Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sunshine Coast, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	32,170
Population, 2016¹	29,970
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.3
Total private dwellings²	17,982
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,935
Population density per square kilometre	8.5
Land area in square kilometres	3,767.43
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	32,170
0 to 14 years	3,810
0 to 4 years	1,110
5 to 9 years	1,300
10 to 14 years	1,400
15 to 64 years	17,660
15 to 19 years	1,135
20 to 24 years	1,005
25 to 29 years	1,040
30 to 34 years	1,510
35 to 39 years	1,730
40 to 44 years	1,765
45 to 49 years	1,685
50 to 54 years	2,000
55 to 59 years	2,585
60 to 64 years	3,205
65 years and over	10,695
65 to 69 years	3,415
70 to 74 years	2,995
75 to 79 years	2,110
80 to 84 years	1,130
85 years and over	1,050
85 to 89 years	665
90 to 94 years	295
95 to 99 years	80
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.8
15 to 64 years	54.9
65 years and over	33.2
85 years and over	3.3
Average age of the population	50.4
Median age of the population	56.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,935
Single-detached house	11,920
Semi-detached house	300
Row house	540
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	945
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	600
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,935
1 person	4,960
2 persons	6,350
3 persons	1,665
4 persons	1,315
5 or more persons	640
Number of persons in private households	31,510
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,360
Married or living common-law	17,415
Married	13,610
Living common-law	3,800
Living common law - Never married	2,440
Living common law - Separated	180
Living common law - Divorced	1,070
Living common law - Widowed	110
Not married and not living common-law	10,950
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,565
Not married and not living common law - Separated	860
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,570
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,950
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,635
2 persons	6,535
3 persons	1,540
4 persons	1,185
5 or more persons	380
Average size of census families	2.5
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,635
Total couple families	8,435
Married couples	6,535
With children⁶	2,155
Without children	4,375
Common-law couples	1,900
With children⁶	560
Without children	1,335
Total one-parent families	1,205
in which the parent is a woman+	910
in which the parent is a man+	295
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	31,510
Total - Persons in census families	24,420
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,870
Parents in one-parent families	1,205
Children⁶	6,350
In a two-parent family	4,655
In a one-parent family	1,690
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,090
Living alone	4,960
Living with other relatives⁷	600
Living with non-relatives only	1,525
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,935
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,525
Couple-family households	7,605
With children⁶	2,375
Without children	5,225
One-parent-family households	925
Multigenerational households⁸	280
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	485
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	575
One-person households	4,960
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,255
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,660
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,780
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,105
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,160
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,245
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,795
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,780
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,015
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,915
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,725
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,270
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,750
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,720
Without total income	490
With total income	27,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,030
$10,000 to $19,999	3,365
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760
$30,000 to $39,999	3,795
$40,000 to $49,999	3,100
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430
$80,000 to $89,999	995
$90,000 to $99,999	845
$100,000 and over	2,650
$100,000 to $149,999	1,800
$150,000 and over	850
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,720
Without after-tax income	470
With after-tax income	27,255
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,230
$10,000 to $19,999	3,480
$20,000 to $29,999	5,310
$30,000 to $39,999	4,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,475
$50,000 to $59,999	2,475
$60,000 to $69,999	1,780
$70,000 to $79,999	1,280
$80,000 to $89,999	875
$90,000 to $99,999	625
$100,000 and over	1,465
$100,000 to $124,999	790
$125,000 and over	680
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,720
Without employment income	10,940
With employment income	16,785
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,260
$5,000 to $9,999	1,475
$10,000 to $19,999	2,100
$20,000 to $29,999	1,500
$30,000 to $39,999	1,495
$40,000 to $49,999	1,285
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110
$60,000 to $69,999	955
$70,000 to $79,999	715
$80,000 to $89,999	590
$90,000 to $99,999	565
$100,000 and over	1,715
$100,000 to $124,999	815
$125,000 and over	900
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,710
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,770
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,545
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,165
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,565
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,375
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,770
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,825
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,610
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,180
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,515
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,275
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,725
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,175
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,490
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2
Employment income (%)	58.8
Government transfers (%)	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,935
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,960
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,975
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,935
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,965
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,920
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,970
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,935
Under $5,000	180
$5,000 to $9,999	90
$10,000 to $14,999	170
$15,000 to $19,999	375
$20,000 to $24,999	765
$25,000 to $29,999	645
$30,000 to $34,999	565
$35,000 to $39,999	610
$40,000 to $44,999	640
$45,000 to $49,999	615
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145
$70,000 to $79,999	1,020
$80,000 to $89,999	925
$90,000 to $99,999	845
$100,000 and over	5,115
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645
$125,000 to $149,999	1,115
$150,000 to $199,999	1,300
$200,000 and over	1,055
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,935
Under $5,000	215
$5,000 to $9,999	95
$10,000 to $14,999	185
$15,000 to $19,999	395
$20,000 to $24,999	815
$25,000 to $29,999	710
$30,000 to $34,999	640
$35,000 to $39,999	675
$40,000 to $44,999	740
$45,000 to $49,999	710
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440
$60,000 to $69,999	1,235
$70,000 to $79,999	1,140
$80,000 to $89,999	1,020
$90,000 to $99,999	865
$100,000 and over	4,060
$100,000 to $124,999	1,605
$125,000 to $149,999	1,025
$150,000 and over	1,430
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,545
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,405
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,735
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,125
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,490
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,525
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,100
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,375
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,750
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,900
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,105
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,515
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	31,510
0 to 17 years	4,515
0 to 5 years	1,345
18 to 64 years	16,635
65 years and over	10,365
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,975
0 to 17 years	620
0 to 5 years	175
18 to 64 years	1,985
65 years and over	1,375
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	13.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9
65 years and over (%)	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,765
0 to 17 years	4,370
0 to 5 years	1,315
18 to 64 years	16,205
65 years and over	10,190
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,140
0 to 17 years	160
0 to 5 years	45
18 to 64 years	780
65 years and over	200
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	31,510
In bottom half of the distribution	16,435
In bottom decile	3,700
In second decile	3,315
In third decile	3,115
In fourth decile	3,190
In fifth decile	3,110
In top half of the distribution	15,075
In sixth decile	3,215
In seventh decile	2,965
In eighth decile	2,885
In ninth decile	2,990
In top decile	3,020
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	31,510
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.334
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,860
English only	29,385
French only	5
English and French	2,355
Neither English nor French	115
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,860
English	31,195
French	480
English and French	75
Neither English nor French	110
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,860
Single responses	31,295
Official languages	28,275
English	27,765
French	515
Non-official languages	3,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	45
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	40
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	300
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,850
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	385
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	370
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	50
Macedonian	0
Polish	125
Russian	80
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	35
Bosnian	5
Croatian	25
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	925
Frisian	0
High German languages	570
German	530
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	40
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	170
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	130
Danish	75
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	30
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	45
Indo-Iranian languages	160
Indo-Aryan languages	120
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	30
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	35
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	335
Catalan	0
Italian	95
Portuguese	50
Romanian	15
Spanish	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	110
Korean	100
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305
Chinese languages	300
Hakka	0
Mandarin	180
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	10
Finnish	40
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	570
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	365
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	45
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,860
English	28,980
French	60
Non-official language	450
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	450
English and French	350
English and non-official language(s)	1,900
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,860
Single responses	31,480
Official languages	30,555
English	30,445
French	110
Non-official languages	930
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	930
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	135
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	345
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	85
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	35
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	100
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	40
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	25
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70
Indo-Aryan languages	60
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	5
Spanish	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	65
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	175
Chinese languages	170
Hakka	0
Mandarin	125
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	380
English and French	55
English and non-official language(s)	305
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,860
None	29,825
English	450
French	260
Non-official language	1,095
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	1,075
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	110
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	31,510
Official languages	31,415
English	31,415
French	2,345
Non-official languages	4,715
Indigenous languages³⁹	85
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	70
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	65
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15
Non-Indigenous languages	4,640
Afro-Asiatic languages	120
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	120
Amharic	0
Arabic	80
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	50
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	175
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	495
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,100
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	425
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	45
Macedonian	0
Polish	130
Russian	135
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	60
Bosnian	0
Croatian	50
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,280
Frisian	0
High German languages	775
German	755
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	365
Afrikaans	90
Dutch	270
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	185
Danish	95
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	50
Swedish	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	345
Indo-Aryan languages	295
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	15
Hindi	185
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	50
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	50
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145
Catalan	0
Italian	215
Portuguese	75
Romanian	20
Spanish	900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	210
Korean	105
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345
Chinese languages	330
Hakka	25
Mandarin	260
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	0
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	0
Finnish	50
Hungarian	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,510
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,270
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,175
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,365
Métis	795
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85
Non-Indigenous identity	29,240
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	31,510
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,595
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,935
Owner	11,905
Renter	2,955
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,935
Condominium	1,535
Not condominium	13,400
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,935
No bedrooms	105
1 bedroom	1,610
2 bedrooms	4,520
3 bedrooms	5,565
4 or more bedrooms	3,140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,935
1 to 4 rooms	4,010
5 rooms	2,740
6 rooms	2,375
7 rooms	1,885
8 or more rooms	3,925
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,935
One person or fewer per room	14,785
More than one person per room	150
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,935
Suitable	14,460
Not suitable	475
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,935
1960 or before	1,450
1961 to 1980	3,835
1981 to 1990	2,450
1991 to 2000	3,030
2001 to 2005	1,085
2006 to 2010	1,235
2011 to 2015	840
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,015
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,935
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,070
Major repairs needed	865
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,935
One-maintainer household	7,650
Two-maintainer household	6,710
Three-or-more-maintainer household	580
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,935
15 to 24 years	160
25 to 34 years	925
35 to 44 years	1,705
45 to 54 years	1,995
55 to 64 years	3,375
65 to 74 years	3,945
75 to 84 years	2,140
85 years and over	685
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,530
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,225
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,305
30% to less than 100%	2,945
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,935
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,230
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,930
Not suitable only	340
Major repairs needed only	560
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	265
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
Acceptable housing	10,710
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,175
In core need	1,475
Not in core need	12,700
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,665
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	47.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,288
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	870,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,905
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.7
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,382
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	428
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	31,510
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	590
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	500
Métis single ancestry	85
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,920
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,850
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	595
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	28,990
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	31,510
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,060
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,435
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,455
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	31,510
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	25,390
Immigrants⁸¹	5,850
Before 1980	2,810
1980 to 1990	705
1991 to 2000	620
2001 to 2010	795
2011 to 2021⁸²	920
2011 to 2015	460
2016 to 2021	460
Non-permanent residents⁸³	275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,845
Under 5 years	595
5 to 14 years	1,010
15 to 24 years	1,235
25 to 44 years	2,525
45 years and over	485
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,845
Americas	875
Brazil	15
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	30
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	695
Other places of birth in Americas	85
Europe	3,150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	30
France	90
Germany	360
Greece	15
Hungary	40
Italy	100
Netherlands	170
Poland	115
Portugal	35
Romania	15
Russian Federation	40
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,625
Other places of birth in Europe	485
Africa	260
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	25
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	140
Other places of birth in Africa	80
Asia	1,330
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	10
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	20
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	145
Hong Kong⁹¹	45
Korea, South⁹²	80
Taiwan	50
Philippines	435
Viet Nam	130
Bangladesh	0
India	145
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	225
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	235
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	460
Americas	75
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	100
France	10
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50
Other places of birth in Europe	20
Africa	40
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	210
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	80
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	40
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	25
Oceania and other⁹³	40
Australia	30
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	31,510
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,665
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,625
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,220
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,040
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,695
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	930
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,080
Refugees¹⁰⁸	260
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,040
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	760
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	185
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	31,510
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,865
South Asian	435
Chinese	455
Black	230
Filipino	635
Arab	50
Latin American	135
Southeast Asian	295
West Asian	35
Korean	125
Japanese	250
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85
Multiple visible minorities	145
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,640
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	31,510
Canadian	3,075
English	10,825
Irish	6,585
Scottish	8,100
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,820
German	4,325
Chinese	545
Italian	1,035
Indian (India)	265
Ukrainian	1,445
Dutch	1,490
Polish	1,215
Québécois	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,350
Filipino	600
French Canadian	300
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	475
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	925
Métis	765
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	780
Russian	905
Norwegian	1,340
Welsh	1,220
Portuguese	265
American	580
Spanish	385
Swedish	1,085
Hungarian	370
Acadian	65
Pakistani	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80
Jewish	425
Punjabi	115
Vietnamese	185
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35
Greek	175
Jamaican	45
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	155
Korean	130
Romanian	100
Lebanese	75
Iranian	25
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	55
Danish	585
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160
Sikh	0
Austrian	455
Belgian	170
Haitian	0
Hindu	30
Mexican	120
Mennonite	70
Swiss	210
Finnish	465
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	180
Japanese	325
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	335
Muslim	0
Egyptian	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30
Tamil	0
Icelandic	255
Colombian	0
Moroccan	20
Czech	235
Syrian	15
Guyanese	10
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15
Serbian	35
Ojibway	25
Newfoundlander	40
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	55
Persian	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	40
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	20
Armenian	0
Slovak	105
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80
Somali	0
Taiwanese	50
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30
Algonquin	35
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	95
South African	110
Australian	205
Palestinian	10
Chilean	45
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	30
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	20
Macedonian	15
Slovenian	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30
Bulgarian	30
Albertan	25
Ghanaian	10
Barbadian	15
African American	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45
Tunisian	30
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65
Cuban	10
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	50
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	50
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60
British Columbian	195
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	20
Estonian	30
Kurdish	0
Fijian	35
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40
Coptic	0
Thai	25
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	60
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	15
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	10
Kenyan	10
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	20
Zimbabwean	10
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	10
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	31,510
Buddhist	420
Christian	10,335
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,160
Anabaptist	40
Anglican	1,575
Baptist	415
Catholic	2,995
Christian Orthodox	155
Jehovah's Witness	290
Latter Day Saints	60
Lutheran	355
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	165
Presbyterian	215
Reformed	25
United Church	1,215
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	660
Hindu	65
Jewish	215
Muslim	115
Sikh	190
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	480
No religion and secular perspectives	19,630
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,340
Non-movers	27,170
Movers	4,165
Non-migrants	1,790
Migrants	2,375
Internal migrants	2,225
Intraprovincial migrants	1,920
Interprovincial migrants	305
External migrants	155
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,405
Non-movers	17,225
Movers	13,175
Non-migrants	2,840
Migrants	10,335
Internal migrants	9,610
Intraprovincial migrants	8,420
Interprovincial migrants	1,190
External migrants	725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,725
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,575
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,610
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,185
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,595
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,920
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,190
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,730
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,155
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,785
Bachelor's degree	4,220
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115
Master's degree	1,550
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,180
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,215
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,615
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	930
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,020
Bachelor's degree	2,575
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85
Master's degree	870
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,720
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,340
Education	1,475
13. Education	1,475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95
50. Visual and performing arts	730
Humanities	940
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70
23. English language and literature/letters	330
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	60
54. History	155
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,925
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265
22. Legal professions and studies	260
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	415
45. Social sciences	640
Business, management and public administration	2,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,490
Physical and life sciences and technologies	630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	280
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	210
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245
25. Library science	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,430
04. Architecture and related services	145
14. Engineering	485
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,015
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680
48. Precision production	365
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255
03. Natural resources and conservation	295
Health and related fields	2,405
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,155
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	85
49. Transportation and materials moving	295
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,615
Education	695
13. Education	695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50
50. Visual and performing arts	455
Humanities	540
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	25
54. History	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175
22. Legal professions and studies	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	230
45. Social sciences	435
Business, management and public administration	1,625
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,515
Physical and life sciences and technologies	340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180
25. Library science	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,840
04. Architecture and related services	70
14. Engineering	245
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	590
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	355
48. Precision production	185
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190
03. Natural resources and conservation	160
Health and related fields	1,500
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,365
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	705
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	190
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,570
Location of study inside Canada	7,980
Same as province or territory of residence	6,130
Different than province or territory of residence	1,855
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,585
Americas	450
United States of America	390
Mexico	25
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	525
Belgium	10
France	30
Germany	30
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	20
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	30
Romania	10
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30
Africa	80
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	60
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	460
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	10
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	40
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	220
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	65
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25
Oceania	75
Australia	55
New Zealand	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,725
In the labour force	15,005
Employed	13,910
Unemployed	1,100
Not in the labour force	12,715
Participation rate	54.1
Employment rate	50.2
Unemployment rate	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,720
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,580
Worked	15,145
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,580
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,565
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,010
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,750
Employee	9,990
Permanent position	8,395
Temporary position	1,595
Fixed term (1 year or more)	405
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,190
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,755
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,010
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,750
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,980
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,000
3 Health occupations	1,190
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,650
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	925
6 Sales and service occupations	3,740
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,075
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	610
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	385
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,010
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260
All industries¹⁹¹	14,750
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175
22 Utilities	90
23 Construction	1,805
31-33 Manufacturing	735
41 Wholesale trade	260
44-45 Retail trade	1,715
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	695
51 Information and cultural industries	285
52 Finance and insurance	360
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	350
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,485
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	765
61 Educational services	935
62 Health care and social assistance	1,775
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	465
72 Accommodation and food services	1,120
81 Other services (except public administration)	650
91 Public administration	625
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,490
English	16,170
French	35
Non-official language	40
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	40
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	150
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,490
Single responses	16,455
Official languages	16,405
English	16,365
French	45
Non-official languages	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	25
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	35
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,490
None	16,280
English	20
French	60
Non-official language	105
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	95
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,910
Worked at home	3,250
Worked outside Canada	25
No fixed workplace address	2,785
Usual place of work	7,845
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,850
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,385
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,680
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750
Commute to a different province or territory	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,635
Car, truck or van	8,925
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	655
Public transit	395
Walked	805
Bicycle	115
Other method	390
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,635
Less than 15 minutes	4,760
15 to 29 minutes	3,235
30 to 44 minutes	1,565
45 to 59 minutes	360
60 minutes and over	710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,635
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	755
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,435
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,470
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,865
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,915
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,200
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,600
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,205
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	300
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,110

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released March 29, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 31, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table