Topics, 2021 Census
Indigenous peoples

Public use microdata: 98M0001X-2021001

Description: The 2021 Census Individuals File PUMF represents a sample of the Canadian population and provides access to individual records which have been anonymized. It is a comprehensive social, demographic and economic database about Canada and its people and includes a wealth of information on population characteristics.

Profile of a community or region: 98-316-X2021001

Description: This profile presents information from the 2021 Census of Population for various levels of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, communities and census tracts.

Infographic: 11-627-M2022059

Description: The infographic provides a high-level description of how the Census counts people, including Indigenous people, particularly those in urban areas. This includes efforts before and during data collection including communications and advertising, reminders, follow up calls and visits, and special outreach. It also outlines the practice of counting people based on usual place of residence on Census day. Finally, the infographic discusses studies that Statistics Canada undertakes to estimate undercoverage, that is, the net impact of some people being missed and others that are being counted more than once by the Census.

Profile of a community or region: 98-510-X2021001

Description: This product presents information from the Census of Population focusing on the Indigenous identity population and Indigenous households of various geographic areas. These geographic areas include: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, census divisions, census subdivisions, Métis settlements, Inuit regions, and First Nation or Indian band and Tribal Council areas. Data are available for the Indigenous identity population by age groups and gender for selected socio-demographic characteristics.

Profile of a community or region: 98-26-00092021001

Description: This product presents 2021 Census of Population characteristic data for nine separate profiles of interest, including: age; ethnic origin; first official language; immigration; income distribution by income source; mother tongue; poverty, COVID-19 benefits and high income; religion; and visible minority. Data are available for various levels of geography, including Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, and communities with a 2021 population of 10,000 or greater.

Public use microdata: 98M0001X2021002

Description: This Hierarchical File, 2021 Census Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) product provides access to non-aggregated data covering a sample of 1% of the Canadian households. It is a comprehensive social, demographic and economic database about Canada and its people, and contains a wealth of characteristics on the population.

Table

Description: These tables present data quality indicators for the Census of Population. Data quality indicators are available for various levels of geography, most questions on the Census of Population questionnaires and other key variables of the Census of Population.

Table

Description: This series of cross-tabulations presents a portrait of Canada. They range in complexity and are available for various levels of geography.

Profile of a community or region: 98-404-X2021001

Description: Focusing on a selected geographic area, this product presents data highlights, through text, tables and figures, for each of the major releases of the 2021 Census.

Interactive dashboard: 98-507-X2021001

Description: The Census Program Data Viewer (CPDV) is a web-based data visualization tool that makes statistical information more interpretable by presenting key indicators in a statistical dashboard. Users can click and zoom in on a map of Canada or the user can search by place name or postal code^OM. The CPDV displays the appropriate thematic map showing boundaries and other features. Results can be exported (CSV or XLSX), or the user can share their customized dashboard by a link.

Infographic: 11-627-M2022057

Description: Based on 2021 Census data, the following infographic shows population statistics for First Nations people, Métis and Inuit in Canada.

Infographic: 11-627-M2023029

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, this infographic shows the relative number of Indigenous people who can speak an Indigenous language well enough to conduct a conversation by language. It also shows the percent growth or decline in number of Indigenous people who can speak each Indigenous language since the 2016 Census of Population.

Key indicators

Description: The key indicators provide a quick snapshot of census data highlights by topic.

Insights on Canadian Society: 75-006-X202300100012

Description: This study uses data from the 2021 Census to report on postsecondary educational attainment and labour market outcomes among Indigenous adults aged 25 to 64 years. As First Nations people, Métis and Inuit are more likely to live in certain regions, which can impact their participation in both education and the labour market, the article pays particular attention to patterns in educational attainment and employment among those residing in remote areas, on reserve, and communities across Inuit Nunangat.

Collaborative report: 41-20-00022023004

Description: This is an Indigenous Peoples Thematic Series custom report produced in collaboration between the Assembly of First Nations and Statistics Canada. It includes a variety of social and economic statistics for Status First Nations people living on and off reserve and includes comparisons with the non-Indigenous population.

The Daily

Description: This American Sign Language video highlights data on First Nations, Métis and Inuit people from the fifth release of the 2021 Census of Population included in The Daily.

Census in Brief: 98-200-X2021007

Description: This Census in Brief article reports on housing conditions among First Nations people, Métis and Inuit in 2021. It describes the share of First Nations people, Métis and Inuit living in crowded dwellings and dwellings in need of major repair, and reports variation by provinces, territories, and the regions of Inuit Nunangat. This article also highlights the most common living arrangements among First Nations people, Métis and Inuit who were living in crowded dwellings and dwellings in need of major repair, and reports on how housing conditions have changed since 2016.

Census in Brief: 98-200-X2021012

Description: This Census in Brief article focuses on First Nations people, Métis and Inuit who reported being able to conduct a conversation in an Indigenous language in the 2021 Census of Population. This article examines changes in the number of speakers by language and region. It also examines trends in mother tongue speakers of Indigenous languages and those who learned an Indigenous language as a second language.

Census in Brief: 98-200-X2021006

Description: This Census in Brief article describes reported membership in a Métis organization or Settlement based on responses to the Census of Population, 2021. Counts and distributions are examined for reported membership to Métis Nation British Columbia, Métis Nation of Alberta, the Metis Settlements of Alberta, Métis Nation – Saskatchewan, Manitoba Metis Federation and Métis Nation of Ontario as well as those reporting membership to other Métis organizations. Data are examined based on province or territory of residence and residence in a census metropolitan area and census agglomeration.

The Daily

Description: Over multiple decades, census data have revealed that the Indigenous population has grown quickly—at a pace far surpassing that of the non-Indigenous population. The 2021 Census counted more than 1.8 million Indigenous people, accounting for 5.0% of the total population in Canada, up from 4.9% in 2016.

Technical report: 98-307-X2021001

Description: This report deals with Indigenous identity, Indigenous group, Registered or Treaty Indian status, Membership in a First Nation or Indian band, Membership in a Métis organization or Settlement, Enrollment under an Inuit land claims agreement, and Indigenous ancestry, and contains explanations of concepts, data quality, historical comparability and comparability with other sources, as well as information on data collection, processing and dissemination. The title of this product for the 2021 Census was renamed from ‘Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report’ to ‘Indigenous Peoples Technical Report’ to reflect a change in terminology in the Census of Population. The term “Indigenous” replaced “Aboriginal” when referring to the collective term for people who identify as First Nations, Métis or Inuit. Its usage aligns with the Government of Canada and is coherent with standard terminology used in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act.

Dictionary: 98-301-X2021001

Description: The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of Census of Population concepts, variables, and geographic terms, as well as historical information.

Guide: 98-304-X2021001

Description: This reference document provides an overview of the Census of Population content determination, collection, processing, data quality assessment and data dissemination.

Guide: 98-500-X2021009

Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret Indigenous peoples data from the 2021 Census. The title of this product for the 2021 Census was renamed from ‘Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide’ to ‘Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide’ to reflect a change in terminology in the Census of Population. The term “Indigenous” replaced “Aboriginal” when referring to the collective term for people who identify as First Nations, Métis or Inuit. Its usage aligns with the Government of Canada and is coherent with standard terminology used in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.