,290	5,730	6,560	7.3	6.9	7.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,645	2,805	2,845	3.4	3.4	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,035	2,905	3,125	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis	9,205	4,530	4,675	5.5	5.5	5.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,200	1,070	1,135	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	1,020	515	500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	1,125	560	570	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	2,135	1,020	1,120	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	850	455	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	1,250	635	615	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	800	290	505	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	1,630	815	815	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hungarian	895	425	470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	1,085	535	550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	280	170	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	925	435	485	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jewish	290	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	145	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	500	230	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	625	380	245	0.4	0.5	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	675	305	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	315	165	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	155	105	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	610	280	330	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	525	235	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,205	1,190	1,010	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	785	350	440	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belgian	570	235	335	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	310	185	125	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	355	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	7,875	3,800	4,075	4.7	4.6	4.8
Sri Lankan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,020	505	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	475	230	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	420	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	500	270	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	2,320	1,175	1,140	1.4	1.4	1.3
Newfoundlander	490	240	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,845	900	950	1.1	1.1	1.1
Persian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	80	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	340	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	320	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	1,270	580	695	0.8	0.7	0.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	355	150	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	120	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	335	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	220	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	335	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	240	140	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	175	130	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	125	40	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	1,670	745	930	1.0	0.9	1.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	150	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	175	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	505	220	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	125	40	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	167,620	82,780	84,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	310	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	106,795	50,410	56,385	63.7	60.9	66.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,625	3,090	3,535	4.0	3.7	4.2
Anabaptist	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,715	2,155	2,555	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baptist	1,550	720	835	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	78,375	37,350	41,030	46.8	45.1	48.4
Christian Orthodox	760	355	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	710	345	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,100	985	1,110	1.3	1.2	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,810	740	1,070	1.1	0.9	1.3
Presbyterian	950	470	480	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reformed	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,935	2,635	3,300	3.5	3.2	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,775	1,360	1,415	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hindu	1,325	845	485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Jewish	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,550	850	705	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	540	320	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	480	185	300	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	950	405	545	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	55,480	29,540	25,940	33.1	35.7	30.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	166,135	81,990	84,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	148,625	73,445	75,180	89.5	89.6	89.3
Movers	17,505	8,540	8,965	10.5	10.4	10.7
Non-migrants	12,570	6,035	6,535	7.6	7.4	7.8
Migrants	4,940	2,505	2,430	3.0	3.1	2.9
Internal migrants	4,375	2,200	2,170	2.6	2.7	2.6
Intraprovincial migrants	3,785	1,905	1,880	2.3	2.3	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	585	300	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	565	305	265	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	159,900	78,930	80,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	102,990	50,970	52,015	64.4	64.6	64.2
Movers	56,910	27,960	28,950	35.6	35.4	35.8
Non-migrants	36,835	17,875	18,965	23.0	22.6	23.4
Migrants	20,075	10,085	9,990	12.6	12.8	12.3
Internal migrants	15,595	7,645	7,945	9.8	9.7	9.8
Intraprovincial migrants	13,390	6,450	6,940	8.4	8.2	8.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,205	1,195	1,005	1.4	1.5	1.2
External migrants	4,480	2,440	2,040	2.8	3.1	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	141,310	69,235	72,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,735	14,640	13,095	19.6	21.1	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	113,575	54,595	58,985	80.4	78.9	81.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,200	44,070	45,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,610	5,625	3,990	10.8	12.8	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,590	38,445	41,140	89.2	87.2	91.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	141,310	69,235	72,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,465	12,600	11,870	17.3	18.2	16.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,035	18,820	19,215	26.9	27.2	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	78,810	37,815	40,995	55.8	54.6	56.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	51,910	26,390	25,525	36.7	38.1	35.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,140	7,705	2,435	7.2	11.1	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,035	3,405	1,635	3.6	4.9	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,105	4,300	805	3.6	6.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	39,875	17,945	21,930	28.2	25.9	30.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,895	740	1,155	1.3	1.1	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,895	11,425	15,475	19.0	16.5	21.5
Bachelor's degree	19,195	7,940	11,255	13.6	11.5	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,750	655	1,100	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	360	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	4,395	1,900	2,495	3.1	2.7	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	910	580	330	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,200	44,065	45,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,960	4,650	3,310	8.9	10.6	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,745	11,555	10,190	24.4	26.2	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,495	27,860	31,630	66.7	63.2	70.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,890	19,460	19,430	43.6	44.2	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,505	4,945	1,565	7.3	11.2	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,280	2,260	1,020	3.7	5.1	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,225	2,680	545	3.6	6.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	31,245	14,060	17,180	35.0	31.9	38.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,135	455	680	1.3	1.0	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,610	8,400	12,205	23.1	19.1	27.0
Bachelor's degree	14,440	5,830	8,615	16.2	13.2	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350	460	885	1.5	1.0	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	245	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	3,650	1,470	2,180	4.1	3.3	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	660	395	260	0.7	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	141,310	69,235	72,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	62,500	31,420	31,085	44.2	45.4	43.1
Education	4,280	900	3,380	3.0	1.3	4.7
13. Education	4,280	900	3,380	3.0	1.3	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,625	830	795	1.1	1.2	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285	210	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,340	620	720	0.9	0.9	1.0
Humanities	2,935	1,080	1,850	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	290	45	240	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	515	160	360	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	220	535	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	340	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	510	315	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	25	155	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,000	2,690	6,310	6.4	3.9	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	30	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	945	325	620	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,315	230	2,085	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,635	625	1,005	1.2	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	50	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,500	355	1,150	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,180	1,080	1,105	1.5	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	13,695	4,380	9,315	9.7	6.3	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,455	400	2,055	1.7	0.6	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,225	3,975	7,250	7.9	5.7	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,270	1,755	1,520	2.3	2.5	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,205	500	710	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,390	975	415	1.0	1.4	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	255	95	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,145	1,385	760	1.5	2.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,645	1,145	495	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	185	40	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20,810	19,140	1,670	14.7	27.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	320	200	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,690	2,185	505	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,340	5,675	665	4.5	8.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,355	3,245	110	2.4	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,700	5,520	185	4.0	8.0	0.3
48. Precision production	2,400	2,310	95	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,410	760	655	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	585	205	380	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	825	550	275	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	14,385	2,305	12,080	10.2	3.3	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,170	460	715	0.8	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,975	1,730	11,240	9.2	2.5	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,225	2,590	2,640	3.7	3.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,435	520	1,915	1.7	0.8	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,720	1,085	635	1.2	1.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070	980	90	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,200	44,070	45,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,705	16,205	13,500	33.3	36.8	29.9
Education	2,810	575	2,235	3.2	1.3	5.0
13. Education	2,810	575	2,235	3.2	1.3	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,205	620	585	1.4	1.4	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	160	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	460	545	1.1	1.0	1.2
Humanities	1,935	695	1,240	2.2	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	20	170	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	330	100	225	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	515	135	385	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	385	205	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,200	2,000	5,200	8.1	4.5	11.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	845	280	565	0.9	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,910	165	1,745	2.1	0.4	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,340	490	855	1.5	1.1	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	35	175	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,125	245	875	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,630	760	870	1.8	1.7	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,525	3,195	7,325	11.8	7.2	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,060	315	1,745	2.3	0.7	3.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,455	2,880	5,575	9.5	6.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,430	1,235	1,190	2.7	2.8	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	930	360	565	1.0	0.8	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,015	685	335	1.1	1.6	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,655	1,120	535	1.9	2.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,345	970	375	1.5	2.2	0.8
25. Library science	110	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,295	13,920	1,375	17.1	31.6	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	240	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,100	1,655	445	2.4	3.8	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,805	4,270	530	5.4	9.7	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,275	2,195	80	2.6	5.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,160	4,015	140	4.7	9.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,725	1,645	70	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,130	590	540	1.3	1.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475	160	315	0.5	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	660	425	230	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	11,080	1,835	9,250	12.4	4.2	20.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	865	370	495	1.0	0.8	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,010	1,380	8,635	11.2	3.1	19.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,200	2,075	2,125	4.7	4.7	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,925	395	1,525	2.2	0.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,430	900	535	1.6	2.0	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	850	780	70	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	89,200	44,070	45,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,705	16,205	13,500	33.3	36.8	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	59,495	27,860	31,635	66.7	63.2	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	56,035	26,165	29,870	62.8	59.4	66.2
Same as province or territory of residence	53,730	25,070	28,660	60.2	56.9	63.5
Different than province or territory of residence	2,305	1,100	1,215	2.6	2.5	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,460	1,695	1,760	3.9	3.8	3.9
Americas	970	460	515	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	630	320	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	145	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	535	290	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	250	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	630	310	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	1,160	550	615	1.3	1.2	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	130	25	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	635	330	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	141,310	69,235	72,080	...	...	...
In the labour force	86,090	44,695	41,395	...	...	...
Employed	77,185	40,320	36,870	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,900	4,375	4,525	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	55,225	24,540	30,680	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.9	64.6	57.4	60.9	64.6	57.4
Employment rate	54.6	58.2	51.2	54.6	58.2	51.2
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.8	10.9	10.3	9.8	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	141,310	69,235	72,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	55,545	24,795	30,745	39.3	35.8	42.7
Worked	85,765	44,440	41,330	60.7	64.2	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	48,300	26,845	21,450	34.2	38.8	29.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,470	17,595	19,875	26.5	25.4	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.7	41.3	42.0	42.7	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	86,090	44,695	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,920	1,045	875	2.2	2.3	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	84,170	43,650	40,525	97.8	97.7	97.9
Employee	76,745	39,295	37,455	89.1	87.9	90.5
Permanent position	64,505	33,565	30,940	74.9	75.1	74.7
Temporary position	12,240	5,725	6,510	14.2	12.8	15.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,745	1,695	2,050	4.4	3.8	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,495	4,035	4,455	9.9	9.0	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,425	4,355	3,070	8.6	9.7	7.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	86,090	44,695	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,920	1,045	875	2.2	2.3	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	84,170	43,650	40,525	97.8	97.7	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	705	430	265	0.8	1.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,800	4,340	10,455	17.2	9.7	25.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,915	4,555	1,355	6.9	10.2	3.3
3 Health occupations	8,385	1,455	6,930	9.7	3.3	16.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,455	2,930	7,520	12.1	6.6	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,440	610	830	1.7	1.4	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	20,560	9,290	11,270	23.9	20.8	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,945	14,720	1,230	18.5	32.9	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,230	3,830	395	4.9	8.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,750	1,485	265	2.0	3.3	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	86,090	44,695	41,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,920	1,045	875	2.2	2.3	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	84,170	43,650	40,525	97.8	97.7	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	435	280	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7,750	6,840	915	9.0	15.3	2.2
22 Utilities	575	450	130	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	6,685	5,845	840	7.8	13.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,490	2,905	580	4.1	6.5	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,435	1,895	535	2.8	4.2	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	10,310	5,060	5,250	12.0	11.3	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,515	2,775	740	4.1	6.2	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,040	565	475	1.2	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,085	780	1,305	2.4	1.7	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,230	695	535	1.4	1.6	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,295	2,455	1,835	5.0	5.5	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,395	1,905	1,495	3.9	4.3	3.6
61 Educational services	6,900	1,950	4,955	8.0	4.4	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	13,335	2,180	11,160	15.5	4.9	27.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000	450	545	1.2	1.0	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,520	1,850	2,670	5.3	4.1	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,285	1,745	1,540	3.8	3.9	3.7
91 Public administration	7,765	2,960	4,805	9.0	6.6	11.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	92,000	47,470	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,230	41,095	34,135	81.8	86.6	76.7
French	2,790	775	2,010	3.0	1.6	4.5
Non-official language	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	13,275	5,250	8,030	14.4	11.1	18.0
English and non-official language(s)	490	255	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	92,000	47,470	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,115	46,855	43,260	98.0	98.7	97.1
Official languages	89,985	46,785	43,200	97.8	98.6	97.0
English	85,665	45,485	40,180	93.1	95.8	90.2
French	4,320	1,300	3,020	4.7	2.7	6.8
Non-official languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,890	620	1,270	2.1	1.3	2.9
English and French	1,815	600	1,220	2.0	1.3	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	92,000	47,470	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,965	42,535	37,430	86.9	89.6	84.1
English	1,560	535	1,030	1.7	1.1	2.3
French	9,960	4,135	5,820	10.8	8.7	13.1
Non-official language	400	220	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	330	205	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	77,185	40,320	36,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,755	5,735	9,015	19.1	14.2	24.5
Worked outside Canada	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	10,000	7,675	2,320	13.0	19.0	6.3
Usual place of work	52,365	26,845	25,520	67.8	66.6	69.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,370	26,845	25,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,730	25,235	24,495	95.0	94.0	96.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,360	1,425	935	4.5	5.3	3.7
Commute to a different province or territory	165	130	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	62,370	34,525	27,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	56,075	31,530	24,550	89.9	91.3	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,145	29,810	22,330	83.6	86.3	80.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,930	1,715	2,215	6.3	5.0	8.0
Public transit	2,530	1,110	1,420	4.1	3.2	5.1
Walked	2,165	1,000	1,165	3.5	2.9	4.2
Bicycle	245	195	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	1,355	690	665	2.2	2.0	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	62,370	34,525	27,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	22,180	10,930	11,245	35.6	31.7	40.4
15 to 29 minutes	24,945	13,665	11,280	40.0	39.6	40.5
30 to 44 minutes	9,485	5,895	3,590	15.2	17.1	12.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,150	2,175	970	5.1	6.3	3.5
60 minutes and over	2,615	1,855	760	4.2	5.4	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	62,370	34,525	27,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,775	4,705	1,070	9.3	13.6	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,655	8,155	4,500	20.3	23.6	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,820	8,490	8,325	27.0	24.6	29.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,265	4,555	6,710	18.1	13.2	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,195	2,320	2,875	8.3	6.7	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,665	6,310	4,360	17.1	18.3	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,260	16,645	15,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,835	7,610	7,225	46.0	45.7	46.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,435	9,045	8,390	54.0	54.3	53.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,875	12,350	11,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,075	5,670	5,400	46.4	45.9	46.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,805	3,970	3,835	32.7	32.1	33.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,265	1,700	1,565	13.7	13.8	13.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,800	6,675	6,115	53.6	54.0	53.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 9, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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