Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sudbury East--Manitoulin--Nickel BeltMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,835	49,995	49,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,455	7,955	7,500	15.5	15.9	15.0
0 to 4 years	4,410	2,280	2,130	4.4	4.6	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,375	2,785	2,590	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	5,670	2,890	2,780	5.7	5.8	5.6
15 to 64 years	61,910	31,030	30,880	62.0	62.1	62.0
15 to 19 years	5,175	2,725	2,450	5.2	5.5	4.9
20 to 24 years	4,590	2,430	2,155	4.6	4.9	4.3
25 to 29 years	4,885	2,525	2,360	4.9	5.1	4.7
30 to 34 years	5,375	2,660	2,710	5.4	5.3	5.4
35 to 39 years	5,625	2,725	2,900	5.6	5.5	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,730	2,800	2,930	5.7	5.6	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,300	3,210	3,090	6.3	6.4	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,695	3,350	3,350	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,675	4,210	4,465	8.7	8.4	9.0
60 to 64 years	8,860	4,390	4,465	8.9	8.8	9.0
65 years and over	22,460	11,010	11,455	22.5	22.0	23.0
65 to 69 years	7,450	3,710	3,740	7.5	7.4	7.5
70 to 74 years	6,195	3,170	3,020	6.2	6.3	6.1
75 to 79 years	4,225	2,130	2,095	4.2	4.3	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,555	1,190	1,365	2.6	2.4	2.7
85 years and over	2,040	805	1,235	2.0	1.6	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,370	590	780	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	525	180	345	0.5	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	125	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	15.9	15.0	15.5	15.9	15.0
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.1	62.0	62.0	62.1	62.0
65 years and over	22.5	22.0	23.0	22.5	22.0	23.0
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	2.5
Average age of the population	44.6	44.0	45.2	44.6	44.0	45.2
Median age of the population	47.6	46.8	48.4	47.6	46.8	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,325	...	...	81.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,275	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	1,040	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,420	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,355	...	...	8.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	470	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,960	...	...	26.1	...	...
2 persons	17,065	...	...	40.6	...	...
3 persons	6,170	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	5,195	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,620	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,715	49,460	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	84,375	42,035	42,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,535	26,255	26,280	62.3	62.5	62.1
Married	40,855	20,430	20,430	48.4	48.6	48.3
Living common-law	11,675	5,825	5,850	13.8	13.9	13.8
Living common law - Never married	7,730	3,890	3,840	9.2	9.3	9.1
Living common law - Separated	895	440	455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Living common law - Divorced	2,590	1,315	1,275	3.1	3.1	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	460	180	280	0.5	0.4	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	31,840	15,785	16,055	37.7	37.6	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,870	10,770	8,100	22.4	25.6	19.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,760	1,320	1,435	3.3	3.1	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,500	2,260	2,240	5.3	5.4	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,710	1,430	4,275	6.8	3.4	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,030	...	...	58.8	...	...
3 persons	5,955	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	4,770	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,900	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,870	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	20,030	...	...	65.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,135	...	...	26.5	...	...
Without children	11,895	...	...	38.8	...	...
Common-law couples	5,835	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,650	...	...	8.6	...	...
Without children	3,185	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,790	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,465	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,325	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	98,715	49,460	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,170	41,660	41,510	84.3	84.2	84.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,740	25,830	25,910	52.4	52.2	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,795	1,320	3,465	4.9	2.7	7.0
Children⁶	26,645	14,515	12,135	27.0	29.3	24.6
In a two-parent family	19,310	10,405	8,905	19.6	21.0	18.1
In a one-parent family	7,330	4,110	3,225	7.4	8.3	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,535	7,795	7,745	15.7	15.8	15.7
Living alone	10,960	5,510	5,445	11.1	11.1	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,205	995	1,210	2.2	2.0	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,370	1,285	1,090	2.4	2.6	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,440	...	...	65.3	...	...
Couple-family households	23,775	...	...	56.6	...	...
With children⁶	9,925	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	13,855	...	...	33.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,665	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	995	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,140	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	10,955	...	...	26.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	83,270	41,510	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,675	40,195	40,485	96.9	96.8	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	36,000	42,400	50,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,705	40,210	40,495	96.9	96.9	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	32,800	38,800	44,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,955	35,850	34,105	84.0	86.4	81.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,200	29,000	36,400	45,200	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,480	30,020	25,460	66.6	72.3	61.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,600	33,600	38,800	45,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,980	35,785	37,195	87.6	86.2	89.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	9,700	11,300	10,600	9,700	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,985	4,340	4,635	10.8	10.5	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,760	6,000	6,280	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,160	7,920	9,235	20.6	19.1	22.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,810	40,310	40,500	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,300	60,100	42,560	51,300	60,100	42,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,845	40,330	40,515	97.0	96.9	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	50,040	37,360	43,680	50,040	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,065	35,970	34,095	84.0	86.5	81.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120	56,350	37,360	47,120	56,350	37,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,700	30,235	25,465	66.8	72.7	60.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	54,350	40,160	47,880	54,350	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,205	36,040	37,170	87.8	86.6	89.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,570	11,010	12,110	11,570	11,010	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,065	4,420	4,645	10.9	10.6	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,210	7,400	7,030	7,210	7,400	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,360	7,985	9,370	20.8	19.2	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,330	8,190	8,450	8,330	8,190	8,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,105	14,655	11,445	31.3	35.2	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	78,000	56,400	66,500	78,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,400	82,300	62,150	73,400	82,300	62,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,610	9,265	10,340	23.5	22.3	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	17,600	20,400	25,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	39,200	24,420	31,400	39,200	24,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.6	73.8	79.6	83.6	73.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.8	59.3	64.2	67.8	59.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.4	26.1	20.4	16.4	26.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.1	5.7	4.2	3.1	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.7	4.6	3.5	2.7	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	83,270	41,510	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,595	1,315	1,280	3.1	3.2	3.1
With total income	80,675	40,195	40,485	96.9	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,360	2,430	3,930	7.9	6.0	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,150	3,805	6,335	12.6	9.5	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	11,555	4,745	6,810	14.3	11.8	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	9,625	4,345	5,285	11.9	10.8	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,495	4,760	4,735	11.8	11.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,965	3,840	4,125	9.9	9.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,080	3,215	2,865	7.5	8.0	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,505	2,620	1,890	5.6	6.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	2,070	1,205	4.1	5.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	1,785	970	3.4	4.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	8,910	6,580	2,330	11.0	16.4	5.8
$100,000 to $149,999	7,060	5,065	1,990	8.8	12.6	4.9
$150,000 and over	1,850	1,515	335	2.3	3.8	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	83,270	41,510	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,565	1,300	1,265	3.1	3.1	3.0
With after-tax income	80,705	40,210	40,495	96.9	96.9	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,745	2,535	4,205	8.4	6.3	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,500	3,945	6,550	13.0	9.8	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,930	5,335	7,595	16.0	13.3	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,675	5,560	6,120	14.5	13.8	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,995	5,520	5,480	13.6	13.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,370	4,435	3,940	10.4	11.0	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,830	3,405	2,425	7.2	8.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,265	2,770	1,495	5.3	6.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,675	2,335	1,340	4.5	5.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,255	1,650	610	2.8	4.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	3,465	2,725	745	4.3	6.8	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,405	1,900	505	3.0	4.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,060	820	240	1.3	2.0	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	83,270	41,510	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,795	11,495	16,300	33.4	27.7	39.0
With employment income	55,480	30,020	25,460	66.6	72.3	61.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,560	5,845	3,725	17.2	19.5	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	3,655	1,520	2,130	6.6	5.1	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,935	2,550	3,385	10.7	8.5	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,505	1,985	2,520	8.1	6.6	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,620	1,970	2,645	8.3	6.6	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,570	1,955	2,615	8.2	6.5	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,370	1,995	2,375	7.9	6.6	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	1,880	1,635	6.3	6.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	1,675	1,130	5.1	5.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,320	1,530	790	4.2	5.1	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	1,485	770	4.1	4.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	7,370	5,630	1,740	13.3	18.8	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,215	2,950	1,265	7.6	9.8	5.0
$125,000 and over	3,160	2,690	470	5.7	8.9	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	83,270	41,510	41,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,650	39,675	39,970	95.7	95.6	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,600	33,200	41,200	49,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,715	39,680	40,035	95.7	95.6	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	30,800	37,200	44,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,695	35,685	34,010	83.7	86.0	81.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,800	30,400	38,000	46,800	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,330	30,295	26,040	67.6	73.0	62.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,000	34,000	39,600	48,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,060	34,420	35,640	84.1	82.9	85.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,200	8,100	7,250	5,200	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,505	4,035	4,465	10.2	9.7	10.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,600	5,640	6,080	6,600	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,845	39,815	40,025	95.8	95.7	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,960	59,700	40,280	49,960	59,700	40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,890	39,815	40,080	95.8	95.7	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	49,360	35,240	42,280	49,360	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,870	35,765	34,115	83.8	86.0	81.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,100	37,400	48,000	58,100	37,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,670	30,545	26,125	68.0	73.4	62.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	55,750	39,680	48,320	55,750	39,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,130	34,485	35,645	84.1	82.9	85.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,080	8,690	9,460	9,080	8,690	9,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,390	3,930	4,455	10.1	9.4	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,540	7,770	7,340	7,540	7,770	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,095	14,635	11,465	31.3	35.2	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	75,500	52,400	63,600	75,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200	79,700	58,100	70,200	79,700	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,690	8,825	9,870	22.4	21.2	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	33,200	22,600	26,800	33,200	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,160	47,000	28,400	37,160	47,000	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.4	79.0	84.0	87.4	79.0
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.6	64.2	68.6	71.6	64.2
Government transfers (%)	16.0	12.6	20.9	16.0	12.6	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,440	...	...	48,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,640	...	...	41,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,300	...	...	116,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	475	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,660	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,290	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,470	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,665	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,655	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,400	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,900	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,270	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,970	...	...	40.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,025	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,875	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,630	...	...	11.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,440	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,645	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,470	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,735	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,990	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,825	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,245	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,635	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,415	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,330	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,470	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,615	...	...	11.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,335	6,800	6,535	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	43,200	33,600	38,400	43,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,800	31,800	35,200	38,800	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,225	6,805	6,420	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,880	51,450	42,040	46,880	51,450	42,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,480	43,480	37,280	40,480	43,480	37,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	98,715	49,460	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,695	9,650	9,050	18.9	19.5	18.4
0 to 5 years	5,455	2,790	2,660	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	58,245	29,080	29,165	59.0	58.8	59.2
65 years and over	21,765	10,730	11,040	22.0	21.7	22.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,165	4,670	5,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,215	1,105	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	715	365	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,235	2,495	2,735	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,715	1,065	1,650	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.4	11.2	10.3	9.4	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.4	12.3	11.9	11.4	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	13.1	13.2	13.1	13.1	13.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	8.6	9.4	9.0	8.6	9.4
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.0	14.9	12.5	10.0	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,220	46,745	46,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,190	8,880	8,315	18.4	19.0	17.9
0 to 5 years	5,030	2,560	2,470	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	54,970	27,460	27,510	59.0	58.7	59.2
65 years and over	21,055	10,410	10,650	22.6	22.3	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,030	1,020	1,005	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	345	165	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	60	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,505	790	715	...	...	...
65 years and over	175	75	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
65 years and over (%)	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	98,710	49,455	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,505	22,520	23,985	47.1	45.5	48.7
In bottom decile	8,675	4,080	4,595	8.8	8.2	9.3
In second decile	9,330	4,330	5,000	9.5	8.8	10.2
In third decile	9,520	4,660	4,860	9.6	9.4	9.9
In fourth decile	9,275	4,590	4,685	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fifth decile	9,705	4,865	4,845	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	52,210	26,940	25,270	52.9	54.5	51.3
In sixth decile	10,155	5,155	5,005	10.3	10.4	10.2
In seventh decile	10,870	5,545	5,320	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	11,180	5,810	5,370	11.3	11.7	10.9
In ninth decile	11,590	6,060	5,530	11.7	12.3	11.2
In top decile	8,415	4,370	4,040	8.5	8.8	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	98,710	...	...	98,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	56,215	28,925	27,290	56.7	58.2	55.2
French only	1,260	575	685	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	41,520	20,150	21,365	41.9	40.5	43.2
Neither English nor French	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,765	34,265	33,505	68.4	69.0	67.8
French	30,610	15,085	15,530	30.9	30.4	31.4
English and French	630	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,385	47,920	47,470	96.3	96.4	96.1
Official languages	92,295	46,440	45,855	93.1	93.5	92.8
English	61,590	31,250	30,335	62.1	62.9	61.4
French	30,710	15,190	15,520	31.0	30.6	31.4
Non-official languages	3,090	1,480	1,615	3.1	3.0	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	920	425	495	0.9	0.9	1.0
Algonquian languages	915	415	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	895	410	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	895	405	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	765	355	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,165	1,055	1,115	2.2	2.1	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	5	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,550	770	775	1.6	1.5	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	380	165	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	150	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	635	320	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	75	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,715	1,780	1,940	3.7	3.6	3.9
English and French	3,190	1,550	1,645	3.2	3.1	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	460	210	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,825	35,710	34,115	70.5	71.9	69.1
French	14,620	7,080	7,535	14.8	14.2	15.3
Non-official language	545	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	11,810	5,575	6,240	11.9	11.2	12.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,080	960	1,120	2.1	1.9	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,330	48,385	47,950	97.2	97.4	97.1
Official languages	95,315	47,890	47,420	96.2	96.4	96.0
English	76,965	39,095	37,870	77.7	78.7	76.7
French	18,350	8,795	9,550	18.5	17.7	19.3
Non-official languages	1,020	490	525	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	425	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	420	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	355	160	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	590	295	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	420	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,775	1,310	1,460	2.8	2.6	3.0
English and French	2,490	1,190	1,300	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	260	115	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	99,100	49,695	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,715	44,355	43,355	88.5	89.3	87.8
English	4,060	1,870	2,190	4.1	3.8	4.4
French	5,665	2,705	2,960	5.7	5.4	6.0
Non-official language	1,450	670	780	1.5	1.3	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	710	305	405	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-Indigenous	735	360	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	98,905	49,570	49,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,830	49,545	49,285	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	97,610	49,035	48,575	98.7	98.9	98.5
French	42,780	20,625	22,155	43.3	41.6	44.9
Non-official languages	5,740	2,730	3,010	5.8	5.5	6.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,380	1,040	1,340	2.4	2.1	2.7
Algonquian languages	2,315	1,015	1,295	2.3	2.0	2.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,285	1,005	1,280	2.3	2.0	2.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	2,275	995	1,280	2.3	2.0	2.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	245	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,980	870	1,110	2.0	1.8	2.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,395	1,705	1,695	3.4	3.4	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,365	1,205	1,155	2.4	2.4	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	730	370	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	490	255	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	480	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	210	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	570	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	635	310	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	385	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,900	49,570	49,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	18,245	9,025	9,220	18.4	18.2	18.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	17,795	8,785	9,010	18.0	17.7	18.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,120	4,915	5,210	10.2	9.9	10.6
Métis	7,605	3,835	3,770	7.7	7.7	7.6
Inuk (Inuit)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	250	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	80,660	40,545	40,110	81.6	81.8	81.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,900	49,570	49,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,910	4,345	4,565	9.0	8.8	9.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,990	45,220	44,770	91.0	91.2	90.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,675	...	...	77.7	...	...
Renter	8,335	...	...	19.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,030	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
Not condominium	41,500	...	...	98.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,280	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,200	...	...	24.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,200	...	...	40.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,265	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,500	...	...	20.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,940	...	...	16.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,730	...	...	18.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,390	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,480	...	...	29.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,800	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,010	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,030	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,355	...	...	24.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,060	...	...	35.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,770	...	...	11.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,930	...	...	11.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,590	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,215	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,750	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,370	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,405	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,635	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,120	...	...	50.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,855	...	...	47.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,065	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	795	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,350	...	...	10.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,170	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,115	...	...	16.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,860	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,145	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,305	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,300	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,865	...	...	85.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,535	...	...	14.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,155	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,040	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,310	...	...	22.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,850	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	790	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,790	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	645	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,725	...	...	77.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,905	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not in core need	36,120	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,350	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.4	...	...	56.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,199	...	...	1,199	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	338,000	...	...	338,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,160	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	968	...	...	968	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	468	...	...	468	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	473	...	...	473	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	98,905	49,570	49,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	9,980	4,895	5,080	10.1	9.9	10.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	9,705	4,775	4,930	9.8	9.6	10.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,300	3,515	3,785	7.4	7.1	7.7
Métis single ancestry	2,370	1,240	1,135	2.4	2.5	2.3
Inuit single ancestry	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	275	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,665	5,330	5,340	10.8	10.8	10.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,345	5,195	5,150	10.5	10.5	10.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,210	3,055	3,155	6.3	6.2	6.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,090	2,130	1,960	4.1	4.3	4.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	320	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	135	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,260	39,345	38,910	79.1	79.4	78.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	98,900	49,570	49,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,155	49,270	48,885	99.2	99.4	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,685	9,600	9,085	18.9	19.4	18.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,470	39,670	39,805	80.4	80.0	80.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	745	295	445	0.8	0.6	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	98,900	49,570	49,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,795	48,085	47,710	96.9	97.0	96.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,955	1,400	1,555	3.0	2.8	3.2
Before 1980	1,490	730	760	1.5	1.5	1.5
1980 to 1990	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	285	110	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
2001 to 2010	375	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	390	185	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2015	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,955	1,400	1,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	460	235	225	15.6	16.8	14.5
5 to 14 years	645	310	340	21.8	22.1	21.9
15 to 24 years	735	370	360	24.9	26.4	23.2
25 to 44 years	945	410	530	32.0	29.3	34.1
45 years and over	165	70	100	5.6	5.0	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,955	1,400	1,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	610	210	405	20.6	15.0	26.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.6
Haiti	35	15	20	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaica	40	25	10	1.4	1.8	0.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	10	1.2	1.8	0.6
United States of America	400	105	290	13.5	7.5	18.6
Other places of birth in Americas	60	15	45	2.0	1.1	2.9
Europe	1,680	890	790	56.9	63.6	50.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	25	0	0.8	1.8	0.0
France	40	25	15	1.4	1.8	1.0
Germany	230	95	140	7.8	6.8	9.0
Greece	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	35	25	15	1.2	1.8	1.0
Italy	85	55	30	2.9	3.9	1.9
Netherlands	135	70	65	4.6	5.0	4.2
Poland	140	75	70	4.7	5.4	4.5
Portugal	45	30	15	1.5	2.1	1.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	310	285	20.0	22.1	18.3
Other places of birth in Europe	295	160	135	10.0	11.4	8.7
Africa	190	105	85	6.4	7.5	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30	1.7	1.4	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	40	3.0	3.2	2.6
Asia	425	175	250	14.4	12.5	16.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	15	25	1.7	1.1	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	70	10	60	2.4	0.7	3.9
Viet Nam	60	30	30	2.0	2.1	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	55	3.9	4.3	3.5
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	2.2	1.4	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	25	25	1.7	1.8	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	185	70	110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	20	35	29.7	28.6	31.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	15	30	21.6	21.4	27.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	20	0	15	10.8	0.0	13.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	5.4	0.0	9.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	5.4	0.0	0.0
Africa	50	25	25	27.0	35.7	22.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15	13.5	14.3	13.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	5.4	0.0	0.0
Asia	60	25	35	32.4	35.7	31.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	20	10	16.2	28.6	9.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	5.4	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	5.4	0.0	9.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	98,900	49,570	49,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,415	1,635	1,780	3.5	3.3	3.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,310	3,200	3,110	6.4	6.5	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	89,180	44,740	44,440	90.2	90.3	90.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,460	675	790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	635	350	285	43.5	51.9	36.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	225	55	19.2	33.3	7.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	355	125	225	24.3	18.5	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	605	200	410	41.4	29.6	51.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	205	120	90	14.0	17.8	11.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,460	675	790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	25	40	4.1	3.7	5.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	210	110	95	14.4	16.3	12.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	15	0	1.4	2.2	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	45	20	4.5	6.7	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	15	30	3.1	2.2	3.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,060	465	595	72.6	68.9	75.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	98,900	49,570	49,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,565	800	765	1.6	1.6	1.6
South Asian	280	175	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Chinese	145	75	75	0.1	0.2	0.2
Black	515	270	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japanese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,335	48,770	48,565	98.4	98.4	98.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	98,900	49,570	49,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,850	9,485	9,360	19.1	19.1	19.0
English	16,100	7,985	8,115	16.3	16.1	16.4
Irish	16,475	8,110	8,365	16.7	16.4	17.0
Scottish	14,535	6,955	7,580	14.7	14.0	15.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,735	13,935	13,790	28.0	28.1	28.0
German	6,860	3,375	3,490	6.9	6.8	7.1
Chinese	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	3,455	1,750	1,700	3.5	3.5	3.4
Indian (India)	320	175	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukrainian	2,865	1,490	1,370	2.9	3.0	2.8
Dutch	2,195	1,095	1,100	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	1,975	990	985	2.0	2.0	2.0
Québécois	930	425	505	0.9	0.9	1.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,945	925	1,020	2.0	1.9	2.1
Filipino	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	7,785	3,745	4,040	7.9	7.6	8.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,320	2,185	2,135	4.4	4.4	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,100	2,405	2,690	5.2	4.9	5.5
Métis	7,030	3,615	3,415	7.1	7.3	6.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,525	790	730	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	395	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	540	265	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	1,035	490	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	345	195	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
American	715	345	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	285	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swedish	675	355	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungarian	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	480	245	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	445	195	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,015	1,015	1,000	2.0	2.0	2.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	375	215	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	2,735	1,345	1,395	2.8	2.7	2.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	3,785	1,820	1,965	3.8	3.7	4.0
Newfoundlander	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,475	735	740	1.5	1.5	1.5
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,010	490	520	1.0	1.0	1.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	270	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	1,315	590	720	1.3	1.2	1.5
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	680	355	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	98,900	49,570	49,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	66,660	32,350	34,310	67.4	65.3	69.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,760	1,810	1,945	3.8	3.7	3.9
Anabaptist	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	3,000	1,445	1,555	3.0	2.9	3.2
Baptist	850	425	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catholic	49,360	24,090	25,270	49.9	48.6	51.2
Christian Orthodox	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	585	275	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	250	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	655	335	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	410	460	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	435	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	4,410	1,975	2,430	4.5	4.0	4.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,815	925	890	1.8	1.9	1.8
Hindu	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,140	500	640	1.2	1.0	1.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	480	180	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	30,255	16,335	13,910	30.6	33.0	28.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	98,010	49,115	48,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,310	44,740	44,570	91.1	91.1	91.2
Movers	8,700	4,375	4,320	8.9	8.9	8.8
Non-migrants	5,030	2,465	2,560	5.1	5.0	5.2
Migrants	3,670	1,910	1,760	3.7	3.9	3.6
Internal migrants	3,595	1,875	1,710	3.7	3.8	3.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,370	1,760	1,615	3.4	3.6	3.3
Interprovincial migrants	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,445	47,355	47,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,180	33,085	32,100	69.0	69.9	68.2
Movers	29,265	14,275	14,990	31.0	30.1	31.8
Non-migrants	14,825	7,090	7,735	15.7	15.0	16.4
Migrants	14,440	7,185	7,255	15.3	15.2	15.4
Internal migrants	14,095	7,035	7,065	14.9	14.9	15.0
Intraprovincial migrants	13,270	6,600	6,665	14.1	13.9	14.2
Interprovincial migrants	830	430	395	0.9	0.9	0.8
External migrants	340	150	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,385	41,605	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,345	10,585	8,755	23.2	25.4	21.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,040	31,015	33,030	76.8	74.5	79.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,860	25,750	26,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,975	4,145	2,830	13.4	16.1	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,885	21,610	23,275	86.6	83.9	89.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,790	8,890	7,900	20.1	21.4	18.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,525	11,815	11,715	28.2	28.4	28.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,075	20,900	22,170	51.7	50.2	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,070	17,315	15,750	39.7	41.6	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,650	6,095	1,555	9.2	14.7	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,710	2,725	985	4.4	6.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,940	3,365	570	4.7	8.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,245	10,775	13,470	29.1	25.9	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,170	445	725	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,005	3,585	6,420	12.0	8.6	15.4
Bachelor's degree	7,660	2,660	5,005	9.2	6.4	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	675	225	445	0.8	0.5	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,315	530	785	1.6	1.3	1.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,860	25,745	26,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,665	3,300	2,360	10.9	12.8	9.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,015	7,355	6,655	27.0	28.6	25.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,185	15,090	17,090	62.1	58.6	65.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,550	12,590	11,960	47.3	48.9	45.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,875	3,905	970	9.4	15.2	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,360	1,745	615	4.6	6.8	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,515	2,160	355	4.8	8.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,980	8,405	10,575	36.6	32.6	40.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	690	275	415	1.3	1.1	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,630	2,500	5,135	14.7	9.7	19.7
Bachelor's degree	5,865	1,880	3,980	11.3	7.3	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	505	145	355	1.0	0.6	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,020	380	640	2.0	1.5	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,315	20,700	19,610	48.3	49.8	46.9
Education	2,715	565	2,150	3.3	1.4	5.1
13. Education	2,715	565	2,150	3.3	1.4	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	650	335	315	0.8	0.8	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	85	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	545	255	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
Humanities	1,220	455	770	1.5	1.1	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	220	65	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	300	95	205	0.4	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	215	100	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,075	885	3,185	4.9	2.1	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	115	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,370	90	1,280	1.6	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	720	200	525	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	670	105	570	0.8	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	755	330	425	0.9	0.8	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,865	1,725	5,140	8.2	4.1	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,440	170	1,265	1.7	0.4	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,420	1,550	3,870	6.5	3.7	9.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,130	535	595	1.4	1.3	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	455	155	305	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	405	260	140	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	545	305	1.0	1.3	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	690	490	200	0.8	1.2	0.5
25. Library science	80	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,840	12,090	755	15.4	29.1	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	695	585	110	0.8	1.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,645	3,300	345	4.4	7.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,345	2,250	100	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,205	4,090	115	5.0	9.8	0.3
48. Precision production	1,840	1,790	50	2.2	4.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,295	800	500	1.6	1.9	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	585	255	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	545	165	0.8	1.3	0.4
Health and related fields	7,860	1,070	6,790	9.4	2.6	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	560	235	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,255	815	6,440	8.7	2.0	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,570	1,900	1,665	4.3	4.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,485	305	1,180	1.8	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,170	755	415	1.4	1.8	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	900	825	70	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,860	25,750	26,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,675	10,655	9,015	37.9	41.4	34.5
Education	1,690	315	1,380	3.3	1.2	5.3
13. Education	1,690	315	1,380	3.3	1.2	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	210	250	0.9	0.8	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	385	160	225	0.7	0.6	0.9
Humanities	820	280	540	1.6	1.1	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	165	40	125	0.3	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	60	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	150	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,325	625	2,700	6.4	2.4	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	95	185	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,155	60	1,100	2.2	0.2	4.2
22. Legal professions and studies	655	170	480	1.3	0.7	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	510	65	445	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	535	205	325	1.0	0.8	1.2
Business, management and public administration	5,250	1,220	4,030	10.1	4.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,235	135	1,100	2.4	0.5	4.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,010	1,085	2,925	7.7	4.2	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	805	345	460	1.6	1.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	100	250	0.7	0.4	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	270	165	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	715	465	250	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	435	165	1.2	1.7	0.6
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,230	8,650	580	17.8	33.6	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	505	425	80	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,735	2,455	285	5.3	9.5	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,530	60	3.1	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,995	2,920	80	5.8	11.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,300	1,255	45	2.5	4.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,025	600	425	2.0	2.3	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	165	285	0.9	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	435	145	1.1	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	6,035	890	5,145	11.6	3.5	19.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	195	230	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,585	695	4,890	10.8	2.7	18.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,815	1,495	1,320	5.4	5.8	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,115	210	905	2.2	0.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	990	625	360	1.9	2.4	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	650	55	1.4	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,860	25,750	26,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,675	10,655	9,015	37.9	41.4	34.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,185	15,090	17,095	62.1	58.6	65.5
Location of study inside Canada	31,460	14,720	16,740	60.7	57.2	64.1
Same as province or territory of residence	30,340	14,205	16,130	58.5	55.2	61.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,120	515	605	2.2	2.0	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	720	370	355	1.4	1.4	1.4
Americas	305	145	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	275	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	175	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	140	60	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	83,385	41,600	41,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,970	24,630	22,340	...	...	...
Employed	42,500	22,305	20,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,470	2,325	2,145	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,415	16,975	19,440	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.3	59.2	53.5	56.3	59.2	53.5
Employment rate	51.0	53.6	48.3	51.0	53.6	48.3
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.4	9.6	9.5	9.4	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	83,385	41,600	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,870	16,685	19,190	43.0	40.1	45.9
Worked	47,515	24,920	22,600	57.0	59.9	54.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,840	15,085	11,755	32.2	36.3	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,675	9,835	10,845	24.8	23.6	26.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.6	41.6	42.1	42.6	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,970	24,625	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	980	540	440	2.1	2.2	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,990	24,085	21,895	97.9	97.8	98.0
Employee	41,420	21,325	20,095	88.2	86.6	89.9
Permanent position	34,885	18,175	16,705	74.3	73.8	74.8
Temporary position	6,535	3,140	3,395	13.9	12.8	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,915	840	1,075	4.1	3.4	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,620	2,300	2,320	9.8	9.3	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,570	2,765	1,800	9.7	11.2	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,970	24,625	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	980	540	440	2.1	2.2	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,990	24,085	21,895	97.9	97.8	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	190	150	0.7	0.8	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,150	1,655	5,495	15.2	6.7	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,375	1,840	530	5.1	7.5	2.4
3 Health occupations	4,195	500	3,695	8.9	2.0	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,950	1,550	4,395	12.7	6.3	19.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	550	245	310	1.2	1.0	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,995	4,030	5,960	21.3	16.4	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,530	9,685	845	22.4	39.3	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,410	3,085	325	7.3	12.5	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,500	1,310	185	3.2	5.3	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,970	24,625	22,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	980	540	440	2.1	2.2	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	45,990	24,085	21,895	97.9	97.8	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,050	765	285	2.2	3.1	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,705	4,275	430	10.0	17.4	1.9
22 Utilities	450	370	80	1.0	1.5	0.4
23 Construction	4,075	3,660	415	8.7	14.9	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,500	2,080	415	5.3	8.4	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,150	910	235	2.4	3.7	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,325	2,390	2,935	11.3	9.7	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,315	1,655	665	4.9	6.7	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	410	205	200	0.9	0.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	960	210	745	2.0	0.9	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	510	305	205	1.1	1.2	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,570	780	790	3.3	3.2	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,570	840	730	3.3	3.4	3.3
61 Educational services	3,625	940	2,685	7.7	3.8	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,870	900	5,970	14.6	3.7	26.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	445	210	235	0.9	0.9	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,255	830	1,420	4.8	3.4	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,885	1,065	820	4.0	4.3	3.7
91 Public administration	4,300	1,680	2,620	9.2	6.8	11.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,940	26,570	24,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,485	21,355	17,125	75.5	80.4	70.3
French	2,710	920	1,785	5.3	3.5	7.3
Non-official language	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	9,140	4,040	5,105	17.9	15.2	20.9
English and non-official language(s)	495	195	295	1.0	0.7	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,940	26,570	24,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,340	25,940	23,400	96.9	97.6	96.0
Official languages	49,155	25,845	23,310	96.5	97.3	95.7
English	44,780	24,245	20,530	87.9	91.2	84.2
French	4,380	1,605	2,780	8.6	6.0	11.4
Non-official languages	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,600	630	975	3.1	2.4	4.0
English and French	1,515	595	920	3.0	2.2	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,940	26,570	24,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,850	22,940	19,905	84.1	86.3	81.7
English	1,765	730	1,035	3.5	2.7	4.2
French	5,975	2,775	3,205	11.7	10.4	13.2
Non-official language	325	115	210	0.6	0.4	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	260	70	190	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-Indigenous	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,505	22,305	20,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,040	2,575	4,465	16.6	11.5	22.1
Worked outside Canada	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,385	4,935	1,445	15.0	22.1	7.2
Usual place of work	29,040	14,765	14,275	68.3	66.2	70.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,035	14,765	14,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,695	11,185	11,505	78.2	75.8	80.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,650	1,305	1,340	9.1	8.8	9.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,580	2,165	1,415	12.3	14.7	9.9
Commute to a different province or territory	115	100	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,420	19,700	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	32,655	18,325	14,330	92.2	93.0	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,640	17,370	13,265	86.5	88.2	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,015	950	1,060	5.7	4.8	6.7
Public transit	370	150	220	1.0	0.8	1.4
Walked	1,300	595	705	3.7	3.0	4.5
Bicycle	145	115	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	955	515	440	2.7	2.6	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,420	19,700	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,450	5,370	6,080	32.3	27.3	38.7
15 to 29 minutes	11,015	6,190	4,830	31.1	31.4	30.7
30 to 44 minutes	7,375	4,330	3,040	20.8	22.0	19.3
45 to 59 minutes	2,790	1,780	1,010	7.9	9.0	6.4
60 minutes and over	2,795	2,035	760	7.9	10.3	4.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,420	19,700	15,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,100	3,320	780	11.6	16.9	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,725	5,100	2,625	21.8	25.9	16.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,160	4,560	4,600	25.9	23.1	29.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,115	2,170	3,940	17.3	11.0	25.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,580	1,020	1,565	7.3	5.2	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,740	3,535	2,210	16.2	17.9	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,075	9,855	9,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,125	5,220	4,905	53.1	53.0	53.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,955	4,635	4,320	46.9	47.0	46.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,300	7,385	6,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,650	3,925	3,720	53.5	53.1	53.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,000	3,085	2,920	42.0	41.8	42.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,645	845	805	11.5	11.4	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,655	3,455	3,195	46.5	46.8	46.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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