Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SudburyMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,380	55,670	58,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,105	8,755	8,345	15.0	15.7	14.2
0 to 4 years	5,060	2,575	2,485	4.4	4.6	4.2
5 to 9 years	6,045	3,060	2,985	5.3	5.5	5.1
10 to 14 years	6,000	3,125	2,870	5.2	5.6	4.9
15 to 64 years	73,305	36,395	36,905	64.1	65.4	62.9
15 to 19 years	5,910	2,990	2,925	5.2	5.4	5.0
20 to 24 years	7,880	4,130	3,755	6.9	7.4	6.4
25 to 29 years	7,915	4,065	3,850	6.9	7.3	6.6
30 to 34 years	7,225	3,625	3,605	6.3	6.5	6.1
35 to 39 years	6,995	3,465	3,535	6.1	6.2	6.0
40 to 44 years	6,870	3,335	3,530	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	6,790	3,390	3,400	5.9	6.1	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,055	3,470	3,585	6.2	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,540	4,185	4,355	7.5	7.5	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,125	3,755	4,370	7.1	6.7	7.4
65 years and over	23,975	10,510	13,460	21.0	18.9	22.9
65 to 69 years	7,040	3,255	3,785	6.2	5.8	6.4
70 to 74 years	5,960	2,830	3,130	5.2	5.1	5.3
75 to 79 years	4,245	1,880	2,360	3.7	3.4	4.0
80 to 84 years	3,235	1,380	1,860	2.8	2.5	3.2
85 years and over	3,495	1,175	2,315	3.1	2.1	3.9
85 to 89 years	2,125	780	1,340	1.9	1.4	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,035	325	710	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	290	60	230	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.7	14.2	15.0	15.7	14.2
15 to 64 years	64.1	65.4	62.9	64.1	65.4	62.9
65 years and over	21.0	18.9	22.9	21.0	18.9	22.9
85 years and over	3.1	2.1	3.9	3.1	2.1	3.9
Average age of the population	43.1	41.7	44.4	43.1	41.7	44.4
Median age of the population	42.8	41.2	44.8	42.8	41.2	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,800	...	...	52.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,435	...	...	4.8	...	...
Row house	2,435	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,625	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,310	...	...	20.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,780	...	...	9.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,390	...	...	34.3	...	...
2 persons	17,845	...	...	35.2	...	...
3 persons	7,075	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	5,770	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,640	...	...	5.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,735	54,565	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,275	46,910	50,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,535	25,645	25,885	53.0	54.7	51.4
Married	38,885	19,355	19,530	40.0	41.3	38.8
Living common-law	12,645	6,290	6,355	13.0	13.4	12.6
Living common law - Never married	9,160	4,555	4,605	9.4	9.7	9.1
Living common law - Separated	755	405	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,370	1,195	1,175	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	355	135	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	45,735	21,260	24,475	47.0	45.3	48.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,720	15,750	12,970	29.5	33.6	25.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,575	1,515	2,060	3.7	3.2	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,290	2,520	3,775	6.5	5.4	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,155	1,480	5,680	7.4	3.2	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,390	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,665	...	...	56.3	...	...
3 persons	6,520	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	5,265	...	...	16.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,935	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,185	...	...	80.2	...	...
Married couples	18,860	...	...	60.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,920	...	...	28.4	...	...
Without children	9,945	...	...	31.7	...	...
Common-law couples	6,320	...	...	20.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,410	...	...	7.7	...	...
Without children	3,910	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,200	...	...	19.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,805	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,395	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,740	54,565	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,250	42,365	43,885	77.2	77.6	76.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,375	25,105	25,270	45.1	46.0	44.2
Parents in one-parent families	6,200	1,395	4,805	5.5	2.6	8.4
Children⁶	29,680	15,865	13,815	26.6	29.1	24.2
In a two-parent family	20,160	10,730	9,430	18.0	19.7	16.5
In a one-parent family	9,520	5,140	4,385	8.5	9.4	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,485	12,200	13,290	22.8	22.4	23.2
Living alone	17,390	7,800	9,595	15.6	14.3	16.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,430	1,140	1,290	2.2	2.1	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,660	3,260	2,400	5.1	6.0	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,555	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	23,375	...	...	46.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,565	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	12,810	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,185	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	830	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,285	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,495	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	17,395	...	...	34.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,655	45,810	48,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,750	44,280	47,470	96.9	96.7	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,200	39,200	43,600	49,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,820	44,325	47,495	97.0	96.8	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	35,600	39,600	43,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,510	39,965	41,540	86.1	87.2	85.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	31,600	38,000	45,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,075	33,995	31,075	68.7	74.2	63.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,800	38,800	43,200	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,365	39,585	43,780	88.1	86.4	89.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,300	11,100	9,700	8,300	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,090	4,325	4,765	9.6	9.4	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,720	5,720	5,720	5,720	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,010	10,815	12,195	24.3	23.6	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,725	44,195	47,530	96.9	96.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	62,700	47,920	55,050	62,700	47,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,800	44,245	47,560	97.0	96.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,250	41,200	46,040	51,250	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,415	39,850	41,560	86.0	87.0	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600	59,550	42,040	50,600	59,550	42,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,945	33,710	31,235	68.6	73.6	64.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	55,650	42,840	49,520	55,650	42,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,315	39,440	43,875	88.1	86.1	89.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,120	10,050	12,080	11,120	10,050	12,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,910	4,170	4,735	9.4	9.1	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,600	7,200	6,920	6,600	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,085	10,750	12,340	24.4	23.5	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,500	8,890	8,710	8,500	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,485	16,655	13,830	32.2	36.4	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	74,500	60,400	67,000	74,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,100	85,000	67,600	77,100	85,000	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,045	11,170	12,875	25.4	24.4	26.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,000	17,000	18,600	21,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	33,560	24,660	28,800	33,560	24,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.6	76.8	81.6	85.6	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.7	67.8	58.8	63.7	67.8	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	14.3	23.3	18.4	14.3	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.7	5.8	4.6	3.7	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	4.8	4.0	3.3	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,655	45,810	48,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,905	1,530	1,375	3.1	3.4	2.8
With total income	91,750	44,280	47,470	96.9	96.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,145	2,675	3,475	6.7	6.0	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,580	4,365	6,215	11.5	9.9	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,200	5,360	7,845	14.4	12.1	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,620	4,870	6,750	12.7	11.0	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,720	5,200	5,520	11.7	11.8	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,010	4,245	4,765	9.8	9.6	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,045	3,490	3,560	7.7	7.9	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,315	2,755	2,560	5.8	6.2	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,915	2,240	1,675	4.3	5.0	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,130	1,745	1,385	3.4	3.9	2.9
$100,000 and over	11,065	7,340	3,725	12.1	16.6	7.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,980	4,990	2,985	8.7	11.3	6.3
$150,000 and over	3,085	2,340	745	3.4	5.3	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,655	45,810	48,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,835	1,485	1,345	3.0	3.3	2.8
With after-tax income	91,820	44,325	47,495	97.0	96.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,530	2,785	3,750	7.1	6.3	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,995	4,550	6,445	12.0	10.3	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	15,025	6,150	8,875	16.4	13.9	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,025	6,220	7,805	15.3	14.0	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,475	6,095	6,380	13.6	13.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,615	4,650	4,965	10.5	10.5	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,740	3,645	3,100	7.3	8.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,790	2,730	2,060	5.2	6.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,140	2,295	1,845	4.5	5.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	1,620	895	2.7	3.7	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,965	3,585	1,380	5.4	8.1	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,845	2,000	845	3.1	4.5	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,120	1,580	540	2.3	3.6	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,655	45,810	48,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,580	11,815	17,765	31.3	25.8	36.4
With employment income	65,075	33,995	31,075	68.7	74.2	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,970	5,600	4,370	15.3	16.5	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	4,665	2,035	2,635	7.2	6.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,255	3,255	3,995	11.1	9.6	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,765	2,635	3,130	8.9	7.8	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,530	2,580	2,950	8.5	7.6	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,560	2,625	2,940	8.5	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,170	2,420	2,750	7.9	7.1	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,285	2,155	2,130	6.6	6.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,330	1,860	1,470	5.1	5.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	1,535	1,060	4.0	4.5	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,420	1,085	3.8	4.2	3.5
$100,000 and over	8,435	5,875	2,560	13.0	17.3	8.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,360	2,715	1,645	6.7	8.0	5.3
$125,000 and over	4,075	3,160	910	6.3	9.3	2.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,655	45,810	48,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,350	43,610	46,745	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	36,000	41,600	48,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,390	43,610	46,775	95.5	95.2	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	32,800	37,600	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,870	39,655	41,215	85.4	86.6	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,655	34,230	31,420	69.4	74.7	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,400	38,800	43,600	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,095	37,480	41,615	83.6	81.8	85.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	1,920	7,200	4,840	1,920	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,485	3,475	4,010	7.9	7.6	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,840	5,640	5,720	5,840	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,270	43,435	46,840	95.4	94.8	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,700	61,050	45,000	52,700	61,050	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,315	43,445	46,875	95.5	94.8	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,840	49,520	38,520	43,840	49,520	38,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,690	39,460	41,230	85.3	86.1	84.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,840	60,250	41,840	50,840	60,250	41,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,375	33,865	31,505	69.1	73.9	64.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280	55,850	42,280	49,280	55,850	42,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,015	37,315	41,700	83.5	81.5	85.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	7,360	9,140	8,300	7,360	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,260	3,230	4,030	7.7	7.1	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,930	7,500	7,250	6,930	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,410	16,620	13,790	32.1	36.3	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	71,000	56,800	62,800	71,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	81,300	62,800	72,900	81,300	62,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,665	10,455	12,210	24.0	22.8	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,800	21,600	23,200	25,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,960	39,920	28,840	33,960	39,920	28,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.6	82.0	86.2	89.6	82.0
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.4	63.2	67.8	71.4	63.2
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.4	18.1	13.8	10.4	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,880	...	...	49,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,600	...	...	42,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,600	...	...	104,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	925	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,245	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,055	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,000	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,855	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,990	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,090	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,950	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,985	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,330	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,235	...	...	37.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,530	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,015	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,005	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,690	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	475	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	940	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,285	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,165	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,385	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,180	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,485	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,255	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,625	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,735	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,925	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,185	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,545	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,775	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,870	...	...	11.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,055	11,060	11,995	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,200	36,400	37,200	39,200	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	35,200	33,600	34,400	35,200	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	167,600	...	...	167,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,000	11,065	11,935	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,480	48,360	44,760	46,480	48,360	44,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	41,000	39,160	40,040	41,000	39,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,735	54,565	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,430	10,465	9,965	18.3	19.2	17.4
0 to 5 years	6,290	3,160	3,130	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	69,210	34,190	35,020	61.9	62.7	61.3
65 years and over	22,095	9,905	12,190	19.8	18.2	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,465	5,690	6,775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,755	1,420	1,335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,015	520	500	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,260	3,440	3,815	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,450	825	1,625	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.4	11.9	11.2	10.4	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.6	13.4	13.5	13.6	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.4	15.9	16.1	16.4	15.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.1	10.9	10.5	10.1	10.9
65 years and over (%)	11.1	8.3	13.3	11.1	8.3	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,735	54,565	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,430	10,465	9,965	18.3	19.2	17.4
0 to 5 years	6,290	3,160	3,130	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	69,210	34,190	35,020	61.9	62.7	61.3
65 years and over	22,095	9,905	12,190	19.8	18.2	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,390	2,865	2,525	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	785	410	380	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	255	140	120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,315	2,335	1,980	...	...	...
65 years and over	290	120	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.3	4.4	4.8	5.3	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.5	3.7	4.1	4.5	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.8	5.7	6.2	6.8	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,735	54,565	57,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,680	25,315	28,360	48.0	46.4	49.6
In bottom decile	11,775	5,680	6,100	10.5	10.4	10.7
In second decile	10,715	4,680	6,035	9.6	8.6	10.6
In third decile	10,695	5,060	5,635	9.6	9.3	9.9
In fourth decile	10,340	4,930	5,405	9.3	9.0	9.5
In fifth decile	10,155	4,970	5,180	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	58,055	29,245	28,810	52.0	53.6	50.4
In sixth decile	10,335	5,090	5,245	9.2	9.3	9.2
In seventh decile	11,125	5,595	5,530	10.0	10.3	9.7
In eighth decile	11,820	5,890	5,930	10.6	10.8	10.4
In ninth decile	12,940	6,585	6,350	11.6	12.1	11.1
In top decile	11,845	6,090	5,755	10.6	11.2	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,735	...	...	111,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.333	...	...	0.333	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	77,000	38,975	38,025	68.3	70.9	65.8
French only	845	350	495	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and French	34,580	15,525	19,060	30.7	28.2	33.0
Neither English nor French	375	150	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	92,795	46,040	46,750	82.3	83.7	80.9
French	18,955	8,490	10,465	16.8	15.4	18.1
English and French	705	335	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	350	130	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,905	52,610	55,290	95.7	95.7	95.6
Official languages	98,260	48,005	50,255	87.1	87.3	86.9
English	79,190	39,430	39,755	70.2	71.7	68.8
French	19,070	8,570	10,500	16.9	15.6	18.2
Non-official languages	9,645	4,610	5,035	8.6	8.4	8.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,500	4,555	4,950	8.4	8.3	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	220	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	150	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,265	3,040	3,220	5.6	5.5	5.6
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,080	450	630	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,030	425	605	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	305	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	575	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	390	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,720	970	750	1.5	1.8	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,615	910	700	1.4	1.7	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	435	270	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	260	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465	250	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,740	1,275	1,465	2.4	2.3	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,790	820	975	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portuguese	270	145	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	625	285	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	550	260	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	550	260	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	875	350	520	0.8	0.6	0.9
Estonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	775	300	475	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hungarian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,905	2,390	2,515	4.3	4.3	4.4
English and French	3,250	1,535	1,710	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	705	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	88,590	44,075	44,520	78.5	80.1	77.0
French	5,635	2,475	3,165	5.0	4.5	5.5
Non-official language	2,020	925	1,095	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,000	920	1,085	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	9,400	4,000	5,400	8.3	7.3	9.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,250	3,080	3,165	5.5	5.6	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	285	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,545	53,555	55,990	97.1	97.4	96.9
Official languages	105,505	51,570	53,935	93.5	93.8	93.3
English	97,645	48,165	49,480	86.6	87.6	85.6
French	7,865	3,405	4,460	7.0	6.2	7.7
Non-official languages	4,035	1,985	2,055	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,000	1,970	2,030	3.5	3.6	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,610	1,285	1,325	2.3	2.3	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,185	680	505	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,115	645	475	1.0	1.2	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	335	210	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	450	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	530	210	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	370	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,265	1,445	1,815	2.9	2.6	3.1
English and French	1,840	755	1,090	1.6	1.4	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,285	620	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,805	55,000	57,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	99,160	48,730	50,430	87.9	88.6	87.2
English	3,580	1,635	1,950	3.2	3.0	3.4
French	5,630	2,460	3,170	5.0	4.5	5.5
Non-official language	3,370	1,610	1,755	3.0	2.9	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	3,110	1,495	1,615	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and French	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	370	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	360	205	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,630	54,535	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,230	54,370	56,865	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	110,415	54,060	56,360	98.9	99.1	98.7
French	35,045	15,705	19,340	31.4	28.8	33.9
Non-official languages	14,345	7,000	7,345	12.9	12.8	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	565	265	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	560	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	495	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	390	200	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,805	6,740	7,060	12.4	12.4	12.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	340	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	530	315	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	505	300	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	380	115	265	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	265	85	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	545	315	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	350	205	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,130	4,585	4,540	8.2	8.4	8.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,280	580	700	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,240	560	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	395	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	235	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,015	440	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	670	295	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
German	670	295	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,345	1,485	865	2.1	2.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,195	1,385	805	2.0	2.5	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	650	440	210	0.6	0.8	0.4
Hindi	1,305	820	485	1.2	1.5	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	790	505	290	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	250	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	135	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,465	2,050	2,420	4.0	3.8	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,655	1,210	1,445	2.4	2.2	2.5
Portuguese	390	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,575	670	905	1.4	1.2	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,095	480	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	385	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	200	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	345	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	735	330	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	955	430	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Estonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	880	385	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hungarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,625	54,530	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,555	5,480	6,070	10.4	10.0	10.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,280	5,330	5,950	10.1	9.8	10.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,845	2,805	3,040	5.2	5.1	5.3
Métis	5,355	2,490	2,865	4.8	4.6	5.0
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	100,080	49,055	51,025	89.7	90.0	89.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,625	54,530	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,260	2,075	2,185	3.8	3.8	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,370	52,455	54,910	96.2	96.2	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,295	...	...	57.8	...	...
Renter	21,415	...	...	42.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,145	...	...	2.3	...	...
Not condominium	49,570	...	...	97.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	7,985	...	...	15.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,000	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,010	...	...	35.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,380	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,265	...	...	30.1	...	...
5 rooms	7,785	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,995	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,560	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,105	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,175	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,090	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,620	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,710	...	...	33.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,145	...	...	35.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,855	...	...	11.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,465	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,370	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,615	...	...	3.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,515	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,090	...	...	92.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,625	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,270	...	...	55.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,760	...	...	40.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,680	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,335	...	...	4.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,265	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,730	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,185	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,100	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,180	...	...	16.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,930	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,995	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,725	...	...	80.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,770	...	...	19.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,075	...	...	18.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,660	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,235	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,500	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	905	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,020	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,630	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not in core need	45,170	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,285	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,378	...	...	1,378	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	398,000	...	...	398,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,420	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.3	...	...	18.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.8	...	...	31.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,038	...	...	1,038	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,630	54,535	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,665	2,300	2,360	4.2	4.2	4.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,575	2,265	2,315	4.1	4.2	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,355	1,655	1,700	3.0	3.0	3.0
Métis single ancestry	1,185	605	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,130	4,250	4,885	8.2	7.8	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,930	4,150	4,780	8.0	7.6	8.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,460	2,575	2,885	4.9	4.7	5.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,435	1,555	1,880	3.1	2.9	3.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,835	47,985	49,850	87.6	88.0	87.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,630	54,530	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,675	51,345	54,330	94.7	94.2	95.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,310	9,950	9,360	17.3	18.2	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,370	41,395	44,970	77.4	75.9	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,950	3,185	2,765	5.3	5.8	4.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,630	54,530	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,500	48,430	51,070	89.1	88.8	89.4
Immigrants⁸¹	8,680	4,135	4,545	7.8	7.6	8.0
Before 1980	3,595	1,610	1,985	3.2	3.0	3.5
1980 to 1990	585	270	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	765	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,150	615	540	1.0	1.1	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,580	1,265	1,315	2.3	2.3	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,020	470	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,560	795	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,450	1,970	1,480	3.1	3.6	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,680	4,130	4,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,210	635	575	13.9	15.4	12.6
5 to 14 years	1,740	730	1,005	20.0	17.7	22.1
15 to 24 years	2,135	1,040	1,100	24.6	25.2	24.2
25 to 44 years	3,255	1,555	1,705	37.5	37.7	37.5
45 years and over	345	175	165	4.0	4.2	3.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,680	4,130	4,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,080	510	575	12.4	12.3	12.6
Brazil	35	10	15	0.4	0.2	0.3
Colombia	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Guyana	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haiti	90	40	50	1.0	1.0	1.1
Jamaica	140	105	35	1.6	2.5	0.8
Mexico	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Peru	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
United States of America	400	180	220	4.6	4.4	4.8
Other places of birth in Americas	245	105	140	2.8	2.5	3.1
Europe	3,955	1,850	2,110	45.6	44.8	46.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	45	35	0.9	1.1	0.8
Croatia	95	40	55	1.1	1.0	1.2
France	50	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.5
Germany	330	170	165	3.8	4.1	3.6
Greece	100	45	55	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hungary	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	1,150	540	605	13.2	13.1	13.3
Netherlands	65	20	50	0.7	0.5	1.1
Poland	200	70	125	2.3	1.7	2.7
Portugal	105	60	45	1.2	1.5	1.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	780	380	405	9.0	9.2	8.9
Other places of birth in Europe	845	385	455	9.7	9.3	10.0
Africa	1,295	625	670	14.9	15.1	14.7
Algeria	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	35	40	0.9	0.8	0.9
Egypt	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	160	60	100	1.8	1.5	2.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	50	60	1.3	1.2	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	875	430	445	10.1	10.4	9.8
Asia	2,290	1,110	1,180	26.4	26.9	25.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	60	30	1.0	1.5	0.7
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	60	40	15	0.7	1.0	0.3
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	325	145	180	3.7	3.5	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	65	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	245	65	180	2.8	1.6	4.0
Viet Nam	105	60	50	1.2	1.5	1.1
Bangladesh	50	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
India	740	405	340	8.5	9.8	7.5
Pakistan	185	120	65	2.1	2.9	1.4
Sri Lanka	55	20	40	0.6	0.5	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	260	100	165	3.0	2.4	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	45	15	0.7	1.1	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,555	795	770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	245	135	110	15.8	17.0	14.3
Brazil	25	15	10	1.6	1.9	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.6	2.5	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	45	15	3.9	5.7	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	40	80	7.7	5.0	10.4
Europe	70	50	25	4.5	6.3	3.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	1.0	1.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	10	2.3	3.1	1.3
Africa	580	255	330	37.3	32.1	42.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	30	20	10	1.9	2.5	1.3
Cameroon	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Côte d'Ivoire	220	100	120	14.1	12.6	15.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	40	80	7.4	5.0	10.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	2.6	1.9	3.9
Sudan⁹⁷	45	20	20	2.9	2.5	2.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	50	50	6.4	6.3	6.5
Asia	640	335	300	41.2	42.1	39.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	15	0	1.3	1.9	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	25	45	4.8	3.1	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	310	170	140	19.9	21.4	18.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	30	10	2.3	3.8	1.3
Philippines	85	25	55	5.5	3.1	7.1
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.3	3.1	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	25	25	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,625	54,530	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,695	6,350	6,345	11.4	11.6	11.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,220	6,535	6,685	11.8	12.0	11.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,710	41,645	44,060	76.8	76.4	77.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,085	2,520	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,765	1,415	1,345	54.4	56.2	52.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,200	790	410	23.6	31.3	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,565	625	940	30.8	24.8	36.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,540	735	800	30.3	29.2	31.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	655	305	350	12.9	12.1	13.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	60	65	2.5	2.4	2.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,085	2,520	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	365	190	175	7.2	7.5	6.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	310	290	11.9	12.3	11.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	125	75	3.9	5.0	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	550	310	240	10.8	12.3	9.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	25	70	1.9	1.0	2.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,275	1,560	1,715	64.4	61.9	67.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,630	54,535	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,000	5,165	4,835	9.0	9.5	8.5
South Asian	2,980	1,830	1,150	2.7	3.4	2.0
Chinese	945	440	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Black	3,725	1,785	1,940	3.3	3.3	3.4
Filipino	390	140	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	645	305	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	310	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	230	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,630	49,370	52,260	91.0	90.5	91.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,630	54,535	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,485	8,565	8,920	15.7	15.7	15.6
English	19,020	9,510	9,510	17.0	17.4	16.7
Irish	21,205	9,975	11,230	19.0	18.3	19.7
Scottish	17,825	8,660	9,165	16.0	15.9	16.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,220	13,915	15,305	26.2	25.5	26.8
German	8,720	4,205	4,515	7.8	7.7	7.9
Chinese	1,035	485	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	10,645	5,265	5,380	9.5	9.7	9.4
Indian (India)	1,800	1,130	670	1.6	2.1	1.2
Ukrainian	5,650	2,680	2,970	5.1	4.9	5.2
Dutch	2,540	1,225	1,310	2.3	2.2	2.3
Polish	4,035	1,960	2,075	3.6	3.6	3.6
Québécois	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,835	1,460	1,380	2.5	2.7	2.4
Filipino	415	145	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	6,825	3,075	3,750	6.1	5.6	6.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,955	1,440	1,515	2.6	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,015	1,890	2,125	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis	4,880	2,280	2,600	4.4	4.2	4.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,295	620	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
Russian	760	375	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	735	355	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	1,520	715	800	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	605	310	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
American	840	445	395	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	635	230	405	0.6	0.4	0.7
Swedish	1,150	565	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hungarian	670	310	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Acadian	725	365	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pakistani	260	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	870	390	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jewish	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	140	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Greek	425	190	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	490	310	180	0.4	0.6	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	435	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	270	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,495	765	730	1.3	1.4	1.3
Sikh	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	605	245	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belgian	375	150	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	310	185	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	220	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	5,785	2,745	3,035	5.2	5.0	5.3
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	900	455	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	1,450	735	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Newfoundlander	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	960	455	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Persian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	315	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Armenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	715	310	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	280	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	195	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	145	115	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	835	375	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	170	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	355	145	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Burundian	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,630	54,535	57,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	270	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	68,065	31,500	36,565	61.0	57.8	64.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,805	2,250	2,555	4.3	4.1	4.5
Anabaptist	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,375	1,500	1,875	3.0	2.8	3.3
Baptist	1,025	435	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catholic	47,550	22,255	25,290	42.6	40.8	44.3
Christian Orthodox	645	300	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	420	190	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,745	800	945	1.6	1.5	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,430	575	855	1.3	1.1	1.5
Presbyterian	690	320	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reformed	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	4,170	1,835	2,335	3.7	3.4	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,945	930	1,015	1.7	1.7	1.8
Hindu	1,315	835	475	1.2	1.5	0.8
Jewish	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	1,480	805	675	1.3	1.5	1.2
Sikh	530	310	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	300	105	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	705	310	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	38,790	20,465	18,325	34.7	37.5	32.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,685	54,050	56,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,685	47,830	49,855	88.3	88.5	88.0
Movers	13,000	6,220	6,785	11.7	11.5	12.0
Non-migrants	9,360	4,420	4,935	8.5	8.2	8.7
Migrants	3,645	1,795	1,845	3.3	3.3	3.3
Internal migrants	3,105	1,505	1,605	2.8	2.8	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,625	1,270	1,355	2.4	2.3	2.4
Interprovincial migrants	480	235	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	540	295	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,615	52,030	54,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,720	31,470	33,250	60.7	60.5	60.9
Movers	41,895	20,555	21,335	39.3	39.5	39.1
Non-migrants	26,770	12,935	13,835	25.1	24.9	25.3
Migrants	15,120	7,620	7,500	14.2	14.6	13.7
Internal migrants	10,825	5,260	5,560	10.2	10.1	10.2
Intraprovincial migrants	9,020	4,275	4,745	8.5	8.2	8.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,805	990	810	1.7	1.9	1.5
External migrants	4,300	2,360	1,940	4.0	4.5	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,625	45,810	48,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,870	9,185	8,680	18.9	20.1	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,755	36,620	40,135	81.1	79.9	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,875	28,930	29,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,195	3,520	2,670	10.5	12.2	8.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,685	25,410	27,275	89.5	87.8	91.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,620	45,805	48,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,890	8,015	7,875	16.8	17.5	16.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,105	12,300	12,810	26.5	26.9	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,625	25,490	28,135	56.7	55.6	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,465	16,175	16,295	34.3	35.3	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,710	4,225	1,485	6.0	9.2	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,845	1,840	1,005	3.0	4.0	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,870	2,380	480	3.0	5.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,380	11,395	13,985	26.8	24.9	28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	550	820	1.4	1.2	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,155	9,315	11,835	22.4	20.3	24.2
Bachelor's degree	14,625	6,305	8,315	15.5	13.8	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,380	545	835	1.5	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	590	340	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,750	1,615	2,135	4.0	3.5	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	815	510	305	0.9	1.1	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,875	28,930	29,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,240	3,010	2,230	8.9	10.4	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,935	7,475	6,465	23.7	25.8	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,700	18,450	21,250	67.4	63.8	71.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,695	11,635	12,060	40.2	40.2	40.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,505	2,550	955	6.0	8.8	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,820	1,190	630	3.1	4.1	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,685	1,360	330	2.9	4.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,360	8,745	10,610	32.9	30.2	35.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	830	345	490	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,010	6,815	9,195	27.2	23.6	30.7
Bachelor's degree	10,790	4,590	6,205	18.3	15.9	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	385	670	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	230	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	3,105	1,250	1,860	5.3	4.3	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	600	360	235	1.0	1.2	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,000	20,315	20,685	43.3	44.4	42.4
Education	2,925	670	2,255	3.1	1.5	4.6
13. Education	2,925	670	2,255	3.1	1.5	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,280	650	630	1.4	1.4	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	155	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	490	575	1.1	1.1	1.2
Humanities	2,275	845	1,435	2.4	1.8	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	30	205	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	410	130	280	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	600	185	415	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	405	260	140	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	30	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,695	2,215	4,475	7.1	4.8	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	20	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	740	265	470	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,515	165	1,355	1.6	0.4	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,195	510	685	1.3	1.1	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	45	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,140	305	830	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,800	905	890	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	9,675	3,390	6,280	10.2	7.4	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,695	310	1,385	1.8	0.7	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,975	3,080	4,890	8.4	6.7	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,575	1,405	1,175	2.7	3.1	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	975	410	565	1.0	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,090	780	310	1.2	1.7	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,605	1,005	605	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,195	815	375	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	160	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,720	11,560	1,160	13.4	25.2	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	260	175	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,200	1,765	430	2.3	3.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,875	3,460	415	4.1	7.6	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,040	1,985	55	2.2	4.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,040	2,945	100	3.2	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,300	1,235	65	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860	445	420	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	360	140	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	300	200	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	9,820	1,760	8,060	10.4	3.8	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	835	335	510	0.9	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,755	1,315	7,440	9.3	2.9	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,165	1,545	1,625	3.3	3.4	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,570	365	1,210	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,000	625	370	1.1	1.4	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	545	45	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,880	28,930	29,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,175	10,480	8,695	32.6	36.2	29.0
Education	1,905	415	1,485	3.2	1.4	5.0
13. Education	1,905	415	1,485	3.2	1.4	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	945	490	455	1.6	1.7	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	120	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	800	375	430	1.4	1.3	1.4
Humanities	1,455	540	915	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	10	140	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	245	85	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	115	295	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	295	170	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,240	1,645	3,595	8.9	5.7	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	655	235	430	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,230	115	1,110	2.1	0.4	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	955	395	560	1.6	1.4	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	830	220	615	1.4	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,320	635	685	2.2	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,310	2,480	4,830	12.4	8.6	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,405	245	1,155	2.4	0.8	3.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,900	2,235	3,670	10.0	7.7	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,905	985	920	3.2	3.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	750	300	450	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	785	540	245	1.3	1.9	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,195	800	395	2.0	2.8	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	945	680	270	1.6	2.4	0.9
25. Library science	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,135	8,170	960	15.5	28.2	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	190	110	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,720	1,330	390	2.9	4.6	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,880	2,560	315	4.9	8.8	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,325	1,280	45	2.3	4.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,130	2,045	85	3.6	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	895	845	50	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	330	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	285	115	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	220	160	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	7,385	1,355	6,030	12.5	4.7	20.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	605	265	345	1.0	0.9	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,575	1,010	5,570	11.2	3.5	18.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,535	1,235	1,310	4.3	4.3	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,265	305	960	2.1	1.1	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	510	310	1.4	1.8	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	455	415	40	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,880	28,930	29,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,175	10,480	8,695	32.6	36.2	29.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,700	18,450	21,250	67.4	63.8	71.0
Location of study inside Canada	36,540	16,905	19,630	62.1	58.4	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	34,930	16,115	18,810	59.3	55.7	62.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,610	790	820	2.7	2.7	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,160	1,540	1,625	5.4	5.3	5.4
Americas	840	390	455	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	515	260	260	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mexico	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	145	45	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Europe	475	265	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	220	130	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	595	295	305	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	235	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	1,110	530	585	1.9	1.8	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	120	25	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	625	330	295	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pakistan	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	95	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,620	45,805	48,820	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,510	29,655	27,860	...	...	...
Employed	51,145	26,545	24,605	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,365	3,115	3,250	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	37,110	16,150	20,960	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.8	64.7	57.1	60.8	64.7	57.1
Employment rate	54.1	58.0	50.4	54.1	58.0	50.4
Unemployment rate	11.1	10.5	11.7	11.1	10.5	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,620	45,805	48,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,725	16,570	21,160	39.9	36.2	43.3
Worked	56,890	29,240	27,655	60.1	63.8	56.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,360	17,190	14,170	33.1	37.5	29.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,535	12,045	13,490	27.0	26.3	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	41.0	41.7	42.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,515	29,650	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	775	650	2.5	2.6	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,085	28,880	27,205	97.5	97.4	97.7
Employee	50,750	25,675	25,080	88.2	86.6	90.0
Permanent position	42,130	21,630	20,500	73.3	73.0	73.6
Temporary position	8,620	4,040	4,575	15.0	13.6	16.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,575	1,140	1,435	4.5	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,040	2,900	3,140	10.5	9.8	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,335	3,210	2,130	9.3	10.8	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,515	29,650	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	775	650	2.5	2.6	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,085	28,880	27,205	97.5	97.4	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	545	335	210	0.9	1.1	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,970	3,270	6,700	17.3	11.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,315	3,325	995	7.5	11.2	3.6
3 Health occupations	5,800	1,150	4,650	10.1	3.9	16.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,150	2,050	5,100	12.4	6.9	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,155	495	660	2.0	1.7	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	14,620	6,885	7,735	25.4	23.2	27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,395	8,665	730	16.3	29.2	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,035	1,795	240	3.5	6.1	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,095	915	180	1.9	3.1	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,515	29,650	27,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,425	775	650	2.5	2.6	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	56,085	28,880	27,205	97.5	97.4	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200	135	70	0.3	0.5	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,845	3,285	555	6.7	11.1	2.0
22 Utilities	340	260	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	4,295	3,730	570	7.5	12.6	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,250	1,865	390	3.9	6.3	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,595	1,255	340	2.8	4.2	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,140	3,655	3,490	12.4	12.3	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,140	1,730	410	3.7	5.8	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	780	430	355	1.4	1.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,475	635	840	2.6	2.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	870	490	375	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,375	1,995	1,380	5.9	6.7	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,420	1,420	1,005	4.2	4.8	3.6
61 Educational services	4,755	1,420	3,335	8.3	4.8	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	9,305	1,720	7,590	16.2	5.8	27.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	785	360	420	1.4	1.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	3,305	1,405	1,900	5.7	4.7	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,080	1,065	1,020	3.6	3.6	3.7
91 Public administration	5,025	1,980	3,045	8.7	6.7	10.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,255	31,360	29,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,140	28,050	24,090	85.1	89.4	80.6
French	1,330	345	990	2.2	1.1	3.3
Non-official language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	7,190	2,670	4,515	11.7	8.5	15.1
English and non-official language(s)	425	220	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,255	31,360	29,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,305	31,050	29,245	98.4	99.0	97.8
Official languages	60,200	31,005	29,200	98.3	98.9	97.7
English	58,115	30,440	27,675	94.9	97.1	92.6
French	2,090	565	1,525	3.4	1.8	5.1
Non-official languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	955	305	645	1.6	1.0	2.2
English and French	890	285	605	1.5	0.9	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,255	31,360	29,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,480	28,735	25,745	88.9	91.6	86.1
English	780	235	555	1.3	0.7	1.9
French	5,555	2,165	3,390	9.1	6.9	11.3
Non-official language	340	185	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	290	175	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,145	26,540	24,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,400	4,240	6,160	20.3	16.0	25.0
Worked outside Canada	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,125	4,635	1,485	12.0	17.5	6.0
Usual place of work	34,570	17,625	16,950	67.6	66.4	68.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,570	17,620	16,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,485	16,940	16,540	96.9	96.1	97.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	980	600	375	2.8	3.4	2.2
Commute to a different province or territory	100	80	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,695	22,260	18,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,780	19,910	15,875	87.9	89.4	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,865	18,630	14,230	80.8	83.7	77.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,920	1,275	1,640	7.2	5.7	8.9
Public transit	2,190	965	1,225	5.4	4.3	6.6
Walked	1,710	815	890	4.2	3.7	4.8
Bicycle	200	160	40	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	810	405	405	2.0	1.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,695	22,260	18,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,210	8,665	8,550	42.3	38.9	46.4
15 to 29 minutes	16,635	8,935	7,700	40.9	40.1	41.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,100	2,720	1,380	10.1	12.2	7.5
45 to 59 minutes	1,320	970	355	3.2	4.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,430	970	460	3.5	4.4	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,695	22,260	18,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,965	2,405	560	7.3	10.8	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,315	4,725	2,595	18.0	21.2	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,550	5,950	5,600	28.4	26.7	30.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,195	3,535	4,660	20.1	15.9	25.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,860	1,810	2,050	9.5	8.1	11.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,810	3,840	2,970	16.7	17.3	16.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,840	10,675	10,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,875	3,955	3,915	37.8	37.0	38.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,970	6,720	6,245	62.2	63.0	61.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,355	7,890	7,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,860	2,945	2,915	38.2	37.3	39.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,820	1,880	1,935	24.9	23.8	25.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,040	1,065	980	13.3	13.5	13.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,495	4,945	4,550	61.8	62.7	61.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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