Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	WhitbyMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	138,501
Population, 2016¹	128,377
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9
Total private dwellings²	47,389
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,460
Population density per square kilometre	944.1
Land area in square kilometres	146.69
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	138,505
0 to 14 years	26,425
0 to 4 years	7,345
5 to 9 years	8,965
10 to 14 years	10,110
15 to 64 years	91,640
15 to 19 years	9,620
20 to 24 years	8,160
25 to 29 years	7,165
30 to 34 years	8,320
35 to 39 years	9,810
40 to 44 years	9,850
45 to 49 years	10,500
50 to 54 years	10,010
55 to 59 years	10,085
60 to 64 years	8,110
65 years and over	20,440
65 to 69 years	6,370
70 to 74 years	5,330
75 to 79 years	3,555
80 to 84 years	2,345
85 years and over	2,830
85 to 89 years	1,680
90 to 94 years	915
95 to 99 years	200
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1
15 to 64 years	66.2
65 years and over	14.8
85 years and over	2.0
Average age of the population	39.5
Median age of the population	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,460
Single-detached house	32,300
Semi-detached house	1,385
Row house	6,135
Apartment or flat in a duplex	870
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,440
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,305
Other single-attached house	20
Movable dwelling⁴	10
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,460
1 person	8,010
2 persons	12,775
3 persons	8,990
4 persons	10,525
5 or more persons	6,150
Number of persons in private households	136,665
Average household size	2.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	112,075
Married or living common-law	67,085
Married	59,440
Living common-law	7,640
Living common law - Never married	4,980
Living common law - Separated	505
Living common law - Divorced	1,950
Living common law - Widowed	205
Not married and not living common-law	44,995
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,975
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,605
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,295
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,250
2 persons	15,015
3 persons	9,510
4 persons	10,620
5 or more persons	4,100
Average size of census families	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,250
Total couple families	32,880
Married couples	29,055
With children⁶	19,550
Without children	9,510
Common-law couples	3,815
With children⁶	1,800
Without children	2,020
Total one-parent families	6,370
in which the parent is a woman+	5,045
in which the parent is a man+	1,330
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	136,665
Total - Persons in census families	122,660
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,750
Parents in one-parent families	6,375
Children⁶	50,535
In a two-parent family	40,260
In a one-parent family	10,270
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,005
Living alone	8,010
Living with other relatives⁷	3,375
Living with non-relatives only	2,625
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,460
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,800
Couple-family households	28,185
With children⁶	18,625
Without children	9,560
One-parent-family households	4,615
Multigenerational households⁸	2,580
Multiple-census-family households⁹	460
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,595
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,015
One-person households	8,010
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	110,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,005
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,075
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,610
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,700
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,985
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,160
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	110,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,980
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,045
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,670
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,700
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,125
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,010
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	110,265
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,580
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,510
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	110,265
Without total income	5,260
With total income	105,005
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,340
$10,000 to $19,999	11,230
$20,000 to $29,999	13,785
$30,000 to $39,999	10,680
$40,000 to $49,999	9,445
$50,000 to $59,999	8,390
$60,000 to $69,999	7,280
$70,000 to $79,999	6,265
$80,000 to $89,999	5,245
$90,000 to $99,999	4,855
$100,000 and over	18,485
$100,000 to $149,999	12,600
$150,000 and over	5,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	110,265
Without after-tax income	5,195
With after-tax income	105,070
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,810
$10,000 to $19,999	11,765
$20,000 to $29,999	15,510
$30,000 to $39,999	12,435
$40,000 to $49,999	11,385
$50,000 to $59,999	10,015
$60,000 to $69,999	7,930
$70,000 to $79,999	6,840
$80,000 to $89,999	6,200
$90,000 to $99,999	3,900
$100,000 and over	9,280
$100,000 to $124,999	5,000
$125,000 and over	4,285
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	110,265
Without employment income	29,565
With employment income	80,695
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,060
$5,000 to $9,999	6,125
$10,000 to $19,999	8,025
$20,000 to $29,999	5,465
$30,000 to $39,999	5,020
$40,000 to $49,999	5,480
$50,000 to $59,999	5,285
$60,000 to $69,999	5,050
$70,000 to $79,999	4,520
$80,000 to $89,999	4,115
$90,000 to $99,999	4,505
$100,000 and over	15,025
$100,000 to $124,999	6,905
$125,000 and over	8,115
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	110,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,500
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,550
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,225
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,790
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,805
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,510
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	110,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,570
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,630
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,510
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,070
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,655
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	110,265
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,900
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0
Employment income (%)	78.0
Government transfers (%)	9.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,460
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,010
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,450
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,460
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	142,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,990
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,350
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,470
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	159,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,460
Under $5,000	225
$5,000 to $9,999	115
$10,000 to $14,999	305
$15,000 to $19,999	425
$20,000 to $24,999	885
$25,000 to $29,999	845
$30,000 to $34,999	780
$35,000 to $39,999	840
$40,000 to $44,999	1,025
$45,000 to $49,999	1,005
$50,000 to $59,999	2,175
$60,000 to $69,999	2,280
$70,000 to $79,999	2,375
$80,000 to $89,999	2,300
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420
$100,000 and over	28,465
$100,000 to $124,999	5,800
$125,000 to $149,999	5,290
$150,000 to $199,999	8,065
$200,000 and over	9,310
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,460
Under $5,000	265
$5,000 to $9,999	120
$10,000 to $14,999	325
$15,000 to $19,999	455
$20,000 to $24,999	925
$25,000 to $29,999	960
$30,000 to $34,999	890
$35,000 to $39,999	1,090
$40,000 to $44,999	1,160
$45,000 to $49,999	1,250
$50,000 to $59,999	2,715
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795
$70,000 to $79,999	2,920
$80,000 to $89,999	3,095
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975
$100,000 and over	24,515
$100,000 to $124,999	7,055
$125,000 to $149,999	5,750
$150,000 and over	11,720
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,840
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,750
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,440
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,635
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,845
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	158,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,760
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,440
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,605
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,635
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	136,665
0 to 17 years	32,365
0 to 5 years	9,065
18 to 64 years	85,220
65 years and over	19,080
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,365
0 to 17 years	2,005
0 to 5 years	575
18 to 64 years	3,910
65 years and over	1,445
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6
65 years and over (%)	7.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	136,665
0 to 17 years	32,360
0 to 5 years	9,065
18 to 64 years	85,220
65 years and over	19,080
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,975
0 to 17 years	690
0 to 5 years	185
18 to 64 years	2,005
65 years and over	275
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	136,665
In bottom half of the distribution	44,845
In bottom decile	6,560
In second decile	7,610
In third decile	8,895
In fourth decile	9,900
In fifth decile	11,885
In top half of the distribution	91,820
In sixth decile	13,690
In seventh decile	15,500
In eighth decile	18,370
In ninth decile	21,855
In top decile	22,400
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	136,665
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.392
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	137,135
English only	123,965
French only	110
English and French	11,425
Neither English nor French	1,635
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	137,135
English	133,040
French	1,865
English and French	650
Neither English nor French	1,575
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	137,135
Single responses	131,270
Official languages	105,280
English	103,470
French	1,810
Non-official languages	25,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,155
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	40
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,105
Amharic	40
Arabic	945
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	10
Hebrew	20
Maltese	55
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,455
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	50
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,280
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	110
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	10
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	3,065
Kannada	65
Malayalam	350
Tamil	2,235
Telugu	415
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,370
Albanian	85
Armenian	90
Balto-Slavic languages	2,150
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	2,115
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	40
Czech	65
Macedonian	340
Polish	635
Russian	360
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	315
Bosnian	20
Croatian	100
Serbian	190
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	75
Ukrainian	195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,100
Frisian	10
High German languages	520
German	505
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	505
Afrikaans	45
Dutch	450
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	5
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	65
Danish	25
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	5
Swedish	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	550
Indo-Iranian languages	7,305
Indo-Aryan languages	5,705
Assamese	15
Bengali	660
Gujarati	700
Hindi	915
Kacchi	50
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	30
Marathi	130
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	40
Odia	35
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165
Urdu	2,335
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	1,600
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	25
Parsi	0
Pashto	150
Persian languages	1,415
Dari	905
Iranian Persian	385
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,080
Catalan	5
Italian	1,330
Portuguese	840
Romanian	415
Spanish	1,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	65
Korean	320
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	365
Akan (Twi)	65
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	15
Ndebele	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	15
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	45
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,360
Chinese languages	3,350
Hakka	35
Mandarin	2,065
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	1,165
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	15
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	105
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	90
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	320
Estonian	25
Finnish	40
Hungarian	250
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,860
English and French	805
English and non-official language(s)	4,465
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	125
Multiple non-official languages	380
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	137,135
English	106,240
French	465
Non-official language	5,970
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,970
English and French	1,850
English and non-official language(s)	21,190
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	845
Multiple non-official languages	530
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	137,135
Single responses	131,375
Official languages	118,120
English	117,430
French	695
Non-official languages	13,255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	550
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	530
Amharic	15
Arabic	455
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	5
Hebrew	10
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	595
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	2,090
Kannada	30
Malayalam	210
Tamil	1,630
Telugu	220
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,950
Albanian	35
Armenian	40
Balto-Slavic languages	745
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	735
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	15
Macedonian	110
Polish	190
Russian	195
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	120
Bosnian	10
Croatian	25
Serbian	90
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	90
Frisian	0
High German languages	40
German	40
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	125
Indo-Iranian languages	4,450
Indo-Aryan languages	3,460
Assamese	5
Bengali	370
Gujarati	435
Hindi	525
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	15
Marathi	65
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	20
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	375
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90
Urdu	1,520
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	990
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	70
Persian languages	900
Dari	555
Iranian Persian	250
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,465
Catalan	0
Italian	275
Portuguese	300
Romanian	195
Spanish	695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	220
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	100
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,370
Chinese languages	2,360
Hakka	5
Mandarin	1,565
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	750
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	5
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	55
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	45
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	70
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	65
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,760
English and French	415
English and non-official language(s)	5,135
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	105
Multiple non-official languages	70
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	137,135
None	117,320
English	5,985
French	1,470
Non-official language	9,770
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	9,765
English and French	80
English and non-official language(s)	965
French and non-official language(s)	395
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,135
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	136,665
Official languages	135,035
English	134,930
French	11,500
Non-official languages	36,555
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,540
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,005
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	25
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	75
Bilen	0
Oromo	15
Somali	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,965
Amharic	100
Arabic	1,635
Aramaic languages	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	30
Hebrew	50
Maltese	125
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,065
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	60
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	85
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,930
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	350
Haitian Creole	90
Jamaican English Creole	55
Krio	10
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	105
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65
Dravidian languages	4,725
Kannada	235
Malayalam	600
Tamil	3,540
Telugu	780
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	22,075
Albanian	130
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	2,870
Baltic languages	60
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	2,825
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	85
Czech	100
Macedonian	660
Polish	780
Russian	585
Rusyn	25
Serbo-Croatian	415
Bosnian	10
Croatian	200
Serbian	255
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	80
Slovene (Slovenian)	100
Ukrainian	325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	35
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,830
Frisian	20
High German languages	965
German	965
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	790
Afrikaans	100
Dutch	665
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	150
Danish	35
Icelandic	25
Norwegian	25
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	975
Indo-Iranian languages	10,530
Indo-Aryan languages	8,780
Assamese	30
Bengali	860
Gujarati	995
Hindi	3,765
Kacchi	55
Kashmiri	25
Konkani	65
Marathi	365
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	95
Odia	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	225
Urdu	3,660
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65
Iranian languages	2,070
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	30
Parsi	0
Pashto	285
Persian languages	1,890
Dari	1,415
Iranian Persian	350
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,100
Catalan	0
Italian	2,005
Portuguese	1,235
Romanian	510
Spanish	2,595
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	190
Korean	440
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,040
Akan (Twi)	175
Bamanankan	10
Edo	10
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	45
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	110
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35
Lingala	80
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	205
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	40
Yoruba	320
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	205
American Sign Language	195
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,060
Chinese languages	4,040
Hakka	60
Mandarin	2,895
Min Dong	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	1,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	100
Lao	45
Thai	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	190
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	170
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	390
Estonian	25
Finnish	65
Hungarian	295
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	136,665
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,085
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,000
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,045
Métis	890
Inuk (Inuit)	60
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65
Non-Indigenous identity	134,580
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	136,665
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	555
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	136,110
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,460
Owner	38,125
Renter	8,330
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,460
Condominium	3,635
Not condominium	42,825
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,460
No bedrooms	155
1 bedroom	2,890
2 bedrooms	4,805
3 bedrooms	17,880
4 or more bedrooms	20,730
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,460
1 to 4 rooms	6,840
5 rooms	5,610
6 rooms	7,185
7 rooms	6,805
8 or more rooms	20,025
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,460
One person or fewer per room	45,670
More than one person per room	785
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,460
Suitable	44,445
Not suitable	2,020
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,460
1960 or before	3,810
1961 to 1980	7,700
1981 to 1990	7,925
1991 to 2000	8,910
2001 to 2005	7,430
2006 to 2010	4,545
2011 to 2015	2,915
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,220
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,460
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,975
Major repairs needed	1,485
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,460
One-maintainer household	18,955
Two-maintainer household	25,035
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,460
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,460
15 to 24 years	180
25 to 34 years	4,370
35 to 44 years	9,560
45 to 54 years	11,225
55 to 64 years	10,065
65 to 74 years	6,530
75 to 84 years	3,255
85 years and over	1,270
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,335
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,450
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,885
30% to less than 100%	9,145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,460
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,510
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,145
Not suitable only	1,580
Major repairs needed only	960
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	305
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	390
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
Acceptable housing	33,950
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,595
In core need	3,750
Not in core need	41,845
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,100
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.4
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,020
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,048
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	894,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,335
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.5
% in core housing need⁶³	25.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	136,665
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	460
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	455
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	290
Métis single ancestry	155
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,825
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,775
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,830
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	875
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	133,380
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	136,665
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	128,075
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	96,950
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,585
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	136,665
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,805
Immigrants⁸¹	37,985
Before 1980	9,300
1980 to 1990	4,580
1991 to 2000	7,120
2001 to 2010	8,305
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,675
2011 to 2015	4,010
2016 to 2021	4,665
Non-permanent residents⁸³	880
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	37,985
Under 5 years	4,150
5 to 14 years	7,505
15 to 24 years	7,510
25 to 44 years	16,260
45 years and over	2,560
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	37,985
Americas	8,595
Brazil	305
Colombia	250
El Salvador	105
Guyana	1,475
Haiti	105
Jamaica	2,770
Mexico	225
Peru	55
Trinidad and Tobago	1,025
United States of America	945
Other places of birth in Americas	1,345
Europe	9,170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50
Croatia	90
France	95
Germany	435
Greece	320
Hungary	155
Italy	820
Netherlands	500
Poland	535
Portugal	410
Romania	400
Russian Federation	160
Serbia⁸⁶	105
Ukraine	170
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,645
Other places of birth in Europe	1,275
Africa	2,310
Algeria	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85
Egypt	335
Eritrea	30
Ethiopia	110
Morocco	40
Nigeria	490
Somalia	40
South Africa, Republic of	210
Other places of birth in Africa	945
Asia	17,765
Afghanistan	1,035
Iran⁸⁸	355
Iraq	135
Lebanon	315
Syria⁸⁹	120
Turkey	55
China⁹⁰	2,180
Hong Kong⁹¹	410
Korea, South⁹²	295
Taiwan	55
Philippines	2,110
Viet Nam	210
Bangladesh	500
India	4,890
Pakistan	2,010
Sri Lanka	1,935
Other places of birth in Asia	1,150
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,665
Americas	615
Brazil	95
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	160
Mexico	50
United States of America	140
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other places of birth in Americas	145
Europe	210
France	10
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20
Italy	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70
Other places of birth in Europe	70
Africa	305
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	50
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	0
Nigeria	145
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40
Asia	3,520
Afghanistan	155
Bangladesh	60
China⁹⁰	355
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
India	1,930
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	20
Jordan	20
Korea, South⁹²	45
Lebanon	35
Nepal	0
Pakistan	270
Philippines	305
Saudi Arabia	30
Sri Lanka	70
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	25
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	136,665
First generation¹⁰⁰	39,950
Second generation¹⁰¹	37,635
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,080
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,685
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	14,545
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,770
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,775
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,445
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,320
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,685
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,100
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,245
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	740
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,340
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	125
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	21,130
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	136,665
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	48,325
South Asian	16,365
Chinese	4,910
Black	12,395
Filipino	3,570
Arab	1,350
Latin American	1,655
Southeast Asian	660
West Asian	2,155
Korean	520
Japanese	325
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,870
Multiple visible minorities	2,550
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,340
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	136,665
Canadian	18,700
English	27,230
Irish	23,335
Scottish	22,795
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,385
German	8,410
Chinese	5,890
Italian	8,790
Indian (India)	8,170
Ukrainian	3,365
Dutch	4,600
Polish	4,110
Québécois	160
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,595
Filipino	3,795
French Canadian	1,645
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,735
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	970
Métis	1,085
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,055
Russian	1,170
Norwegian	520
Welsh	2,160
Portuguese	3,495
American	1,450
Spanish	1,610
Swedish	540
Hungarian	1,405
Acadian	295
Pakistani	2,810
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,980
Jewish	560
Punjabi	375
Vietnamese	415
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	675
Greek	2,310
Jamaican	4,790
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	940
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85
Korean	520
Romanian	810
Lebanese	735
Iranian	405
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	765
Danish	540
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	395
Sikh	245
Austrian	780
Belgian	415
Haitian	145
Hindu	1,180
Mexican	420
Mennonite	90
Swiss	355
Finnish	710
Sri Lankan	1,810
Croatian	480
Japanese	455
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,000
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	270
Muslim	660
Egyptian	465
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	460
Tamil	1,630
Icelandic	140
Colombian	290
Moroccan	100
Czech	400
Syrian	215
Guyanese	2,200
Afghan	1,580
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,040
Serbian	355
Ojibway	150
Newfoundlander	430
Hong Konger	150
Ontarian	565
Persian	230
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,360
Turkish	235
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80
Bangladeshi	455
Algerian	35
Brazilian	355
Nigerian	445
Armenian	200
Slovak	360
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	255
Somali	65
Taiwanese	100
Iraqi	70
Salvadorean	155
African Caribbean	1,195
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	280
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	210
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	855
Algonquin	130
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	965
Lithuanian	225
South African	290
Australian	190
Palestinian	175
Chilean	165
Congolese	100
Nova Scotian	100
Ethiopian	155
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	145
Peruvian	95
Yoruba	190
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	45
Albanian	155
Maltese	630
Macedonian	1,165
Slovenian	315
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65
New Brunswicker	85
Gujarati	200
Eritrean	45
African Canadian	485
Israeli	70
Mohawk	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95
Bulgarian	130
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	195
Barbadian	610
African American	230
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	200
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180
Cuban	160
Bosnian	30
Venezuelan	130
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	120
Bengali	145
Cameroonian	40
Guatemalan	80
Indonesian	135
Laotian	60
Ilocano	65
Northern Irish	410
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	105
Franco Ontarian	55
Argentinian	80
Estonian	260
Kurdish	0
Fijian	30
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100
Coptic	175
Thai	90
Dominican	90
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	30
Igbo	140
Byelorussian	60
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	80
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90
Malaysian	50
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	40
Buddhist	40
Gaspesian	10
Norman	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	110
Ivorian	25
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	65
Mauritian	45
Kenyan	90
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	230
Jordanian	70
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	45
Rwandan	35
Grenadian	180
Malayali	130
Chaldean	35
Sinhalese	130
Mayan	35
Honduran	25
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	140
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	50
Senegalese	50
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	160
Pashtun	60
Malay	45
Goan	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	65
Burmese	25
Mongolian	10
Azorean	20
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	195
Ugandan	55
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	30
Yemeni	70
Central African	0
Libyan	20
Basque	0
Uruguayan	40
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25
Igorot	25
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	25
St. Lucian	190
Prince Edward Islander	30
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	55
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	55
Singaporean	30
Karen	0
Edo	30
Tajik	30
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	136,665
Buddhist	900
Christian	74,270
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,700
Anabaptist	35
Anglican	6,745
Baptist	1,510
Catholic	35,155
Christian Orthodox	3,655
Jehovah's Witness	290
Latter Day Saints	160
Lutheran	730
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	530
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,650
Presbyterian	1,970
Reformed	275
United Church	5,780
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,090
Hindu	7,390
Jewish	455
Muslim	9,145
Sikh	670
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	615
No religion and secular perspectives	43,205
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	135,415
Non-movers	121,555
Movers	13,860
Non-migrants	4,830
Migrants	9,035
Internal migrants	8,415
Intraprovincial migrants	8,220
Interprovincial migrants	195
External migrants	620
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	129,320
Non-movers	84,605
Movers	44,715
Non-migrants	10,855
Migrants	33,855
Internal migrants	29,855
Intraprovincial migrants	28,815
Interprovincial migrants	1,040
External migrants	4,005
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,090
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,180
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,480
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,835
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,650
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,870
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,880
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,515
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,340
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,445
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,895
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,605
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,265
Bachelor's degree	23,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,085
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645
Master's degree	6,605
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	620
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,485
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,855
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,245
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,695
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,730
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,965
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,625
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,925
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,605
Bachelor's degree	19,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,700
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	530
Master's degree	5,820
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	510
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	110,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,750
Education	3,910
13. Education	3,910
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	410
50. Visual and performing arts	2,060
Humanities	3,280
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	300
23. English language and literature/letters	885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,065
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	215
54. History	485
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,535
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,360
22. Legal professions and studies	1,690
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230
42. Psychology	1,745
45. Social sciences	3,290
Business, management and public administration	15,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,525
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,745
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,040
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	775
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105
40. Physical sciences	690
41. Science technologies/technicians	120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,525
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,930
25. Library science	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	420
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,815
04. Architecture and related services	535
14. Engineering	3,505
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,820
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,025
48. Precision production	825
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565
03. Natural resources and conservation	375
Health and related fields	8,790
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,395
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,790
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,695
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	1,655
49. Transportation and materials moving	425
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,630
Education	3,000
13. Education	3,000
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,915
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285
50. Visual and performing arts	1,625
Humanities	2,515
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245
23. English language and literature/letters	665
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	855
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	385
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,890
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	935
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055
22. Legal professions and studies	1,440
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180
42. Psychology	1,375
45. Social sciences	2,800
Business, management and public administration	12,915
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	945
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	860
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	615
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95
40. Physical sciences	515
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,040
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,585
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	315
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	105
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,050
04. Architecture and related services	430
14. Engineering	2,890
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,455
48. Precision production	565
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430
03. Natural resources and conservation	305
Health and related fields	6,680
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	860
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,640
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,940
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	1,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	340
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	73,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	52,855
Location of study inside Canada	42,085
Same as province or territory of residence	39,830
Different than province or territory of residence	2,250
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,765
Americas	2,340
United States of America	1,390
Mexico	95
Cuba	20
Haiti	10
Jamaica	200
Brazil	215
Colombia	85
Peru	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	65
Other locations of study in Americas	250
Europe	1,825
Belgium	10
France	70
Germany	55
Netherlands	35
Switzerland	20
Hungary	35
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	85
Romania	175
Russian Federation	100
Ukraine	80
Ireland⁹⁶	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	885
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	20
Serbia⁸⁶	40
Other locations of study in Europe	155
Africa	505
Nigeria	180
Algeria	0
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	150
South Africa, Republic of	75
Other locations of study in Africa	85
Asia	5,875
Iran⁸⁸	80
Iraq	45
Israel	0
Lebanon	35
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	25
China⁹⁰	695
Taiwan	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
Japan	40
Korea, South⁹²	100
Philippines	865
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	175
Sri Lanka	120
India	2,705
Pakistan	750
Other locations of study in Asia	145
Oceania	215
Australia	180
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	110,265
In the labour force	73,915
Employed	64,840
Unemployed	9,070
Not in the labour force	36,350
Participation rate	67.0
Employment rate	58.8
Unemployment rate	12.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	110,265
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,485
Worked	72,780
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,410
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,365
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	73,910
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,250
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,660
Employee	62,455
Permanent position	53,750
Temporary position	8,705
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,615
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,090
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,210
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	73,910
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,250
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,660
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	945
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,790
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,400
3 Health occupations	5,100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,515
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,365
6 Sales and service occupations	17,555
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,500
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	925
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,570
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	73,910
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,250
All industries¹⁹¹	71,660
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	410
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130
22 Utilities	1,615
23 Construction	5,115
31-33 Manufacturing	4,555
41 Wholesale trade	2,535
44-45 Retail trade	8,120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,050
51 Information and cultural industries	2,065
52 Finance and insurance	5,910
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,545
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,565
55 Management of companies and enterprises	470
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,265
61 Educational services	5,995
62 Health care and social assistance	8,180
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,485
72 Accommodation and food services	3,560
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,740
91 Public administration	4,355
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,860
English	74,710
French	215
Non-official language	310
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	310
English and French	1,100
English and non-official language(s)	1,425
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,860
Single responses	77,460
Official languages	76,830
English	76,475
French	355
Non-official languages	630
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	630
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	60
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	50
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	140
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85
Indo-Aryan languages	60
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375
Chinese languages	375
Hakka	0
Mandarin	290
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	400
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	200
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,860
None	75,595
English	405
French	785
Non-official language	840
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	840
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	140
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,840
Worked at home	22,440
Worked outside Canada	165
No fixed workplace address	7,025
Usual place of work	35,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,210
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,390
Commute to a different province or territory	90
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,240
Car, truck or van	37,285
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,180
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,105
Public transit	2,555
Walked	1,045
Bicycle	105
Other method	1,255
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,240
Less than 15 minutes	10,445
15 to 29 minutes	11,860
30 to 44 minutes	8,235
45 to 59 minutes	5,505
60 minutes and over	6,195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,040
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,070
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,270
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,030
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,155
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,845
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30,175
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	25,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,265
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,255
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,010
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,795

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 17, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table