Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile of interest: Income distribution by income source

Income source (3)

Gender (3)More information

Age (6)

Geography (Type the first few letters of a place name to narrow down the choices.)

Hide rows where all values are equal to zero

Geography: Canada [Country]

Map Data quality Related data - Canada [Country]
Characteristic Filter by topic	Total - Income groupings¹	Without income	Less than $20,000 (including loss)	$20,000 to $39,999	$40,000 to $59,999	$60,000 to $79,999	$80,000 to $99,999	$100,000 to $149,999	$150,000 and over
Age groups, average age and median age
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
0 to 14 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0 to 4 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
10 to 14 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	23,749,320	1,058,905	4,674,240	5,669,385	4,655,070	3,001,050	1,903,800	1,877,265	909,600
15 to 19 years	2,003,200	719,535	1,084,330	185,420	10,460	1,780	640	640	395
20 to 24 years	2,177,855	46,605	806,890	979,605	252,735	64,200	17,565	8,355	1,905
25 to 29 years	2,400,005	39,120	388,205	812,860	620,450	320,535	129,805	72,250	16,765
30 to 34 years	2,498,620	39,390	299,030	615,420	631,440	427,780	242,435	185,525	57,595
35 to 39 years	2,491,640	32,905	270,835	514,170	581,355	427,405	288,045	271,660	105,260
40 to 44 years	2,380,785	28,065	249,885	457,045	527,710	392,945	285,525	305,320	134,280
45 to 49 years	2,287,140	28,245	259,890	442,670	479,500	350,580	267,055	302,375	156,825
50 to 54 years	2,347,705	35,430	314,160	484,200	478,505	336,460	250,305	286,755	161,895
55 to 59 years	2,620,625	50,925	439,545	576,750	536,510	357,005	238,610	263,050	158,235
60 to 64 years	2,541,740	38,690	561,465	601,245	536,395	322,360	183,810	181,335	116,435
65 years and over	6,586,600	34,080	1,211,535	2,692,450	1,309,965	665,925	300,100	225,885	146,665
85 years and over	623,590	2,415	79,895	359,505	98,155	41,175	18,710	13,690	10,040
Average age	48.0	26.3	43.7	51.2	49.7	49.3	48.9	49.3	52.1
Median age	47.6	17.4	42.0	52.0	48.8	47.6	47.6	48.4	51.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Married or living common law	17,493,375	246,970	2,781,190	4,178,565	3,723,425	2,485,155	1,598,730	1,617,575	861,755
Married	13,596,495	207,030	2,345,665	3,224,710	2,742,500	1,830,355	1,216,335	1,296,015	733,880
Living common law	3,896,880	39,935	435,525	953,855	980,930	654,800	382,400	321,555	127,880
Not married and not living common law	12,842,550	846,015	3,104,585	4,183,270	2,241,610	1,181,820	605,170	485,575	194,500
Never married	8,793,500	817,815	2,683,825	2,543,835	1,370,810	694,410	344,035	255,275	83,480
Separated	726,025	6,385	90,150	215,110	169,735	105,520	58,605	55,505	25,010
Divorced	1,873,615	13,080	215,400	669,280	415,375	243,550	136,570	123,695	56,660
Widowed	1,449,415	8,735	115,205	755,040	285,685	138,340	65,950	51,105	29,355
Household type of person
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	20,613,780	813,135	4,112,310	5,029,390	3,984,120	2,584,720	1,625,100	1,616,400	848,600
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	7,675,205	96,055	1,367,950	2,039,045	1,682,620	1,061,080	599,060	539,730	289,665
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)³	10,463,965	549,235	2,173,285	2,271,680	1,836,825	1,267,025	891,190	960,615	514,110
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	2,474,605	167,845	571,075	718,670	464,680	256,610	134,855	116,055	44,825
In a lone-parent census family with a parent who is a man+ (no other persons present in the household)⁴	525,860	33,730	119,135	136,460	87,085	57,370	36,000	36,890	19,205
In a lone-parent census family with a parent who is a woman+ (no other persons present in the household)⁵	1,948,745	134,115	451,945	582,210	377,590	199,245	98,855	79,165	25,620
Persons in multigenerational households⁶	1,832,385	96,350	477,715	559,075	319,040	169,260	90,990	85,885	34,070
Persons in other census family households⁷	1,933,820	100,265	428,985	615,215	385,095	193,645	96,855	80,490	33,275
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,561,435	49,580	350,135	596,675	306,640	139,050	62,790	42,890	13,670
Persons living alone (one-person households)	4,394,495	33,655	516,635	1,561,475	970,140	580,305	328,160	277,480	126,650
Military service status
Total - Military service status for the population aged 17 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁸	29,527,345	600,270	5,579,310	8,354,820	5,963,910	3,666,570	2,203,630	2,102,805	1,056,025
Currently serving member	99,020	455	5,320	12,160	15,235	31,805	18,220	13,270	2,570
Veteran	444,520	2,545	39,410	104,115	98,455	76,450	48,665	51,355	23,525
No military service	28,983,805	597,280	5,534,580	8,238,545	5,850,225	3,558,315	2,136,755	2,038,180	1,029,930
Total income groups in 2020
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data⁹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
With total income	29,242,935	0	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,439,665	0	2,439,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,446,110	0	3,446,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,636,860	0	0	4,636,860	0	0	0	0	0
$30,000 to $39,999	3,724,975	0	0	3,724,975	0	0	0	0	0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,288,605	0	0	0	3,288,605	0	0	0	0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,676,435	0	0	0	2,676,435	0	0	0	0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,072,505	0	0	0	0	2,072,505	0	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,594,475	0	0	0	0	1,594,475	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,237,700	0	0	0	0	0	1,237,700	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	966,200	0	0	0	0	0	966,200	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,103,150	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,103,150	0
$150,000 and over	1,056,260	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,056,260
After-tax income groups in 2020
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
With after-tax income	29,257,325	14,395	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,567,415	14,395	2,517,245	18,170	6,065	3,485	1,880	2,460	3,710
$10,000 to $19,999	3,605,250	0	3,368,525	229,455	4,545	1,455	630	435	205
$20,000 to $29,999	5,297,355	0	0	5,270,285	22,445	2,650	970	745	255
$30,000 to $39,999	4,441,060	0	0	2,843,925	1,587,175	7,030	1,620	955	355
$40,000 to $49,999	3,798,395	0	0	0	3,642,990	149,805	3,495	1,615	485
$50,000 to $59,999	2,831,845	0	0	0	701,810	2,111,550	14,730	3,185	570
$60,000 to $69,999	2,018,695	0	0	0	0	1,287,720	723,090	7,115	770
$70,000 to $79,999	1,431,800	0	0	0	0	103,275	1,178,115	149,325	1,080
$80,000 to $89,999	1,026,375	0	0	0	0	0	258,560	765,960	1,850
$90,000 to $99,999	644,435	0	0	0	0	0	20,805	619,635	3,995
$100,000 and over	1,594,695	0	0	0	0	0	0	551,700	1,042,995
Employment income groups in 2020
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
With employment income	21,127,690	0	2,553,770	5,366,160	4,962,960	3,228,045	2,034,750	1,991,855	990,140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,691,315	0	2,006,580	1,775,710	544,535	201,510	80,340	56,365	26,260
$10,000 to $19,999	2,494,160	0	544,685	1,501,980	330,990	71,555	23,820	14,105	7,020
$20,000 to $29,999	1,959,915	0	1,320	1,318,030	517,365	78,120	24,555	14,245	6,275
$30,000 to $39,999	1,907,310	0	455	766,185	979,125	110,800	27,965	16,255	6,530
$40,000 to $49,999	1,855,535	0	295	3,085	1,573,075	217,110	35,215	19,815	6,950
$50,000 to $59,999	1,645,215	0	120	615	1,011,770	544,925	52,515	26,310	8,950
$60,000 to $69,999	1,367,435	0	105	280	4,865	1,223,140	96,580	32,450	10,030
$70,000 to $79,999	1,099,670	0	50	110	705	774,680	275,805	38,645	9,670
$80,000 to $89,999	929,165	0	25	95	230	4,895	851,685	61,225	11,010
$90,000 to $99,999	760,540	0	30	25	160	805	560,890	185,615	13,015
$100,000 and over	2,417,420	0	100	45	140	510	5,375	1,526,820	884,430
Income statistics in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,242,935	0	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	...	10,660	29,280	49,320	69,100	89,200	118,500	275,600
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	...	11,900	28,800	48,800	68,500	89,000	116,000	198,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,257,325	14,395	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	- 11,320	10,260	27,480	43,520	58,250	72,800	93,000	184,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	- 2,340	11,600	27,200	43,200	58,000	72,500	92,000	144,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	21,127,690	0	2,553,770	5,366,160	4,962,960	3,228,045	2,034,750	1,991,855	990,140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	...	5,170	16,540	36,320	57,300	78,500	106,100	226,200
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	...	4,760	15,900	40,800	62,800	84,000	109,000	176,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,397,570	0	5,062,470	8,084,205	5,441,935	3,047,700	1,638,145	1,443,905	679,200
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	...	8,570	15,380	12,110	9,350	7,000	5,040	4,176
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	...	8,200	16,600	9,700	6,000	3,060	1,150	750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,179,400	0	142,815	1,425,330	1,001,585	381,955	134,745	74,520	18,445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	...	4,480	5,920	6,000	5,600	4,360	4,000	4,600
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	...	5,265	7,050	7,400	7,290	6,245	5,885	6,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,346,145	0	1,528,255	3,658,110	1,958,805	703,815	269,910	173,050	54,200
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	6,000	11,000	8,000	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	...	7,270	10,650	8,320	6,950	6,490	6,290	6,275
Employment income statistics in 2020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,335,915	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,912,815	0	228,725	1,239,920	2,468,320	2,119,175	1,519,885	1,571,805	764,985
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	...	6,450	26,800	46,000	65,500	86,000	111,000	182,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	...	4,208	24,860	44,600	64,200	84,400	112,100	239,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,426,645	0	1,669,385	3,191,650	1,888,070	819,825	377,965	311,715	168,035
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	...	5,440	14,600	33,600	55,600	77,500	102,000	160,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	...	6,050	15,400	31,520	49,520	67,600	91,700	192,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	...	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	...	30.9	49.2	77.6	88.8	94.2	97.0	99.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	...	21.0	36.3	61.3	73.0	81.2	84.8	76.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	...	69.0	50.8	22.4	11.2	5.8	2.9	1.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)²¹	1.4	...	1.2	4.1	2.5	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)²²	5.4	...	21.0	17.8	6.5	2.4	1.1	0.6	0.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)²³	4.7	...	17.7	15.9	5.5	1.9	0.9	0.4	0.1
Income statistics in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,599,665	188,875	5,166,145	8,289,990	5,945,945	3,658,895	2,199,435	2,098,145	1,052,240
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	1,230	11,000	25,200	46,000	65,500	85,000	110,000	184,000
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	7,980	12,530	26,880	46,560	65,800	85,200	112,800	252,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,618,280	196,470	5,175,615	8,290,910	5,946,250	3,659,025	2,199,485	2,098,240	1,052,285
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	1,030	10,600	24,000	40,800	55,200	69,500	87,000	134,000
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	6,440	11,680	24,920	40,720	55,200	69,200	88,100	170,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,242,575	60,220	2,420,405	5,501,715	5,001,680	3,246,250	2,037,645	1,988,890	985,775
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	2,420	6,550	18,800	39,600	60,000	81,000	105,000	168,000
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	10,400	10,360	20,780	37,080	55,600	75,600	102,100	213,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,191,865	112,835	4,268,575	7,520,580	5,058,105	2,768,070	1,496,140	1,329,755	637,800
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	670	4,560	7,600	5,280	3,600	1,530	780	560
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	3,784	6,850	9,750	8,520	7,710	6,025	4,312	3,388
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,430,165	3,875	188,805	807,220	775,190	374,975	160,880	98,400	20,825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,600	6,240	5,920	5,680	5,640	5,200	5,200	5,200
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	7,830	7,690	7,340	7,470	7,890	7,890	7,880	8,160
Employment income statistics in 2019
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,831,810	5,535	219,225	1,210,650	2,447,775	2,108,955	1,513,650	1,565,750	760,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	14,700	11,200	26,000	43,200	62,000	82,000	106,000	172,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)²⁶	73,200	34,120	15,940	25,480	41,760	59,950	79,600	106,300	222,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data²⁷	7,934,980	9,440	1,336,935	3,085,350	1,847,840	807,795	373,650	307,995	165,970
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	2,600	6,850	18,600	37,200	57,200	77,000	100,000	156,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	12,900	9,810	20,980	37,040	54,400	71,900	95,800	196,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data²⁸	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	71.6	54.8	67.0	84.4	91.2	95.2	97.6	99.2
Employment income (%)	71.8	41.6	38.7	51.3	67.0	75.0	82.2	85.8	79.2
Government transfers (%)	12.3	28.4	45.2	32.9	15.6	8.9	4.8	2.4	0.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	2.0	2.2	2.7	2.1	1.2	0.7	0.3	0.1
Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group in 2020
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group in 2020 for the population in private households - 25% sample data²⁹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	14,739,155	698,350	3,997,535	5,805,495	3,174,150	777,625	205,940	73,485	6,575
In the bottom decile	3,040,265	274,120	1,595,820	1,094,890	57,255	7,095	3,030	3,565	4,475
In the second decile	2,923,245	112,725	762,430	1,746,115	264,220	34,205	2,425	885	240
In the third decile	2,883,045	111,480	609,305	1,311,405	695,770	132,105	20,470	2,205	305
In the fourth decile	2,933,055	103,685	545,455	866,990	1,120,685	211,935	68,050	15,750	510
In the fifth decile	2,959,550	96,340	484,525	786,095	1,036,220	392,285	111,965	51,080	1,040
In the top half of the distribution	15,596,760	394,640	1,888,245	2,556,340	2,790,890	2,889,345	1,997,960	2,029,660	1,049,685
In the sixth decile	3,006,975	89,380	439,070	698,195	754,130	747,195	178,335	95,585	5,085
In the seventh decile	3,057,630	84,060	403,020	602,880	700,155	735,960	341,880	172,090	17,580
In the eighth decile	3,098,915	77,330	366,495	516,080	601,935	574,080	609,810	309,190	44,010
In the ninth decile	3,176,825	71,760	344,715	425,005	463,245	526,135	514,275	702,985	128,700
In the top decile	3,256,415	72,100	334,940	314,185	271,425	305,975	353,660	749,810	854,310
MBM poverty status in 2020
Total - MBM poverty status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 25% sample data³⁰	30,063,710	1,072,495	5,802,095	8,279,785	5,919,210	3,645,940	2,194,035	2,095,930	1,054,230
In poverty based on the Market Basket Measure (MBM)	2,405,420	257,845	1,430,795	646,275	57,960	7,825	2,360	1,500	850
Poverty rate based on the Market Basket Measure (MBM) (%)³¹	8.0	24.0	24.7	7.8	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
LIM low-income status in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,288,330	262,610	1,569,685	1,334,380	100,145	9,965	3,260	3,770	4,515
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	24.0	26.7	16.0	1.7	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data³³	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
English only	20,994,795	795,120	4,045,085	5,748,685	4,063,425	2,527,940	1,528,605	1,509,670	776,265
French only	3,043,360	62,990	584,535	1,027,190	740,860	344,945	159,745	98,275	24,815
English and French	5,722,785	208,310	1,009,230	1,358,480	1,113,300	779,760	509,785	491,055	252,870
Neither English nor French	574,975	26,570	246,920	227,485	47,450	14,335	5,760	4,150	2,315
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% sample data³⁴	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
English	19,262,875	703,415	3,535,995	5,012,395	3,700,365	2,438,955	1,523,300	1,528,165	820,290
French	5,799,935	120,890	1,002,735	1,667,355	1,333,315	767,830	428,790	339,895	139,120
Non-official language	4,029,330	197,660	1,075,545	1,329,585	691,115	327,365	175,890	163,830	68,340
Indigenous³⁵	61,515	4,035	17,965	18,240	9,900	5,290	2,980	2,600	505
Non-Indigenous	3,967,820	193,625	1,057,580	1,311,345	681,215	322,070	172,910	161,230	67,840
English and French	172,295	7,070	30,385	42,995	34,295	23,000	14,890	13,440	6,225
English and non-official language(s)	912,380	54,995	204,330	262,215	172,955	93,415	52,590	51,515	20,360
French and non-official language(s)	95,800	4,930	20,515	28,625	21,670	10,450	5,120	3,640	840
English, French and non-official language(s)	39,705	3,120	9,470	10,930	7,145	4,000	2,360	1,925	755
Multiple non-official languages	23,600	905	6,805	7,730	4,175	1,970	955	730	330
Other language(s) spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% sample data³⁶	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
None	25,716,575	873,115	4,919,950	7,060,735	5,091,685	3,158,045	1,898,175	1,799,840	915,040
English	1,663,075	75,400	360,390	494,230	320,800	172,600	99,415	97,500	42,740
French	430,210	20,995	83,195	108,530	81,195	53,085	34,200	33,250	15,770
Non-official language	1,849,775	92,170	383,905	508,200	339,685	207,705	127,385	128,190	62,545
Indigenous³⁷	48,720	2,820	13,485	15,030	8,030	4,165	2,310	2,305	570
Non-Indigenous	1,801,055	89,350	370,425	493,170	331,650	203,535	125,070	125,885	61,975
English and French	65,240	4,540	15,075	18,510	11,990	6,860	3,750	3,290	1,230
English and non-official language(s)	286,005	12,105	61,115	86,990	57,595	29,965	16,520	15,570	6,145
French and non-official language(s)	103,755	6,180	20,225	24,375	18,255	12,370	8,360	9,010	4,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	9,610	480	2,095	2,885	1,885	945	565	480	275
Multiple non-official languages	211,675	8,010	39,830	57,380	41,950	25,410	15,540	16,020	7,540
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% sample data³⁸	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
English	16,247,455	606,255	3,027,030	4,215,080	3,122,635	2,051,605	1,276,720	1,267,840	680,300
French	5,955,330	120,620	1,021,265	1,700,560	1,357,205	793,445	447,895	362,135	152,200
Non-official language	7,011,500	303,050	1,597,955	2,138,415	1,271,365	696,855	406,360	403,625	193,865
Indigenous³⁹	115,940	6,265	32,210	36,595	18,965	10,160	5,535	5,065	1,145
Non-Indigenous	6,895,560	296,790	1,565,745	2,101,820	1,252,395	686,695	400,830	398,560	192,715
English and French	205,235	9,540	41,900	55,880	39,710	24,560	14,310	13,545	5,800
English and non-official language(s)	710,010	43,125	151,960	191,865	134,105	78,180	46,290	45,130	19,350
French and non-official language(s)	86,595	4,925	18,870	25,045	17,910	9,295	5,085	3,995	1,470
English, French and non-official language(s)	34,475	2,565	8,740	8,925	5,755	3,465	2,125	1,990	910
Multiple non-official languages	85,320	2,910	18,050	26,075	16,345	9,565	5,120	4,895	2,360
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁰	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
English	22,905,060	899,225	4,427,755	6,168,720	4,373,040	2,761,110	1,696,690	1,692,880	885,635
French	6,482,485	143,000	1,128,145	1,862,095	1,475,040	851,245	478,145	385,035	159,785
English and French	380,840	24,745	86,245	105,870	70,210	40,595	23,430	21,195	8,545
Neither English nor French	567,530	26,010	243,630	225,155	46,740	14,025	5,635	4,040	2,290
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴¹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Official languages	29,760,945	1,066,415	5,638,855	8,134,350	5,917,590	3,652,645	2,198,135	2,098,995	1,053,945
English	26,717,580	1,003,425	5,054,315	7,107,160	5,176,725	3,307,700	2,038,390	2,000,725	1,029,135
French	8,766,145	271,295	1,593,770	2,385,670	1,854,165	1,124,710	669,530	589,325	277,680
Non-official languages	9,364,315	426,775	2,085,110	2,745,050	1,700,980	967,695	576,715	575,750	286,240
Indigenous³⁹	189,540	11,010	52,720	59,305	31,450	16,280	8,700	8,115	1,965
Non-Indigenous	9,178,350	415,905	2,033,155	2,686,900	1,670,155	951,775	568,260	567,825	284,380
Number of languages known
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Knowledge of one language	17,245,070	556,495	3,287,330	4,819,160	3,468,080	2,119,385	1,244,675	1,163,455	586,495
English only	14,062,520	485,635	2,571,595	3,719,995	2,766,805	1,794,195	1,094,015	1,069,145	561,125
French only	2,705,805	48,580	511,705	909,735	662,625	313,210	145,775	90,805	23,375
Non-official language only	476,750	22,280	204,035	189,425	38,645	11,975	4,885	3,500	2,005
Knowledge of more than one language	13,090,850	536,490	2,598,445	3,542,675	2,496,955	1,547,590	959,230	939,695	469,760
English and French only	4,203,285	132,000	717,365	987,045	834,625	591,875	387,400	367,445	185,525
English, French and one or more non-official languages	1,519,500	76,305	291,870	371,430	278,680	187,890	122,390	123,610	67,340
English and one or more non-official languages	6,932,280	309,490	1,473,490	2,028,685	1,296,620	733,745	434,590	440,530	215,145
French and one or more non-official languages	337,560	14,410	72,835	117,455	78,240	31,735	13,975	7,465	1,445
Multiple non-official languages only	98,225	4,285	42,885	38,055	8,800	2,355	880	650	310
Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language born in 2003 or laterNoteNoteNote
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 25% sample data⁴³	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive)NoteNoteNoteNoteNote
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 25% sample data⁴⁴	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous identity
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁵	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Indigenous identity⁴⁶	1,348,040	77,595	325,195	393,395	250,445	136,450	75,195	66,900	22,875
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁷	1,299,245	75,345	313,880	378,790	241,065	131,590	72,420	64,335	21,815
First Nations (North American Indian)	764,755	51,905	201,950	228,025	137,685	70,090	35,695	29,895	9,510
Métis	486,620	21,225	98,475	137,870	96,140	57,330	33,690	30,560	11,335
Inuk (Inuit)	47,870	2,220	13,460	12,900	7,250	4,165	3,035	3,875	975
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁸	20,215	1,175	4,775	5,910	3,960	1,935	1,110	965	380
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁹	28,580	1,070	6,535	8,690	5,415	2,930	1,665	1,600	675
Non-Indigenous identity	28,987,880	1,015,390	5,560,580	7,968,440	5,714,595	3,530,530	2,128,710	2,036,250	1,033,385
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁵	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁵⁰	624,580	43,240	168,845	185,965	110,680	55,620	28,465	24,190	7,570
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	29,711,340	1,049,745	5,716,930	8,175,870	5,854,355	3,611,350	2,175,435	2,078,960	1,048,685
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁵²	732,445	45,005	187,580	223,510	136,810	68,085	34,315	28,700	8,430
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁵³	717,390	43,995	184,035	219,245	133,975	66,580	33,495	27,855	8,210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	564,215	37,520	150,105	174,550	103,735	50,265	24,045	18,620	5,375
Métis single ancestry	116,095	4,815	23,195	34,650	24,500	13,120	7,185	6,370	2,250
Inuit single ancestry	37,080	1,655	10,735	10,045	5,740	3,190	2,265	2,870	585
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁵⁴	15,055	1,010	3,550	4,265	2,835	1,505	815	845	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	12,660	855	2,975	3,615	2,415	1,285	680	680	165
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	1,475	90	390	380	250	135	90	120	25
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	725	60	140	210	140	70	45	40	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	195	0	40	65	35	20	15	15	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁵⁵	914,660	43,950	191,530	245,980	177,030	109,185	65,200	59,305	22,485
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁵⁶	888,885	42,540	185,770	239,210	172,205	106,140	63,350	57,770	21,895
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	605,480	29,215	129,720	167,490	117,895	70,505	40,975	36,215	13,465
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	269,640	12,555	52,920	68,310	52,050	34,205	21,360	20,285	7,950
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	13,765	770	3,125	3,410	2,265	1,425	1,020	1,275	480
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁵⁷	25,775	1,415	5,765	6,765	4,820	3,040	1,845	1,530	595
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	23,010	1,230	5,100	6,025	4,360	2,700	1,665	1,390	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,790	110	445	465	285	215	125	100	40
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	715	55	165	180	135	100	40	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	20	50	95	45	20	15	15	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁵⁸	28,688,815	1,004,030	5,506,660	7,892,350	5,651,200	3,489,710	2,104,385	2,015,140	1,025,340
Acceptable housing
Total - Acceptable housing for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Below affordability threshold only	4,250,890	194,035	1,339,410	1,657,095	648,885	249,795	95,705	55,295	10,665
Below suitability threshold only	2,020,845	133,910	495,735	659,640	390,325	176,100	82,190	62,125	20,820
Below adequacy threshold only	1,297,645	45,100	235,165	372,225	276,665	161,705	92,120	80,820	33,850
Below affordability and suitability thresholds	351,175	43,950	143,750	112,735	37,675	9,530	2,460	995	85
Below affordability and adequacy thresholds	299,165	13,760	104,560	119,275	40,030	13,440	4,810	2,825	465
Below suitability and adequacy thresholds	209,480	16,080	57,100	68,910	37,745	16,690	6,925	4,645	1,380
Below affordability, suitability and adequacy thresholds	25,660	2,970	10,400	8,405	2,895	710	200	75	0
Acceptable	21,881,065	643,185	3,499,655	5,363,550	4,530,815	3,039,005	1,919,490	1,896,370	988,990
Core housing need
Total - Household examined for core housing need for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,236,740	955,505	5,374,560	8,131,015	5,856,000	3,614,650	2,176,895	2,081,050	1,047,060
In core need	2,169,560	126,085	821,985	1,024,300	179,530	16,510	885	265	0
Not in core need	27,067,180	829,425	4,552,575	7,106,720	5,676,465	3,598,140	2,176,010	2,080,790	1,047,060
Tenure
Total - Tenure for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Owner	21,700,840	707,830	4,029,500	5,300,645	4,176,090	2,841,450	1,837,075	1,845,685	962,565
Renter	8,467,420	369,725	1,800,505	3,011,215	1,762,930	814,235	361,750	253,975	93,090
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	167,660	15,430	55,770	49,970	26,020	11,295	5,080	3,490	605
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Canadian citizens⁶³	27,482,260	864,325	5,120,660	7,485,870	5,451,580	3,448,690	2,091,180	2,008,160	1,011,795
Canadian citizens only	24,233,810	748,830	4,450,825	6,591,680	4,872,810	3,081,505	1,856,145	1,759,030	872,975
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	3,248,450	115,500	669,835	894,185	578,765	367,180	235,030	249,130	138,820
Not Canadian citizens⁶⁴	2,853,655	228,655	765,115	875,965	513,455	218,290	112,725	94,985	44,465
Immigrant status and period of immigrationNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNoteNote
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁵	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Non-immigrants⁶⁶	21,518,695	733,760	4,000,595	5,695,355	4,296,440	2,747,080	1,672,720	1,579,515	793,225
Immigrants⁶⁷	7,980,095	250,300	1,610,455	2,405,505	1,558,130	882,055	511,185	509,065	253,395
Before 1980	1,540,610	19,625	235,110	557,450	300,215	170,710	97,575	96,150	63,785
1980 to 1990	924,320	11,180	178,485	272,595	169,535	109,985	68,585	72,620	41,335
1991 to 2000	1,511,480	21,075	305,860	438,040	285,425	177,940	111,320	117,675	54,140
2001 to 2010	1,898,570	62,375	409,125	537,590	369,435	214,145	125,250	125,580	55,080
2011 to 2021⁶⁸	2,105,120	136,055	481,870	599,840	433,530	209,280	108,455	97,040	39,050
2011 to 2015	1,003,595	48,310	219,705	284,810	214,165	109,510	54,930	51,550	20,610
2016 to 2021	1,101,520	87,740	262,165	315,025	219,365	99,770	53,530	45,485	18,440
Non-permanent residents⁶⁹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁰	7,980,095	250,300	1,610,455	2,405,505	1,558,130	882,055	511,185	509,065	253,395
Under 5 years	542,190	36,580	119,865	124,080	87,790	63,250	41,970	43,365	25,290
5 to 14 years	1,263,105	87,520	275,170	315,510	212,920	145,130	90,285	89,875	46,695
15 to 24 years	1,594,295	34,045	279,315	523,700	346,460	181,725	96,240	89,335	43,465
25 to 44 years	3,783,335	65,615	629,165	1,146,910	822,650	456,820	266,080	270,665	125,425
45 years and over	797,180	26,530	306,935	295,310	88,320	35,130	16,620	15,825	12,510
Place of birth
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷¹	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Born in Canada	21,282,235	716,440	3,939,660	5,635,535	4,260,500	2,723,655	1,657,880	1,564,435	784,130
Born outside Canada	9,053,680	376,545	1,946,115	2,726,300	1,704,535	943,320	546,025	538,715	272,130
Americas	1,374,815	64,680	272,090	395,345	277,600	157,805	86,320	80,465	40,520
North America	319,135	21,815	69,700	75,710	52,300	33,465	22,000	25,165	18,975
United States of America	318,595	21,770	69,570	75,535	52,175	33,445	21,985	25,140	18,975
Other places of birth in North America	540	40	130	180	125	25	20	20	0
Central America	225,890	11,825	50,710	66,725	47,100	24,620	11,700	9,675	3,535
El Salvador	50,630	1,395	10,275	15,780	11,695	6,150	2,720	2,120	490
Guatemala	20,685	710	4,320	7,175	4,460	2,205	915	665	220
Mexico	121,685	8,260	28,995	34,370	23,770	12,480	6,135	5,405	2,270
Other places of birth in Central America	32,890	1,460	7,120	9,405	7,170	3,785	1,925	1,485	555
Caribbean and Bermuda	425,635	13,555	68,910	134,845	99,080	54,275	26,440	21,690	6,830
Barbados	14,705	360	2,140	5,100	3,460	1,795	855	735	270
Cuba	20,160	895	3,920	6,660	4,260	2,125	1,085	870	355
Dominican Republic	14,070	875	2,945	4,695	3,080	1,355	545	435	145
Grenada	10,010	230	1,420	3,445	2,600	1,270	535	410	100
Haiti	108,115	3,295	17,360	35,760	27,135	13,780	6,055	4,030	695
Jamaica	150,130	4,465	22,505	46,805	34,740	20,265	10,215	8,405	2,725
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	14,180	495	2,250	5,065	3,575	1,670	615	395	115
Trinidad and Tobago	66,450	1,455	11,135	19,425	13,995	8,885	4,865	4,920	1,780
Other places of birth in Caribbean and Bermuda	27,815	1,485	5,245	7,880	6,245	3,135	1,670	1,495	655
South America	404,160	17,485	82,770	118,055	79,120	45,440	26,170	23,935	11,180
Argentina	20,780	560	4,175	5,465	3,635	2,305	1,725	1,670	1,230
Brazil	69,985	4,515	14,515	17,615	12,830	7,890	5,140	5,035	2,450
Chile	30,305	1,050	5,920	9,680	6,055	3,335	1,950	1,640	675
Colombia	92,430	5,615	20,920	27,655	18,560	9,115	4,765	4,045	1,755
Ecuador	18,100	730	3,910	6,185	3,290	1,895	940	825	310
Guyana	86,830	1,345	15,605	27,210	18,160	11,060	5,970	5,350	2,135
Peru	33,445	1,130	6,710	9,905	7,015	3,850	2,140	1,890	800
Venezuela⁷²	31,440	1,890	6,635	7,930	5,620	3,445	2,255	2,355	1,310
Other places of birth in South America	20,840	640	4,375	6,410	3,950	2,545	1,280	1,125	520
Europe	2,100,680	51,100	350,120	654,030	400,695	246,165	153,175	155,230	90,175
Western Europe	449,485	13,975	71,670	133,215	89,730	54,460	34,075	32,955	19,400
Austria	14,530	235	1,940	5,265	2,870	1,675	970	910	665
Belgium	20,850	565	3,285	6,275	4,185	2,460	1,490	1,635	945
France	164,840	8,360	27,050	38,335	33,445	21,405	14,450	14,090	7,705
Germany	149,055	3,035	23,425	48,215	29,285	17,525	10,680	10,405	6,475
Netherlands	78,835	1,170	12,285	28,985	15,790	8,780	4,840	4,315	2,665
Switzerland	20,575	580	3,535	5,900	4,010	2,500	1,600	1,540	910
Other places of birth in Western Europe	810	35	145	230	135	120	50	65	30
Eastern Europe	519,935	12,775	96,175	150,000	94,470	61,850	41,200	43,240	20,225
Belarus	12,210	355	2,695	3,225	1,830	1,415	1,090	1,160	435
Bulgaria	18,985	515	3,545	4,965	3,570	2,375	1,685	1,540	780
Czechia	20,335	360	3,285	6,595	3,890	2,350	1,335	1,530	995
Hungary	32,470	925	5,920	12,020	6,095	3,075	1,695	1,710	1,025
Moldova⁷³	18,530	660	2,985	4,690	4,395	2,590	1,565	1,195	445
Poland	136,870	1,805	22,905	43,315	25,995	16,745	10,420	10,530	5,155
Romania	87,095	1,660	14,525	20,260	15,410	11,965	9,050	9,915	4,315
Russian Federation	84,175	3,200	19,315	22,860	13,170	8,660	6,390	7,170	3,410
Slovakia	13,640	315	2,310	4,065	2,655	1,635	955	1,120	590
Ukraine	82,610	2,725	16,615	23,895	14,950	9,435	6,045	6,350	2,600
Other places of birth in Eastern Europe	13,010	245	2,085	4,120	2,510	1,600	965	1,015	465
Northern Europe	558,895	12,790	80,870	157,765	109,005	71,230	44,660	48,745	33,830
Denmark	11,450	220	1,705	4,185	2,100	1,300	720	615	605
Ireland⁷⁴	33,080	995	4,345	7,475	6,550	4,940	3,150	3,535	2,085
United Kingdom⁷⁵	492,365	10,930	70,915	139,570	96,340	62,490	39,420	42,835	29,855
Other places of birth in Northern Europe	22,000	640	3,900	6,535	4,010	2,505	1,375	1,755	1,285
Southern Europe	572,370	11,565	101,400	213,050	107,495	58,630	33,235	30,280	16,720
Albania	18,805	480	3,780	5,615	3,805	2,325	1,315	1,055	425
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,200	435	6,570	9,730	7,280	4,845	3,070	2,890	1,380
Croatia	37,360	480	5,910	13,360	7,815	4,305	2,280	2,200	1,015
Greece	57,065	1,385	12,545	25,385	8,220	3,820	2,370	1,960	1,380
Italy	210,025	3,145	32,905	89,685	40,010	19,190	9,780	8,965	6,340
North Macedonia	10,285	150	2,135	3,240	1,965	1,155	645	655	340
Portugal	132,520	3,735	25,160	43,955	25,040	15,170	8,940	7,555	2,960
Serbia⁷⁶	32,435	605	5,890	9,085	5,705	4,035	2,710	2,885	1,510
Spain	13,585	750	2,255	3,835	2,485	1,510	885	1,060	815
Other places of birth in Southern Europe	24,090	395	4,260	9,155	5,160	2,280	1,230	1,065	545
Africa	853,940	44,950	172,975	236,870	174,550	98,010	53,255	48,275	25,060
Western Africa	185,530	12,490	35,855	46,960	40,440	23,760	12,525	10,145	3,355
Côte d'Ivoire	18,595	1,570	3,940	4,450	4,455	2,285	995	725	165
Ghana	27,815	900	5,005	7,485	6,030	3,905	2,085	1,810	590
Nigeria	92,695	7,430	18,380	22,845	18,705	11,510	6,340	5,440	2,045
Other places of birth in Western Africa	46,425	2,590	8,535	12,185	11,250	6,055	3,100	2,170	550
Eastern Africa	247,955	11,325	49,085	76,020	51,075	27,300	13,770	12,920	6,455
Eritrea	29,520	2,050	6,280	11,105	6,980	1,990	600	420	105
Ethiopia	41,275	1,605	8,230	14,520	9,215	4,260	1,810	1,245	400
Kenya	30,480	1,140	5,885	7,835	5,255	3,685	2,270	2,690	1,720
Mauritius	19,045	880	3,580	4,150	4,425	2,810	1,390	1,320	480
Somalia	32,710	1,600	7,635	12,510	6,010	2,655	1,200	900	195
Tanzania⁷⁷	22,005	565	4,290	6,205	3,900	2,415	1,530	1,850	1,250
Uganda	14,935	570	2,440	4,245	2,790	1,640	1,180	1,165	895
Zimbabwe	13,525	365	2,180	3,035	2,670	1,985	1,225	1,410	665
Other places of birth in Eastern Africa	44,470	2,560	8,575	12,410	9,835	5,855	2,565	1,925	735
Northern Africa	286,965	14,305	63,595	81,970	56,410	29,935	17,390	15,570	7,795
Algeria	79,135	3,740	17,005	22,315	17,640	8,785	5,070	3,555	1,030
Egypt	71,835	3,510	17,250	18,520	11,180	6,940	4,785	5,920	3,730
Morocco	84,540	3,880	17,825	25,215	17,915	9,245	4,750	3,890	1,815
Sudan⁷⁸	14,430	985	3,700	4,920	2,520	1,065	570	420	240
Tunisia	27,865	1,560	5,405	8,005	5,925	3,250	1,795	1,405	515
Other places of birth in Northern Africa	9,155	625	2,410	2,990	1,225	650	415	375	470
Central Africa	78,330	4,550	14,830	21,335	18,080	10,165	4,850	3,555	955
Cameroon	27,580	1,670	4,650	6,085	6,310	4,400	2,220	1,845	405
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	36,910	1,970	7,380	11,110	8,785	4,260	1,890	1,155	370
Other places of birth in Central Africa	13,835	910	2,800	4,145	2,980	1,515	740	560	185
Southern Africa	55,165	2,280	9,610	10,585	8,545	6,845	4,725	6,080	6,500
South Africa, Republic of	52,055	2,090	8,915	9,905	7,935	6,455	4,550	5,830	6,375
Other places of birth in Southern Africa	3,105	195	690	680	610	385	180	255	125
Asia	4,653,000	213,615	1,139,475	1,422,610	837,665	431,830	247,255	248,330	112,225
West Central Asia and the Middle East	743,055	42,760	199,610	238,935	111,170	56,080	34,835	38,485	21,170
Afghanistan	60,890	2,185	15,780	24,985	10,470	4,115	1,690	1,320	355
Iran⁷⁹	204,270	9,400	52,905	63,240	29,220	16,550	11,680	13,865	7,415
Iraq	80,640	4,380	24,255	29,550	11,940	4,725	2,395	2,145	1,250
Israel	27,285	1,695	5,865	6,795	4,105	2,605	1,820	2,215	2,175
Jordan	15,320	1,165	4,215	4,670	2,185	1,150	715	780	435
Kazakhstan	14,385	595	3,010	4,180	2,845	1,515	980	885	375
Kuwait	17,630	1,285	4,185	4,525	2,575	1,660	1,190	1,405	810
Lebanon	96,975	3,660	23,890	30,035	15,310	8,540	5,515	6,270	3,755
Saudi Arabia	29,760	3,115	9,140	7,710	3,840	2,285	1,520	1,540	615
Syria⁸⁰	79,920	7,005	24,770	29,160	11,480	3,475	1,530	1,575	930
Turkey	39,135	2,275	10,560	12,505	6,310	2,720	1,605	1,985	1,170
United Arab Emirates	23,765	2,890	7,140	5,375	2,950	2,135	1,295	1,420	565
Other places of birth in West Central Asia and the Middle East	53,075	3,110	13,890	16,220	7,940	4,610	2,900	3,080	1,320
Eastern Asia	1,291,730	58,575	379,770	372,410	186,330	107,370	69,135	78,070	40,070
China⁸¹	796,415	37,950	244,095	238,870	109,805	60,505	39,190	44,595	21,400
Hong Kong⁸²	219,420	6,240	53,145	54,100	33,850	23,485	17,055	19,975	11,575
Japan	38,550	2,215	10,650	11,300	6,735	3,380	1,625	1,475	1,180
Korea, South⁸³	159,280	9,805	46,035	47,995	24,995	12,940	6,995	7,195	3,320
Taiwan	69,875	2,120	23,580	17,660	9,700	6,230	3,865	4,370	2,350
Other places of birth in Eastern Asia	8,195	245	2,275	2,480	1,250	820	410	460	255
Southeast Asia	1,042,305	39,750	185,805	317,315	262,350	125,230	53,650	44,340	13,855
Cambodia	23,460	530	6,210	7,990	4,710	2,160	740	840	285
Indonesia	18,395	920	4,450	4,935	3,410	1,945	1,035	1,095	600
Laos⁸⁴	14,075	220	2,700	4,035	3,520	1,890	790	650	270
Malaysia	26,105	755	5,360	6,750	4,290	3,120	2,030	2,425	1,380
Philippines	717,565	27,825	109,385	213,010	201,790	94,355	37,300	27,735	6,165
Singapore	13,305	555	3,240	3,075	1,905	1,500	1,030	1,240	740
Thailand	19,210	1,095	4,630	5,810	3,970	1,865	905	680	260
Viet Nam	196,185	7,530	46,775	67,670	35,700	16,655	9,145	8,875	3,820
Other places of birth in Southeast Asia	14,010	315	3,060	4,040	3,065	1,730	665	810	330
Southern Asia	1,575,910	72,525	374,285	493,950	277,810	143,150	89,630	87,435	37,130
Bangladesh	74,390	3,760	19,275	25,430	12,515	5,870	3,220	3,205	1,115
India	1,110,590	51,080	258,440	337,870	198,175	104,600	67,595	65,395	27,435
Nepal	19,330	1,340	3,850	6,310	4,270	1,830	815	745	165
Pakistan	228,725	12,270	63,195	73,835	34,250	17,250	10,655	11,365	5,905
Sri Lanka	138,645	3,880	28,190	49,000	27,640	13,435	7,305	6,695	2,500
Other places of birth in Southern Asia	4,230	195	1,335	1,500	965	165	40	30	0
Oceania	71,175	2,215	11,445	17,430	14,005	9,510	6,015	6,410	4,145
Australia	31,290	1,240	4,725	6,550	5,615	3,935	3,105	3,450	2,685
Fiji	25,025	345	4,415	7,645	5,735	3,575	1,640	1,290	390
New Zealand	12,780	465	1,820	2,745	2,285	1,775	1,115	1,575	1,015
Other places of birth in Oceania	2,075	170	485	495	370	225	160	105	65
Other places of birth⁸⁵	75	0	0	0	20	0	0	0	0
Place of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁶	7,980,095	250,300	1,610,455	2,405,505	1,558,130	882,055	511,185	509,065	253,395
Americas	1,151,505	38,195	208,455	335,380	243,915	141,850	77,545	71,850	34,315
Brazil	45,350	1,785	7,755	10,220	9,020	6,080	4,060	4,330	2,100
Colombia	77,120	2,825	15,565	23,315	16,720	8,610	4,565	3,885	1,625
El Salvador	48,735	1,150	9,625	15,230	11,455	6,050	2,670	2,085	475
Guyana	85,260	1,150	15,135	26,730	17,955	10,985	5,910	5,295	2,105
Haiti	96,315	2,510	15,210	31,045	23,900	13,150	5,910	3,925	670
Jamaica	141,700	3,475	20,380	44,100	33,200	19,665	10,030	8,205	2,635
Mexico	86,095	3,515	18,380	24,045	18,430	10,120	5,115	4,560	1,925
Peru	30,780	665	5,870	9,270	6,730	3,660	2,025	1,820	730
Trinidad and Tobago	64,595	1,195	10,580	19,000	13,760	8,725	4,790	4,835	1,705
United States of America	231,865	12,905	45,675	56,310	40,070	25,860	17,025	19,605	14,425
Other places of birth in Americas	243,700	7,020	44,270	76,105	52,675	28,955	15,445	13,300	5,930
Europe	1,929,735	35,780	310,380	610,510	371,485	229,090	143,190	145,485	83,810
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35,845	410	6,460	9,640	7,215	4,810	3,040	2,890	1,375
Croatia	36,365	385	5,700	13,060	7,600	4,205	2,240	2,180	1,005
France	115,095	2,695	14,350	26,185	24,735	16,930	11,910	12,030	6,265
Germany	124,575	2,035	19,400	43,350	24,670	13,895	8,175	7,830	5,210
Greece	53,965	1,090	11,710	24,335	7,785	3,610	2,240	1,880	1,320
Hungary	30,490	615	5,350	11,460	5,835	2,935	1,655	1,650	985
Italy	202,520	2,545	31,170	87,250	38,755	18,470	9,515	8,645	6,170
Netherlands	75,290	950	11,580	27,915	15,180	8,435	4,625	4,110	2,495
Poland	134,555	1,595	22,340	42,695	25,580	16,500	10,325	10,440	5,085
Portugal	128,135	3,265	24,185	42,630	24,395	14,735	8,650	7,390	2,885
Romania	85,460	1,525	14,085	19,740	15,170	11,845	8,985	9,855	4,255
Russian Federation	79,195	2,435	17,585	21,625	12,625	8,365	6,210	6,985	3,355
Serbia⁷⁶	31,365	495	5,650	8,800	5,500	3,940	2,640	2,845	1,490
Ukraine	77,210	1,935	14,980	22,530	14,025	9,155	5,870	6,205	2,510
United Kingdom⁷⁵	456,490	8,795	63,475	130,120	89,950	58,600	37,200	40,395	27,950
Other places of birth in Europe	263,170	5,000	42,350	79,175	52,460	32,645	19,920	20,165	11,455
Africa	746,090	31,475	138,715	203,355	157,915	92,425	51,220	46,780	24,200
Algeria	71,875	2,630	13,975	20,220	16,930	8,605	5,010	3,495	1,005
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	31,180	1,335	5,475	9,280	7,830	4,015	1,815	1,100	340
Egypt	67,060	2,740	15,575	17,270	10,605	6,725	4,665	5,810	3,665
Eritrea	28,750	1,930	6,050	10,795	6,885	1,980	600	420	105
Ethiopia	39,160	1,275	7,520	13,855	8,970	4,175	1,750	1,220	385
Morocco	76,785	2,590	14,840	23,035	17,150	8,860	4,660	3,845	1,800
Nigeria	68,415	4,335	11,545	15,165	14,120	10,135	5,940	5,220	1,965
Somalia	31,300	1,410	7,230	11,910	5,850	2,640	1,190	890	185
South Africa, Republic of	48,040	1,500	7,885	9,200	7,390	6,065	4,280	5,565	6,150
Other places of birth in Africa	283,525	11,735	48,615	72,620	62,190	39,230	21,310	19,205	8,615
Asia	4,092,640	143,525	943,875	1,241,585	772,500	410,285	234,000	239,330	107,535
Afghanistan	59,550	1,960	15,305	24,550	10,315	4,090	1,655	1,320	355
Iran⁷⁹	176,845	5,335	43,245	54,335	26,155	15,680	11,290	13,575	7,225
Iraq	78,830	4,020	23,720	29,025	11,700	4,670	2,355	2,115	1,230
Lebanon	90,735	2,645	21,625	28,395	14,630	8,245	5,375	6,135	3,685
Syria⁸⁰	78,260	6,720	24,140	28,695	11,390	3,415	1,470	1,535	900
Turkey	32,265	1,210	7,895	10,625	5,600	2,470	1,515	1,845	1,105
China⁸¹	693,005	20,965	195,515	216,645	101,385	57,410	37,580	43,220	20,280
Hong Kong⁸²	210,315	4,470	49,430	52,530	33,035	23,015	16,745	19,665	11,425
Korea, South⁸³	134,185	5,110	36,950	41,465	22,155	12,040	6,610	6,820	3,035
Taiwan	64,700	1,360	21,445	16,515	9,135	5,985	3,740	4,255	2,270
Philippines	683,505	24,010	101,635	199,270	195,525	92,940	36,735	27,375	6,005
Viet Nam	178,810	4,450	39,970	62,585	34,165	16,205	8,930	8,745	3,755
Bangladesh	65,855	2,860	15,935	22,265	11,710	5,660	3,145	3,170	1,110
India	853,780	28,700	179,815	239,040	165,045	94,125	59,860	61,100	26,090
Pakistan	220,145	11,035	60,245	71,295	33,265	16,840	10,470	11,195	5,790
Sri Lanka	134,350	3,080	26,905	47,675	27,095	13,285	7,215	6,610	2,490
Other places of birth in Asia	337,500	15,605	80,100	96,665	60,205	34,195	19,300	20,645	10,780
Oceania and other places of birth⁸⁷	60,130	1,320	9,030	14,675	12,310	8,400	5,230	5,625	3,535
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁸	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
First generation⁸⁹	9,053,680	376,545	1,946,115	2,726,300	1,704,535	943,320	546,025	538,715	272,130
Second generation⁹⁰	4,503,475	229,975	889,125	1,104,535	784,045	550,695	360,000	374,340	210,760
Third generation or more⁹¹	16,778,760	486,465	3,050,530	4,531,000	3,476,460	2,172,960	1,297,885	1,190,100	573,370
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹²	30,335,920	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,830	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Economic immigrants⁹³	3,424,655	121,695	656,910	861,735	673,570	420,850	266,435	285,715	137,740
Principal applicants⁹⁴	1,556,680	18,410	193,660	365,470	340,060	227,640	151,790	172,210	87,440
Secondary applicants⁹⁵	1,867,980	103,290	463,245	496,265	333,510	193,210	114,650	113,505	50,300
Immigrants sponsored by family⁹⁶	1,965,480	68,545	480,115	620,415	380,490	192,640	98,630	87,410	37,240
Refugees⁹⁷	961,115	37,035	217,490	335,510	186,940	89,650	44,755	36,550	13,185
Other immigrants⁹⁸	88,235	3,405	20,835	30,395	16,925	8,205	3,790	3,235	1,440
Admission category - not applicable⁹⁹	23,896,430	862,305	4,510,430	6,513,775	4,707,120	2,955,625	1,790,285	1,690,235	866,650
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁰	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Total visible minority population¹⁰¹	7,721,915	454,750	1,846,135	2,248,230	1,387,155	758,425	430,425	414,205	182,595
South Asian	2,083,390	124,675	507,925	611,695	346,895	191,190	121,180	121,940	57,880
Chinese	1,455,195	72,015	409,870	389,470	205,610	131,845	90,020	102,815	53,550
Black	1,144,100	76,390	236,365	337,830	236,295	129,575	63,220	49,700	14,735
Filipino	781,550	39,105	131,180	228,520	206,900	98,730	40,380	30,095	6,640
Arab	512,030	38,280	137,580	155,315	80,805	40,710	23,780	23,740	11,805
Latin American	495,580	30,115	108,570	148,920	99,525	51,055	26,480	22,445	8,475
Southeast Asian	324,255	18,370	78,975	102,355	60,055	30,195	15,230	13,530	5,545
West Asian	298,990	16,820	79,825	98,270	44,305	22,655	14,015	15,255	7,855
Korean	183,190	12,290	53,515	52,955	27,485	14,995	8,605	8,970	4,375
Japanese	80,550	4,105	18,545	20,520	14,055	8,920	5,550	5,365	3,490
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹⁰²	142,120	7,020	30,675	41,650	27,155	16,125	8,630	7,945	2,915
Multiple visible minorities	220,955	15,560	53,105	60,720	38,070	22,440	13,335	12,395	5,330
Not a visible minority¹⁰³	22,614,005	638,240	4,039,640	6,113,610	4,577,875	2,908,550	1,773,475	1,688,945	873,670
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁰⁴	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Canadian	4,450,735	143,915	855,955	1,257,090	943,295	553,610	310,700	269,015	117,150
English	4,498,820	136,750	807,980	1,155,740	872,050	584,765	371,050	370,485	200,005
Irish	3,651,090	117,410	651,690	921,740	714,375	481,585	304,100	302,295	157,895
Scottish	3,660,225	117,255	649,180	910,485	712,905	485,740	309,815	310,520	164,320
French, n.o.s.¹⁰⁵	3,318,660	93,990	586,725	867,780	685,090	438,465	275,510	251,665	119,440
German	2,404,875	84,630	439,745	606,625	457,940	312,760	199,410	198,720	105,040
Chinese	1,435,960	71,375	391,055	383,880	209,525	134,960	90,705	102,355	52,100
Italian	1,251,110	43,935	224,400	323,225	231,375	157,580	103,325	107,425	59,845
Indian (India)	1,115,175	61,720	258,665	310,910	186,300	110,385	73,510	76,220	37,465
Ukrainian	1,013,980	36,135	182,495	248,215	187,620	135,060	90,305	88,745	45,390
Dutch	770,010	27,310	143,490	192,665	145,955	100,610	64,350	63,340	32,290
Polish	806,955	26,010	146,025	202,185	147,565	106,160	69,090	70,530	39,390
Québécois	808,925	15,275	142,300	242,835	190,350	105,505	55,205	41,730	15,730
British Isles, n.o.s.¹⁰⁶	810,330	23,345	138,780	204,305	151,710	107,195	68,725	72,090	44,175
Filipino	743,600	38,145	127,870	215,930	192,780	93,055	39,300	29,440	7,070
French Canadian	771,800	16,565	137,340	216,315	166,830	100,865	59,335	51,925	22,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹⁰⁷	550,310	18,355	98,225	149,020	115,525	71,085	41,120	38,220	18,760
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹⁰⁸	467,770	25,560	108,880	134,335	90,690	50,225	27,460	22,870	7,765
Métis	423,300	19,600	84,595	113,155	83,680	51,525	30,995	28,810	10,950
European, n.o.s.¹⁰⁹	445,855	15,025	78,590	109,410	84,850	58,215	39,150	39,140	21,470
Russian	447,415	16,800	89,310	114,885	77,895	53,280	35,640	37,430	22,175
Norwegian	378,580	14,125	68,960	93,245	70,380	49,400	31,725	33,195	17,560
Welsh	384,410	12,210	68,795	96,555	73,440	50,080	32,905	33,065	17,360
Portuguese	357,820	17,070	70,275	96,140	67,275	44,340	27,915	24,710	10,110
American	292,325	11,675	57,115	75,490	53,350	35,585	22,095	23,115	13,900
Spanish	279,940	13,960	56,490	77,595	53,875	32,735	18,760	18,180	8,355
Swedish	274,775	10,095	50,775	68,565	50,820	35,675	23,215	23,265	12,365
Hungarian	258,800	9,920	48,375	65,795	47,795	32,750	20,805	22,205	11,155
Acadian	254,305	6,615	46,110	72,850	55,365	32,220	19,815	15,510	5,815
Pakistani	224,825	18,445	64,905	66,730	30,815	16,455	10,215	11,230	6,025
African, n.o.s.¹¹⁰	224,970	14,450	46,040	64,570	44,960	25,715	13,605	11,410	4,235
Jewish	226,925	7,890	41,985	48,800	33,090	25,495	19,390	24,465	25,810
Punjabi	231,425	12,445	60,980	73,825	39,755	19,745	10,850	9,415	4,415
Vietnamese	225,445	13,275	55,870	71,525	38,810	20,060	11,480	10,260	4,165
Arab, n.o.s.¹¹¹	185,085	15,350	50,360	54,130	29,200	14,970	8,535	8,420	4,120
Greek	211,835	8,680	43,600	61,540	34,380	22,145	15,230	15,895	10,360
Jamaican	187,505	11,225	36,630	55,635	38,055	22,105	11,400	9,250	3,200
Asian, n.o.s.¹¹²	181,195	10,550	43,450	51,925	34,615	17,990	9,515	9,320	3,830
Cree, n.o.s.¹¹³	154,305	11,935	39,240	44,225	27,120	14,660	8,160	6,670	2,300
Korean	178,325	12,115	52,215	51,355	26,520	14,630	8,455	8,710	4,330
Romanian	177,690	6,450	32,865	41,640	31,805	23,055	16,130	16,700	9,050
Lebanese	161,570	8,410	37,850	45,065	25,575	16,005	10,525	11,160	6,985
Iranian	169,995	9,250	45,435	50,975	24,020	13,680	9,490	10,920	6,210
Christian, n.i.e.¹¹⁴	162,060	5,895	31,955	46,885	34,015	19,290	10,310	9,425	4,280
Danish	160,835	5,785	30,420	40,515	28,980	20,540	13,295	13,675	7,625
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹¹⁵	148,200	7,710	35,025	48,020	28,350	14,485	6,920	5,735	1,950
Sikh	160,195	8,455	41,455	51,275	29,375	13,615	7,420	6,010	2,600
Austrian	160,495	4,940	27,935	39,355	29,910	20,780	14,085	14,660	8,830
Belgian	147,700	4,690	26,360	36,485	29,070	19,465	12,865	12,425	6,330
Haitian	132,100	6,730	25,580	41,100	29,875	15,615	7,130	5,095	970
Hindu	135,955	8,340	30,480	37,775	23,405	13,265	9,160	9,435	4,090
Mexican	112,200	9,455	27,740	30,690	20,515	10,715	5,665	5,225	2,195
Mennonite	115,030	4,560	25,510	29,960	21,295	14,350	8,390	7,170	3,785
Swiss	116,050	4,415	22,925	28,465	21,005	14,650	9,630	9,525	5,440
Finnish	114,275	4,350	21,705	28,090	21,185	14,505	9,575	9,985	4,865
Sri Lankan	107,860	6,165	24,660	35,765	19,495	9,565	5,315	4,785	2,105
Croatian	106,170	4,155	20,525	27,010	18,390	13,040	8,800	9,430	4,820
Japanese	98,530	5,650	23,110	24,715	16,785	10,855	6,875	6,480	4,060
South Asian, n.o.s.¹¹⁶	96,710	5,580	23,100	27,160	15,360	9,505	6,090	6,490	3,430
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹¹⁷	88,410	4,025	18,735	25,450	17,660	9,855	5,605	5,140	1,945
Northern European, n.o.s.¹¹⁸	89,775	3,105	16,300	21,370	16,910	12,035	7,880	7,735	4,435
Muslim	74,890	6,315	21,020	22,235	11,155	5,625	3,470	3,385	1,695
Egyptian	79,340	4,705	19,350	19,275	11,970	7,620	5,345	6,725	4,355
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹¹⁹	81,360	5,400	18,125	23,605	15,430	8,620	4,560	3,935	1,690
Tamil	82,405	4,800	18,855	25,975	13,875	7,535	4,925	4,785	1,655
Icelandic	80,850	2,825	14,540	19,765	14,590	10,500	7,375	7,335	3,915
Colombian	77,440	5,745	18,095	22,195	14,925	7,755	4,045	3,370	1,310
Moroccan	71,240	4,360	16,760	20,535	13,345	7,115	3,810	3,300	2,025
Czech	79,540	2,715	14,625	19,565	14,765	9,960	6,730	7,115	4,065
Syrian	70,005	5,500	20,170	22,815	10,120	4,465	2,665	2,680	1,590
Guyanese	76,290	3,595	15,535	21,245	14,595	9,210	5,470	4,725	1,910
Afghan	70,665	4,700	19,805	26,970	10,900	4,305	1,975	1,550	465
Black, n.o.s.¹²⁰	74,605	4,485	14,460	22,660	15,295	8,795	4,255	3,455	1,195
Serbian	76,605	3,270	15,985	19,185	12,750	9,240	6,130	6,545	3,495
Ojibway	66,240	4,810	18,770	19,470	11,520	5,935	2,775	2,240	710
Newfoundlander	76,670	2,630	15,150	21,320	15,130	9,270	5,405	5,115	2,650
Hong Konger	69,470	3,150	18,720	16,615	9,740	7,135	5,225	5,955	2,940
Ontarian	66,410	2,355	13,355	17,315	13,475	8,365	5,110	4,435	2,000
Persian	68,105	3,285	17,525	20,475	9,635	5,785	3,955	4,720	2,720
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	57,940	3,195	11,490	15,330	10,910	7,255	4,100	4,070	1,590
Turkish	60,200	4,110	15,955	17,560	9,170	4,850	3,010	3,470	2,075
Inuit, n.o.s.¹²¹	52,210	2,690	14,125	13,785	8,275	4,800	3,370	4,090	1,075
Bangladeshi	59,480	4,030	16,590	19,190	9,315	4,530	2,460	2,540	830
Algerian	51,535	3,475	13,010	13,910	10,140	5,080	2,910	2,250	760
Brazilian	53,180	3,795	11,450	13,420	9,760	5,860	3,755	3,430	1,710
Nigerian	47,615	4,300	10,700	11,660	8,625	5,490	3,095	2,710	1,045
Armenian	56,430	2,290	12,570	16,535	9,640	5,630	3,400	4,005	2,365
Slovak	55,500	1,900	10,540	13,205	9,955	7,300	4,620	5,040	2,945
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹²²	55,015	1,805	9,775	11,995	9,440	6,990	4,955	5,650	4,400
Somali	47,755	4,290	13,710	16,885	7,215	3,040	1,430	995	175
Taiwanese	53,140	2,230	18,395	13,010	7,135	4,735	2,845	3,155	1,640
Iraqi	45,630	3,360	13,645	15,840	6,250	2,715	1,495	1,440	885
Salvadorean	44,115	2,360	9,805	13,885	9,405	4,950	2,055	1,340	305
African Caribbean	48,420	2,575	8,900	13,160	10,165	6,000	3,375	3,240	1,005
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹²³	48,715	2,715	11,535	13,385	9,045	5,055	2,810	3,010	1,155
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹²⁴	44,145	3,390	11,370	12,645	6,435	3,535	2,370	2,765	1,635
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹²⁵	44,570	2,440	8,650	12,585	8,985	5,395	2,980	2,695	845
Algonquin	44,995	1,605	9,235	12,615	9,035	5,615	3,215	2,820	850
West Indian, n.o.s.¹²⁶	42,975	2,050	8,265	12,220	8,510	5,350	2,885	2,705	990
Lithuanian	43,685	1,240	7,575	10,090	7,615	5,815	3,990	4,365	2,990
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²⁷	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Buddhist	325,365	13,205	84,390	104,735	56,875	29,555	15,575	14,540	6,495
Christian	16,802,840	497,530	3,108,350	4,737,870	3,446,120	2,078,645	1,222,290	1,142,780	569,255
Christian, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,190,755	95,270	448,190	582,765	426,985	262,955	157,565	148,080	68,940
Anabaptist	112,800	4,365	25,410	30,475	21,335	13,105	7,910	6,730	3,475
Anglican	1,048,060	23,120	181,945	296,710	211,215	132,565	79,150	76,555	46,795
Baptist	388,345	10,490	80,085	120,195	79,155	44,295	23,700	20,780	9,640
Catholic	9,481,175	264,375	1,698,965	2,674,630	2,001,825	1,191,100	697,855	644,265	308,165
Christian Orthodox	524,680	20,410	109,325	148,450	90,865	57,240	37,985	39,470	20,930
Jehovah's Witness	122,345	4,145	31,920	44,625	21,330	10,250	4,935	3,865	1,270
Latter Day Saints	68,950	3,440	16,470	19,485	11,950	6,880	4,215	4,120	2,385
Lutheran	302,455	6,340	49,440	86,285	60,130	39,400	23,715	24,040	13,110
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90,835	2,595	19,435	29,235	17,880	9,200	5,240	4,825	2,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	330,150	15,545	72,105	99,585	65,550	36,365	18,545	16,260	6,195
Presbyterian	280,580	6,115	48,625	79,025	57,510	36,165	21,095	20,280	11,755
Reformed	63,335	1,595	12,580	16,420	11,970	8,220	5,240	4,940	2,375
United Church	1,140,805	19,295	187,540	317,610	237,700	152,195	90,255	86,445	49,760
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	657,585	20,435	126,310	192,370	130,725	78,710	44,865	42,130	22,035
Hindu	685,380	41,020	154,425	190,930	116,015	67,355	46,835	47,785	21,010
Jewish	277,855	7,920	48,355	60,010	41,200	31,565	23,055	29,930	35,810
Muslim	1,309,485	101,810	359,885	403,710	204,015	100,830	57,725	55,450	26,060
Sikh	641,920	33,460	165,015	207,625	114,765	55,990	29,440	24,830	10,800
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	57,275	4,900	16,465	16,570	9,625	4,975	2,335	1,915	490
Other religions and spiritual traditions	203,965	7,030	43,830	64,010	38,910	21,645	12,130	11,195	5,220
No religion and secular perspectives	10,031,835	386,100	1,905,065	2,576,370	1,937,510	1,276,415	794,520	774,735	381,125
School attendance
Total - School attendance for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²⁹	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
Did not attend school	26,203,100	392,650	4,181,745	7,334,235	5,615,715	3,499,695	2,113,970	2,031,310	1,033,785
Attended school	4,132,820	700,340	1,704,035	1,027,595	349,320	167,280	89,925	71,840	22,475
Attended elementary or secondary school only	1,382,710	636,590	652,690	70,510	14,660	4,455	1,895	1,360	550
Attended postsecondary school only	2,731,010	62,555	1,042,940	951,975	332,490	161,805	87,430	70,035	21,770
Attended college, CEGEP, trade school or other non-university institution	1,186,165	31,995	422,315	430,765	173,130	70,175	29,995	21,430	6,360
Attended university	1,526,195	30,225	614,500	514,430	156,710	90,315	56,745	48,020	15,255
Attended both college, CEGEP, trade school or other non-university institution and university	18,650	335	6,130	6,785	2,650	1,320	685	590	160
Attended both elementary or secondary school and postsecondary school	19,100	1,195	8,405	5,115	2,175	1,020	605	445	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹³⁰	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,474,175	685,700	1,621,510	1,817,250	777,035	317,460	128,585	90,505	36,130
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹³¹	24,861,745	407,285	4,264,270	6,544,585	5,187,995	3,349,515	2,075,320	2,012,645	1,020,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹³⁰	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,899,575	679,735	1,530,500	1,607,980	640,390	247,755	97,930	67,540	27,755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹³²	8,097,295	204,875	2,100,540	2,670,735	1,586,800	784,995	353,410	274,035	121,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,339,045	208,375	2,254,735	4,083,120	3,737,845	2,634,230	1,752,560	1,761,575	906,600
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,252,800	90,080	1,281,105	2,559,955	2,287,420	1,393,295	738,825	652,670	249,445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,641,560	23,055	336,435	761,045	661,380	405,795	210,710	178,195	64,940
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹³³	1,458,160	13,630	214,185	468,210	394,330	201,545	84,865	60,890	20,510
Apprenticeship certificate¹³⁴	1,183,395	9,430	122,250	292,835	267,050	204,245	125,845	117,305	44,425
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹³⁵	5,714,490	55,245	814,020	1,558,340	1,415,905	857,685	453,760	403,870	155,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	896,755	11,780	130,645	240,570	210,135	129,820	74,355	70,605	28,845
Bachelor’s degree or higher	8,086,245	118,295	973,630	1,523,165	1,450,430	1,240,930	1,013,735	1,108,900	657,150
Bachelor's degree	5,295,360	71,315	677,365	1,075,725	1,020,660	829,880	644,160	644,365	331,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	556,515	8,695	63,010	105,245	101,050	87,485	73,520	77,145	40,360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	214,110	4,020	25,615	28,495	23,340	23,435	19,395	29,695	60,110
Master's degree	1,740,600	30,085	182,995	279,175	272,250	266,850	242,235	294,140	172,875
Earned doctorate¹³⁶	279,665	4,180	24,650	34,525	33,125	33,285	34,430	63,565	51,910
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹³⁷	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹³⁸	12,996,870	884,610	3,631,040	4,278,710	2,227,185	1,032,745	451,340	341,570	149,665
Education	1,113,015	8,150	106,730	209,510	257,055	203,390	185,905	122,435	19,845
13. Education	1,113,015	8,150	106,730	209,510	257,055	203,390	185,905	122,435	19,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	631,255	9,420	121,140	204,715	136,150	76,305	39,540	31,335	12,655
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,785	820	11,270	21,575	18,010	11,365	5,900	4,375	1,470
50. Visual and performing arts	556,470	8,605	109,865	183,145	118,145	64,940	33,635	26,955	11,180
Humanities	926,560	14,400	163,315	249,255	193,235	128,870	77,085	69,385	31,015
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	106,345	2,275	20,285	28,825	22,645	14,095	8,685	7,045	2,480
23. English language and literature/letters	184,600	2,970	31,030	46,335	37,895	27,075	16,325	15,810	7,165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	316,050	5,320	65,490	97,385	64,430	36,830	20,275	17,630	8,690
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹³⁹	18,935	145	2,540	4,430	4,145	3,170	1,915	1,805	785
38. Philosophy and religious studies	57,745	960	9,460	14,920	11,470	7,980	5,065	5,025	2,870
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,510	815	11,995	21,675	18,300	12,630	6,260	4,555	1,275
54. History	108,930	1,085	14,135	22,510	21,480	17,920	12,270	13,160	6,375
55. French language and literature/letters^CAN	56,435	830	8,385	13,180	12,860	9,175	6,300	4,350	1,360
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,016,125	24,115	278,690	479,865	438,665	294,960	186,175	192,400	121,250
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	29,435	335	4,530	7,470	6,230	4,570	2,950	2,370	985
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	233,400	3,170	31,110	56,630	52,495	37,125	23,710	20,635	8,535
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	344,150	3,590	55,840	112,755	107,055	38,775	14,415	8,890	2,835
22. Legal professions and studies	325,785	4,640	40,565	63,995	59,770	45,915	28,290	37,090	45,520
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁴⁰	49,855	475	7,285	12,750	11,115	7,740	4,490	4,210	1,795
42. Psychology	327,960	3,440	44,300	76,310	67,645	52,945	36,355	33,810	13,150
45. Social sciences	705,540	8,470	95,065	149,955	134,355	107,900	75,980	85,390	48,430
Business, management and public administration	3,758,250	48,970	475,495	873,995	834,060	564,545	339,320	366,365	255,500
30.16 Accounting and computer science	5,335	35	840	1,485	1,245	745	420	380	185
44. Public administration and social service professions	272,240	1,985	27,465	58,690	66,650	52,110	34,370	24,265	6,700
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,480,675	46,945	447,190	813,815	766,170	511,690	304,535	341,720	248,610
Physical and life sciences and technologies	719,715	10,820	123,995	160,275	123,490	98,170	73,855	81,710	47,400
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	297,055	4,620	47,350	65,670	52,240	41,995	32,270	33,300	19,610
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155,960	2,535	30,255	36,570	26,165	19,870	15,140	16,360	9,060
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁴¹	35,380	315	13,815	11,160	3,805	2,580	1,490	1,570	635
40. Physical sciences	196,620	2,945	27,815	38,080	32,725	28,165	22,055	27,840	16,990
41. Science technologies/technicians	34,710	405	4,750	8,800	8,550	5,570	2,900	2,645	1,100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	804,230	15,310	107,515	156,510	140,095	117,620	98,265	116,630	52,285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	643,145	12,825	85,040	125,185	110,765	93,805	80,115	95,520	39,890
25. Library science	43,085	380	4,765	10,000	11,185	7,705	4,280	3,735	1,025
27. Mathematics and statistics	99,360	1,840	14,935	18,440	15,805	13,680	11,335	14,045	9,290
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁴²	18,640	265	2,785	2,885	2,340	2,430	2,530	3,325	2,080
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,506,120	38,940	368,030	735,620	716,235	586,255	405,245	438,440	217,350
04. Architecture and related services	135,020	1,985	18,720	27,620	25,485	22,240	14,685	16,120	8,170
14. Engineering	900,475	17,980	112,175	155,290	128,530	122,355	108,015	154,645	101,490
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	726,155	7,060	72,090	142,520	148,055	124,050	88,930	95,330	48,115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	575	0	90	180	120	65	70	40	0
46. Construction trades	703,905	5,125	64,915	162,730	163,270	130,100	80,220	71,900	25,645
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	659,480	4,270	62,720	150,435	154,335	119,135	74,910	70,205	23,475
48. Precision production	380,505	2,505	37,320	96,850	96,445	68,310	38,425	30,210	10,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	407,545	3,945	55,120	101,260	93,130	63,265	38,600	36,920	15,305
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁴³	262,580	2,970	39,995	71,455	61,660	37,525	20,555	19,400	9,020
03. Natural resources and conservation	144,960	980	15,125	29,805	31,470	25,735	18,045	17,520	6,290
Health and related fields	2,444,500	23,790	297,720	590,635	576,525	372,470	240,910	231,020	111,430
30.37 Design for human health	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180,785	1,425	25,355	47,955	38,220	27,505	17,980	16,620	5,730
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁴³	2,194,395	21,150	266,625	536,445	532,970	338,195	216,700	204,025	78,285
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	5,255	40	275	510	490	625	555	1,880	870
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	64,030	1,175	5,460	5,710	4,840	6,140	5,675	8,490	26,545
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,006,425	10,470	155,880	320,155	228,155	127,655	67,235	74,470	22,405
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	548,525	7,590	115,080	226,690	127,015	44,100	14,800	9,705	3,550
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,965	55	250	345	315	520	510	1,230	735
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	6,900	45	735	1,425	1,515	1,315	870	700	300
43. Security and protective services	227,835	1,065	18,345	42,645	46,705	40,900	28,725	41,595	7,850
49. Transportation and materials moving	219,205	1,715	21,465	49,050	52,605	40,820	22,325	21,245	9,970
Other¹⁴⁴	5,305	60	1,100	1,335	1,065	710	425	450	170
Location of study
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁴⁵	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,996,870	884,610	3,631,040	4,278,710	2,227,185	1,032,745	451,340	341,570	149,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁴⁶	17,339,045	208,375	2,254,735	4,083,120	3,737,845	2,634,230	1,752,560	1,761,575	906,600
Location of study inside Canada	14,000,605	98,930	1,634,205	3,185,265	3,074,855	2,247,510	1,507,190	1,494,905	757,750
Same as province or territory of residence	12,293,820	84,655	1,441,405	2,831,345	2,758,910	1,987,995	1,311,530	1,266,455	611,525
Different than province or territory of residence	1,706,790	14,280	192,810	353,915	315,945	259,515	195,665	228,445	146,225
Location of study outside Canada¹⁴⁷	3,338,435	109,445	620,525	897,855	663,000	386,720	245,370	266,675	148,845
Americas	628,110	21,600	100,470	137,315	109,890	78,980	58,305	71,840	49,715
United States of America	388,300	10,350	54,035	70,925	59,450	50,845	42,525	57,030	43,150
Other locations of study in Americas	239,805	11,250	46,440	66,395	50,440	28,135	15,785	14,805	6,560
Europe	794,990	18,445	122,495	202,100	151,790	101,405	68,870	78,960	50,925
United Kingdom⁷⁵	249,115	4,775	33,160	56,615	45,590	32,305	23,085	29,775	23,805
France	115,580	4,895	14,945	24,225	24,025	16,810	11,815	12,135	6,725
Other locations of study in Europe	430,295	8,780	74,385	121,255	82,170	52,295	33,965	37,045	20,400
Africa	249,615	11,535	46,590	68,770	56,140	29,705	15,230	13,410	8,235
Asia	1,610,180	56,465	343,745	479,280	335,750	169,080	96,525	94,090	35,235
India	476,120	20,865	90,970	132,790	92,605	51,145	37,715	37,005	13,030
Philippines	354,515	5,605	37,365	101,640	115,115	54,520	20,965	16,080	3,215
China⁸¹	235,705	7,570	69,535	68,430	34,800	19,685	13,195	15,835	6,645
Other locations of study in Asia	543,840	22,420	145,885	176,425	93,230	43,730	24,640	25,165	12,345
Oceania	55,540	1,400	7,225	10,390	9,430	7,540	6,445	8,375	4,730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁴⁸	30,335,920	1,092,990	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,980	2,203,900	2,103,145	1,056,260
In the labour force	19,310,340	258,925	2,385,190	4,664,315	4,386,490	2,929,815	1,885,785	1,870,620	929,200
Employed	17,321,700	178,215	1,855,090	3,842,820	4,051,470	2,812,505	1,836,190	1,833,320	912,090
Unemployed	1,988,645	80,715	530,100	821,495	335,020	117,315	49,595	37,295	17,105
Not in the labour force	11,025,580	834,055	3,500,585	3,697,515	1,578,545	737,160	318,120	232,530	127,060
Participation rate	63.7	23.7	40.5	55.8	73.5	79.9	85.6	88.9	88.0
Employment rate	57.1	16.3	31.5	46.0	67.9	76.7	83.3	87.2	86.4
Unemployment rate	10.3	31.2	22.2	17.6	7.6	4.0	2.6	2.0	1.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁴⁹	30,335,915	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Did not work¹⁵⁰	11,140,775	940,355	3,645,460	3,741,875	1,537,490	690,110	284,840	195,875	104,780
Worked	19,195,140	152,630	2,240,320	4,619,960	4,427,550	2,976,865	1,919,060	1,907,275	951,480
Worked full year full time¹⁵¹	10,215,385	54,080	340,010	1,296,180	2,497,825	2,136,945	1,530,690	1,584,630	775,025
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁵²	8,979,755	98,555	1,900,305	3,323,780	1,929,725	839,920	388,375	322,645	176,455
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	32.8	28.0	34.7	42.9	46.5	48.1	48.7	48.5
Class of worker
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data¹⁵³	19,310,345	258,925	2,385,190	4,664,320	4,386,490	2,929,820	1,885,785	1,870,620	929,200
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁵⁴	486,860	58,830	223,745	144,105	37,680	11,940	4,915	3,650	2,000
All classes of workers¹⁵⁵	18,823,485	200,100	2,161,445	4,520,210	4,348,815	2,917,875	1,880,875	1,866,970	927,195
Employee	16,103,450	154,155	1,622,980	3,672,905	3,892,495	2,656,435	1,717,145	1,670,605	716,735
Self-employed¹⁵⁶	2,720,030	45,940	538,465	847,305	456,320	261,440	163,730	196,365	210,465
Occupation - TEER category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Occupation - TEER category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁵⁷	30,335,915	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
All TEER categories¹⁵⁸	20,630,520	252,055	2,706,945	5,097,050	4,637,565	3,065,135	1,960,920	1,940,720	970,135
TEER 0 management occupations¹⁵⁹	2,349,980	17,615	170,540	357,330	402,515	341,465	280,205	445,785	334,525
TEER 1 professional occupations¹⁶⁰	3,965,595	33,620	264,150	501,240	611,350	716,625	724,710	744,115	369,785
TEER 2 occupations¹⁶¹	4,179,780	27,795	323,360	863,370	1,068,085	822,615	488,285	444,195	142,070
TEER 3 occupations¹⁶²	3,525,030	37,205	429,825	1,005,725	1,016,445	559,720	243,780	163,155	69,175
TEER 4 occupations¹⁶³	3,312,865	43,670	562,430	1,100,445	907,250	410,860	151,140	99,685	37,380
TEER 5 occupations¹⁶⁴	3,297,275	92,145	956,635	1,268,945	631,920	213,850	72,800	43,780	17,200
Occupation - Major group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Occupation - Major group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,630,520	252,055	2,706,945	5,097,050	4,637,565	3,065,135	1,960,920	1,940,720	970,135
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	267,695	1,800	12,910	23,995	27,990	29,795	26,360	48,630	96,215
00 Legislative and senior managers	267,695	1,800	12,910	23,995	27,990	29,795	26,360	48,630	96,215
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,557,055	26,245	289,535	705,535	974,515	656,955	352,890	350,640	200,730
10 Specialized middle management occupations in administrative services, financial and business services and communication (except broadcasting)	453,640	3,060	18,130	37,365	58,630	73,170	73,280	116,640	73,365
11 Professional occupations in finance and business	794,045	6,260	52,505	104,825	149,495	154,855	113,985	125,035	87,090
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and specialized administrative occupations	523,060	3,025	36,505	93,320	144,150	125,290	61,540	43,950	15,275
13 Administrative occupations and transportation logistics occupations	817,585	4,625	61,025	186,800	294,085	161,950	57,400	36,905	14,795
14 Administrative and financial support and supply chain logistics occupations	968,720	9,270	121,375	283,225	328,155	141,695	46,690	28,110	10,215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,666,685	16,730	104,465	198,200	262,985	306,870	277,500	343,705	156,230
20 Specialized middle management occupations in engineering, architecture, science and information systems	134,620	1,165	3,525	5,710	8,795	13,905	18,770	47,135	35,620
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	966,165	11,795	60,930	100,035	122,660	168,760	174,735	226,305	100,935
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	565,895	3,765	40,010	92,450	131,530	124,205	83,995	70,265	19,675
3 Health occupations	1,601,710	9,100	110,710	303,240	387,980	283,885	206,375	202,060	98,360
30 Specialized middle management occupations in health care	39,060	155	960	2,735	4,690	5,520	5,740	14,140	5,115
31 Professional occupations in health	692,830	4,260	28,385	63,750	90,790	123,350	138,315	155,975	88,000
32 Technical occupations in health	354,400	1,200	25,485	77,105	96,225	81,510	44,825	24,525	3,525
33 Assisting occupations in support of health services	515,420	3,495	55,890	159,645	196,265	73,505	17,490	7,420	1,720
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,532,170	19,850	230,325	494,125	519,750	404,740	377,395	369,245	116,745
40 Managers in public administration, in education and social and community services and in public protection services	139,490	585	3,655	9,085	15,355	19,705	22,425	55,005	13,675
41 Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government services	1,337,875	8,715	91,690	183,460	216,170	245,005	280,010	223,935	88,890
42 Front-line public protection services and paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community, education services	633,015	3,330	57,785	167,490	186,590	88,730	43,130	74,045	11,910
43 Assisting occupations in education and in legal and public protection	247,315	2,400	30,890	60,850	66,435	41,090	28,870	14,945	1,850
44 Care providers and legal and public protection support occupations	139,455	4,625	35,470	57,690	28,810	8,840	2,595	1,065	355
45 Student monitors, crossing guards and related occupations	35,020	200	10,830	15,555	6,390	1,365	370	250	65
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	697,255	14,790	160,235	207,680	131,305	82,015	47,405	38,055	15,770
50 Specialized middle management occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	27,955	240	2,110	5,300	6,305	4,895	3,340	4,015	1,745
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	174,680	2,590	30,640	49,170	32,230	24,650	17,665	12,860	4,870
52 Technical occupations in art, culture and sport	215,785	2,695	29,530	55,760	52,550	34,610	18,725	15,670	6,235
53 Occupations in art, culture and sport	154,660	5,640	42,750	55,960	25,590	12,360	5,805	4,235	2,325
54 Support occupations in sport	118,830	3,375	53,315	39,405	14,115	5,275	1,715	1,160	470
55 Support occupations in art and culture	5,350	250	1,880	2,090	515	225	150	115	125
6 Sales and service occupations	5,226,370	95,790	1,187,595	1,930,740	1,077,145	436,030	192,600	185,905	120,570
60 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	716,470	5,430	53,845	164,535	179,060	111,675	66,780	80,105	55,045
62 Retail sales and service supervisors and specialized occupations in sales and services	362,880	3,090	34,230	127,115	96,670	46,765	20,830	20,805	13,365
63 Occupations in sales and services	733,790	9,555	132,140	280,645	159,160	66,055	30,310	30,065	25,870
64 Sales and service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,427,280	18,365	284,155	544,865	327,885	135,715	53,580	42,345	20,380
65 Sales and service support occupations	1,985,955	59,350	683,215	813,585	314,370	75,820	21,105	12,590	5,910
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,526,800	40,020	373,150	820,410	865,275	658,495	371,085	295,415	102,960
70 Middle management occupations in trades and transportation	290,490	3,120	28,045	48,850	49,875	47,025	38,155	48,065	27,355
72 Technical trades and transportation officers and controllers	1,358,055	9,745	92,845	233,035	328,770	286,485	189,225	165,145	52,805
73 General trades	979,385	11,105	104,090	252,755	261,980	191,915	92,680	52,220	12,640
74 Mail and message distribution, other transport equipment operators and related maintenance workers	159,250	1,465	15,990	38,720	40,140	40,685	14,165	6,915	1,160
75 Helpers and labourers and other transport drivers, operators and labourers	739,615	14,580	132,185	247,045	184,505	92,380	36,855	23,070	8,995
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	617,425	16,400	144,110	175,245	121,740	63,715	34,400	38,920	22,895
80 Middle management occupations in production and agriculture	193,100	1,660	44,215	52,705	39,475	21,320	11,965	11,590	10,160
82 Supervisors in natural resources, agriculture and related production	52,760	470	4,050	7,980	9,745	8,045	6,100	9,115	7,250
83 Occupations in natural resources and related production	44,350	260	2,215	6,910	8,690	7,665	5,675	9,965	2,970
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	90,855	2,690	17,675	25,985	21,945	10,925	5,330	4,865	1,430
85 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	236,360	11,320	75,950	81,660	41,885	15,765	5,325	3,385	1,080
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	937,355	11,330	93,910	237,895	268,880	142,640	74,905	68,140	39,660
90 Middle management occupations in manufacturing and utilities	87,465	400	3,150	7,060	12,330	14,460	13,390	20,450	16,230
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and utilities operators and controllers	113,935	475	2,915	9,110	21,845	26,960	19,915	20,675	12,030
93 Central control and process operators and aircraft assembly assemblers and inspectors	32,515	125	835	2,170	4,245	5,190	5,545	7,410	7,000
94 Machine operators, assemblers and inspectors in processing, manufacturing and printing	408,470	3,885	34,435	110,550	146,205	67,730	27,065	15,235	3,365
95 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	294,970	6,455	52,570	109,005	84,255	28,305	8,990	4,365	1,030
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁶⁶	19,310,345	258,925	2,385,190	4,664,320	4,386,490	2,929,820	1,885,785	1,870,620	929,200
Industry - not applicable¹⁵⁴	486,860	58,830	223,745	144,105	37,680	11,940	4,915	3,650	2,000
All industries¹⁵⁵	18,823,485	200,100	2,161,445	4,520,210	4,348,815	2,917,875	1,880,875	1,866,970	927,195
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	434,800	8,350	89,135	123,405	101,410	54,460	27,145	21,330	9,570
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	239,035	1,240	7,530	17,620	27,660	31,315	29,875	63,895	59,895
22 Utilities	147,750	435	3,320	7,790	13,265	22,305	25,105	50,875	24,650
23 Construction	1,469,085	16,000	148,990	319,600	355,955	273,830	161,130	136,325	57,255
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540,490	11,620	98,830	297,625	443,305	294,060	170,050	155,405	69,600
41 Wholesale trade	610,300	4,845	38,055	106,160	157,325	110,080	65,610	73,360	54,870
44-45 Retail trade	2,149,640	34,420	463,400	751,745	464,575	204,405	93,505	89,295	48,285
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	981,035	9,800	94,055	248,965	235,570	182,335	101,155	76,820	32,330
51 Information and cultural industries	400,460	3,985	31,455	71,085	80,495	74,130	54,505	54,460	30,335
52 Finance and insurance	815,225	4,785	39,720	106,320	180,940	153,540	103,065	127,665	99,190
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	343,940	2,795	37,490	78,625	81,030	52,380	30,330	32,740	28,545
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,571,160	18,750	147,225	292,025	308,680	248,800	180,060	217,100	158,515
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45,455	240	1,940	4,120	7,380	7,170	6,280	9,875	8,445
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	792,600	13,645	133,315	290,755	194,910	82,365	35,280	28,225	14,105
61 Educational services	1,413,315	9,590	123,370	261,715	324,435	229,925	235,060	187,345	41,875
62 Health care and social assistance	2,446,370	14,105	186,615	544,440	705,720	418,610	256,795	218,765	101,325
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	350,710	5,540	77,240	124,630	70,915	36,475	16,960	12,975	5,955
72 Accommodation and food services	1,085,270	27,035	277,785	498,550	185,280	52,130	20,185	16,045	8,255
81 Other services (except public administration)	797,940	9,385	118,170	270,390	195,375	101,875	47,010	40,365	15,375
91 Public administration	1,188,915	3,510	43,800	104,645	214,580	287,675	221,765	254,100	58,835
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁶⁷	17,321,695	178,210	1,855,090	3,842,820	4,051,465	2,812,500	1,836,195	1,833,325	912,095
Worked at home	4,214,860	41,375	401,155	692,255	762,920	707,830	547,930	669,045	392,345
Worked outside Canada	58,335	4,950	13,310	10,470	7,295	5,965	4,235	5,850	6,260
No fixed workplace address	2,201,745	32,395	314,165	614,500	490,170	337,175	192,650	163,270	57,410
Usual place of work	10,846,770	99,485	1,126,460	2,525,595	2,791,080	1,761,530	1,091,380	995,160	456,075
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶⁸	20,630,520	252,055	2,706,945	5,097,050	4,637,565	3,065,135	1,960,920	1,940,720	970,135
English	15,879,850	199,690	2,081,225	3,851,445	3,423,765	2,334,485	1,535,870	1,610,965	842,405
French	3,986,330	33,850	492,185	994,410	1,054,480	644,390	376,470	285,370	105,175
Non-official language	310,460	12,450	73,735	127,895	55,785	20,330	8,955	7,475	3,825
Indigenous³⁵	19,435	430	3,855	5,005	4,455	2,550	1,540	1,370	245
Non-Indigenous	291,020	12,020	69,880	122,890	51,335	17,785	7,415	6,110	3,585
English and French	321,980	2,995	35,850	75,415	74,970	53,050	33,160	31,025	15,520
English and non-official language(s)	115,950	2,715	21,245	41,875	25,120	11,265	5,675	5,200	2,860
French and non-official language(s)	6,285	185	1,080	2,410	1,430	630	310	170	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,400	115	1,180	2,550	1,590	850	395	460	255
Multiple non-official languages	2,265	55	435	1,050	425	135	95	50	25
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶⁹	20,630,520	252,055	2,706,945	5,097,050	4,637,565	3,065,135	1,960,920	1,940,720	970,135
None	18,696,985	227,495	2,460,090	4,626,395	4,221,310	2,773,015	1,773,915	1,747,480	867,275
English	902,625	10,415	118,500	216,280	202,280	142,615	89,185	82,655	40,705
French	589,760	5,175	59,480	111,795	115,260	98,765	70,735	83,130	45,420
Non-official language	331,370	7,215	53,430	108,355	73,995	37,505	19,645	19,705	11,520
Indigenous³⁷	18,190	300	2,720	4,190	4,190	2,835	1,705	1,790	455
Non-Indigenous	313,185	6,910	50,710	104,165	69,810	34,675	17,940	17,920	11,060
English and French	2,945	125	580	1,055	525	300	175	100	80
English and non-official language(s)	33,125	490	4,950	11,490	7,865	3,680	1,855	1,705	1,080
French and non-official language(s)	22,615	310	3,155	5,780	4,425	2,825	1,875	2,470	1,785
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	0	70	125	85	35	0	30	0
Multiple non-official languages	50,740	825	6,685	15,780	11,820	6,390	3,530	3,450	2,265
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁷⁰	10,846,770	99,485	1,126,460	2,525,595	2,791,080	1,761,530	1,091,380	995,160	456,075
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,397,120	68,945	762,960	1,626,380	1,632,160	961,400	577,010	518,335	249,920
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,343,640	18,355	219,215	506,500	622,240	397,555	250,640	228,775	100,355
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,007,950	11,600	135,195	373,440	517,445	386,535	252,670	234,045	97,025
Commute to a different province or territory	98,060	585	9,090	19,275	19,235	16,040	11,055	13,995	8,775
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data¹⁷¹	13,048,505	131,880	1,440,625	3,140,095	3,281,250	2,098,710	1,284,030	1,158,430	513,490
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,106,600	56,670	827,020	2,219,025	2,653,735	1,804,325	1,116,095	1,000,555	429,170
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	844,155	34,760	253,565	259,845	166,045	65,110	30,670	24,675	9,485
Public transit	1,000,505	20,170	170,070	341,280	234,235	104,700	55,760	49,990	24,305
Walked	672,815	12,800	124,870	218,355	144,805	68,245	42,550	38,750	22,430
Bicycle	138,615	3,330	24,065	35,500	27,545	17,225	12,450	11,770	6,730
Other method	285,820	4,150	41,040	66,085	54,880	39,095	26,505	32,700	21,370
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,048,505	131,880	1,440,625	3,140,095	3,281,250	2,098,710	1,284,030	1,158,430	513,490
Less than 15 minutes	4,178,570	49,295	580,830	1,083,215	1,054,740	607,465	357,165	308,945	136,915
15 to 29 minutes	4,546,200	40,765	463,070	1,090,245	1,177,920	745,710	448,955	396,155	183,380
30 to 44 minutes	2,487,010	22,935	231,040	570,240	623,640	427,355	266,995	241,525	103,285
45 to 59 minutes	910,610	8,070	73,755	190,510	220,290	164,885	106,550	103,300	43,260
60 minutes and over	926,120	10,825	91,930	205,885	204,665	153,295	104,360	108,505	46,645
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data¹⁷³	13,048,505	131,880	1,440,625	3,140,095	3,281,250	2,098,710	1,284,030	1,158,430	513,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	938,820	5,540	51,060	162,785	243,080	192,960	124,040	119,075	40,270
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,274,845	14,090	139,310	435,310	626,845	450,525	270,435	250,045	88,280
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,435,745	22,135	242,950	696,110	937,045	628,115	402,550	352,195	154,625
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,711,355	22,245	268,920	660,305	677,180	415,590	272,475	252,645	141,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,661,340	22,190	302,700	600,415	349,135	162,750	85,715	82,445	55,990
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,026,405	45,685	435,690	585,165	447,960	248,765	128,800	102,025	32,320
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁷⁴	30,335,915	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Non-movers	26,646,730	906,945	5,143,190	7,291,280	5,235,970	3,242,700	1,969,270	1,897,505	959,870
Movers	3,689,190	186,040	742,585	1,070,555	729,065	424,280	234,635	205,640	96,390
Non-migrants	2,151,580	74,110	396,340	657,105	452,930	257,675	138,420	119,555	55,450
Migrants	1,537,610	111,930	346,245	413,450	276,135	166,600	96,215	86,090	40,940
Internal migrants	1,290,080	34,670	239,190	381,945	262,965	159,820	92,490	81,600	37,400
Intraprovincial migrants	1,059,860	27,555	190,370	307,250	222,745	135,865	78,155	67,860	30,065
Interprovincial migrants	230,220	7,120	48,820	74,695	40,220	23,950	14,340	13,740	7,335
External migrants	247,530	77,255	107,055	31,500	13,170	6,790	3,725	4,485	3,545
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁷⁵	30,335,915	1,092,985	5,885,775	8,361,835	5,965,035	3,666,975	2,203,900	2,103,150	1,056,260
Non-movers	18,686,805	611,890	3,719,660	5,103,170	3,578,160	2,230,795	1,378,895	1,358,080	706,155
Movers	11,649,110	481,090	2,166,115	3,258,660	2,386,875	1,436,185	825,010	745,070	350,100
Non-migrants	4,951,910	165,435	825,255	1,386,940	1,071,205	645,635	367,995	332,970	156,475
Migrants	6,697,205	315,655	1,340,870	1,871,725	1,315,670	790,555	457,010	412,100	193,630
Internal migrants	5,247,710	137,580	894,765	1,455,605	1,107,650	706,810	408,415	368,765	168,120
Intraprovincial migrants	4,431,775	113,820	749,620	1,227,365	952,395	601,470	344,185	306,465	136,460
Interprovincial migrants	815,930	23,760	145,145	228,240	155,255	105,345	64,230	62,300	31,660
External migrants	1,449,490	178,075	446,105	416,115	208,020	83,740	48,600	43,335	25,505

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan. For the 2021 Census, this includes enhancements to the EI benefits in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 – Emergency and Recovery Benefits refers to the benefits from all federal programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus. It includes:

the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB);
the Canada Recovery Benefit (CRB);
the Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit (CRCB);
the Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit (CRSB);
the Canada Emergency Student Benefit (CESB).

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

This measure combines both the Market Basket Measure (MBM) and the Northern Market Basket Measure (MBM-N). The MBM is applicable only in the provinces, excluding reserves. The MBM-N is applicable only in the territories, excluding reserves.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for poverty data is the calendar year 2020.

The Market Basket Measure (MBM) refers to Canada's official measure of poverty based on the cost of a specific basket of goods and services representing a modest, basic standard of living developed by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). The MBM thresholds represent the costs of specified qualities and quantities of food, clothing, shelter, transportation and other necessities for a reference family of two adults and two children. The square root of economic family size is the equivalence scale used to adjust the MBM thresholds for other family sizes. This adjustment for different family sizes reflects the fact that an economic family's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The MBM basket (2018-base) is priced for 53 different geographic areas - 19 specific communities and 34 population centre size and province combinations. The MBM recognises the potential differences in the cost of the basket between similar-sized communities in different provinces and between different geographical regions within provinces. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.2 Market Basket Measure (MBM) thresholds for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

The income measure used to compare against the MBM thresholds is the disposable income for the MBM. When the disposable income for the MBM of an economic family or a person not in economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the family or the person, the person or every member in the case of an economic family is considered to be in poverty according to MBM.

The Northern Market Basket Measure (MBM-N), developed by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and Statistics Canada in partnership with territorial governments and national Indigenous organizations, refers to the measure of low income based on the cost of a specific basket of goods and services representing a modest, basic standard of living in the territories. The threshold represents the costs of specified qualities and quantities of food, clothing, transportation, shelter and other expenses for the reference family of the MBM-N. For Yukon and the Northwest Territories, the reference family composes two adults and two children. For Nunavut, the reference family consists of five people (two adults and three children). The square root of economic family size is the equivalence scale used to adjust the Northern MBM thresholds for other family sizes.

For some families in Nunavut, the threshold includes an additional component called the inuusiqattiarniq component. This additional component is only applied to those families that have at least one person with Indigenous identity. The Northern MBM data for Nunavut reflects the methodology as described in the discussion paper 'Construction of a Northern Market Basket Measure of poverty for Nunavut' released on June 21, 2023.

The Northern MBM recognizes potential differences in the cost of the basket between different geographical regions across the territories. Hence, the 2018-base Northern MBM basket is priced for 13 different geographic areas.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

School attendance refers to whether a person attended, either full-time or part-time, any accredited educational institution or program during all or part of a specified reference period. The person may have attended more than one educational institution or have been enrolled in more than one program. Attendance is counted only for courses which could be used as credits towards a certificate, diploma or degree from an educational institution or program such as an elementary school, secondary school (high school), registered apprenticeship program, trade school, college, CEGEP, polytechnic or university. Educational institutions also include seminaries, schools of nursing, private business schools, private or public trade schools, institutes of technology, vocational schools, and schools for people who are deaf or blind. Attendance includes participation in courses or programs offered over the Internet, through correspondence and by other non-traditional methods of delivery. Attendance does not include training received from an employer unless it could be used as credit towards a certificate, diploma or degree from an accredited educational institution. A person is considered to have attended an educational institution if they were enrolled during the reference period but were absent, for example, due to illness. This variable collects information on school attendance at any time during the nine-month period between September 2020 and May 11, 2021. Individuals were asked to identify all types of schools attended. There was an explicit instruction to include distance learning for credit. In the 2006 Census and the 2011 National Household Survey, this variable was called 'Attendance at School'; the name was changed to 'School attendance' in the 2016 Census in order to comply with the standard definitions, but the variable is measured in the same way. Please note that the French name 'Fréquentation scolaire' did not change. This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households. When interpreting school attendance in connection with geography, users are advised that the estimates for school attendance should not be interpreted as the number/proportion of students who attended school while residing in the given geography, due to differences in where the student is counted on Census Day. Like all respondents, students are enumerated at their usual place of residence on Census Day, which may or may not correspond to the geography in which they resided while attending school. For example, students who return to live with their parents during the year are instructed to be enumerated at their parents' address.

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2024. (table). Special Interest Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-26-00092021001. Ottawa. Released March 20, 2024.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/sip/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed August 8, 2026).

Date modified:: 2025-12-09

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile of interest: Income distribution by income source

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile of interest: Income distribution by income source

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile of interest: Income distribution by income source