Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SudburyMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	92,093	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	88,155^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,970	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,857	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,215.1	...	...	1,215.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	75.79	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,085	44,490	47,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,455	6,890	6,560	14.6	15.5	13.8
0 to 4 years	4,030	2,085	1,950	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	4,720	2,345	2,370	5.1	5.3	5.0
10 to 14 years	4,700	2,455	2,245	5.1	5.5	4.7
15 to 64 years	59,135	29,250	29,885	64.2	65.7	62.8
15 to 19 years	4,680	2,350	2,330	5.1	5.3	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,820	3,530	3,290	7.4	7.9	6.9
25 to 29 years	6,875	3,540	3,330	7.5	8.0	7.0
30 to 34 years	6,000	3,015	2,985	6.5	6.8	6.3
35 to 39 years	5,570	2,785	2,790	6.0	6.3	5.9
40 to 44 years	5,285	2,555	2,730	5.7	5.7	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,285	2,570	2,720	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,540	2,750	2,790	6.0	6.2	5.9
55 to 59 years	6,640	3,220	3,415	7.2	7.2	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,440	2,935	3,505	7.0	6.6	7.4
65 years and over	19,500	8,350	11,150	21.2	18.8	23.4
65 to 69 years	5,565	2,520	3,040	6.0	5.7	6.4
70 to 74 years	4,775	2,230	2,545	5.2	5.0	5.3
75 to 79 years	3,435	1,480	1,955	3.7	3.3	4.1
80 to 84 years	2,715	1,120	1,590	2.9	2.5	3.3
85 years and over	3,010	995	2,015	3.3	2.2	4.2
85 to 89 years	1,820	655	1,160	2.0	1.5	2.4
90 to 94 years	895	280	615	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	255	50	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.5	13.8	14.6	15.5	13.8
15 to 64 years	64.2	65.7	62.8	64.2	65.7	62.8
65 years and over	21.2	18.8	23.4	21.2	18.8	23.4
85 years and over	3.3	2.2	4.2	3.3	2.2	4.2
Average age of the population	43.1	41.5	44.5	43.1	41.5	44.5
Median age of the population	42.4	40.4	44.4	42.4	40.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,290	...	...	46.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	2,350	...	...	5.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,435	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,845	...	...	23.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,630	...	...	11.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,440	...	...	36.9	...	...
2 persons	14,390	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 persons	5,615	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	4,365	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,050	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,690	43,485	46,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,635	37,600	41,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	39,340	19,565	19,780	50.0	52.0	48.2
Married	29,220	14,535	14,685	37.2	38.7	35.8
Living common-law	10,120	5,030	5,090	12.9	13.4	12.4
Living common law - Never married	7,520	3,755	3,770	9.6	10.0	9.2
Living common law - Separated	570	295	275	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,760	880	885	2.2	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	265	105	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,290	18,035	21,255	50.0	48.0	51.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,710	13,440	11,265	31.4	35.7	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,075	1,275	1,805	3.9	3.4	4.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,465	2,120	3,345	6.9	5.6	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,040	1,200	4,840	7.7	3.2	11.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,050	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	5,105	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	3,910	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,475	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,160	...	...	78.1	...	...
Married couples	14,105	...	...	57.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,585	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	7,520	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	5,060	...	...	20.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,825	...	...	7.4	...	...
Without children	3,235	...	...	13.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,375	...	...	21.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,225	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,690	43,485	46,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	66,970	32,655	34,310	74.7	75.1	74.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,330	19,100	19,225	42.7	43.9	41.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,375	1,150	4,230	6.0	2.6	9.2
Children⁶	23,265	12,405	10,860	25.9	28.5	23.5
In a two-parent family	14,965	7,940	7,025	16.7	18.3	15.2
In a one-parent family	8,300	4,465	3,830	9.3	10.3	8.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,720	10,825	11,895	25.3	24.9	25.7
Living alone	15,435	6,840	8,600	17.2	15.7	18.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,045	960	1,085	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,235	3,025	2,210	5.8	7.0	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,275	...	...	53.2	...	...
Couple-family households	17,750	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	7,820	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	9,930	...	...	23.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,530	...	...	10.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	645	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,300	...	...	5.5	...	...
One-person households	15,440	...	...	36.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,255	36,600	39,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,820	35,315	38,505	96.8	96.5	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	38,000	42,000	46,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,865	35,345	38,530	96.9	96.6	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	35,200	38,000	42,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,975	31,545	33,430	85.2	86.2	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,400	36,000	42,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,720	26,770	24,950	67.8	73.1	62.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	33,600	36,400	40,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,640	31,880	35,770	88.7	87.1	90.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,700	11,600	10,200	8,700	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,385	3,525	3,860	9.7	9.6	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,720	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,220	8,990	10,230	25.2	24.6	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,230	36,725	39,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,805	35,390	38,415	96.8	96.4	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	59,750	46,880	53,050	59,750	46,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,865	35,430	38,435	96.9	96.5	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,680	49,120	40,560	44,680	49,120	40,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,980	31,620	33,360	85.2	86.1	84.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,440	56,650	40,680	48,440	56,650	40,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,720	26,725	25,000	67.8	72.8	63.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	53,200	41,440	47,520	53,200	41,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,555	31,930	35,620	88.6	86.9	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,370	10,140	12,460	11,370	10,140	12,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,210	3,360	3,855	9.5	9.1	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,630	7,200	6,930	6,630	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,330	9,010	10,320	25.4	24.5	26.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,550	8,910	8,740	8,550	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,230	36,725	39,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,690	12,890	10,795	31.1	35.1	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	71,000	59,600	64,500	71,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,100	82,100	66,700	75,100	82,100	66,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,585	9,095	10,485	25.7	24.8	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,400	16,600	18,200	20,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,520	31,920	23,660	27,520	31,920	23,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	84.6	75.4	80.4	84.6	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.7	67.2	57.5	62.7	67.2	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.6	15.3	24.6	19.6	15.3	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.1	6.1	5.0	4.1	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.1	4.3	3.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,255	36,600	39,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,440	1,285	1,150	3.2	3.5	2.9
With total income	73,815	35,310	38,505	96.8	96.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,945	2,235	2,710	6.7	6.3	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,815	3,715	5,100	11.9	10.5	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,225	4,555	6,675	15.2	12.9	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	9,820	4,155	5,660	13.3	11.8	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,825	4,280	4,550	12.0	12.1	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,240	3,395	3,840	9.8	9.6	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,535	2,725	2,810	7.5	7.7	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,110	2,085	2,025	5.6	5.9	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	1,645	1,310	4.0	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	1,315	1,050	3.2	3.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	7,985	5,210	2,780	10.8	14.8	7.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,770	3,535	2,230	7.8	10.0	5.8
$150,000 and over	2,215	1,670	545	3.0	4.7	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,255	36,600	39,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,385	1,255	1,130	3.1	3.4	2.8
With after-tax income	73,870	35,340	38,525	96.9	96.6	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240	2,315	2,920	7.1	6.6	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,145	3,870	5,275	12.4	11.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	12,775	5,240	7,540	17.3	14.8	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,760	5,250	6,510	15.9	14.9	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,110	4,930	5,185	13.7	14.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,595	3,625	3,970	10.3	10.3	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,195	2,745	2,450	7.0	7.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	2,045	1,580	4.9	5.8	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,635	1,405	4.1	4.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,810	1,145	665	2.5	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,575	2,545	1,030	4.8	7.2	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,050	1,405	640	2.8	4.0	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,530	1,140	390	2.1	3.2	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,255	36,600	39,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,535	9,825	14,705	32.2	26.8	37.1
With employment income	51,720	26,770	24,950	67.8	73.1	62.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,025	4,415	3,610	15.5	16.5	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,920	1,720	2,205	7.6	6.4	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,005	2,700	3,305	11.6	10.1	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,820	2,240	2,580	9.3	8.4	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,620	2,195	2,425	8.9	8.2	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,525	2,165	2,360	8.7	8.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	1,950	2,140	7.9	7.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,320	1,660	1,660	6.4	6.2	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,540	1,395	1,150	4.9	5.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,965	1,155	810	3.8	4.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	1,040	805	3.6	3.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	6,030	4,135	1,900	11.7	15.4	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,160	1,935	1,230	6.1	7.2	4.9
$125,000 and over	2,870	2,200	670	5.5	8.2	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,255	36,600	39,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,705	34,780	37,925	95.3	95.0	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	34,800	39,600	45,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,730	34,780	37,950	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,000	36,000	40,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,445	31,290	33,155	84.5	85.5	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,200	36,400	42,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,085	26,915	25,170	68.3	73.5	63.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,800	36,400	40,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,160	30,110	34,050	84.1	82.3	85.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	2,100	7,450	5,120	2,100	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,960	2,800	3,160	7.8	7.7	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,680	5,560	5,640	5,680	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,230	36,725	39,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,645	34,785	37,855	95.3	94.7	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	58,000	43,800	50,600	58,000	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,680	34,790	37,890	95.3	94.7	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,400	37,720	42,360	47,400	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,365	31,265	33,100	84.4	85.1	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,720	57,400	40,480	48,720	57,400	40,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,025	26,820	25,205	68.2	73.0	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	52,900	40,960	47,120	52,900	40,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,060	30,075	33,985	84.0	81.9	86.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,460	7,420	9,380	8,460	7,420	9,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,805	2,570	3,235	7.6	7.0	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,790	7,210	7,030	6,790	7,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,230	36,725	39,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,600	12,830	10,770	31.0	34.9	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	67,500	55,200	60,400	67,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	78,600	61,500	70,800	78,600	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,425	8,495	9,935	24.2	23.1	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	24,400	21,600	22,800	24,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,160	36,880	28,120	32,160	36,880	28,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	89.0	80.8	85.2	89.0	80.8
Employment income (%)	66.6	70.4	62.2	66.6	70.4	62.2
Government transfers (%)	14.7	11.1	19.2	14.7	11.1	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800	...	...	41,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	855	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,810	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,680	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,780	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,870	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,715	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,455	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,395	...	...	34.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,390	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,055	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,660	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,290	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	415	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	870	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,205	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,970	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,165	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,960	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,050	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,205	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,980	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,965	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,110	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,320	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,185	...	...	26.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,245	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,775	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,165	...	...	9.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,675	9,865	10,810	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	36,000	36,400	37,200	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	33,200	33,600	34,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,200	...	...	164,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,800	...	...	134,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...	74,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,595	9,905	10,690	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,320	46,360	44,400	45,320	46,360	44,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	39,560	38,880	39,200	39,560	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,685	43,480	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,055	8,225	7,835	17.9	18.9	17.0
0 to 5 years	4,990	2,530	2,455	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	55,815	27,460	28,350	62.2	63.2	61.4
65 years and over	17,820	7,800	10,020	19.9	17.9	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,380	5,195	6,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,555	1,320	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	955	485	465	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,690	3,170	3,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,140	705	1,430	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	12.0	13.4	12.7	12.0	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.9	16.0	15.8	15.9	16.0	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0	19.2	18.9	19.0	19.2	18.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.5	12.4	12.0	11.5	12.4
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.1	14.3	12.0	9.1	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,690	43,485	46,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,060	8,220	7,840	17.9	18.9	17.0
0 to 5 years	4,990	2,535	2,460	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	55,810	27,455	28,355	62.2	63.1	61.4
65 years and over	17,820	7,805	10,015	19.9	17.9	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,110	2,725	2,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	735	390	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	135	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,105	2,225	1,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	110	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	6.3	5.2	5.7	6.3	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	5.3	4.3	4.8	5.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	8.1	6.6	7.4	8.1	6.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,685	43,480	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,450	21,865	24,585	51.8	50.3	53.2
In bottom decile	10,885	5,260	5,630	12.1	12.1	12.2
In second decile	9,595	4,190	5,405	10.7	9.6	11.7
In third decile	9,130	4,320	4,815	10.2	9.9	10.4
In fourth decile	8,595	4,075	4,525	9.6	9.4	9.8
In fifth decile	8,240	4,025	4,220	9.2	9.3	9.1
In top half of the distribution	43,235	21,620	21,620	48.2	49.7	46.8
In sixth decile	8,120	3,975	4,145	9.1	9.1	9.0
In seventh decile	8,505	4,260	4,250	9.5	9.8	9.2
In eighth decile	8,830	4,355	4,470	9.8	10.0	9.7
In ninth decile	9,450	4,770	4,680	10.5	11.0	10.1
In top decile	8,335	4,255	4,075	9.3	9.8	8.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,690	...	...	89,690	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.335	...	...	0.335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458	...	...	0.458	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	61,270	30,850	30,420	67.7	70.4	65.1
French only	760	305	455	0.8	0.7	1.0
English and French	28,160	12,545	15,615	31.1	28.6	33.4
Neither English nor French	335	125	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,710	36,395	37,315	81.4	83.0	79.9
French	15,885	7,025	8,855	17.5	16.0	19.0
English and French	625	300	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Neither English nor French	305	110	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,380	41,800	44,585	95.4	95.4	95.5
Official languages	77,840	37,715	40,125	86.0	86.1	85.9
English	61,895	30,640	31,255	68.4	69.9	66.9
French	15,945	7,075	8,865	17.6	16.1	19.0
Non-official languages	8,540	4,080	4,455	9.4	9.3	9.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,405	4,030	4,375	9.3	9.2	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	200	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	360	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	350	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	375	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	150	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,720	2,885	6.2	6.2	6.2
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	375	540	1.0	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	870	355	515	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	150	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,675	945	730	1.9	2.2	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,575	885	685	1.7	2.0	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	430	265	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
Hindi	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465	250	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,430	1,120	1,315	2.7	2.6	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,575	700	875	1.7	1.6	1.9
Portuguese	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	580	270	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	250	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	520	240	270	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	335	155	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	555	210	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Estonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	475	165	305	0.5	0.4	0.7
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,145	2,025	2,120	4.6	4.6	4.5
English and French	2,640	1,255	1,385	2.9	2.9	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	650	605	1.4	1.5	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,555	34,375	35,180	76.8	78.4	75.3
French	4,835	2,080	2,755	5.3	4.7	5.9
Non-official language	1,900	865	1,030	2.1	2.0	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,880	860	1,020	2.1	2.0	2.2
English and French	7,710	3,265	4,445	8.5	7.5	9.5
English and non-official language(s)	5,685	2,820	2,865	6.3	6.4	6.1
French and non-official language(s)	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	545	255	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,605	42,535	45,080	96.8	97.1	96.5
Official languages	83,800	40,665	43,135	92.6	92.8	92.4
English	77,085	37,810	39,280	85.2	86.3	84.1
French	6,715	2,860	3,855	7.4	6.5	8.3
Non-official languages	3,810	1,870	1,940	4.2	4.3	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,775	1,860	1,920	4.2	4.2	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	150	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,480	1,225	1,255	2.7	2.8	2.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,170	670	500	1.3	1.5	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,095	630	465	1.2	1.4	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	335	210	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	985	430	560	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	490	190	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	355	165	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	365	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,920	1,290	1,625	3.2	2.9	3.5
English and French	1,565	635	935	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,220	595	630	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,525	43,825	46,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,860	38,435	40,425	87.1	87.7	86.6
English	3,145	1,430	1,715	3.5	3.3	3.7
French	4,545	1,990	2,560	5.0	4.5	5.5
Non-official language	2,970	1,430	1,535	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,725	1,320	1,405	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	360	200	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	245	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	340	195	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,545	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,220	43,390	45,830	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	88,480	43,125	45,355	98.8	99.1	98.5
French	28,615	12,680	15,935	32.0	29.1	34.6
Non-official languages	12,670	6,215	6,460	14.1	14.3	14.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	495	255	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Algonquian languages	495	250	245	0.6	0.6	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	430	225	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	420	220	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	365	195	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,190	5,970	6,225	13.6	13.7	13.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	515	305	210	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	280	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	460	265	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	355	110	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	240	80	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	545	310	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	205	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,035	4,055	3,980	9.0	9.3	8.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040	460	580	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,025	455	565	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	320	145	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	770	325	440	0.9	0.7	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	500	225	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	500	225	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	130	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,285	1,450	835	2.6	3.3	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,130	1,355	775	2.4	3.1	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	630	430	205	0.7	1.0	0.4
Hindi	1,290	805	480	1.4	1.9	1.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	775	495	285	0.9	1.1	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	245	140	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	110	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	135	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,895	1,770	2,125	4.3	4.1	4.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,310	1,020	1,290	2.6	2.3	2.8
Portuguese	350	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,390	605	785	1.6	1.4	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,065	465	600	1.2	1.1	1.3
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	385	165	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	175	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	690	315	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	665	305	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	470	210	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	610	270	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	535	225	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,550	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,535	4,470	5,065	10.6	10.3	11.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,330	4,370	4,965	10.4	10.0	10.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,020	2,410	2,605	5.6	5.5	5.7
Métis	4,240	1,925	2,315	4.7	4.4	5.0
Inuk (Inuit)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	80,010	39,035	40,970	89.3	89.7	89.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,550	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,670	1,800	1,875	4.1	4.1	4.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,875	41,705	44,165	95.9	95.9	95.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,635	...	...	51.6	...	...
Renter	20,265	...	...	48.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,100	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not condominium	40,805	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	7,485	...	...	17.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,380	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,955	...	...	33.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,755	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,160	...	...	33.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,530	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,610	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,935	...	...	11.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,675	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,400	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	500	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,415	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,485	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,895	...	...	33.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,270	...	...	36.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,930	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,485	...	...	8.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,110	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,165	...	...	2.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,220	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	830	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,800	...	...	92.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,100	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,480	...	...	58.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,015	...	...	38.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,410	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,210	...	...	5.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,325	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,265	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,505	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,110	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,680	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,090	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,715	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,895	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,810	...	...	21.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,200	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,180	...	...	29.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,790	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,120	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,075	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	825	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,720	...	...	70.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,270	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	36,830	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,640	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,366	...	...	1,366	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	389,200	...	...	389,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...	32.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,035	...	...	1,035	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,545	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,005	1,960	2,045	4.5	4.5	4.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,955	1,945	2,015	4.4	4.5	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,935	1,445	1,490	3.3	3.3	3.2
Métis single ancestry	985	490	495	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,335	3,380	3,955	8.2	7.8	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	7,180	3,300	3,880	8.0	7.6	8.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,465	2,115	2,350	5.0	4.9	5.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,675	1,160	1,510	3.0	2.7	3.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,205	38,165	40,045	87.3	87.7	87.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,545	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,860	40,465	43,400	93.7	93.0	94.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,940	7,635	7,305	16.7	17.5	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,920	32,830	36,090	77.0	75.5	78.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,680	3,040	2,645	6.3	7.0	5.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,545	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,530	37,965	40,570	87.7	87.3	88.1
Immigrants⁸¹	7,620	3,610	4,015	8.5	8.3	8.7
Before 1980	3,005	1,320	1,690	3.4	3.0	3.7
1980 to 1990	490	235	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	655	320	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,035	560	475	1.2	1.3	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,440	1,170	1,275	2.7	2.7	2.8
2011 to 2015	940	410	530	1.0	0.9	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,505	760	745	1.7	1.7	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,390	1,935	1,460	3.8	4.4	3.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,620	3,610	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,015	515	500	13.3	14.3	12.5
5 to 14 years	1,450	605	845	19.0	16.8	21.0
15 to 24 years	1,900	925	975	24.9	25.6	24.3
25 to 44 years	2,965	1,415	1,555	38.9	39.2	38.7
45 years and over	300	150	145	3.9	4.2	3.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,620	3,610	4,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	975	480	500	12.8	13.3	12.5
Brazil	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Guyana	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Haiti	90	40	50	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jamaica	130	100	30	1.7	2.8	0.7
Mexico	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Peru	40	10	30	0.5	0.3	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
United States of America	335	160	170	4.4	4.4	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	230	100	130	3.0	2.8	3.2
Europe	3,225	1,465	1,760	42.3	40.6	43.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	35	25	0.8	1.0	0.6
Croatia	75	30	45	1.0	0.8	1.1
France	50	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Germany	265	145	125	3.5	4.0	3.1
Greece	100	45	55	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hungary	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.4
Italy	1,030	450	580	13.5	12.5	14.4
Netherlands	50	15	35	0.7	0.4	0.9
Poland	150	50	100	2.0	1.4	2.5
Portugal	95	55	40	1.2	1.5	1.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	620	285	330	8.1	7.9	8.2
Other places of birth in Europe	625	280	340	8.2	7.8	8.5
Africa	1,230	590	640	16.1	16.3	15.9
Algeria	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	35	40	0.9	1.0	1.0
Egypt	35	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	160	60	100	2.1	1.7	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	45	1.2	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	840	410	425	11.0	11.4	10.6
Asia	2,150	1,045	1,100	28.2	28.9	27.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	80	60	25	1.0	1.7	0.6
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	40	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	0.8	1.2	0.5
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	290	125	160	3.8	3.5	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	35	0.5	0.3	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	215	55	160	2.8	1.5	4.0
Viet Nam	110	60	50	1.4	1.7	1.2
Bangladesh	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
India	725	400	330	9.5	11.1	8.2
Pakistan	180	110	65	2.4	3.0	1.6
Sri Lanka	60	20	40	0.8	0.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	240	100	140	3.1	2.8	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,505	760	745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	125	95	15.0	16.4	12.8
Brazil	25	15	10	1.7	2.0	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.7	2.6	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	40	15	3.3	5.3	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	70	7.3	5.3	9.4
Europe	50	25	20	3.3	3.3	2.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	1.3	2.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Africa	585	255	325	38.9	33.6	43.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	30	20	10	2.0	2.6	1.3
Cameroon	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Côte d'Ivoire	215	95	120	14.3	12.5	16.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	40	75	7.6	5.3	10.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	2.7	2.0	3.4
Sudan⁹⁷	40	20	20	2.7	2.6	2.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	50	50	7.0	6.6	6.7
Asia	625	330	295	41.5	43.4	39.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	25	40	4.3	3.3	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	175	145	20.9	23.0	19.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	30	10	2.7	3.9	1.3
Philippines	85	30	60	5.6	3.9	8.1
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.3	3.3	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,550	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,455	5,730	5,725	12.8	13.2	12.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,600	5,270	5,325	11.8	12.1	11.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,490	32,505	34,985	75.4	74.7	76.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,615	2,290	2,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,515	1,280	1,240	54.5	55.9	53.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,100	730	370	23.8	31.9	15.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,415	550	865	30.7	24.0	37.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,355	655	700	29.4	28.6	30.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	615	295	325	13.3	12.9	13.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	65	65	2.7	2.8	2.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,615	2,290	2,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	355	190	165	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	545	270	275	11.8	11.8	11.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	105	65	3.8	4.6	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	510	295	215	11.1	12.9	9.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	15	45	1.4	0.7	1.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,970	1,410	1,565	64.4	61.6	67.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,550	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,570	4,960	4,610	10.7	11.4	10.0
South Asian	2,880	1,775	1,110	3.2	4.1	2.4
Chinese	860	395	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
Black	3,590	1,720	1,875	4.0	4.0	4.1
Filipino	350	125	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	320	195	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	625	300	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Southeast Asian	305	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	210	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,975	38,545	41,430	89.3	88.6	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,545	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,995	6,840	7,150	15.6	15.7	15.5
English	14,400	7,135	7,265	16.1	16.4	15.8
Irish	16,320	7,670	8,655	18.2	17.6	18.8
Scottish	13,585	6,585	7,000	15.2	15.1	15.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,910	10,825	12,090	25.6	24.9	26.3
German	6,650	3,160	3,495	7.4	7.3	7.6
Chinese	940	450	490	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italian	8,575	4,195	4,375	9.6	9.6	9.5
Indian (India)	1,735	1,085	650	1.9	2.5	1.4
Ukrainian	4,275	2,025	2,245	4.8	4.7	4.9
Dutch	1,910	925	980	2.1	2.1	2.1
Polish	3,115	1,520	1,590	3.5	3.5	3.5
Québécois	595	290	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,280	1,190	1,090	2.5	2.7	2.4
Filipino	375	130	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	5,415	2,350	3,065	6.0	5.4	6.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,565	1,235	1,330	2.9	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,395	1,600	1,800	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis	3,840	1,745	2,095	4.3	4.0	4.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,020	490	535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Russian	610	300	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	565	260	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	1,115	505	620	1.2	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	500	245	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	680	355	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	475	165	305	0.5	0.4	0.7
Swedish	795	380	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hungarian	560	255	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Acadian	610	300	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistani	240	140	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	830	370	460	0.9	0.9	1.0
Jewish	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	140	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Greek	360	165	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	450	290	160	0.5	0.7	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	375	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	235	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	265	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	140	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	255	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,210	600	605	1.4	1.4	1.3
Sikh	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	485	190	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belgian	305	115	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindu	310	185	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	185	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	3,605	1,700	1,905	4.0	3.9	4.1
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	640	320	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	220	110	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	285	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	1,335	690	650	1.5	1.6	1.4
Newfoundlander	330	145	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	765	355	410	0.9	0.8	0.9
Persian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	315	130	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Armenian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	440	190	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	230	105	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	315	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	135	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	100	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	725	325	405	0.8	0.7	0.9
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,550	43,505	46,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	110	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	54,345	24,880	29,470	60.7	57.2	64.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,220	1,980	2,240	4.7	4.6	4.9
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,540	1,115	1,425	2.8	2.6	3.1
Baptist	830	340	495	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catholic	38,330	17,775	20,550	42.8	40.9	44.6
Christian Orthodox	580	275	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,020	470	555	1.1	1.1	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,205	465	740	1.3	1.1	1.6
Presbyterian	565	250	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,095	1,315	1,785	3.5	3.0	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,435	660	775	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	1,300	825	475	1.5	1.9	1.0
Jewish	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,410	780	635	1.6	1.8	1.4
Sikh	530	310	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	280	105	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595	245	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	30,665	16,155	14,505	34.2	37.1	31.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,800	43,120	45,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	77,450	37,705	39,745	87.2	87.4	87.0
Movers	11,345	5,415	5,935	12.8	12.6	13.0
Non-migrants	8,135	3,825	4,310	9.2	8.9	9.4
Migrants	3,215	1,585	1,630	3.6	3.7	3.6
Internal migrants	2,680	1,290	1,390	3.0	3.0	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255	1,085	1,165	2.5	2.5	2.6
Interprovincial migrants	425	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	535	295	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,640	41,565	44,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,885	23,985	25,900	58.2	57.7	58.8
Movers	35,755	17,580	18,175	41.8	42.3	41.2
Non-migrants	22,470	10,870	11,600	26.2	26.2	26.3
Migrants	13,285	6,710	6,575	15.5	16.1	14.9
Internal migrants	9,095	4,400	4,695	10.6	10.6	10.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,535	3,545	3,985	8.8	8.5	9.0
Interprovincial migrants	1,560	855	705	1.8	2.1	1.6
External migrants	4,190	2,310	1,880	4.9	5.6	4.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,230	36,725	39,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,760	7,485	7,275	19.4	20.4	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,480	29,240	32,240	80.7	79.6	81.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,975	23,075	23,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,190	2,920	2,270	11.0	12.7	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,790	20,155	21,635	89.0	87.3	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,235	36,725	39,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,175	6,600	6,580	17.3	18.0	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,375	10,010	10,365	26.7	27.3	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,680	20,115	22,560	56.0	54.8	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,445	12,400	13,045	33.4	33.8	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,320	3,125	1,195	5.7	8.5	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,245	1,435	810	2.9	3.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,070	1,690	380	2.7	4.6	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,955	8,830	11,130	26.2	24.0	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170	445	725	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,235	7,715	9,515	22.6	21.0	24.1
Bachelor's degree	11,870	5,215	6,655	15.6	14.2	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	455	665	1.5	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465	270	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,080	1,335	1,740	4.0	3.6	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	690	440	250	0.9	1.2	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,975	23,075	23,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,390	2,510	1,885	9.3	10.9	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,380	6,115	5,270	24.2	26.5	22.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,205	14,455	16,750	66.4	62.6	70.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,280	8,830	9,450	38.9	38.3	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,625	1,880	740	5.6	8.1	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,435	945	495	3.1	4.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,185	935	245	2.5	4.1	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,965	6,680	8,280	31.9	28.9	34.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	690	265	430	1.5	1.1	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,925	5,620	7,300	27.5	24.4	30.5
Bachelor's degree	8,670	3,775	4,895	18.5	16.4	20.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	855	325	535	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360	180	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	2,515	1,020	1,495	5.4	4.4	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	515	325	195	1.1	1.4	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,235	36,725	39,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,550	16,605	16,950	44.0	45.2	42.9
Education	2,385	555	1,825	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	2,385	555	1,825	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	585	500	1.4	1.6	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	130	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	905	450	455	1.2	1.2	1.2
Humanities	1,915	720	1,190	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	25	165	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	355	110	245	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	165	375	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	325	210	115	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	25	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,410	1,820	3,590	7.1	5.0	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	215	360	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,225	135	1,090	1.6	0.4	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	955	415	545	1.3	1.1	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	895	245	650	1.2	0.7	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,485	765	720	1.9	2.1	1.8
Business, management and public administration	8,055	2,925	5,135	10.6	8.0	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,455	290	1,165	1.9	0.8	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,590	2,635	3,960	8.6	7.2	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,010	1,100	915	2.6	3.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	350	465	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	815	590	225	1.1	1.6	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,355	870	485	1.8	2.4	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,050	720	325	1.4	2.0	0.8
25. Library science	110	25	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,435	8,525	910	12.4	23.2	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	215	145	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,770	1,410	360	2.3	3.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,825	2,510	320	3.7	6.8	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,475	1,435	35	1.9	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180	2,105	70	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	965	915	50	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	330	315	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	215	135	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	7,790	1,475	6,315	10.2	4.0	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	275	415	0.9	0.7	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,920	1,110	5,810	9.1	3.0	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,585	1,215	1,370	3.4	3.3	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	320	1,035	1.8	0.9	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	775	475	300	1.0	1.3	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	455	415	35	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,975	23,075	23,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,775	8,620	7,150	33.6	37.4	29.9
Education	1,510	345	1,175	3.2	1.5	4.9
13. Education	1,510	345	1,175	3.2	1.5	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	815	455	365	1.7	2.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	105	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	685	345	340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Humanities	1,200	445	755	2.6	1.9	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	0	110	0.2	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	210	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	345	95	255	0.7	0.4	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	240	145	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,165	1,335	2,835	8.9	5.8	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	190	325	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	95	865	2.0	0.4	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	740	310	430	1.6	1.3	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	660	165	495	1.4	0.7	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,080	535	545	2.3	2.3	2.3
Business, management and public administration	5,995	2,110	3,885	12.8	9.1	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,180	230	950	2.5	1.0	4.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,805	1,880	2,930	10.2	8.1	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,505	790	715	3.2	3.4	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	260	375	1.3	1.1	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	610	430	175	1.3	1.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	995	680	315	2.1	2.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	595	230	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,700	5,965	730	14.3	25.9	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	165	95	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,395	1,075	320	3.0	4.7	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080	1,855	225	4.4	8.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	925	890	35	2.0	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,490	1,430	60	3.2	6.2	0.3
48. Precision production	640	615	30	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	245	235	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	90	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	150	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	5,775	1,120	4,660	12.3	4.9	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	215	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,135	835	4,295	10.9	3.6	18.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,050	970	1,080	4.4	4.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,075	270	805	2.3	1.2	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	375	245	1.3	1.6	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	330	25	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,975	23,075	23,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,775	8,620	7,150	33.6	37.4	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,200	14,450	16,750	66.4	62.6	70.1
Location of study inside Canada	28,380	13,070	15,310	60.4	56.6	64.1
Same as province or territory of residence	27,075	12,430	14,645	57.6	53.9	61.3
Different than province or territory of residence	1,305	640	665	2.8	2.8	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,825	1,385	1,440	6.0	6.0	6.0
Americas	690	300	390	1.5	1.3	1.6
United States of America	390	185	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	130	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Europe	385	235	150	0.8	1.0	0.6
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200	125	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	580	280	305	1.2	1.2	1.3
Nigeria	235	95	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	250	130	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Asia	1,055	505	550	2.2	2.2	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	620	330	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
Pakistan	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,235	36,725	39,510	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,780	23,505	22,275	...	...	...
Employed	40,400	20,885	19,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,375	2,620	2,760	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,455	13,220	17,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.1	64.0	56.4	60.1	64.0	56.4
Employment rate	53.0	56.9	49.4	53.0	56.9	49.4
Unemployment rate	11.7	11.1	12.4	11.7	11.1	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,235	36,725	39,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,195	13,695	17,505	40.9	37.3	44.3
Worked	45,040	23,030	22,005	59.1	62.7	55.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,325	13,275	11,055	31.9	36.1	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,710	9,755	10,955	27.2	26.6	27.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.1	40.6	41.3	42.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,775	23,500	22,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	695	560	2.8	3.0	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,515	22,805	21,715	97.2	97.0	97.5
Employee	40,485	20,380	20,105	88.4	86.7	90.2
Permanent position	33,305	17,050	16,250	72.8	72.6	72.9
Temporary position	7,180	3,335	3,850	15.7	14.2	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,210	1,000	1,205	4.8	4.3	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,970	2,330	2,640	10.9	9.9	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,035	2,425	1,610	8.8	10.3	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,775	23,500	22,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	695	560	2.8	3.0	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,515	22,805	21,715	97.2	97.0	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	355	205	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,980	2,750	5,230	17.4	11.7	23.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,395	2,635	760	7.4	11.2	3.4
3 Health occupations	4,550	940	3,610	9.9	4.0	16.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,755	1,705	4,045	12.6	7.3	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	980	410	570	2.1	1.7	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,250	5,815	6,435	26.8	24.7	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,010	6,420	590	15.3	27.3	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,445	1,280	165	3.2	5.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	800	650	150	1.7	2.8	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,775	23,500	22,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265	695	560	2.8	3.0	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	44,515	22,805	21,715	97.2	97.0	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155	105	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,745	2,345	395	6.0	10.0	1.8
22 Utilities	210	160	50	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	3,060	2,685	375	6.7	11.4	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,680	1,405	280	3.7	6.0	1.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,185	920	260	2.6	3.9	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,975	3,095	2,875	13.1	13.2	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,705	1,350	350	3.7	5.7	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	640	345	290	1.4	1.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,225	540	685	2.7	2.3	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	695	395	300	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,680	1,585	1,100	5.9	6.7	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,015	1,220	795	4.4	5.2	3.6
61 Educational services	3,920	1,220	2,700	8.6	5.2	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,410	1,425	5,980	16.2	6.1	26.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	620	275	345	1.4	1.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,885	1,235	1,655	6.3	5.3	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,615	800	815	3.5	3.4	3.7
91 Public administration	4,040	1,645	2,395	8.8	7.0	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,730	24,835	23,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,115	22,035	19,075	84.4	88.7	79.8
French	1,120	305	815	2.3	1.2	3.4
Non-official language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,965	2,215	3,745	12.2	8.9	15.7
English and non-official language(s)	375	205	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,730	24,835	23,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,915	24,585	23,330	98.3	99.0	97.6
Official languages	47,815	24,535	23,280	98.1	98.8	97.4
English	46,050	24,040	22,010	94.5	96.8	92.1
French	1,765	495	1,270	3.6	2.0	5.3
Non-official languages	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	820	255	560	1.7	1.0	2.3
English and French	765	235	530	1.6	0.9	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,730	24,835	23,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,110	22,640	20,470	88.5	91.2	85.7
English	675	200	470	1.4	0.8	2.0
French	4,570	1,795	2,775	9.4	7.2	11.6
Non-official language	300	170	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	260	155	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,400	20,885	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,385	3,465	4,920	20.8	16.6	25.2
Worked outside Canada	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,655	3,480	1,170	11.5	16.7	6.0
Usual place of work	27,330	13,915	13,420	67.6	66.6	68.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,330	13,915	13,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,495	13,405	13,090	96.9	96.3	97.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750	450	300	2.7	3.2	2.2
Commute to a different province or territory	90	65	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,985	17,395	14,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,550	15,255	12,290	86.1	87.7	84.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,045	14,195	10,850	78.3	81.6	74.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,505	1,060	1,440	7.8	6.1	9.9
Public transit	2,100	935	1,165	6.6	5.4	8.0
Walked	1,500	720	785	4.7	4.1	5.4
Bicycle	175	145	30	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	655	335	315	2.0	1.9	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,985	17,395	14,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,585	7,260	7,325	45.6	41.7	50.2
15 to 29 minutes	12,690	6,935	5,755	39.7	39.9	39.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,745	1,860	880	8.6	10.7	6.0
45 to 59 minutes	910	635	275	2.8	3.7	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,060	705	350	3.3	4.1	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,985	17,395	14,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,170	1,730	440	6.8	9.9	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,470	3,470	1,995	17.1	19.9	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,805	4,555	4,245	27.5	26.2	29.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,645	2,930	3,715	20.8	16.8	25.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,245	1,540	1,705	10.1	8.9	11.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,655	3,175	2,480	17.7	18.3	17.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,375	8,385	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,180	3,090	3,090	37.7	36.9	38.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,195	5,295	4,900	62.3	63.1	61.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,015	6,140	5,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,635	2,310	2,325	38.6	37.6	39.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,080	1,515	1,560	25.6	24.7	26.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,560	790	765	13.0	12.9	13.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,375	3,835	3,545	61.4	62.5	60.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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