Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Woodstock, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	46,705	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	41,098^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.6	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,528	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,886	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	827.2	...	...	827.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	56.46	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	46,705	22,815	23,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,235	4,190	4,040	17.6	18.4	16.9
0 to 4 years	2,715	1,390	1,320	5.8	6.1	5.5
5 to 9 years	2,875	1,475	1,405	6.2	6.5	5.9
10 to 14 years	2,645	1,330	1,315	5.7	5.8	5.5
15 to 64 years	29,325	14,625	14,700	62.8	64.1	61.5
15 to 19 years	2,485	1,255	1,230	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	2,455	1,280	1,180	5.3	5.6	4.9
25 to 29 years	3,035	1,525	1,515	6.5	6.7	6.3
30 to 34 years	3,415	1,705	1,710	7.3	7.5	7.2
35 to 39 years	3,300	1,675	1,625	7.1	7.3	6.8
40 to 44 years	3,020	1,525	1,500	6.5	6.7	6.3
45 to 49 years	2,750	1,405	1,350	5.9	6.2	5.6
50 to 54 years	2,650	1,305	1,340	5.7	5.7	5.6
55 to 59 years	3,170	1,540	1,630	6.8	6.7	6.8
60 to 64 years	3,045	1,415	1,630	6.5	6.2	6.8
65 years and over	9,150	3,990	5,150	19.6	17.5	21.6
65 to 69 years	2,640	1,230	1,405	5.7	5.4	5.9
70 to 74 years	2,330	1,055	1,280	5.0	4.6	5.4
75 to 79 years	1,660	740	920	3.6	3.2	3.9
80 to 84 years	1,175	495	680	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	1,335	470	870	2.9	2.1	3.6
85 to 89 years	800	300	495	1.7	1.3	2.1
90 to 94 years	415	140	275	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	110	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.4	16.9	17.6	18.4	16.9
15 to 64 years	62.8	64.1	61.5	62.8	64.1	61.5
65 years and over	19.6	17.5	21.6	19.6	17.5	21.6
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	41.6	40.3	42.8	41.6	40.3	42.8
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	42.0	40.8	39.2	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,855	...	...	57.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,455	...	...	7.7	...	...
Row house	2,205	...	...	11.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	385	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,285	...	...	12.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,680	...	...	8.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,295	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	6,585	...	...	34.9	...	...
3 persons	2,900	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	2,565	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,540	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,475	18,620	19,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,515	11,255	11,260	58.5	60.4	56.7
Married	17,905	8,970	8,935	46.5	48.2	45.0
Living common-law	4,610	2,285	2,325	12.0	12.3	11.7
Living common law - Never married	3,040	1,525	1,515	7.9	8.2	7.6
Living common law - Separated	355	180	180	0.9	1.0	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	1,070	530	540	2.8	2.8	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	145	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	15,955	7,360	8,595	41.5	39.5	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,460	5,260	4,195	24.6	28.2	21.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,320	555	760	3.4	3.0	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,585	1,025	1,560	6.7	5.5	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,590	520	2,075	6.7	2.8	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,980	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	2,935	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	2,470	...	...	18.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,025	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,055	...	...	82.4	...	...
Married couples	8,750	...	...	65.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,450	...	...	33.2	...	...
Without children	4,295	...	...	32.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,300	...	...	17.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,015	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	1,285	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,355	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,815	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	540	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	45,945	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	38,155	18,810	19,345	83.0	83.5	82.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,105	11,030	11,070	48.1	49.0	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	2,360	535	1,820	5.1	2.4	7.8
Children⁶	13,695	7,240	6,450	29.8	32.1	27.5
In a two-parent family	10,040	5,275	4,765	21.9	23.4	20.3
In a one-parent family	3,650	1,965	1,685	7.9	8.7	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,790	3,715	4,075	17.0	16.5	17.4
Living alone	5,295	2,380	2,910	11.5	10.6	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,085	475	610	2.4	2.1	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,410	855	555	3.1	3.8	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,670	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	9,885	...	...	52.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,855	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	5,025	...	...	26.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,790	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	565	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	640	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	605	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	5,295	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,520	17,725	18,790	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,400	42,000	49,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,540	17,740	18,800	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,200	38,000	43,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,395	16,215	16,180	85.9	88.4	83.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	27,200	36,000	45,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,395	13,905	12,490	70.0	75.8	64.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,800	30,800	38,800	46,800	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,390	15,885	17,500	88.5	86.6	90.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	7,250	12,000	9,600	7,250	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,745	1,610	2,135	9.9	8.8	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,640	5,480	5,400	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,405	5,135	5,265	27.6	28.0	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,635	17,725	18,910	97.1	96.6	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,400	56,500	42,760	49,400	56,500	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,655	17,740	18,915	97.2	96.7	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,360	37,600	42,320	47,360	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,405	16,150	16,255	85.9	88.1	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	52,700	35,840	44,240	52,700	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,390	13,745	12,645	70.0	74.9	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	51,750	36,880	44,640	51,750	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,460	15,855	17,605	88.7	86.5	90.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,280	9,520	12,880	11,280	9,520	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,780	1,620	2,155	10.0	8.8	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,200	7,350	6,860	6,200	7,350
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,460	5,165	5,295	27.7	28.2	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,700	8,620	8,170	7,700	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,295	7,195	5,100	32.6	39.2	26.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	64,500	53,200	60,000	64,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	73,200	59,250	67,400	73,200	59,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,655	4,870	5,785	28.2	26.6	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	26,400	17,400	20,800	26,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,640	32,440	23,580	27,640	32,440	23,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	85.0	72.0	79.2	85.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	71.0	57.7	65.0	71.0	57.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	15.1	28.0	20.8	15.1	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.4	6.9	5.5	4.4	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.6	4.7	4.0	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,205	610	595	3.2	3.3	3.1
With total income	36,520	17,730	18,790	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,510	985	1,520	6.9	5.6	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,390	1,630	2,755	12.0	9.2	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,595	2,230	3,365	15.3	12.6	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,780	2,075	2,705	13.1	11.7	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,645	2,120	2,525	12.7	12.0	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	2,060	2,030	11.2	11.6	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,095	1,785	1,310	8.5	10.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,300	835	5.8	7.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,510	985	525	4.1	5.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	715	350	2.9	4.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,695	1,830	865	7.4	10.3	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,005	1,310	700	5.5	7.4	3.7
$150,000 and over	685	515	165	1.9	2.9	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,185	600	585	3.1	3.3	3.0
With after-tax income	36,540	17,740	18,800	96.9	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,625	1,025	1,600	7.2	5.8	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,560	1,710	2,850	12.5	9.6	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,300	2,515	3,785	17.2	14.2	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,880	2,670	3,210	16.1	15.1	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,715	2,830	2,885	15.6	16.0	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,210	2,335	1,880	11.5	13.2	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,670	1,620	1,045	7.3	9.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,750	1,175	575	4.8	6.6	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095	655	435	3.0	3.7	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	600	390	210	1.6	2.2	1.1
$100,000 and over	1,145	820	325	3.1	4.6	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	635	430	205	1.7	2.4	1.1
$125,000 and over	515	390	125	1.4	2.2	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,330	4,435	6,900	30.0	24.2	35.6
With employment income	26,390	13,900	12,490	70.0	75.8	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,495	1,685	1,815	13.2	12.1	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,935	760	1,175	7.3	5.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,035	1,250	1,785	11.5	9.0	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,435	1,105	1,335	9.2	7.9	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,625	1,205	1,420	9.9	8.7	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,905	1,460	1,440	11.0	10.5	11.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,610	1,475	1,135	9.9	10.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,025	1,260	760	7.7	9.1	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	950	445	5.3	6.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,090	755	340	4.1	5.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	800	545	250	3.0	3.9	2.0
$100,000 and over	2,045	1,460	585	7.7	10.5	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,190	810	385	4.5	5.8	3.1
$125,000 and over	855	655	200	3.2	4.7	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,010	17,480	18,530	95.5	95.3	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	33,600	40,400	48,400	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,020	17,480	18,540	95.5	95.3	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,400	31,000	36,400	42,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,265	16,125	16,140	85.5	87.9	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	29,200	37,600	47,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,590	13,990	12,600	70.5	76.3	65.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,800	32,400	40,000	48,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,640	14,955	16,690	83.9	81.5	86.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	1,190	7,950	4,560	1,190	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,905	1,180	1,725	7.7	6.4	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,640	5,640	5,360	4,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,065	17,450	18,615	95.6	95.1	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,280	55,000	40,000	47,280	55,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,075	17,450	18,625	95.6	95.1	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,320	45,880	35,080	40,320	45,880	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,335	16,155	16,180	85.7	88.1	83.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,680	53,300	36,040	44,680	53,300	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,655	13,930	12,725	70.7	76.0	65.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	52,750	37,080	45,280	52,750	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,650	14,845	16,810	83.9	80.9	86.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220	6,630	9,620	8,220	6,630	9,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,950	1,130	1,815	7.8	6.2	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,970	7,900	7,160	5,970	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,235	7,150	5,080	32.4	39.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,600	50,000	57,200	63,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	71,200	55,500	64,700	71,200	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,000	4,605	5,395	26.5	25.1	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	35,200	23,400	27,200	35,200	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,360	40,080	27,640	33,360	40,080	27,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	89.8	78.2	84.8	89.8	78.2
Employment income (%)	70.8	76.6	63.4	70.8	76.6	63.4
Government transfers (%)	15.3	10.3	21.7	15.3	10.3	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.9	1.2	0.7	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,240	...	...	43,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	360	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	630	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	690	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	660	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	755	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	815	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,260	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,215	...	...	38.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,575	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,750	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,775	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,115	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	370	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	660	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	790	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	660	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	785	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	955	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	940	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,815	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,650	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,570	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,440	...	...	28.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,460	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,405	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,580	...	...	8.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,160	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,705	3,240	3,465	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	46,400	37,200	41,600	46,400	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...	99,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,705	3,130	3,575	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	52,100	44,800	48,200	52,100	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	44,000	39,480	41,600	44,000	39,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,765	4,980	4,790	21.3	22.1	20.5
0 to 5 years	3,300	1,700	1,595	7.2	7.5	6.8
18 to 64 years	27,615	13,730	13,880	60.1	60.9	59.3
65 years and over	8,570	3,820	4,750	18.7	17.0	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,010	1,765	2,245	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	855	445	415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	325	160	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,000	1,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,020	320	700	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.7	7.8	9.6	8.7	7.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	9.0	8.6	8.8	9.0	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	9.5	10.2	9.8	9.5	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.3	8.2	7.7	7.3	8.2
65 years and over (%)	11.9	8.4	14.7	11.9	8.4	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	45,950	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,770	4,980	4,785	21.3	22.1	20.4
0 to 5 years	3,295	1,700	1,595	7.2	7.5	6.8
18 to 64 years	27,615	13,730	13,880	60.1	61.0	59.3
65 years and over	8,570	3,815	4,755	18.7	16.9	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,355	690	665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	200	105	95	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	40	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,045	550	495	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	40	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	24,305	11,550	12,750	52.9	51.3	54.4
In bottom decile	3,475	1,580	1,895	7.6	7.0	8.1
In second decile	4,690	2,070	2,615	10.2	9.2	11.2
In third decile	5,345	2,575	2,770	11.6	11.4	11.8
In fourth decile	5,440	2,625	2,820	11.8	11.7	12.0
In fifth decile	5,355	2,695	2,655	11.7	12.0	11.3
In top half of the distribution	21,645	10,975	10,670	47.1	48.7	45.6
In sixth decile	5,450	2,700	2,750	11.9	12.0	11.7
In seventh decile	5,005	2,535	2,470	10.9	11.3	10.5
In eighth decile	4,580	2,345	2,230	10.0	10.4	9.5
In ninth decile	3,915	2,015	1,905	8.5	8.9	8.1
In top decile	2,695	1,380	1,315	5.9	6.1	5.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	45,950	...	...	45,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.411	...	...	0.411	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	43,180	21,330	21,850	93.3	94.2	92.4
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,580	1,095	1,485	5.6	4.8	6.3
Neither English nor French	510	225	285	1.1	1.0	1.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,240	22,180	23,055	97.7	97.9	97.5
French	440	205	235	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	495	215	275	1.1	0.9	1.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,255	22,155	23,100	97.8	97.8	97.7
Official languages	39,530	19,350	20,180	85.4	85.4	85.4
English	39,025	19,120	19,900	84.3	84.4	84.2
French	500	230	275	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official languages	5,725	2,805	2,915	12.4	12.4	12.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,720	2,805	2,915	12.4	12.4	12.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	80	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,650	2,300	2,350	10.0	10.2	9.9
Albanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	295	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	425	185	240	0.9	0.8	1.0
Russian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	695	320	375	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	195	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	215	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	425	200	225	0.9	0.9	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,240	1,165	1,075	4.8	5.1	4.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,205	1,145	1,060	4.8	5.1	4.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	135	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,625	850	775	3.5	3.8	3.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	205	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	965	465	495	2.1	2.1	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	85	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	375	180	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	360	165	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	165	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,035	495	540	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	765	365	400	1.7	1.6	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	40,215	19,720	20,495	86.9	87.1	86.7
French	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,655	810	845	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,655	810	845	3.6	3.6	3.6
English and French	420	170	255	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,680	1,810	1,870	7.9	8.0	7.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,305	22,160	23,145	97.9	97.8	97.9
Official languages	42,265	20,640	21,630	91.3	91.1	91.5
English	42,130	20,575	21,550	91.0	90.8	91.2
French	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	3,035	1,520	1,515	6.6	6.7	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,035	1,520	1,515	6.6	6.7	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,515	1,265	1,250	5.4	5.6	5.3
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,785	920	865	3.9	4.1	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,760	910	855	3.8	4.0	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,395	725	665	3.0	3.2	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	175	210	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	185	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	65	35	40	0.1	0.2	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	990	495	495	2.1	2.2	2.1
English and French	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	910	460	455	2.0	2.0	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	46,290	22,650	23,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,815	20,995	21,825	92.5	92.7	92.3
English	1,140	585	555	2.5	2.6	2.3
French	360	145	215	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	1,590	745	850	3.4	3.3	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,595	745	845	3.4	3.3	3.6
English and French	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	165	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	45,945	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	45,460	22,300	23,160	98.9	99.0	98.9
English	45,455	22,300	23,155	98.9	99.0	98.9
French	2,530	1,010	1,520	5.5	4.5	6.5
Non-official languages	7,560	3,700	3,860	16.5	16.4	16.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,545	3,695	3,850	16.4	16.4	16.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	185	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	80	85	0.3	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	80	85	0.3	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	255	80	175	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	80	170	0.5	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,140	3,025	3,120	13.4	13.4	13.3
Albanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	870	390	480	1.9	1.7	2.0
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	865	385	470	1.9	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	560	245	310	1.2	1.1	1.3
Russian	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	895	390	505	1.9	1.7	2.2
Frisian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
High German languages	320	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	320	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	565	240	325	1.2	1.1	1.4
Afrikaans	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	510	220	295	1.1	1.0	1.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,825	1,500	1,325	6.1	6.7	5.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,755	1,455	1,300	6.0	6.5	5.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	150	100	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	835	435	405	1.8	1.9	1.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,930	1,025	905	4.2	4.6	3.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	460	235	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,400	645	750	3.0	2.9	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	255	130	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	535	240	290	1.2	1.1	1.2
Romanian	80	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	620	290	330	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Korean	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	160	80	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,170	515	655	2.5	2.3	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,110	495	610	2.4	2.2	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	725	315	410	1.6	1.4	1.8
Métis	360	165	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	44,780	22,015	22,765	97.5	97.7	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430	200	230	0.9	0.9	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,520	22,320	23,195	99.1	99.1	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,310	...	...	65.2	...	...
Renter	6,580	...	...	34.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,885	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not condominium	17,005	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,230	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,185	...	...	22.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,410	...	...	44.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,025	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,110	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,790	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	3,105	...	...	16.4	...	...
7 rooms	2,785	...	...	14.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,105	...	...	32.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,685	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	205	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,175	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	710	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,260	...	...	27.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,255	...	...	22.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,910	...	...	10.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,080	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	970	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,275	...	...	6.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,280	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,855	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,955	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	930	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,325	...	...	49.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,935	...	...	47.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	625	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	355	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,870	...	...	15.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,360	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,140	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,685	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,965	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,745	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	770	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,780	...	...	78.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,070	...	...	21.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,820	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,360	...	...	28.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,780	...	...	20.0	...	...
Not suitable only	560	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	680	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,525	...	...	71.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,195	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	17,395	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,290	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.5	...	...	65.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,402	...	...	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	536,000	...	...	536,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	563,000	...	...	563,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,580	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...	1,261	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	45,950	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	420	190	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	410	185	230	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	300	130	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	95	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,240	565	675	2.7	2.5	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,225	565	660	2.7	2.5	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	950	430	525	2.1	1.9	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	44,285	21,770	22,515	96.4	96.6	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	45,950	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,695	21,355	22,340	95.1	94.8	95.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,470	4,875	4,595	20.6	21.6	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,225	16,485	17,745	74.5	73.2	75.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,255	1,175	1,080	4.9	5.2	4.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	45,950	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,855	18,975	19,875	84.6	84.2	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	6,810	3,355	3,450	14.8	14.9	14.7
Before 1980	2,115	1,065	1,040	4.6	4.7	4.4
1980 to 1990	735	380	355	1.6	1.7	1.5
1991 to 2000	820	370	455	1.8	1.6	1.9
2001 to 2010	1,355	680	680	2.9	3.0	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,785	865	925	3.9	3.8	3.9
2011 to 2015	835	430	405	1.8	1.9	1.7
2016 to 2021	955	430	515	2.1	1.9	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	190	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,805	3,360	3,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	765	400	365	11.2	11.9	10.6
5 to 14 years	1,255	650	605	18.4	19.3	17.5
15 to 24 years	1,650	795	855	24.2	23.7	24.8
25 to 44 years	2,700	1,305	1,395	39.7	38.8	40.4
45 years and over	440	210	230	6.5	6.3	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,805	3,360	3,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	955	455	500	14.0	13.5	14.5
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	75	30	45	1.1	0.9	1.3
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	60	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	230	130	95	3.4	3.9	2.8
Mexico	40	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	40	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	250	100	150	3.7	3.0	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	2.7	2.8	2.6
Europe	2,865	1,390	1,470	42.1	41.4	42.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Croatia	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	160	90	70	2.4	2.7	2.0
Greece	95	50	45	1.4	1.5	1.3
Hungary	60	25	35	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italy	120	50	70	1.8	1.5	2.0
Netherlands	425	230	195	6.2	6.8	5.7
Poland	355	160	200	5.2	4.8	5.8
Portugal	260	125	135	3.8	3.7	3.9
Romania	110	45	60	1.6	1.3	1.7
Russian Federation	40	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	50	25	25	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukraine	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	845	390	450	12.4	11.6	13.0
Other places of birth in Europe	240	125	115	3.5	3.7	3.3
Africa	195	100	100	2.9	3.0	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	0.4	0.6	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	15	20	0.6	0.4	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	35	1.2	1.3	1.0
Asia	2,760	1,390	1,375	40.6	41.4	39.9
Afghanistan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	20	30	0.7	0.6	0.9
Lebanon	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	1.0	0.7	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	30	45	1.2	0.9	1.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	250	80	170	3.7	2.4	4.9
Viet Nam	95	50	50	1.4	1.5	1.4
Bangladesh	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
India	1,530	800	725	22.5	23.8	21.0
Pakistan	245	125	125	3.6	3.7	3.6
Sri Lanka	65	45	25	1.0	1.3	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	265	145	115	3.9	4.3	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	25	10	0.4	0.7	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	950	435	520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	55	75	14.2	12.6	14.4
Brazil	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	20	3.2	3.4	3.8
Mexico	20	0	15	2.1	0.0	2.9
United States of America	40	15	20	4.2	3.4	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	2.1	2.3	1.9
Europe	100	55	45	10.5	12.6	8.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	1.6	0.0	1.9
Russian Federation	15	10	10	1.6	2.3	1.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	2.1	4.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	20	3.7	4.6	3.8
Africa	30	20	15	3.2	4.6	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	0	2.1	2.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	1.6	2.3	0.0
Asia	680	305	375	71.6	70.1	72.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	420	215	205	44.2	49.4	39.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.6	2.3	1.9
Lebanon	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.9
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	30	35	6.8	6.9	6.7
Philippines	70	25	45	7.4	5.7	8.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	1.6	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	1.6	2.3	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	45,945	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,355	3,675	3,685	16.0	16.3	15.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,275	4,155	4,120	18.0	18.4	17.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,315	14,700	15,620	66.0	65.3	66.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,695	2,290	2,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,880	995	885	40.0	43.4	36.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	765	495	270	16.3	21.6	11.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,115	500	615	23.7	21.8	25.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,010	875	1,135	42.8	38.2	47.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	755	395	360	16.1	17.2	15.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,695	2,290	2,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275	150	125	5.9	6.6	5.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	500	240	260	10.6	10.5	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	40	40	1.7	1.7	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	170	140	6.7	7.4	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,500	1,680	1,820	74.5	73.4	75.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	45,945	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,290	3,280	3,010	13.7	14.6	12.9
South Asian	3,165	1,680	1,485	6.9	7.5	6.3
Chinese	280	130	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	930	515	420	2.0	2.3	1.8
Filipino	350	155	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	415	200	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
Southeast Asian	305	170	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
West Asian	115	80	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	125	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	235	95	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,655	19,250	20,405	86.3	85.4	87.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	45,945	22,525	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,580	4,230	4,350	18.7	18.8	18.6
English	13,190	6,165	7,025	28.7	27.4	30.0
Irish	8,005	3,725	4,280	17.4	16.5	18.3
Scottish	9,520	4,470	5,050	20.7	19.8	21.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,360	1,560	1,805	7.3	6.9	7.7
German	6,240	2,980	3,260	13.6	13.2	13.9
Chinese	400	180	220	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italian	1,565	835	730	3.4	3.7	3.1
Indian (India)	1,515	810	700	3.3	3.6	3.0
Ukrainian	780	395	390	1.7	1.8	1.7
Dutch	3,745	1,905	1,835	8.2	8.5	7.8
Polish	1,870	890	980	4.1	4.0	4.2
Québécois	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,080	1,020	1,060	4.5	4.5	4.5
Filipino	435	210	230	0.9	0.9	1.0
French Canadian	630	285	345	1.4	1.3	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,090	515	580	2.4	2.3	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	695	345	350	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	385	180	205	0.8	0.8	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	455	225	230	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	365	170	195	0.8	0.8	0.8
Norwegian	240	115	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	915	460	455	2.0	2.0	1.9
Portuguese	1,050	545	505	2.3	2.4	2.2
American	490	220	265	1.1	1.0	1.1
Spanish	200	85	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swedish	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	1,020	545	475	2.2	2.4	2.0
Acadian	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	345	170	175	0.8	0.8	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	125	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	590	325	265	1.3	1.4	1.1
Vietnamese	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	290	160	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	355	215	140	0.8	1.0	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	275	120	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	160	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	475	245	230	1.0	1.1	1.0
Austrian	240	100	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belgian	630	305	325	1.4	1.4	1.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	135	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Finnish	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	200	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	170	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Muslim	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syrian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	135	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afghan	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	115	30	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Newfoundlander	175	50	125	0.4	0.2	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	310	155	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkish	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lithuanian	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	60	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	80	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	85	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	45,950	22,530	23,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian	23,240	10,520	12,720	50.6	46.7	54.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,395	1,565	1,830	7.4	6.9	7.8
Anabaptist	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,590	1,155	1,440	5.6	5.1	6.1
Baptist	1,210	550	665	2.6	2.4	2.8
Catholic	8,525	3,990	4,530	18.6	17.7	19.3
Christian Orthodox	345	185	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	180	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	435	180	250	0.9	0.8	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	545	240	310	1.2	1.1	1.3
Presbyterian	1,170	530	635	2.5	2.4	2.7
Reformed	365	170	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
United Church	3,125	1,250	1,870	6.8	5.5	8.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,060	505	565	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	615	335	285	1.3	1.5	1.2
Jewish	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	755	405	350	1.6	1.8	1.5
Sikh	1,740	905	835	3.8	4.0	3.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	270	95	175	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	19,105	10,145	8,960	41.6	45.0	38.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	45,430	22,275	23,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,970	19,175	19,795	85.8	86.1	85.5
Movers	6,455	3,105	3,350	14.2	13.9	14.5
Non-migrants	2,800	1,310	1,490	6.2	5.9	6.4
Migrants	3,660	1,795	1,865	8.1	8.1	8.1
Internal migrants	3,525	1,735	1,790	7.8	7.8	7.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,350	1,630	1,720	7.4	7.3	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	170	105	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
External migrants	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,195	21,120	22,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	23,125	11,250	11,875	53.5	53.3	53.8
Movers	20,075	9,870	10,205	46.5	46.7	46.2
Non-migrants	7,135	3,485	3,645	16.5	16.5	16.5
Migrants	12,940	6,380	6,555	30.0	30.2	29.7
Internal migrants	12,110	5,915	6,190	28.0	28.0	28.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,475	5,595	5,885	26.6	26.5	26.7
Interprovincial migrants	625	330	305	1.4	1.6	1.4
External migrants	830	465	365	1.9	2.2	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,230	4,365	3,860	21.8	23.8	19.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	29,495	13,970	15,525	78.2	76.2	80.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,220	11,895	12,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,350	2,000	1,355	13.8	16.8	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,870	9,900	10,970	86.2	83.2	89.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,720	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,530	3,965	3,560	20.0	21.6	18.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,665	6,405	6,260	33.6	34.9	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,530	7,970	9,565	46.5	43.5	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,875	5,635	6,240	31.5	30.7	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,130	1,570	560	5.6	8.6	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,125	710	420	3.0	3.9	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,005	870	135	2.7	4.7	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,215	3,810	5,400	24.4	20.8	27.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	530	250	280	1.4	1.4	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,655	2,330	3,325	15.0	12.7	17.2
Bachelor's degree	4,035	1,575	2,455	10.7	8.6	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	385	175	210	1.0	1.0	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,010	470	545	2.7	2.6	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,225	11,895	12,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,965	1,795	1,175	12.2	15.1	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,925	4,265	3,655	32.7	35.9	29.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,330	5,840	7,495	55.0	49.1	60.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,870	4,120	4,755	36.6	34.6	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,510	1,090	425	6.2	9.2	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	815	500	315	3.4	4.2	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	700	585	115	2.9	4.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,050	2,865	4,190	29.1	24.1	34.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	165	140	1.3	1.4	1.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,460	1,725	2,740	18.4	14.5	22.2
Bachelor's degree	3,165	1,175	1,995	13.1	9.9	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	120	185	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	815	345	465	3.4	2.9	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,190	10,375	9,820	53.5	56.6	50.7
Education	895	240	655	2.4	1.3	3.4
13. Education	895	240	655	2.4	1.3	3.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	180	335	1.4	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	480	170	310	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	840	300	540	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	185	45	140	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	85	165	0.6	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,200	600	1,600	5.8	3.3	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	125	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	50	645	1.8	0.3	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	245	60	180	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	330	80	250	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	595	250	340	1.6	1.4	1.8
Business, management and public administration	3,400	1,290	2,110	9.0	7.0	10.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	440	55	390	1.2	0.3	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,955	1,235	1,715	7.8	6.7	8.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	240	300	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	100	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	95	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	605	375	230	1.6	2.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	505	340	165	1.3	1.9	0.9
25. Library science	50	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,620	3,345	275	9.6	18.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	90	65	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	470	425	55	1.2	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,005	865	145	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	540	0	1.5	2.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	870	850	20	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	630	600	35	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	250	225	1.2	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	180	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	3,080	450	2,630	8.2	2.5	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	275	125	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,775	305	2,465	7.4	1.7	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,350	690	660	3.6	3.8	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	625	125	505	1.7	0.7	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	335	145	1.3	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	225	20	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,220	11,895	12,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,890	6,060	4,830	45.0	50.9	39.2
Education	590	150	440	2.4	1.3	3.6
13. Education	590	150	440	2.4	1.3	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	145	285	1.8	1.2	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	410	140	270	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	585	205	385	2.4	1.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	100	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	60	115	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,730	430	1,300	7.1	3.6	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	100	115	0.9	0.8	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	540	30	510	2.2	0.3	4.1
22. Legal professions and studies	205	40	160	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	255	70	185	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	440	165	280	1.8	1.4	2.3
Business, management and public administration	2,605	925	1,675	10.8	7.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	30	325	1.5	0.3	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,250	895	1,350	9.3	7.5	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	200	255	1.9	1.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	60	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	520	320	200	2.1	2.7	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	445	305	145	1.8	2.6	1.2
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,665	2,445	225	11.0	20.6	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	60	50	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	380	335	50	1.6	2.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	775	660	115	3.2	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	390	385	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570	555	15	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	485	455	30	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345	150	200	1.4	1.3	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	110	140	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	2,315	310	2,005	9.6	2.6	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	95	125	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,075	205	1,875	8.6	1.7	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,070	555	515	4.4	4.7	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	100	395	2.0	0.8	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	275	110	1.6	2.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	10	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	24,220	11,895	12,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,890	6,060	4,830	45.0	50.9	39.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,330	5,835	7,495	55.0	49.1	60.8
Location of study inside Canada	11,680	5,080	6,600	48.2	42.7	53.5
Same as province or territory of residence	11,170	4,830	6,345	46.1	40.6	51.5
Different than province or territory of residence	505	250	255	2.1	2.1	2.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,650	755	895	6.8	6.3	7.3
Americas	415	195	225	1.7	1.6	1.8
United States of America	215	115	105	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mexico	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazil	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	310	155	155	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	80	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	860	370	490	3.6	3.1	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	35	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	110	25	85	0.5	0.2	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	485	215	275	2.0	1.8	2.2
Pakistan	80	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,720	18,340	19,385	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,860	12,650	11,215	...	...	...
Employed	20,980	11,185	9,795	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,880	1,465	1,415	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	13,860	5,690	8,175	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.3	69.0	57.9	63.3	69.0	57.9
Employment rate	55.6	61.0	50.5	55.6	61.0	50.5
Unemployment rate	12.1	11.6	12.6	12.1	11.6	12.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,725	18,340	19,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,950	5,855	8,100	37.0	31.9	41.8
Worked	23,775	12,485	11,290	63.0	68.1	58.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,595	7,370	5,225	33.4	40.2	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,180	5,115	6,065	29.6	27.9	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	43.2	40.3	41.8	43.2	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,865	12,650	11,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265	2.2	2.1	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950	97.8	97.9	97.7
Employee	20,720	10,825	9,900	86.8	85.6	88.3
Permanent position	18,435	9,730	8,700	77.2	76.9	77.6
Temporary position	2,290	1,090	1,195	9.6	8.6	10.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	740	370	370	3.1	2.9	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,550	725	825	6.5	5.7	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,610	1,565	1,050	10.9	12.4	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,865	12,650	11,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265	2.2	2.1	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950	97.8	97.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	180	110	70	0.8	0.9	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,380	1,045	2,335	14.2	8.3	20.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,095	865	235	4.6	6.8	2.1
3 Health occupations	1,620	180	1,440	6.8	1.4	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,125	615	1,510	8.9	4.9	13.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	330	90	235	1.4	0.7	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	5,695	2,280	3,415	23.9	18.0	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,175	4,715	455	21.7	37.3	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	395	260	130	1.7	2.1	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,335	2,220	1,115	14.0	17.5	9.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,865	12,650	11,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	265	265	2.2	2.1	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	23,335	12,385	10,950	97.8	97.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	310	160	150	1.3	1.3	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	65	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	105	70	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	1,755	1,525	225	7.4	12.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,675	3,940	1,735	23.8	31.1	15.5
41 Wholesale trade	815	575	245	3.4	4.5	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	2,605	1,175	1,425	10.9	9.3	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,710	1,310	405	7.2	10.4	3.6
51 Information and cultural industries	315	160	155	1.3	1.3	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	770	260	505	3.2	2.1	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	360	195	160	1.5	1.5	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	930	470	460	3.9	3.7	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	885	500	385	3.7	4.0	3.4
61 Educational services	1,235	340	890	5.2	2.7	7.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,640	255	2,385	11.1	2.0	21.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	260	110	155	1.1	0.9	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	1,285	445	840	5.4	3.5	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	885	445	440	3.7	3.5	3.9
91 Public administration	685	370	315	2.9	2.9	2.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,505	13,305	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,825	12,945	11,880	97.3	97.3	97.4
French	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	215	80	135	0.8	0.6	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	365	245	110	1.4	1.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,505	13,305	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	25,400	13,245	12,150	99.6	99.5	99.6
Official languages	25,280	13,170	12,110	99.1	99.0	99.3
English	25,225	13,155	12,070	98.9	98.9	98.9
French	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	120	75	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	75	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	65	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	60	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	75	55	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	45	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	60	50	20	0.2	0.4	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,505	13,305	12,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	25,020	13,035	11,985	98.1	98.0	98.2
English	85	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
French	155	60	95	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	205	130	75	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	130	75	0.8	1.0	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,985	11,185	9,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,085	1,280	1,805	14.7	11.4	18.4
Worked outside Canada	70	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	2,415	1,815	600	11.5	16.2	6.1
Usual place of work	15,415	8,040	7,375	73.5	71.9	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,415	8,040	7,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,530	4,615	4,915	61.8	57.4	66.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,340	730	610	8.7	9.1	8.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,525	2,680	1,840	29.4	33.3	24.9
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,830	9,855	7,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,525	9,235	7,285	92.7	93.7	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,865	8,500	6,360	83.4	86.3	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,655	735	925	9.3	7.5	11.6
Public transit	210	70	140	1.2	0.7	1.8
Walked	715	335	385	4.0	3.4	4.8
Bicycle	95	95	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other method	285	125	165	1.6	1.3	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,830	9,855	7,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,055	4,460	4,600	50.8	45.3	57.7
15 to 29 minutes	3,280	1,920	1,360	18.4	19.5	17.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,110	1,850	1,255	17.4	18.8	15.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,420	890	535	8.0	9.0	6.7
60 minutes and over	970	735	230	5.4	7.5	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,830	9,855	7,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,490	1,730	760	14.0	17.6	9.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,885	2,560	1,325	21.8	26.0	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,745	1,985	1,755	21.0	20.1	22.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,680	1,025	1,655	15.0	10.4	20.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,430	530	895	8.0	5.4	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,610	2,025	1,585	20.2	20.5	19.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,935	5,065	4,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	545	570	11.2	10.8	11.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,820	4,520	4,300	88.8	89.2	88.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,025	3,570	3,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	885	430	455	12.6	12.0	13.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	625	300	325	8.9	8.4	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	130	130	3.7	3.6	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,140	3,140	2,995	87.4	88.0	86.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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