Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove	VancouverMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,000,879	2,642,825
Population, 2016¹	4,648,055	2,463,431
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.6	7.3
Total private dwellings²	2,211,694	1,104,532
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,041,834	1,043,319
Population density per square kilometre	5.4	918.0
Land area in square kilometres	920,686.55	2,878.93
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,000,880	2,642,825
0 to 14 years	716,900	372,050
0 to 4 years	216,825	114,775
5 to 9 years	244,290	125,290
10 to 14 years	255,790	131,975
15 to 64 years	3,267,620	1,809,985
15 to 19 years	253,690	137,415
20 to 24 years	294,650	174,255
25 to 29 years	337,090	201,270
30 to 34 years	358,585	210,035
35 to 39 years	353,350	199,405
40 to 44 years	319,740	178,110
45 to 49 years	310,035	172,885
50 to 54 years	329,005	183,290
55 to 59 years	356,345	184,880
60 to 64 years	355,130	168,455
65 years and over	1,016,365	460,790
65 to 69 years	319,405	144,285
70 to 74 years	272,365	121,230
75 to 79 years	181,075	80,025
80 to 84 years	121,055	56,105
85 years and over	122,465	59,145
85 to 89 years	74,315	35,605
90 to 94 years	36,840	17,875
95 to 99 years	9,790	4,850
100 years and over	1,515	820
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.1
15 to 64 years	65.3	68.5
65 years and over	20.3	17.4
85 years and over	2.4	2.2
Average age of the population	43.1	41.7
Median age of the population	42.8	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,041,835	1,043,315
Single-detached house	866,340	288,775
Semi-detached house	62,890	22,030
Row house	168,590	105,965
Apartment or flat in a duplex	249,835	167,855
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	417,475	255,555
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	221,845	197,280
Other single-attached house	3,760	1,340
Movable dwelling⁴	51,100	4,525
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,041,835	1,043,320
1 person	600,705	303,030
2 persons	719,865	332,130
3 persons	296,200	164,100
4 persons	256,700	146,150
5 or more persons	168,355	97,910
Number of persons in private households	4,915,945	2,607,015
Average household size	2.4	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,283,980	2,270,780
Married or living common-law	2,464,130	1,283,005
Married	2,036,165	1,100,315
Living common-law	427,970	182,695
Living common law - Never married	313,560	142,340
Living common law - Separated	17,220	5,995
Living common law - Divorced	87,370	31,570
Living common law - Widowed	9,815	2,790
Not married and not living common-law	1,819,845	987,775
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,202,625	694,885
Not married and not living common law - Separated	110,710	53,410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	283,035	134,670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	223,475	104,810
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,399,405	724,930
2 persons	763,875	359,330
3 persons	290,335	167,280
4 persons	255,295	150,890
5 or more persons	89,900	47,440
Average size of census families	2.8	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,399,405	724,930
Total couple families	1,190,930	615,345
Married couples	977,010	524,010
With children⁶	496,240	303,525
Without children	480,770	220,485
Common-law couples	213,925	91,335
With children⁶	64,570	23,510
Without children	149,355	67,825
Total one-parent families	208,475	109,590
in which the parent is a woman+	161,820	87,695
in which the parent is a man+	46,655	21,895
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	4,915,945	2,607,015
Total - Persons in census families	3,897,915	2,073,700
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,381,865	1,230,685
Parents in one-parent families	208,475	109,590
Children⁶	1,307,575	733,425
In a two-parent family	1,001,235	574,915
In a one-parent family	306,340	158,505
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,018,030	533,310
Living alone	600,705	303,030
Living with other relatives⁷	139,900	83,900
Living with non-relatives only	277,425	146,385
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,041,830	1,043,315
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,157,520	580,980
Couple-family households	1,002,775	499,615
With children⁶	463,945	263,600
Without children	538,825	236,015
One-parent-family households	154,745	81,360
Multigenerational households⁸	75,700	49,135
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20,325	11,915
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	79,015	39,725
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	108,570	58,530
One-person households	600,705	303,030
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,200,500	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,076,345	2,160,680
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,078,810	2,161,860
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,655,710	1,936,905
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,886,365	1,569,015
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,377,800	1,770,635
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370,345	185,775
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,106,935	632,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,200,425	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,075,270	2,159,815
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	56,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,077,810	2,160,985
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	46,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,654,285	1,935,565
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	53,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,886,325	1,569,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	53,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,374,170	1,768,405
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,030	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	368,410	185,340
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,540	6,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,102,145	630,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	9,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,200,420	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,301,410	728,635
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	82,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,195,830	636,030
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	30,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,200,500	2,235,460
Without total income	124,155	74,780
With total income	4,076,350	2,160,675
Under $10,000 (including loss)	385,230	229,760
$10,000 to $19,999	474,245	248,480
$20,000 to $29,999	627,895	325,665
$30,000 to $39,999	515,780	260,250
$40,000 to $49,999	442,130	222,385
$50,000 to $59,999	363,335	184,935
$60,000 to $69,999	284,130	146,880
$70,000 to $79,999	221,755	115,620
$80,000 to $89,999	172,110	91,245
$90,000 to $99,999	136,185	72,940
$100,000 and over	453,550	262,520
$100,000 to $149,999	297,440	164,230
$150,000 and over	156,105	98,290
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,200,500	2,235,460
Without after-tax income	121,690	73,600
With after-tax income	4,078,810	2,161,860
Under $10,000 (including loss)	402,375	238,430
$10,000 to $19,999	490,875	256,780
$20,000 to $29,999	705,795	365,930
$30,000 to $39,999	593,485	299,665
$40,000 to $49,999	502,775	255,155
$50,000 to $59,999	387,850	200,175
$60,000 to $69,999	283,825	147,710
$70,000 to $79,999	207,535	109,585
$80,000 to $89,999	150,155	80,250
$90,000 to $99,999	99,015	54,010
$100,000 and over	255,125	154,165
$100,000 to $124,999	127,025	72,800
$125,000 and over	128,100	81,370
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,200,500	2,235,460
Without employment income	1,314,135	666,445
With employment income	2,886,365	1,569,010
Under $5,000 (including loss)	397,640	203,790
$5,000 to $9,999	234,130	130,600
$10,000 to $19,999	339,265	182,310
$20,000 to $29,999	266,065	137,610
$30,000 to $39,999	257,235	135,255
$40,000 to $49,999	247,550	134,010
$50,000 to $59,999	230,030	126,735
$60,000 to $69,999	190,470	105,025
$70,000 to $79,999	154,990	85,095
$80,000 to $89,999	128,265	70,465
$90,000 to $99,999	105,855	58,530
$100,000 and over	334,875	199,585
$100,000 to $124,999	154,515	86,360
$125,000 and over	180,360	113,225
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,200,500	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,960,225	2,087,955
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,968,465	2,092,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,614,710	1,907,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,972,225	1,592,300
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,715,540	1,393,380
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	258,710	110,515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,200,425	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,959,300	2,086,875
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	54,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,967,440	2,090,930
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,400	44,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,612,845	1,905,655
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	54,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,971,405	1,592,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,120	52,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,711,365	1,391,425
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330	7,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	258,380	110,385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,200,420	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,288,260	719,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,800	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,128,665	596,215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	36,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	91.2
Employment income (%)	70.4	73.6
Government transfers (%)	10.9	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,041,835	1,043,320
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	600,705	303,030
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,441,130	740,285
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	114,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	100,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,041,835	1,043,320
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,600	117,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,100	96,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	600,425	302,895
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	59,550
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,680	49,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,441,410	740,425
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,800	140,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,600	116,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,041,835	1,043,320
Under $5,000	30,080	20,105
$5,000 to $9,999	13,160	8,225
$10,000 to $14,999	19,290	10,585
$15,000 to $19,999	41,735	20,590
$20,000 to $24,999	82,340	39,230
$25,000 to $29,999	63,830	30,285
$30,000 to $34,999	64,895	30,830
$35,000 to $39,999	75,105	35,445
$40,000 to $44,999	73,975	33,750
$45,000 to $49,999	73,180	33,710
$50,000 to $59,999	144,895	68,050
$60,000 to $69,999	139,140	66,550
$70,000 to $79,999	131,840	64,050
$80,000 to $89,999	122,530	60,070
$90,000 to $99,999	112,775	55,585
$100,000 and over	853,065	466,250
$100,000 to $124,999	235,680	118,385
$125,000 to $149,999	178,970	92,470
$150,000 to $199,999	221,175	120,095
$200,000 and over	217,240	135,305
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,041,835	1,043,320
Under $5,000	34,265	22,790
$5,000 to $9,999	13,550	8,405
$10,000 to $14,999	19,930	10,875
$15,000 to $19,999	43,390	21,425
$20,000 to $24,999	86,585	41,415
$25,000 to $29,999	72,515	34,225
$30,000 to $34,999	74,810	35,420
$35,000 to $39,999	85,940	40,580
$40,000 to $44,999	85,575	39,605
$45,000 to $49,999	85,000	40,015
$50,000 to $59,999	168,315	80,010
$60,000 to $69,999	160,070	77,200
$70,000 to $79,999	149,385	72,480
$80,000 to $89,999	136,615	66,915
$90,000 to $99,999	121,890	60,370
$100,000 and over	704,010	391,580
$100,000 to $124,999	243,560	124,245
$125,000 to $149,999	167,850	89,890
$150,000 and over	292,600	177,450
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,364,485	700,885
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	113,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	100,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	562,590	247,460
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	561,965	326,565
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	188,585	97,675
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	73,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	878,130	449,415
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,363,860	700,360
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,400	141,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	116,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	561,775	246,715
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,100	125,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	102,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	563,000	326,830
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	169,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	138,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	186,930	96,940
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	88,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	76,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	875,470	448,025
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,240	52,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,720	44,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	4,915,940	2,607,010
0 to 17 years	866,210	451,730
0 to 5 years	264,100	139,005
18 to 64 years	3,085,015	1,716,485
65 years and over	964,710	438,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	528,870	289,615
0 to 17 years	98,830	52,575
0 to 5 years	29,460	15,240
18 to 64 years	297,960	174,150
65 years and over	132,075	62,895
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	10.2
65 years and over (%)	13.7	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	4,825,465	2,596,300
0 to 17 years	848,955	449,990
0 to 5 years	259,060	138,435
18 to 64 years	3,033,655	1,709,765
65 years and over	942,860	436,545
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	279,035	200,160
0 to 17 years	44,480	31,010
0 to 5 years	11,690	8,255
18 to 64 years	201,000	143,600
65 years and over	33,555	25,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	8.4
65 years and over (%)	3.6	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	4,915,940	2,607,010
In bottom half of the distribution	2,300,730	1,160,745
In bottom decile	516,435	286,250
In second decile	444,845	218,965
In third decile	436,965	211,650
In fourth decile	442,745	215,485
In fifth decile	459,740	228,400
In top half of the distribution	2,615,210	1,446,270
In sixth decile	475,780	240,740
In seventh decile	494,480	257,800
In eighth decile	518,565	279,315
In ninth decile	550,860	309,635
In top decile	575,535	358,770
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	4,915,940	2,607,015
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.346	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	0.459
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	0.321
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	4.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	4,951,660	2,619,420
English only	4,461,290	2,307,135
French only	1,785	1,095
English and French	326,865	170,965
Neither English nor French	161,720	140,240
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	4,951,660	2,619,420
English	4,718,195	2,441,160
French	56,495	25,925
English and French	18,145	14,255
Neither English nor French	158,820	138,090
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	4,951,660	2,619,420
Single responses	4,761,600	2,476,420
Official languages	3,382,455	1,365,700
English	3,325,035	1,340,995
French	57,420	24,710
Non-official languages	1,379,145	1,110,720
Indigenous languages³⁹	5,490	555
Algonquian languages	820	260
Blackfoot	30	15
Cree-Innu languages	630	175
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	620	175
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	170	50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	85	15
Cree, n.o.s.	305	100
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5
Mi'kmaq	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5
Oji-Cree	15	5
Ojibway languages	135	55
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,560	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,545	70
Dakelh (Carrier)	615	35
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	0
Dene, n.o.s.	70	10
Gwich'in	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	0
Tahltan languages	85	5
Kaska (Nahani)	5	5
Tahltan	80	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	10	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	460	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	110	0
Tlingit	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Haida	40	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0
Inuinnaqtun	5	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	5	5
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	5
Michif	25	10
Salish languages	1,080	55
Halkomelem	180	15
Lillooet	100	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	180	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	265	10
Squamish	25	25
Straits	95	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	185	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	55	5
Siouan languages	10	5
Assiniboine	5	0
Dakota	5	0
Stoney	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,005	60
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	575	30
Nisga'a	320	20
Tsimshian	115	10
Wakashan languages	760	45
Haisla	80	5
Heiltsuk	295	15
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	150	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	215	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	70	10
Non-Indigenous languages	1,373,655	1,110,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	33,195	26,995
Berber languages	110	90
Kabyle	70	65
Tamazight	25	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10
Chadic languages	50	40
Hausa	40	25
Mina	10	10
Coptic	10	10
Cushitic languages	2,005	1,715
Bilen	30	25
Oromo	310	240
Somali	1,590	1,400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	75	55
Semitic languages	31,020	25,150
Amharic	1,620	1,320
Arabic	22,970	18,130
Aramaic languages	1,505	1,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	580	540
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	800	780
Aramaic, n.o.s.	125	120
Harari	15	15
Hebrew	2,260	1,925
Maltese	170	60
Tigrigna	2,455	2,240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	34,145	28,110
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,530	1,210
Vietnamese	32,560	26,850
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	45
Austronesian languages	104,100	85,375
Bikol	425	345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,375	1,025
Cebuano	3,585	2,615
Fijian	345	265
Hiligaynon	1,895	1,595
Ilocano	6,325	5,425
Indonesian	4,080	3,665
Kankanaey	200	170
Kinaray-a	125	105
Malagasy languages	35	20
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	20
Malay	365	280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	870	725
Pangasinan	395	345
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	82,835	67,790
Waray-Waray	300	260
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	945	730
Creole languages	925	640
Haitian Creole	115	60
Jamaican English Creole	40	20
Krio	35	20
Morisyen	375	315
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	105
Creole languages, n.i.e.	170	115
Dravidian languages	13,260	10,510
Kannada	565	480
Malayalam	4,740	3,115
Tamil	5,055	4,500
Telugu	2,810	2,335
Tulu	70	65
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15
Georgian	160	140
Hmong-Mien languages	85	70
Indo-European languages	657,345	474,005
Albanian	1,645	1,150
Armenian	1,350	1,185
Balto-Slavic languages	81,655	56,960
Baltic languages	1,065	625
Latvian	545	295
Lithuanian	525	330
Slavic languages	80,590	56,340
Belarusian	70	45
Bulgarian	2,025	1,680
Czech	5,855	3,365
Macedonian	330	245
Polish	15,810	10,645
Russian	28,660	20,685
Rusyn	25	10
Serbo-Croatian	16,425	13,295
Bosnian	1,655	1,345
Croatian	6,805	4,990
Serbian	7,665	6,715
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	300	245
Slovak	3,275	2,215
Slovene (Slovenian)	950	475
Ukrainian	7,120	3,650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20
Celtic languages	415	200
Irish	110	80
Scottish Gaelic	80	40
Welsh	200	70
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	10
Germanic languages	84,375	30,225
Frisian	200	55
High German languages	53,255	18,910
German	50,695	18,090
Pennsylvania German	15	0
Swiss German	2,330	665
Yiddish	215	155
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	23,295	7,840
Afrikaans	3,700	1,500
Dutch	17,345	6,005
Low German, n.o.s.	235	25
Low Saxon	110	20
Plautdietsch	1,580	165
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	120
Scandinavian languages	7,530	3,380
Danish	3,625	1,525
Icelandic	215	115
Norwegian	1,520	635
Swedish	2,175	1,110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	95	30
Greek	5,545	4,295
Indo-Iranian languages	368,635	294,870
Indo-Aryan languages	306,465	236,465
Assamese	75	70
Bengali	4,765	3,870
Gujarati	8,250	7,075
Hindi	32,390	27,990
Kacchi	1,195	1,125
Kashmiri	80	60
Konkani	280	245
Marathi	1,605	1,370
Nepali	1,725	1,270
Oriya languages	110	95
Odia	65	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	45	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240,865	180,355
Rohingya	65	65
Sindhi	285	210
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,935	1,605
Urdu	12,210	10,495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	555
Iranian languages	62,135	58,375
Baluchi	65	45
Kurdish	2,775	2,550
Parsi	155	135
Pashto	1,365	1,225
Persian languages	57,700	54,350
Dari	6,005	5,705
Iranian Persian	46,395	43,720
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,295	4,925
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	113,685	85,100
Catalan	200	140
Italian	19,805	13,285
Portuguese	24,320	18,185
Romanian	8,775	6,780
Spanish	60,465	46,645
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	65
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	20
Japanese	22,030	17,340
Korean	59,935	52,525
Mongolian	435	410
Niger-Congo languages	4,910	3,435
Akan (Twi)	545	420
Bamanankan	15	5
Edo	75	55
Éwé	110	85
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	15
Ga	50	35
Ganda	160	125
Gikuyu	70	40
Igbo	290	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	215
Lingala	90	55
Luba-Kasai	10	10
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	30	20
Ndebele	50	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	225	190
Shona	355	210
Soninke	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	65	40
Swahili	1,090	810
Wojenaka	10	10
Wolof	50	30
Yoruba	555	335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	735	495
Nilo-Saharan languages	420	315
Dinka	105	75
Nuer	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	175
African, n.o.s.	45	30
Sign languages	1,000	580
American Sign Language	895	515
Quebec Sign Language	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	419,855	395,250
Chinese languages	417,290	393,030
Hakka	2,080	1,945
Mandarin	205,205	191,475
Min Dong	185	180
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,780	11,195
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,200	3,085
Yue (Cantonese)	192,140	182,910
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,560	2,125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,485	2,150
Burmese	1,015	930
Kuki-Chin languages	210	205
Karenic languages	725	580
S'gaw Karen	645	525
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	55
Tibetan	395	320
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	75	70
Tai-Kadai languages	4,395	2,960
Lao	1,100	810
Thai	3,170	2,045
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	120	100
Turkic languages	6,055	5,260
Azerbaijani	625	565
Kazakh	115	100
Turkish	4,765	4,095
Uyghur	240	225
Uzbek	150	130
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	145
Uralic languages	11,275	6,145
Estonian	575	340
Finnish	3,005	1,395
Hungarian	7,700	4,410
Other languages, n.i.e.	130	100
Multiple responses	190,055	143,005
English and French	17,320	8,240
English and non-official language(s)	150,730	117,335
French and non-official language(s)	2,395	1,775
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,960	2,190
Multiple non-official languages	16,645	13,465
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	4,951,660	2,619,420
English	3,491,395	1,433,630
French	11,050	5,350
Non-official language	464,235	396,810
Indigenous³⁹	645	75
Non-Indigenous	463,590	396,730
English and French	42,645	20,960
English and non-official language(s)	880,090	710,270
French and non-official language(s)	1,065	800
English, French and non-official language(s)	21,610	16,000
Multiple non-official languages	39,565	35,600
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	4,951,660	2,619,420
Single responses	4,753,615	2,457,520
Official languages	3,906,070	1,734,900
English	3,888,825	1,726,210
French	17,245	8,690
Non-official languages	847,550	722,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,215	110
Algonquian languages	130	40
Blackfoot	10	5
Cree-Innu languages	110	30
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	100	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	465	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	460	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	215	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	20	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0
Tahltan languages	5	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	5	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	30	5
Tlingit	5	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Haida	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	15
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	10	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	0
Michif	10	0
Salish languages	250	15
Halkomelem	45	5
Lillooet	40	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	30	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	0
Squamish	5	5
Straits	30	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Siouan languages	15	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	210	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	120	5
Nisga'a	80	10
Tsimshian	10	0
Wakashan languages	65	5
Haisla	10	0
Heiltsuk	5	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	0
Non-Indigenous languages	846,335	722,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	19,805	16,370
Berber languages	40	25
Kabyle	30	15
Tamazight	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Chadic languages	10	5
Hausa	5	0
Mina	5	5
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,150	1,015
Bilen	25	20
Oromo	155	120
Somali	930	855
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	45	25
Semitic languages	18,605	15,325
Amharic	765	625
Arabic	13,845	10,980
Aramaic languages	1,110	1,075
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	390	380
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	600	585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	110
Harari	20	20
Hebrew	1,030	915
Maltese	5	5
Tigrigna	1,810	1,685
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	21,705	17,825
Khmer (Cambodian)	780	630
Vietnamese	20,890	17,160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	35
Austronesian languages	54,720	45,860
Bikol	130	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	585	445
Cebuano	1,735	1,345
Fijian	110	80
Hiligaynon	865	750
Ilocano	3,280	2,865
Indonesian	1,375	1,300
Kankanaey	105	95
Kinaray-a	55	50
Malagasy languages	15	10
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10
Malay	55	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	425	365
Pangasinan	130	115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45,380	37,890
Waray-Waray	115	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	355	300
Creole languages	430	330
Haitian Creole	25	20
Jamaican English Creole	25	5
Krio	20	15
Morisyen	230	205
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	45
Dravidian languages	8,005	6,395
Kannada	240	200
Malayalam	2,890	1,840
Tamil	3,185	2,915
Telugu	1,645	1,405
Tulu	25	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10
Georgian	100	90
Hmong-Mien languages	35	35
Indo-European languages	364,340	283,360
Albanian	690	430
Armenian	675	605
Balto-Slavic languages	33,875	26,885
Baltic languages	225	155
Latvian	90	65
Lithuanian	135	90
Slavic languages	33,650	26,735
Belarusian	15	10
Bulgarian	900	760
Czech	1,760	1,105
Macedonian	125	100
Polish	5,250	3,935
Russian	16,090	12,840
Rusyn	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	6,745	5,975
Bosnian	720	630
Croatian	1,940	1,595
Serbian	4,010	3,685
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	65
Slovak	1,040	780
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	45
Ukrainian	1,630	1,185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Celtic languages	45	25
Irish	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5
Welsh	20	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	12,280	3,695
Frisian	10	10
High German languages	7,805	2,215
German	7,320	2,130
Pennsylvania German	5	0
Swiss German	480	80
Yiddish	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,785	1,100
Afrikaans	1,725	590
Dutch	1,485	495
Low German, n.o.s.	60	0
Low Saxon	45	0
Plautdietsch	440	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	5
Scandinavian languages	670	365
Danish	220	130
Icelandic	50	25
Norwegian	95	40
Swedish	305	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Greek	1,915	1,550
Indo-Iranian languages	263,030	208,160
Indo-Aryan languages	220,735	167,845
Assamese	20	20
Bengali	2,720	2,260
Gujarati	4,160	3,555
Hindi	17,670	15,285
Kacchi	455	450
Kashmiri	30	20
Konkani	45	45
Marathi	780	690
Nepali	1,120	845
Oriya languages	40	35
Odia	25	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	184,065	136,300
Rohingya	60	55
Sindhi	130	100
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	940	795
Urdu	8,235	7,165
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	265	230
Iranian languages	42,285	40,315
Baluchi	40	25
Kurdish	1,765	1,630
Parsi	75	65
Pashto	900	810
Persian languages	39,475	37,760
Dari	3,690	3,555
Iranian Persian	32,375	30,985
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	3,405	3,220
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	51,830	42,000
Catalan	80	50
Italian	4,475	3,330
Portuguese	12,670	10,615
Romanian	3,620	2,935
Spanish	30,960	25,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Japanese	10,220	8,485
Korean	45,525	40,050
Mongolian	220	210
Niger-Congo languages	1,485	1,150
Akan (Twi)	165	135
Bamanankan	5	0
Edo	10	10
Éwé	45	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0
Ga	15	10
Ganda	30	25
Gikuyu	10	10
Igbo	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	75
Lingala	25	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	10	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	120
Shona	65	40
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0
Swahili	375	310
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	15	10
Yoruba	160	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	120
Dinka	30	25
Nuer	20	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	75
African, n.o.s.	20	15
Sign languages	1,720	950
American Sign Language	1,390	805
Quebec Sign Language	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	325	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	310,860	295,940
Chinese languages	309,165	294,455
Hakka	605	580
Mandarin	162,130	152,805
Min Dong	95	90
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	6,285	6,040
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,010	1,950
Yue (Cantonese)	136,525	131,660
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,455	1,275
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	60	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,665	1,455
Burmese	670	615
Kuki-Chin languages	170	170
Karenic languages	530	415
S'gaw Karen	475	385
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	35
Tibetan	240	205
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,570	1,135
Lao	500	370
Thai	1,010	715
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	55
Turkic languages	3,030	2,695
Azerbaijani	295	275
Kazakh	15	15
Turkish	2,500	2,195
Uyghur	125	115
Uzbek	65	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	40
Uralic languages	2,375	1,495
Estonian	65	50
Finnish	500	270
Hungarian	1,815	1,180
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15
Multiple responses	198,040	161,905
English and French	7,210	3,935
English and non-official language(s)	183,010	151,220
French and non-official language(s)	535	425
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,525	1,145
Multiple non-official languages	5,760	5,180
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	4,951,660	2,619,425
None	4,130,200	1,968,775
English	304,845	255,090
French	34,575	17,840
Non-official language	379,250	293,690
Indigenous³⁹	5,140	560
Non-Indigenous	374,105	293,125
English and French	2,740	2,230
English and non-official language(s)	46,940	40,505
French and non-official language(s)	11,880	8,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	655	530
Multiple non-official languages	40,580	32,445
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	4,915,940	2,607,010
Official languages	4,754,865	2,466,835
English	4,753,275	2,465,850
French	327,350	171,635
Non-official languages	1,780,325	1,398,170
Indigenous languages³⁹	16,560	1,800
Algonquian languages	1,985	505
Blackfoot	60	20
Cree-Innu languages	1,450	335
Atikamekw	15	0
Cree languages	1,425	335
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	45
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	435	140
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	160	30
Cree, n.o.s.	745	145
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	65	20
Mi'kmaq	60	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	440	140
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	15
Oji-Cree	25	0
Ojibway languages	400	125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	80	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	275	65
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Athabaskan languages	3,540	165
Northern Athabaskan languages	3,490	150
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,530	45
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	205	0
Dene, n.o.s.	205	35
Gwich'in	15	0
Slavey-Hare languages	85	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	55	0
Tahltan languages	235	10
Kaska (Nahani)	20	0
Tahltan	220	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	15	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	855	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	25	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	15	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	245	30
Tlingit	35	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Haida	225	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	205	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	20
Inuinnaqtun	30	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	175	55
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Iroquoian languages	100	55
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	90	50
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	190	0
Michif	240	50
Salish languages	5,145	655
Halkomelem	1,400	245
Lillooet	590	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	465	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,060	35
Squamish	345	285
Straits	315	25
Syilx (Okanagan)	690	40
Salish languages, n.i.e.	325	10
Siouan languages	100	25
Assiniboine	15	0
Dakota	30	10
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	50	15
Tsimshian languages	2,610	125
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,120	30
Nisga'a	1,080	65
Tsimshian	455	35
Wakashan languages	2,145	95
Haisla	285	0
Heiltsuk	330	25
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	790	45
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	685	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	45	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	355	60
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	285	40
Non-Indigenous languages	1,764,475	1,396,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	50,895	41,165
Berber languages	235	130
Kabyle	140	90
Tamazight	65	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15
Chadic languages	315	195
Hausa	285	175
Mina	25	25
Coptic	60	55
Cushitic languages	2,745	2,340
Bilen	30	0
Oromo	500	360
Somali	2,215	1,970
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	35
Semitic languages	48,405	39,075
Amharic	3,100	2,590
Arabic	35,595	28,450
Aramaic languages	2,270	2,130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	895	820
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,050	1,015
Aramaic, n.o.s.	380	340
Harari	20	20
Hebrew	6,995	5,650
Maltese	270	115
Tigrigna	3,435	3,090
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	44,030	36,210
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,210	1,690
Vietnamese	41,975	34,650
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	65	55
Austronesian languages	148,455	122,120
Bikol	810	620
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,655	1,145
Cebuano	5,995	4,315
Fijian	1,020	835
Hiligaynon	3,135	2,655
Ilocano	11,285	9,645
Indonesian	6,810	5,895
Kankanaey	330	280
Kinaray-a	200	180
Malagasy languages	100	40
Merina	20	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	85	25
Malay	3,485	2,960
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,550	1,310
Pangasinan	925	840
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	133,780	109,930
Waray-Waray	865	645
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	3,590	2,595
Creole languages	3,230	2,090
Haitian Creole	470	240
Jamaican English Creole	265	130
Krio	160	105
Morisyen	1,070	860
Sango	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	835	465
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	355
Dravidian languages	20,585	16,585
Kannada	1,615	1,425
Malayalam	6,765	4,615
Tamil	9,740	8,440
Telugu	4,860	3,940
Tulu	205	180
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	35
Georgian	240	195
Hmong-Mien languages	160	125
Indo-European languages	906,560	643,875
Albanian	2,195	1,585
Armenian	1,600	1,390
Balto-Slavic languages	101,395	70,160
Baltic languages	1,480	805
Latvian	730	365
Lithuanian	750	440
Slavic languages	100,340	69,615
Belarusian	330	235
Bulgarian	2,475	1,965
Czech	7,935	4,785
Macedonian	505	380
Polish	19,640	13,165
Russian	42,390	29,885
Rusyn	45	15
Serbo-Croatian	21,625	17,080
Bosnian	3,150	2,605
Croatian	11,060	8,235
Serbian	11,070	9,430
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	480	385
Slovak	4,315	2,835
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,280	675
Ukrainian	12,205	7,515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35
Celtic languages	2,675	1,855
Irish	1,665	1,365
Scottish Gaelic	260	95
Welsh	610	330
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	70
Germanic languages	128,605	53,220
Frisian	375	90
High German languages	86,275	35,890
German	84,325	35,110
Pennsylvania German	25	0
Swiss German	3,030	915
Yiddish	480	355
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	34,480	13,230
Afrikaans	9,755	4,765
Dutch	22,380	8,290
Low German, n.o.s.	345	35
Low Saxon	55	10
Plautdietsch	2,180	255
Vlaams (Flemish)	405	190
Scandinavian languages	12,425	6,065
Danish	4,950	2,250
Icelandic	330	145
Norwegian	3,125	1,440
Swedish	4,730	2,540
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	210	75
Greek	9,005	7,005
Indo-Iranian languages	477,485	384,455
Indo-Aryan languages	406,375	317,790
Assamese	100	95
Bengali	6,565	5,325
Gujarati	14,340	12,615
Hindi	134,950	110,485
Kacchi	2,925	2,745
Kashmiri	185	140
Konkani	775	655
Marathi	3,555	2,930
Nepali	2,445	1,645
Oriya languages	180	140
Odia	95	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315,000	239,205
Rohingya	55	55
Sindhi	645	505
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	3,045
Urdu	25,780	21,965
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,645	1,395
Iranian languages	73,745	69,060
Baluchi	155	105
Kurdish	3,875	3,720
Parsi	290	255
Pashto	2,645	2,440
Persian languages	68,960	64,655
Dari	8,235	7,840
Iranian Persian	55,745	52,285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5,780	5,290
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	145
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	210	150
Italic (Romance) languages	211,725	142,265
Catalan	565	460
Italian	36,370	24,325
Portuguese	33,005	23,835
Romanian	11,210	8,735
Spanish	143,900	94,560
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	655	330
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	320	230
Japanese	41,835	31,770
Korean	69,935	61,165
Mongolian	565	525
Niger-Congo languages	13,290	9,095
Akan (Twi)	1,365	1,010
Bamanankan	65	40
Edo	175	155
Éwé	290	240
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	35
Ga	215	150
Ganda	415	310
Gikuyu	130	80
Igbo	980	485
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	430
Lingala	475	270
Luba-Kasai	60	55
Mòoré	15	0
Mwani	10	10
Ndebele	190	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	335	285
Shona	725	435
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	105	55
Swahili	5,205	3,925
Wojenaka	25	10
Wolof	165	105
Yoruba	1,815	1,130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,495
Nilo-Saharan languages	670	480
Dinka	115	95
Nuer	60	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	490	355
African, n.o.s.	130	90
Sign languages	7,965	3,615
American Sign Language	7,020	3,315
Quebec Sign Language	15	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,105	380
Sino-Tibetan languages	491,660	461,875
Chinese languages	488,465	459,215
Hakka	3,615	3,385
Mandarin	312,625	292,720
Min Dong	215	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	24,065	22,615
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,760	4,555
Yue (Cantonese)	246,045	233,750
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,215	1,820
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	255	235
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,375	2,850
Burmese	1,730	1,560
Kuki-Chin languages	295	290
Karenic languages	770	650
S'gaw Karen	705	600
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	75
Tibetan	590	415
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	220
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	215	190
Tai-Kadai languages	6,725	4,550
Lao	1,635	1,180
Thai	5,310	3,500
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	170	155
Turkic languages	10,910	9,305
Azerbaijani	1,665	1,480
Kazakh	230	190
Turkish	9,230	7,840
Uyghur	235	220
Uzbek	275	245
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	295	250
Uralic languages	13,510	7,285
Estonian	695	360
Finnish	3,635	1,695
Hungarian	9,230	5,250
Other languages, n.i.e.	585	355
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	2,607,010
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	290,210	63,345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	279,670	60,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	180,085	35,950
Métis	97,860	24,105
Inuk (Inuit)	1,720	510
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	5,980	1,700
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	4,560	1,075
Non-Indigenous identity	4,625,735	2,543,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	4,915,945	2,607,010
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	136,875	24,605
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,779,065	2,582,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,041,835	1,043,320
Owner	1,363,190	647,870
Renter	669,450	394,710
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	9,190	735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,041,835	1,043,320
Condominium	482,755	339,250
Not condominium	1,559,075	704,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,041,835	1,043,320
No bedrooms	30,855	21,815
1 bedroom	354,020	231,855
2 bedrooms	569,180	291,055
3 bedrooms	539,910	226,590
4 or more bedrooms	547,870	272,005
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,041,835	1,043,320
1 to 4 rooms	766,380	486,500
5 rooms	300,895	141,345
6 rooms	248,045	104,495
7 rooms	205,105	85,645
8 or more rooms	521,410	225,340
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	5.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,041,835	1,043,320
One person or fewer per room	1,984,655	1,000,375
More than one person per room	57,180	42,945
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,041,835	1,043,320
Suitable	1,919,140	958,590
Not suitable	122,700	84,735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,041,835	1,043,320
1960 or before	256,175	120,385
1961 to 1980	550,690	243,195
1981 to 1990	289,940	151,115
1991 to 2000	336,315	173,545
2001 to 2005	122,855	69,100
2006 to 2010	164,165	91,675
2011 to 2015	135,725	84,850
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	185,965	109,460
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,041,835	1,043,320
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,922,640	988,135
Major repairs needed	119,195	55,185
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,041,835	1,043,320
One-maintainer household	1,003,245	513,180
Two-maintainer household	904,960	450,060
Three-or-more-maintainer household	133,630	80,080
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,041,835	1,043,320
15 to 24 years	57,980	30,925
25 to 34 years	282,195	161,980
35 to 44 years	343,380	189,720
45 to 54 years	354,340	196,810
55 to 64 years	407,735	202,020
65 to 74 years	347,335	152,290
75 to 84 years	182,155	78,330
85 years and over	66,710	31,235
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,988,210	1,033,410
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,481,365	725,970
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	506,850	307,440
30% to less than 100%	434,390	254,850
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,041,830	1,043,320
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	683,985	406,540
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	451,550	272,030
Not suitable only	89,300	60,880
Major repairs needed only	80,200	34,030
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	23,945	18,445
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	29,585	15,750
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	7,640	4,190
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,770	1,210
Acceptable housing	1,357,845	636,780
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,915,755	980,820
In core need	257,090	166,100
Not in core need	1,658,665	814,720
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,330,795	644,275
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	59.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	24.4
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	10.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	1,620
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	1,980
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	785,000	1,050,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	983,000	1,304,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	663,870	393,260
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	11.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	38.5
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	27.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	1,624
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,190	735
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.4	6.2
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	368	200
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	446	326
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	4,915,940	2,607,015
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	120,245	19,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	118,210	19,180
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	100,805	15,265
Métis single ancestry	16,830	3,795
Inuit single ancestry	570	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	2,040	590
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	1,870	530
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	60	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	191,640	51,145
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	184,975	49,255
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	123,735	33,045
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	59,905	15,860
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,330	355
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	6,665	1,890
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,390	1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	55
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	4,604,055	2,536,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	4,915,940	2,607,015
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	4,359,045	2,180,525
Canadian citizens aged under 18	812,305	409,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,546,745	1,770,975
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	556,895	426,480
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	4,915,940	2,607,015
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	3,319,230	1,384,550
Immigrants⁸¹	1,425,710	1,089,185
Before 1980	280,160	158,270
1980 to 1990	164,445	126,870
1991 to 2000	299,115	255,475
2001 to 2010	316,915	259,830
2011 to 2021⁸²	365,075	288,735
2011 to 2015	167,650	133,920
2016 to 2021	197,425	154,820
Non-permanent residents⁸³	171,000	133,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,425,715	1,089,180
Under 5 years	117,555	81,230
5 to 14 years	226,910	168,170
15 to 24 years	275,435	203,110
25 to 44 years	639,200	501,615
45 years and over	166,605	135,060
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,425,715	1,089,180
Americas	126,075	76,000
Brazil	8,765	7,100
Colombia	5,450	4,145
El Salvador	5,770	4,485
Guyana	1,400	995
Haiti	490	250
Jamaica	4,295	2,455
Mexico	13,385	10,060
Peru	3,510	2,875
Trinidad and Tobago	2,725	1,980
United States of America	59,920	27,615
Other places of birth in Americas	20,355	14,045
Europe	307,495	162,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,510	3,785
Croatia	5,390	3,690
France	7,025	4,360
Germany	30,910	11,545
Greece	3,350	2,550
Hungary	5,115	2,750
Italy	13,410	9,090
Netherlands	16,070	5,145
Poland	14,305	9,210
Portugal	7,785	4,400
Romania	9,370	7,235
Russian Federation	12,170	9,350
Serbia⁸⁶	4,565	3,745
Ukraine	9,450	7,090
United Kingdom⁸⁷	116,525	51,440
Other places of birth in Europe	47,545	27,030
Africa	53,330	38,530
Algeria	510	445
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,005	740
Egypt	3,310	2,705
Eritrea	2,485	2,255
Ethiopia	2,590	2,075
Morocco	1,270	930
Nigeria	3,585	2,210
Somalia	1,240	1,085
South Africa, Republic of	15,380	9,000
Other places of birth in Africa	21,955	17,085
Asia	905,585	788,120
Afghanistan	6,245	5,935
Iran⁸⁸	45,970	43,245
Iraq	7,000	6,550
Lebanon	2,455	1,960
Syria⁸⁹	6,545	4,690
Turkey	3,095	2,540
China⁹⁰	217,970	204,825
Hong Kong⁹¹	78,855	76,115
Korea, South⁹²	47,520	42,090
Taiwan	40,445	38,670
Philippines	131,645	109,405
Viet Nam	32,390	27,175
Bangladesh	3,035	2,580
India	197,115	151,400
Pakistan	13,345	11,125
Sri Lanka	5,375	4,875
Other places of birth in Asia	66,580	54,930
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	33,225	24,120
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	197,420	154,815
Americas	22,835	16,725
Brazil	5,130	4,625
Colombia	1,075	825
Haiti	35	20
Jamaica	1,005	390
Mexico	3,045	2,460
United States of America	8,760	5,465
Venezuela⁹⁵	530	420
Other places of birth in Americas	3,265	2,525
Europe	25,290	18,070
France	1,730	1,325
Germany	1,380	800
Ireland⁹⁶	2,420	2,105
Italy	995	805
Russian Federation	2,075	1,740
Ukraine	1,935	1,585
United Kingdom⁸⁷	7,675	4,555
Other places of birth in Europe	7,090	5,150
Africa	10,465	7,395
Algeria	65	65
Burundi	110	70
Cameroon	120	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	340	230
Côte d'Ivoire	40	35
Egypt	610	500
Eritrea	1,515	1,415
Ethiopia	620	470
Morocco	275	230
Nigeria	1,770	1,085
Somalia	255	220
South Africa, Republic of	1,965	1,215
Sudan⁹⁷	235	160
Tunisia	115	100
Other places of birth in Africa	2,420	1,495
Asia	134,395	110,065
Afghanistan	1,325	1,245
Bangladesh	655	530
China⁹⁰	31,450	28,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,515	2,385
India	39,390	30,545
Iran⁸⁸	5,850	5,615
Iraq	1,545	1,435
Israel	605	520
Japan	2,090	1,615
Jordan	395	325
Korea, South⁹²	7,220	6,125
Lebanon	395	290
Nepal	405	235
Pakistan	2,390	1,850
Philippines	21,220	15,095
Saudi Arabia	565	480
Sri Lanka	710	600
Syria⁸⁹	4,955	3,380
Turkey	1,025	795
United Arab Emirates	620	515
Viet Nam	2,845	2,270
Other places of birth in Asia	6,215	5,245
Oceania and other⁹³	4,440	2,570
Australia	3,280	1,810
Other places of birth⁹⁸	1,160	755
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	4,915,940	2,607,010
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,657,625	1,256,395
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,068,600	632,460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	2,189,720	718,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,145,550	930,915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	661,395	554,240
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	273,695	225,255
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	387,700	328,990
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	372,185	282,705
Refugees¹⁰⁸	97,720	81,155
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	14,250	12,805
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,145,550	930,915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	27,320	23,820
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	138,760	98,885
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40,690	33,385
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	71,860	58,500
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	5,145	3,390
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	861,775	712,935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	4,915,945	2,607,010
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,689,490	1,420,270
South Asian	473,965	369,290
Chinese	550,590	512,260
Black	61,760	41,180
Filipino	174,280	142,125
Arab	28,010	22,440
Latin American	65,970	51,500
Southeast Asian	71,785	56,815
West Asian	69,270	64,640
Korean	72,815	63,465
Japanese	44,120	31,195
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	18,080	14,750
Multiple visible minorities	58,840	50,600
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	3,226,450	1,186,740
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	4,915,940	2,607,015
Canadian	459,320	174,095
English	1,019,250	365,150
Irish	627,920	235,970
Scottish	774,455	281,420
French, n.o.s.¹²²	312,750	108,315
German	539,145	184,145
Chinese	517,805	475,160
Italian	162,485	83,200
Indian (India)	275,975	213,795
Ukrainian	210,100	81,155
Dutch	189,985	64,120
Polish	134,635	58,505
Québécois	6,240	2,475
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	191,025	79,115
Filipino	172,915	141,230
French Canadian	39,930	15,575
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	82,175	34,895
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	105,005	23,740
Métis	85,205	22,050
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	102,475	41,860
Russian	121,755	51,690
Norwegian	137,170	45,595
Welsh	104,225	37,335
Portuguese	39,755	22,980
American	71,530	26,805
Spanish	54,365	36,270
Swedish	103,630	34,990
Hungarian	51,915	21,815
Acadian	7,025	2,365
Pakistani	19,050	15,765
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	18,520	11,685
Jewish	34,395	22,280
Punjabi	93,395	71,020
Vietnamese	51,890	42,690
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	12,590	9,915
Greek	23,300	14,570
Jamaican	9,865	5,735
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	47,650	41,130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	24,875	6,230
Korean	72,025	62,885
Romanian	30,195	15,490
Lebanese	8,440	5,355
Iranian	49,390	45,815
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	13,865	8,600
Danish	54,865	19,430
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	24,140	6,225
Sikh	69,100	51,935
Austrian	45,280	17,850
Belgian	19,505	7,410
Haitian	1,215	620
Hindu	19,405	15,640
Mexican	28,445	19,655
Mennonite	20,925	6,320
Swiss	28,520	9,570
Finnish	33,680	12,650
Sri Lankan	6,440	5,475
Croatian	23,750	14,670
Japanese	54,640	38,945
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20,125	16,030
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,840	1,315
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30,950	11,035
Muslim	8,220	7,175
Egyptian	5,810	4,430
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	11,730	8,930
Tamil	3,380	3,065
Icelandic	25,910	10,265
Colombian	7,315	5,525
Moroccan	2,020	1,305
Czech	22,425	10,055
Syrian	6,550	4,355
Guyanese	2,420	1,615
Afghan	9,605	9,060
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,515	2,940
Serbian	12,660	9,755
Ojibway	5,145	1,545
Newfoundlander	4,530	1,225
Hong Konger	30,020	29,025
Ontarian	3,315	1,075
Persian	19,155	17,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,120	2,650
Turkish	8,070	6,305
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	2,120	575
Bangladeshi	3,740	3,105
Algerian	915	690
Brazilian	12,435	9,720
Nigerian	4,110	2,440
Armenian	4,040	3,055
Slovak	11,565	6,010
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	11,810	6,295
Somali	2,665	2,315
Taiwanese	37,530	35,425
Iraqi	4,590	4,035
Salvadorean	6,580	5,045
African Caribbean	1,640	1,175
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10,735	9,040
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,140	4,260
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	2,715	1,740
Algonquin	1,880	530
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,855	1,300
Lithuanian	7,330	3,380
South African	13,965	7,430
Australian	18,505	8,695
Palestinian	2,750	2,245
Chilean	6,220	4,055
Congolese	1,500	1,020
Nova Scotian	2,015	760
Ethiopian	2,720	2,130
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	5,295	3,755
Peruvian	4,260	3,185
Yoruba	1,350	835
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,350	2,545
Berber	605	455
Albanian	2,455	1,740
Maltese	2,750	1,185
Macedonian	1,235	795
Slovenian	5,340	2,725
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	7,865	3,555
New Brunswicker	875	320
Gujarati	2,670	2,190
Eritrean	2,245	1,955
African Canadian	1,535	980
Israeli	3,645	2,655
Mohawk	2,355	830
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	6,545	2,220
Bulgarian	3,720	2,540
Albertan	3,430	1,155
Ghanaian	1,670	1,215
Barbadian	1,950	1,205
African American	4,500	2,485
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	5,580	2,460
Tunisian	550	365
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	5,285	3,260
Cuban	1,770	1,095
Bosnian	3,785	2,915
Venezuelan	1,835	1,350
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	180	75
Latvian	4,860	2,355
Bengali	1,370	1,110
Cameroonian	335	220
Guatemalan	2,415	1,900
Indonesian	8,440	6,100
Laotian	2,485	1,785
Ilocano	4,765	4,000
Northern Irish	4,550	2,135
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	5,445	2,360
British Columbian	20,450	7,415
Ecuadorian	1,135	705
Franco Ontarian	360	140
Argentinian	2,625	1,640
Estonian	4,695	2,360
Kurdish	3,375	3,170
Fijian	16,120	14,415
Jatt	8,370	6,075
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	2,695	980
Coptic	760	680
Thai	5,745	3,650
Dominican	860	565
Nepali	2,305	1,520
Kabyle	75	55
Assyrian	695	560
Igbo	890	475
Byelorussian	2,610	1,695
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	1,025	165
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	2,015	655
Abenaki	215	95
Moldovan	1,415	955
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,285	305
New Zealander	7,840	3,555
Sudanese	945	680
Breton	365	170
Pennsylvania Dutch	1,655	465
Malaysian	5,420	4,615
Plains Cree	715	235
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	780	530
Huron (Wendat)	390	130
Saskatchewanian	2,890	975
Buddhist	2,950	2,720
Gaspesian	90	15
Norman	745	290
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,830	1,495
Ivorian	135	70
Saulteaux	845	290
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	935	335
Burundian	380	350
Tigrinya	1,145	1,020
Nicaraguan	1,890	1,485
Mauritian	1,160	845
Kenyan	2,215	1,670
Oji-Cree	250	85
Vincentian	345	250
Jordanian	925	740
Manitoban	1,760	730
Cape Bretoner	420	160
Rwandan	635	450
Grenadian	350	230
Malayali	980	685
Chaldean	850	805
Sinhalese	1,285	1,115
Mayan	1,855	1,430
Honduran	1,500	1,125
Cherokee	2,920	770
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	150	55
Indo-Caribbean	385	310
Flemish	1,540	730
United Empire Loyalist	905	360
Senegalese	105	55
Azerbaijani	1,400	1,100
Sicilian	935	410
Pashtun	945	820
Malay	2,625	2,165
Goan	750	610
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	320	205
Tibetan	715	485
Zimbabwean	1,240	675
Burmese	2,225	1,825
Mongolian	1,955	1,415
Azorean	380	200
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	55	55
Indo-Guyanese	75	55
Ugandan	1,145	940
Oromo	575	400
Tanzanian	945	770
Yemeni	420	305
Central African	35	10
Libyan	650	530
Basque	1,165	630
Uruguayan	515	285
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	405	275
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	655	455
Igorot	1,330	1,060
Fulani	85	40
Woodland Cree	105	30
Guinean	135	105
St. Lucian	180	130
Prince Edward Islander	280	120
Maliseet	100	30
Beninese	100	90
Telugu	615	550
Roma	1,205	510
Costa Rican	1,075	710
African Nova Scotian	145	45
Malagasy	110	65
Kashmiri	545	460
Singaporean	2,630	2,285
Karen	980	815
Edo	205	170
Tajik	665	625
Amhara	305	280
Paraguayan	1,095	350
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	4,915,945	2,607,010
Buddhist	83,860	70,670
Christian	1,684,870	863,055
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	434,920	226,120
Anabaptist	21,275	6,960
Anglican	137,485	51,030
Baptist	57,265	26,680
Catholic	588,140	355,990
Christian Orthodox	45,135	35,340
Jehovah's Witness	25,715	9,740
Latter Day Saints	12,875	3,565
Lutheran	46,395	17,695
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	7,290	3,165
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	41,140	18,555
Presbyterian	28,040	14,190
Reformed	12,455	4,135
United Church	129,000	46,145
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	97,745	43,745
Hindu	81,320	66,530
Jewish	26,850	20,125
Muslim	125,915	110,645
Sikh	290,870	222,160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	11,570	1,865
Other religions and spiritual traditions	51,440	24,205
No religion and secular perspectives	2,559,250	1,227,760
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	4,875,955	2,585,295
Non-movers	4,169,710	2,201,935
Movers	706,245	383,360
Non-migrants	395,215	219,965
Migrants	311,030	163,390
Internal migrants	251,245	117,275
Intraprovincial migrants	187,990	91,590
Interprovincial migrants	63,250	25,685
External migrants	59,785	46,115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,699,740	2,492,425
Non-movers	2,639,500	1,416,225
Movers	2,060,245	1,076,205
Non-migrants	757,040	422,485
Migrants	1,303,200	653,725
Internal migrants	1,016,025	433,225
Intraprovincial migrants	799,455	352,105
Interprovincial migrants	216,565	81,115
External migrants	287,175	220,500
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	2,235,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	643,330	295,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,557,095	1,939,710
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	1,487,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	259,010	113,680
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,432,850	1,373,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,200,425	2,235,450
No certificate, diploma or degree	565,665	270,240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,238,000	618,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,396,755	1,346,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,197,050	558,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	323,635	125,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	133,020	57,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	190,615	67,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	711,810	340,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	161,600	92,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,199,710	787,510
Bachelor's degree	775,145	511,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	84,000	54,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	32,985	20,895
Master's degree	264,145	173,475
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	43,440	27,850
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,691,860	1,487,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	216,660	98,700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	694,785	339,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,780,415	1,048,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	838,680	406,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	217,350	87,160
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	88,765	39,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	128,590	47,265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	507,405	251,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	113,915	67,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	941,735	642,460
Bachelor's degree	610,735	414,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	63,310	42,780
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	24,675	16,140
Master's degree	212,745	147,665
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30,275	21,130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,200,425	2,235,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,803,665	888,950
Education	158,060	75,935
13. Education	158,060	75,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	109,100	73,865
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,390	9,590
50. Visual and performing arts	95,715	64,275
Humanities	143,340	90,800
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	16,850	12,250
23. English language and literature/letters	35,465	22,355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	48,620	33,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	2,860	1,400
38. Philosophy and religious studies	7,705	4,235
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,220	5,615
54. History	16,035	9,235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	3,580	2,275
Social and behavioural sciences and law	288,970	181,015
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,140	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	31,375	21,785
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,140	19,615
22. Legal professions and studies	44,255	28,505
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	6,625	3,955
42. Psychology	52,080	31,715
45. Social sciences	110,350	72,385
Business, management and public administration	493,290	302,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	645	380
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,855	11,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	461,790	290,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	106,515	66,830
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	44,910	27,200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25,655	17,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,880	1,175
40. Physical sciences	30,600	19,630
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,470	1,635
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105,555	76,280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	83,795	61,500
25. Library science	6,145	3,480
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,030	9,330
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,580	1,970
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	458,590	229,970
04. Architecture and related services	19,025	13,705
14. Engineering	119,995	90,240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	83,585	39,830
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	115	40
46. Construction trades	104,445	39,615
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	86,325	30,675
48. Precision production	45,110	15,870
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	60,510	21,905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	31,920	13,770
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,595	8,135
Health and related fields	350,930	174,055
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	27,000	14,125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	312,980	153,200
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	725	390
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10,230	6,335
Personal, protective and transportation services	121,210	52,785
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	76,425	35,450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	505	120
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,025	245
43. Security and protective services	15,820	6,585
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,425	10,385
Other¹⁷⁹	685	370
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,691,865	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	911,450	438,280
Education	99,640	51,580
13. Education	99,640	51,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85,350	59,805
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,815	7,535
50. Visual and performing arts	75,530	52,270
Humanities	103,360	68,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	12,735	9,520
23. English language and literature/letters	25,770	17,085
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,310	24,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	1,895	985
38. Philosophy and religious studies	5,780	3,245
39. Theology and religious vocations	7,845	4,030
54. History	11,615	6,970
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	2,410	1,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	226,805	146,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,220	2,525
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	26,730	18,875
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,960	15,045
22. Legal professions and studies	34,935	23,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	5,150	3,125
42. Psychology	39,250	25,160
45. Social sciences	86,555	58,470
Business, management and public administration	379,485	243,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	445	280
44. Public administration and social service professions	22,625	8,465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	356,415	234,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	77,340	50,200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	33,945	21,250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	18,520	12,625
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,545	1,005
40. Physical sciences	21,390	14,320
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,935	1,000
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,185	64,750
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	72,700	54,150
25. Library science	3,600	2,225
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,865	6,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	2,010	1,605
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	327,735	173,935
04. Architecture and related services	14,690	10,930
14. Engineering	93,760	72,485
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	57,590	28,765
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	35
46. Construction trades	74,045	29,260
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	57,950	21,730
48. Precision production	29,605	10,730
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45,705	17,030
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	23,700	10,565
03. Natural resources and conservation	22,005	6,455
Health and related fields	258,665	133,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20,980	11,170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	229,855	117,795
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	580	325
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	7,245	4,600
Personal, protective and transportation services	88,615	39,360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	56,165	26,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	305	70
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	450	110
43. Security and protective services	12,270	5,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,425	7,505
Other¹⁷⁹	535	290
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,691,865	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	911,450	438,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,780,415	1,048,860
Location of study inside Canada	1,316,405	686,455
Same as province or territory of residence	1,029,000	560,960
Different than province or territory of residence	287,405	125,495
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	464,010	362,405
Americas	84,155	59,040
United States of America	57,255	37,205
Mexico	8,850	7,220
Cuba	310	235
Haiti	20	0
Jamaica	655	275
Brazil	8,395	7,345
Colombia	2,315	1,870
Peru	945	730
Venezuela⁹⁵	815	680
Other locations of study in Americas	4,590	3,465
Europe	92,195	63,555
Belgium	755	510
France	5,075	3,900
Germany	5,805	2,705
Netherlands	2,315	1,140
Switzerland	1,915	995
Hungary	945	620
Moldova¹⁸³	455	400
Poland	2,960	2,260
Romania	3,515	2,925
Russian Federation	5,880	4,870
Ukraine	4,345	3,460
Ireland⁹⁶	5,665	4,855
United Kingdom⁸⁷	38,270	24,465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	840	720
Italy	1,610	1,190
Serbia⁸⁶	1,565	1,395
Other locations of study in Europe	10,275	7,140
Africa	12,250	7,865
Nigeria	1,315	800
Algeria	130	115
Morocco	470	255
Tunisia	160	110
Egypt	1,490	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	5,860	3,345
Other locations of study in Africa	2,825	2,000
Asia	258,905	221,415
Iran⁸⁸	16,325	15,505
Iraq	1,465	1,335
Israel	1,345	1,150
Lebanon	550	420
Syria⁸⁹	805	615
Turkey	1,680	1,435
China⁹⁰	59,350	55,615
Taiwan	8,905	8,345
Hong Kong⁹¹	7,025	6,780
Japan	8,185	6,510
Korea, South⁹²	19,605	17,035
Philippines	55,140	44,305
Viet Nam	2,145	1,695
Bangladesh	1,135	945
Sri Lanka	975	890
India	60,565	47,280
Pakistan	3,935	3,380
Other locations of study in Asia	9,780	8,165
Oceania	16,505	10,530
Australia	12,315	7,745
New Zealand	3,340	2,045
Other locations of study in Oceania	855	735
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,200,425	2,235,450
In the labour force	2,657,275	1,468,220
Employed	2,433,600	1,341,570
Unemployed	223,675	126,650
Not in the labour force	1,543,145	767,230
Participation rate	63.3	65.7
Employment rate	57.9	60.0
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,200,425	2,235,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,563,830	793,200
Worked	2,636,595	1,442,245
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,350,335	756,970
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,286,260	685,280
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,657,275	1,468,220
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	32,920
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,435,305
Employee	2,144,475	1,189,685
Permanent position	1,788,175	991,085
Temporary position	356,305	198,600
Fixed term (1 year or more)	116,190	74,240
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	240,110	124,360
Self-employed¹⁹²	458,635	245,620
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,657,275	1,468,220
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	32,920
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,435,305
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	32,255	20,140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	446,160	274,800
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	209,185	137,100
3 Health occupations	199,185	103,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	309,360	167,840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	110,585	74,525
6 Sales and service occupations	666,705	366,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	469,450	227,715
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,075	18,980
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	88,155	44,875
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,657,275	1,468,220
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	54,165	32,920
All industries¹⁹¹	2,603,110	1,435,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	60,320	12,760
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	24,955	4,030
22 Utilities	14,820	8,120
23 Construction	234,345	114,600
31-33 Manufacturing	152,790	83,255
41 Wholesale trade	80,165	54,360
44-45 Retail trade	301,060	159,825
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	142,230	86,180
51 Information and cultural industries	71,295	55,000
52 Finance and insurance	95,560	66,980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	59,155	38,130
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	238,650	160,590
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,785	4,050
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	110,215	59,880
61 Educational services	192,855	110,765
62 Health care and social assistance	319,525	163,115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60,775	32,895
72 Accommodation and food services	182,105	96,660
81 Other services (except public administration)	113,780	61,285
91 Public administration	142,730	62,815
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,855,890	1,564,385
English	2,617,625	1,367,865
French	3,090	1,520
Non-official language	52,925	45,845
Indigenous³⁹	140	20
Non-Indigenous	52,790	45,830
English and French	21,550	11,770
English and non-official language(s)	154,255	131,765
French and non-official language(s)	80	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,520	1,825
Multiple non-official languages	3,840	3,715
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,855,890	1,564,385
Single responses	2,820,225	1,533,680
Official languages	2,726,710	1,451,660
English	2,720,275	1,448,340
French	6,430	3,320
Non-official languages	93,520	82,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	290	30
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	125	10
Halkomelem	35	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	0
Squamish	10	10
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	40	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	0
Nisga'a	10	0
Tsimshian	15	0
Wakashan languages	40	10
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	93,230	81,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	435
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	500	420
Amharic	20	20
Arabic	355	310
Aramaic languages	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	60	50
Tigrigna	45	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,720	2,065
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10
Vietnamese	2,695	2,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	855	780
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	20	15
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	40	40
Indonesian	85	85
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	615
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	60
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	15	0
Tamil	55	55
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	23,100
Albanian	20	20
Armenian	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	915	810
Baltic languages	15	0
Latvian	15	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	900	805
Bulgarian	10	10
Czech	25	20
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	85	75
Russian	645	575
Serbo-Croatian	90	80
Bosnian	10	0
Croatian	10	10
Serbian	75	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	680	175
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	450	135
German	400	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	50	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	15
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	85	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	105	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	25
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	20	15
Swedish	15	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	50	45
Indo-Iranian languages	25,450	19,215
Indo-Aryan languages	23,425	17,275
Bengali	10	10
Gujarati	10	10
Hindi	555	490
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,730	16,665
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	100	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	2,020	1,945
Kurdish	25	25
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	1,985	1,915
Dari	110	100
Iranian Persian	1,710

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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