2001 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (725), First Official Language Spoken (4) and Sex (3) for Population Having English, French or English and French as First Official Language Spoken, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data

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Catalogue number :	97F0007XCB2001043
Release date :	November 19, 2003
Topic :	Language Composition of Canada
Data dimensions :	Geography (Geographic Index) Sex (3) Characteristics Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income (725) First Official Language Spoken (4)

Note

Description of the Profile of Official Language Groups (First Official Language Spoken)

The profile of official language groups gives a statistical overview of official language groups in Canada for certain geographic areas. The geographic areas include Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions (CDs) and census subdivisions (CSDs). For each of these geographic areas, the profile gives counts of official language populations for characteristics such as home language, knowledge of languages, marital status, ethnic origin, place of birth, period of immigration, mobility status, citizenship, highest level of schooling, labour force activity, occupation, industry and income distribution. It is based on data collected from a 20% sample of households at the time of the 2001 Census.

The profile consists of two tables, both containing the same data variables, but differing by the definition of the language groups. In this table, the language groups are defined by the respondents' first official language spoken. The data for each language group are displayed in the columns of the initial view of the table. Characteristics are identified in the rows of the initial view of the table. For example, official language groups are shown first by age groups, then by marital status, next by home language, and so on. The geographic areas are sequenced from east to west for CDs and CSDs. CD is the general term applying to counties, regional municipalities, regional districts, etc., whereas CSD is the general term applying to municipalities (as determined by provincial legislation) or their equivalent, for example, Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories.

The CDs and CSDs in this profile have boundaries as determined for the 2001 Census. Users should be aware that, for some CDs and CSDs, there were boundary changes between 1996 and 2001.

Language groups are defined as follows. People who can conduct a conversation in French only are assigned French as their first official language spoken. People who can carry on a conversation in English only are assigned English as their first official language spoken. The responses to questions on mother tongue and home language are subsequently used to establish either the first official language spoken by people who speak both English and French, or who cannot speak either of the two official languages. The 'French' category includes people who have French only or French and one non-official language as their mother tongue. People who have English only or English and one non-official language as their mother tongue are included in the 'English' category. For cases that have not yet been classified, people are assigned to the 'French' category when they speak French only or French and one non-official language as their home language. The procedure is the same for English. Thus, the population is classified into two principal categories: 'English' and 'French'. It is necessary to add two residual categories for people who could not be classified in accordance with the information available: 'English and French' and 'Neither English nor French'. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Cautionary Note: Income Statistics Based on Relatively Small Totals

Census income statistics are subject to sampling variability. Although this variability may be quite small for large population groups, its effects cannot be ignored in the case of small subgroups of the population in an area or in a particular category. This is because, all other things being equal, the smaller the sample size, the larger the error. For this reason, income data for areas where the non-institutional population was below 250 or where the number of private households was below 40 have been suppressed. However, where statistics are not suppressed but are still based upon relatively small totals, the users are strongly advised to exercise caution in the use and interpretation of these statistics.

Special Note: 2D On Reserve

Persons living on Indian reserves and Indian settlements, who were enumerated with the 2001 Census Form 2D questionnaire, were not asked the citizenship and immigration questions. Consequently, data are not shown for Indian reserves and Indian settlements at the lower geographic levels. These data, however, are included in the totals for larger geographic areas, such as census divisions and provinces.

Special Note: Data Quality - Hours Worked for Pay or in Self-employment - Hutterite Colonies

Compared to estimates from the 1996 Census, the 2001 Census estimates show an increase in the number of people living in a Hutterite colony who answered that they did not work for pay or in self-employment in the week preceding the census.

It is important to consider this fact when analysing the activity data for small geographic areas where Hutterite colonies are located.

Special Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Estimates of Earnings to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate earnings (employment income) in 2000 were compared with similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, census and national accounts estimates of aggregate employment income in 2000 were nearly identical at the national level. As in the past, census estimates for earnings components compared more favourably for some sources and in some provinces than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were almost identical to the national accounts estimates for Canada. Provincial differences were somewhat larger than in past censuses, ranging from a 6.6% higher estimate for Newfoundland and Labrador to a 1.7% lower estimate for Alberta. Although there was a large difference between the two estimates of net income from farm self-employment (smallest component of total earnings), census estimates of aggregate income from both farm and non-farm self-employment differed by about 1.0%. Overall, estimates of total income from employment in the census and national accounts were almost identical at the national level.

Census employment income (earnings) statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates for 2000 were derived primarily from taxation data information. The estimates of average wages and salaries and average earnings of individuals in the two sources compared favourably, with census estimates higher by 2% and 3.4%, respectively.

Special Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2000 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2000 from comparable sources was 4.1% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were almost identical to the national accounts estimates. Although there was a large difference between the two estimates of net income from farm self-employment (the smallest component of individual earnings), census estimates of aggregate income from both farm and non-farm self-employment were lower by 1%. Overall, estimates of total income from employment were nearly identical.

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were about 5% higher, while those for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits were about 9% lower, than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by about 6%. Estimates of aggregate Canada Child Tax benefits were nearly identical in both estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by about 13%. As in previous census-year comparisons, the census estimate of investment income was significantly lower, by 32% in 2000, than the national accounts estimate.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (by 3.4%) and earners (by 7.2%) than SLID estimates. Consequently, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 4% lower than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is lower by 3%. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey.

Special Note: Data Quality for School Attendance

The overall quality of the education variables from the 2001 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 2001 Census data on school attendance are cautioned that the counts for the 15 to 19 year olds not attending school category may be too high. The proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 who indicated they had not attended school in the school year prior to the census increased from 18% in 1996 to 23% in 2001. This variable requires further research.

For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

Special Note: Dissemination of Suppressed Census Subdivisions (CSDs) - 20% Sample Data

To facilitate the publication of data for 12 Dissemination Areas for which the 'parent' CSDs have been suppressed because of a high non-response rate, the parent CSDs were given a value/qualifier of '0'. Note that the value/qualifier of '0' for these CSDs does not represent data for them. This '0' appears as a dash '-' in Beyond 20/20 and as an 'N' on the Internet.

The list of suppressed CSDs set at '0' are:

The CSD of Walpole Island 46 (3538004)
The CSD of Wikwemikong Unceded 26 (3551043)
The CSD of Moosonee (3556106)
The CSD of Jean Baptiste Gambler 183 (4817817)
The CSD of Sliammon 1 (5927802)

For additional information on the geographic classification, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

Special Note: Employed (in Reference Week)

Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001):

a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice;

b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

Special Note: First Official Language Spoken

The definitions of first official language spoken and official language minority are outlined in the Official Languages (Communications with and Services to the Public) Regulations issued pursuant to the Official Languages Act (1988).

Information on first official language spoken is not collected directly from respondents. Rather, it is derived from three language variables on the census questionnaire: knowledge of official languages, mother tongue, and home language. The first step in the derivation of this variable is to examine the respondent's knowledge of English and French. A person who speaks only English has English assigned as the first official language, while a person who speaks only French has French assigned. If the person can speak both English and French, then the mother tongue variable is examined. If the mother tongue is English, then English is the first official language spoken. The same procedure is used for French. Thus, a person who speaks English and French, and has French as mother tongue, would have French assigned as the first official language spoken.

If the respondent speaks both English and French, and indicates English and French as mother tongue, then the home language variable is examined to assign the first official language spoken. In this circumstance, a home language of English would result in English being assigned as first official language spoken, while a home language of French would result in French being assigned as first official language spoken. Consequently, a person who speaks both English and French, has both official languages as mother tongue and English as home language, would have English assigned as first official language spoken.

Situations where the respondents can speak English and French, and have both languages as mother tongue and home language, are assigned English and French as first official language spoken.

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories. The size of the official language minority is determined by adding the minority population and half of the 'English and French' population. For example, in Ontario, the official language minority is the sum of those who have French as their first official language spoken and half of those who have English and French as first official language spoken.

For a more complete explanation, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the variable in the column (initial view).

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken and sex for population having english, french or english and french as first official language spoken in Canada^{Footnote 1}
Characteristics Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income (725)	First Official Language Spoken (4)
	Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population by age groups^{Footnote 3}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
0-4 years	1,701,480	1,280,285	345,440	9,855
5-9 years	1,980,610	1,517,390	435,335	16,095
10-14 years	2,055,585	1,584,315	442,300	24,345
15-19 years	2,044,350	1,567,640	443,915	29,270
20-24 years	1,943,850	1,445,375	465,275	26,830
25-29 years	1,887,195	1,431,890	421,720	23,710
30-34 years	2,085,890	1,591,100	456,065	24,610
35-39 years	2,508,940	1,872,370	592,480	23,965
40-44 years	2,565,145	1,880,395	640,125	21,570
45-49 years	2,320,745	1,687,955	588,550	18,775
50-54 years	2,072,435	1,500,205	529,820	15,960
55-59 years	1,583,615	1,106,625	436,620	12,695
60-64 years	1,264,345	887,440	329,945	11,060
65-69 years	1,120,875	779,805	288,685	8,875
70-74 years	986,000	691,675	244,210	6,950
75-79 years	777,270	556,040	181,730	5,060
80-84 years	453,290	332,460	98,655	2,115
85 years and over	287,410	214,075	54,580	1,325
Median Age^{Footnote 4}	37.3	36.5	39.2	32.3
Total population by legal marital status^{Footnote 5}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
Never legally married (single)	13,748,400	9,956,260	3,542,610	143,900
Legally married (and not separated)	11,959,160	9,233,540	2,373,650	116,430
Separated, but still legally married	722,845	561,635	147,785	4,925
Divorced	1,833,125	1,227,680	584,625	10,715
Widowed	1,375,510	947,920	346,780	7,095
Total population by common-law status^{Footnote 6}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,450	283,065
Not in a common-law relationship	27,210,485	20,582,685	5,925,290	275,640
In a common-law relationship	2,317,090	1,265,750	1,041,310	6,815
With partner of opposite sex	2,248,650	1,219,100	1,019,860	6,640
With partner of same sex	68,445	46,660	21,450	180
Residing in a non-institutional collective dwelling	111,450	78,595	28,855	605
Total population by language spoken most often at home^{Footnote 7}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,060
Single responses	29,110,930	21,547,795	6,892,165	237,500
English	19,774,805	19,387,255	387,550	0
French	6,447,585	65,570	6,382,015	0
Non-official languages	2,888,540	2,094,965	122,600	237,495
Cantonese	285,075	207,610	755	6,240
Mandarin	90,395	72,765	390	2,040
Hakka	2,025	1,560	10	50
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 8}	309,245	223,625	4,265	11,325
Italian	186,550	102,760	18,790	29,160
Portuguese	110,555	67,645	7,705	10,520
Spanish	148,585	85,355	22,495	22,835
German	108,495	94,235	705	4,980
Polish	107,375	89,005	1,415	9,125
Punjabi	204,045	158,220	275	4,520
Greek	63,900	43,260	710	12,285
Vietnamese	100,535	65,670	7,290	10,975
Arabic	115,350	61,815	14,975	26,685
Cree	42,310	35,355	205	2,585
Tagalog (Pilipino)	90,415	86,185	240	1,615
Ukrainian	28,840	24,690	235	1,810
Persian (Farsi)	69,975	53,935	1,430	7,135
Korean	67,855	54,515	185	2,200
Hungarian	23,385	18,515	325	1,970
Tamil	75,605	63,630	660	3,320
Gujarati	35,135	28,355	190	1,720
Croatian	24,280	20,685	370	1,370
Armenian	19,440	7,145	1,395	8,845
Inuktitut (Eskimo)	23,950	16,200	965	965
Hindi	30,250	27,030	0	855
Urdu	58,605	50,405	350	2,585
Japanese	17,115	14,180	70	420
Russian	65,925	50,660	2,200	6,345
Creoles	15,980	860	9,780	3,890
Dutch	11,710	9,970	15	1,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,780	4,490	2,735	1,785
Ojibway	8,180	7,270	10	40
Romanian	31,265	14,550	2,225	12,185
Czech	7,760	6,635	70	785
Lao	8,725	4,610	1,675	1,305
Macedonian	7,670	6,440	30	170
Finnish	5,065	4,490	10	140
Montagnais-Naskapi	8,675	1,440	5,745	465
Hebrew	5,645	4,165	220	1,115
Yiddish	6,585	4,130	10	1,230
Serbian	31,000	24,995	535	2,375
Bengali	22,455	18,080	260	2,125
Slovak	5,235	4,610	40	395
Estonian	2,800	2,575	0	165
Turkish	10,590	6,625	995	1,230
Lithuanian	2,820	2,460	40	165
Latvian (Lettish)	2,505	2,270	0	200
Micmac	4,655	4,470	10	90
Slovenian	3,190	2,870	30	160
Bulgarian	5,850	3,805	320	1,380
Serbo-Croatian	18,470	13,145	1,535	1,800
Dakota/Sioux	2,240	2,150	0	10
South Slave	525	445	0	15
Malay-Bahasa	2,805	2,505	0	40
Maltese	1,450	1,365	0	25
Blackfoot	1,235	1,215	0	0
Dogrib	1,190	1,010	10	0
Danish	1,180	1,095	0	80
Swedish	1,250	1,020	0	215
Malayalam	2,960	2,665	0	105
Thai	1,160	955	60	45
Kurdish	3,950	3,090	155	135
Pashto	4,270	3,415	85	175
Flemish	455	300	15	145
Chipewyan	125	115	0	0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	40	40	0	0
Norwegian	525	430	0	90
Gaelic languages	135	120	0	10
Tlingit	10	0	0	0
Other languages^{Footnote 9}	120,175	93,070	7,395	7,415
Multiple responses	528,100	379,245	103,290	45,570
English and French	107,645	21,610	51,235	34,795
English and non-official language	355,220	353,915	1,300	0
French and non-official language	49,335	1,410	47,920	0
English, French and non-official language	15,900	2,295	2,830	10,775
Total population by language spoken at home on a regular basis^{Footnote 10}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
None	26,275,310	19,528,065	6,204,340	138,850
Single responses	3,269,200	2,347,245	772,195	120,835
English	1,558,820	1,007,495	457,195	77,970
French	523,320	260,505	225,640	35,540
Non-official languages	1,187,050	1,079,240	89,370	7,325
Cantonese	46,240	44,945	300	90
Mandarin	15,925	14,025	70	115
Hakka	1,285	1,160	25	10
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 11}	61,125	57,535	1,240	415
Italian	140,045	132,205	6,550	1,150
Portuguese	58,275	52,865	5,065	280
Spanish	73,550	57,075	15,345	855
German	94,050	92,255	1,515	210
Polish	39,705	38,560	920	105
Punjabi	45,740	45,125	50	205
Greek	38,640	37,605	700	250
Vietnamese	19,170	15,410	2,020	205
Arabic	56,300	35,345	19,895	820
Cree	21,655	21,530	105	15
Tagalog (Pilipino)	50,985	50,810	75	55
Ukrainian	32,270	31,895	100	135
Persian (Farsi)	13,625	12,935	400	95
Korean	11,835	11,670	100	0
Hungarian	16,455	16,160	180	70
Tamil	12,025	11,935	65	30
Gujarati	17,175	16,890	170	0
Croatian	15,625	15,440	130	50
Armenian	4,385	3,515	560	240
Inuktitut (Eskimo)	5,180	5,115	65	0
Hindi	24,900	24,140	30	160
Urdu	17,670	17,350	30	65
Japanese	11,120	10,715	195	10
Russian	15,020	13,845	605	285
Creoles	21,435	3,040	18,150	225
Dutch	29,650	29,375	225	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,405	1,955	1,295	35
Ojibway	7,790	7,780	10	0
Romanian	9,255	7,880	1,175	150
Czech	5,700	5,610	95	0
Lao	2,645	1,925	640	20
Macedonian	5,130	5,080	10	0
Finnish	4,710	4,715	0	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	795	75	710	10
Hebrew	7,745	7,090	460	120
Yiddish	3,385	3,200	35	25
Serbian	6,210	6,110	70	10
Bengali	4,365	4,260	70	35
Slovak	3,590	3,535	40	10
Estonian	2,055	2,050	0	0
Turkish	4,180	3,515	275	145
Lithuanian	1,880	1,740	80	60
Latvian (Lettish)	1,790	1,745	20	0
Micmac	2,015	2,000	20	0
Slovenian	3,220	3,195	10	15
Bulgarian	1,620	1,400	205	10
Serbo-Croatian	4,005	3,615	320	10
Dakota/Sioux	705	710	0	0
South Slave	800	785	10	0
Malay-Bahasa	2,220	2,125	15	15
Maltese	2,660	2,660	0	0
Blackfoot	1,125	1,125	0	0
Dogrib	550	550	0	0
Danish	3,685	3,685	0	0
Swedish	2,165	2,130	10	20
Malayalam	3,045	3,050	0	0
Thai	1,525	1,395	90	10
Kurdish	900	750	75	10
Pashto	725	610	15	15
Flemish	765	685	75	0
Chipewyan	235	235	0	0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	120	120	0	0
Norwegian	1,330	1,280	30	10
Gaelic languages	625	605	0	0
Tlingit	65	70	0	0
Other languages^{Footnote 12}	67,240	57,730	8,655	390
Multiple responses	94,525	51,725	18,920	23,385
English and French	25,785	1,870	1,925	21,810
English and non-official language	24,030	8,955	14,210	635
French and non-official language	43,895	40,795	2,735	275
English, French and non-official language	815	110	50	660
Total population by mother tongue^{Footnote 13}	29,639,030	21,927,030	6,995,450	283,065
Single responses	29,257,885	21,643,145	6,930,265	251,000
English	17,352,315	17,348,335	3,980	0
French	6,703,325	35,435	6,667,895	0
Non-official languages	5,202,240	4,259,375	258,395	251,000
Italian	469,485	365,590	35,415	32,685
Cantonese	322,315	250,645	1,145	5,940
Mandarin	101,790	84,160	520	2,020
Hakka	4,560	3,940	40	70
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 14}	425,085	331,400	6,170	11,990
German	438,080	419,525	4,560	5,470
Portuguese	213,815	160,330	17,385	11,400
Polish	208,375	187,170	3,775	9,605
Ukrainian	148,090	143,065	670	2,070
Spanish	245,495	161,240	42,210	24,090
Dutch	128,670	125,650	1,125	1,460
Punjabi	271,220	224,830	425	4,870
Greek	120,360	97,540	2,205	12,900
Arabic	199,940	116,295	43,215	28,580
Tagalog (Pilipino)	174,060	169,585	400	1,755
Hungarian	75,555	69,455	1,195	2,230
Vietnamese	122,055	84,960	9,320	10,880
Cree	72,885	65,820	305	2,600
Persian (Farsi)	94,090	77,090	2,370	7,180
Croatian	54,880	50,745	750	1,510
Gujarati	57,555	50,620	270	1,800
Korean	85,075	71,555	390	2,200
Russian	94,555	78,445	3,055	6,585
Hindi	56,325	53,140	60	770
Tamil	92,010	79,965	680	3,430
Japanese	34,815	31,695	290	420
Creoles	39,605	3,500	30,590	4,120
Finnish	22,405	21,795	40	140
Czech	24,795	23,330	310	885
Armenian	27,345	13,975	2,250	9,070
Yiddish	19,295	16,635	60	1,240
Urdu	80,895	72,915	350	2,560
Inuktitut (Eskimo)	29,005	21,205	1,005	980
Romanian	50,900	31,440	4,845	12,380
Ojibway	21,005	20,085	10	40
Danish	18,230	18,020	95	80
Slovak	17,545	16,605	310	435
Macedonian	16,905	15,750	30	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	15,985	7,840	4,395	1,930
Norwegian	8,725	8,580	50	90
Hebrew	12,435	10,990	350	985
Estonian	8,720	8,460	20	175
Swedish	9,065	8,760	45	230
Lao	12,950	7,720	2,820	1,305
Lithuanian	8,775	8,240	135	235
Serbian	41,180	35,130	710	2,320
Latvian (Lettish)	8,235	7,960	20	205
Slovenian	12,800	12,360	105	190
Turkish	16,780	12,335	1,330	1,330
Bengali	29,505	24,895	395	2,225
Maltese	7,375	7,295	0	20
Flemish	6,015	5,345	485	185
Montagnais-Naskapi	9,705	1,625	6,580	470
Bulgarian	9,125	6,580	765	1,420
Micmac	7,230	7,040	10	95
Gaelic languages	2,155	2,125	10	15
South Slave	1,385	1,305	0	10
Chipewyan	580	570	0	0
Dogrib	1,865	1,690	10	0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	320	320	0	0
Tlingit	105	105	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	26,685	20,575	2,195	1,860
Dakota/Sioux	3,905	3,805	0	10
Malay-Bahasa	6,410	6,060	10	75
Blackfoot	2,745	2,725	0	0
Malayalam	7,070	6,755	10	115
Thai	3,595	3,330	145	40
Kurdish	5,405	4,385	280	180
Pashto	5,085	4,155	150	200
Other languages^{Footnote 15}	231,280	190,605	19,580	8,490
Multiple responses	381,145	283,885	65,190	32,060
English and French	112,575	54,875	29,745	27,945
English and non-official language	219,855	219,535	325	0
French and non-official language	38,625	4,885	33,740	0
English, French and non-official language	10,085	4,595	1,375	4,115
Total population by knowledge of official languages^{Footnote 16}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
English only	20,014,645	20,014,645	0	0
French only	3,946,525	0	3,946,525	0
English and French	5,231,575	1,901,715	3,046,945	282,910
Neither English nor French	446,290	10,675	1,980	155
Knowledge of non-official languages - Italian^{Footnote 17}	680,970	526,640	76,210	41,595
German	635,520	584,395	29,170	12,530
Cantonese	398,890	316,240	2,065	7,040
Mandarin	207,975	173,070	1,520	4,375
Hakka	5,900	5,040	115	115
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 18}	415,685	326,970	8,550	11,995
Spanish	610,575	360,360	194,950	36,185
Portuguese	264,990	200,640	26,715	12,800
Ukrainian	200,520	192,585	1,550	3,125
Polish	249,700	224,785	5,660	10,585
Dutch	157,870	152,585	3,095	1,725
Punjabi	338,720	290,120	675	5,600
Arabic	290,280	164,730	76,540	35,790
Greek	158,800	130,715	5,875	14,040
Tagalog (Pilipino)	244,690	239,230	620	2,190
Vietnamese	165,645	115,890	14,150	12,825
Hindi	227,295	212,040	700	3,900
Hungarian	89,230	81,515	2,000	2,835
Cree	97,230	89,395	935	2,670
Russian	157,450	130,915	7,340	10,765
Gujarati	80,835	72,630	720	2,055
Yiddish	37,010	33,550	430	1,375
Hebrew	63,670	54,450	5,435	3,140
Urdu	139,440	127,255	790	3,940
Creoles	76,140	9,700	60,350	4,625
Persian (Farsi)	111,705	91,605	3,535	8,135
Croatian	71,725	66,190	1,275	1,945
Japanese	65,030	58,700	1,910	940
Korean	91,610	77,820	525	2,225
Tamil	111,580	99,010	1,050	3,490
Finnish	25,230	24,485	135	165
Armenian	32,905	17,045	3,745	9,850
Romanian	60,525	38,455	6,305	13,255
Ojibway	30,500	29,475	85	50
Czech	30,880	28,740	730	1,100
Danish	22,285	21,765	365	160
Non-verbal languages	41,555	32,805	6,465	250
Inuktitut (Eskimo)	32,775	24,715	1,235	1,000
Turkish	32,520	22,760	2,985	3,820
Macedonian	25,125	23,520	95	245
Slovak	21,730	20,520	440	530
Khmer (Cambodian)	21,805	10,530	6,515	2,315
Swedish	16,915	15,800	565	495
Swahili	25,300	20,420	3,390	960
Norwegian	12,305	11,840	295	160
Lao	18,500	11,375	4,190	1,450
Malay-Bahasa	18,255	17,220	340	175
Serbian	50,110	43,165	960	2,680
Lithuanian	10,225	9,585	220	245
Estonian	9,595	9,310	40	185
Latvian (Lettish)	9,545	9,140	45	250
Bengali	34,650	29,730	525	2,370
Maltese	9,960	9,860	15	25
Flemish	7,560	6,310	1,095	155
Slovenian	15,300	14,650	205	290
Gaelic languages	6,470	6,350	75	25
Sinhalese	15,410	14,840	55	300
Montagnais-Naskapi	10,465	1,735	7,215	485
Serbo-Croatian	31,245	24,260	2,575	2,095
Thai	9,385	7,435	1,040	555
Micmac	8,955	8,700	70	90
Blackfoot	4,495	4,475	0	0
Bulgarian	10,990	7,940	1,055	1,580
Malayalam	9,185	8,855	10	125
Dakota/Sioux	4,955	4,840	20	10
South Slave	2,205	2,085	35	15
Icelandic	2,385	2,350	10	20
Nishga	920	915	0	0
Frisian	3,945	3,930	0	15
Chipewyan	940	905	15	0
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	500	500	0	0
Tlingit	230	230	0	0
Dogrib	2,285	2,095	15	10
Kurdish	7,145	5,775	330	220
Pashto	7,990	6,650	170	325
Other languages^{Footnote 19}	305,955	254,175	31,100	9,565
Total population by religion^{Footnote 20}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,450	283,065
Catholic^{Footnote 21}	12,936,910	6,398,400	6,308,670	120,075
Protestant	8,654,850	8,451,365	149,970	19,685
Christian Orthodox	479,615	395,745	21,425	42,045
Christian, n.i.e.^{Footnote 22}	780,450	710,165	48,130	8,530
Muslim	579,640	451,965	64,665	31,510
Jewish	329,990	298,715	21,600	5,960
Buddhist	300,345	215,530	21,335	13,445
Hindu	297,205	274,655	1,965	6,155
Sikh	278,410	236,860	515	3,965
Eastern religions^{Footnote 23}	37,545	32,640	2,315	895
Other religions^{Footnote 24}	63,970	60,380	3,005	285
No religious affiliation^{Footnote 25}	4,900,090	4,400,610	351,870	30,515
Total population by various ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)^{Footnote 26}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,450	283,065
Total population - Single responses^{Footnote 27}	18,307,540	12,605,995	5,051,430	241,520
Total population - Multiple responses^{Footnote 28}	11,331,490	9,321,035	1,944,025	41,540
Canadian - Total responses	11,682,680	6,437,880	5,212,525	23,220
Canadian - Single responses	6,748,130	3,163,890	3,571,630	9,590
Canadian - Multiple responses	4,934,550	3,273,990	1,640,890	13,630
English - Total responses	5,978,875	5,864,240	106,890	6,560
English - Single responses	1,479,520	1,470,910	8,240	245
English - Multiple responses	4,499,355	4,393,335	98,645	6,315
French - Total responses	4,668,410	2,072,760	2,578,915	15,755
French - Single responses	1,060,755	176,505	881,945	2,170
French - Multiple responses	3,607,650	1,896,255	1,696,970	13,580
Scottish - Total responses	4,157,210	4,069,160	85,135	2,410
Scottish - Single responses	607,235	595,395	11,675	135
Scottish - Multiple responses	3,549,975	3,473,765	73,460	2,275
Irish - Total responses	3,822,665	3,602,580	215,620	4,110
Irish - Single responses	496,865	459,970	36,670	215
Irish - Multiple responses	3,325,795	3,142,610	178,950	3,895
German - Total responses	2,742,770	2,668,715	60,810	6,055
German - Single responses	705,595	687,895	9,255	2,785
German - Multiple responses	2,037,170	1,980,820	51,555	3,270
Aboriginal origins - Total responses^{Footnote 29}	1,319,890	1,131,540	166,960	6,120
Aboriginal origins - Single responses	565,040	502,550	43,590	4,370
Aboriginal origins - Multiple responses	754,850	628,985	123,360	1,755
Italian - Total responses	1,270,365	1,076,005	120,980	36,465
Italian - Single responses	726,275	602,500	55,915	32,310
Italian - Multiple responses	544,095	473,505	65,070	4,150
Chinese - Total responses	1,094,700	894,145	20,775	22,545
Chinese - Single responses	936,210	751,175	14,605	19,780
Chinese - Multiple responses	158,495	142,970	6,175	2,770
Ukrainian - Total responses	1,071,055	1,055,055	8,590	3,845
Ukrainian - Single responses	326,195	319,200	2,040	2,405
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	744,860	735,850	6,550	1,440
Dutch (Netherlands) - Total responses	923,315	911,785	8,655	1,805
Dutch (Netherlands) - Single responses	316,220	312,785	1,650	1,115
Dutch (Netherlands) - Multiple responses	607,090	599,000	7,005	685
Polish - Total responses	817,085	780,350	18,065	10,590
Polish - Single responses	260,415	238,445	5,970	8,735
Polish - Multiple responses	556,670	541,910	12,090	1,855
East Indian - Total responses	713,330	653,040	5,200	9,620
East Indian - Single responses	581,665	528,470	2,965	8,290
East Indian - Multiple responses	131,670	124,575	2,235	1,325
Norwegian - Total responses	363,760	360,820	2,615	290
Norwegian - Single responses	47,230	46,725	425	70
Norwegian - Multiple responses	316,530	314,100	2,190	220
Portuguese - Total responses	357,690	293,815	28,290	11,225
Portuguese - Single responses	252,835	198,265	20,760	10,095
Portuguese - Multiple responses	104,855	95,550	7,530	1,135
Welsh - Total responses	350,365	348,850	1,340	150
Welsh - Single responses	28,440	28,355	60	20
Welsh - Multiple responses	321,920	320,500	1,280	130
Jewish - Total responses	348,605	318,900	19,375	6,080
Jewish - Single responses	186,475	168,225	11,210	3,855
Jewish - Multiple responses	162,135	150,680	8,165	2,225
Russian - Total responses	337,965	321,690	6,460	5,325
Russian - Single responses	70,895	62,945	2,180	2,915
Russian - Multiple responses	267,075	258,750	4,280	2,410
Filipino - Total responses	327,550	321,285	1,250	2,310
Filipino - Single responses	266,145	260,910	705	2,035
Filipino - Multiple responses	61,410	60,375	540	275
Swedish - Total responses	282,760	280,330	1,990	365
Swedish - Single responses	30,440	29,930	315	160
Swedish - Multiple responses	252,320	250,395	1,670	205
Hungarian (Magyar) - Total responses	267,255	256,500	5,415	2,725
Hungarian (Magyar) - Single responses	91,795	86,195	1,720	1,645
Hungarian (Magyar) - Multiple responses	175,460	170,305	3,695	1,080
Total population by visible minority groups^{Footnote 30}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,060
Total visible minority population	3,983,845	3,297,865	274,900	116,270
Chinese	1,029,395	835,665	17,905	21,110
South Asian	917,075	828,305	7,090	17,190
Black	662,215	525,140	122,980	9,260
Filipino	308,575	302,600	1,085	2,240
Latin American	216,975	147,260	38,160	17,710
Southeast Asian	198,875	139,845	25,500	14,660
Arab	194,685	114,630	49,975	20,775
West Asian	109,285	90,325	3,575	7,185
Korean	100,660	86,190	1,380	2,225
Japanese	73,320	69,770	825	440
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 31}	98,920	92,290	3,620	1,755
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 32}	73,870	65,855	2,800	1,720
All others^{Footnote 33}	25,655,185	18,629,170	6,720,550	166,795
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population^{Footnote 34}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,060
Total Aboriginal identity population^{Footnote 35}	976,305	880,405	75,305	5,345
North American Indian single response^{Footnote 36}	608,850	562,070	34,055	3,710
Métis single response	292,305	255,470	35,965	560
Inuit single response	45,070	36,780	1,445	1,010
Multiple Aboriginal responses	6,660	5,735	860	45
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 37}	23,415	20,350	2,980	35
Total non-Aboriginal population	28,662,725	21,046,630	6,920,145	277,715
Total population by citizenship^{Footnote 38}	29,639,035	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
Canadian Citizenship^{Footnote 39}	28,070,385	20,675,810	6,878,195	233,680
Citizenship other than Canadian	1,568,645	1,251,220	117,255	49,385
Total population by immigrant status and place of birth of respondent^{Footnote 40}	29,639,030	21,927,035	6,995,455	283,065
Non-immigrant population	23,991,910	17,237,290	6,594,305	88,130
Born in province of residence	20,355,895	14,010,305	6,197,760	79,120
Born outside province of residence	3,636,015	3,226,985	396,545	9,010
Immigrant population^{Footnote 41}	5,448,480	4,538,205	379,460	188,270
United States	237,925	222,955	13,100	1,220
Central and South America	304,645	243,710	31,635	17,245
Caribbean and Bermuda	294,055	237,350	51,305	3,295
Europe^{Footnote 42}	2,287,555	1,967,610	150,550	77,840
United Kingdom	606,000	604,460	990	465
Other Northern and Western Europe	494,820	401,650	83,915	7,340
Eastern Europe^{Footnote 43}	471,370	409,390	14,865	30,190
Southern Europe^{Footnote 44}	715,370	552,105	50,775	39,850
Africa	282,600	186,605	74,470	17,020
Asia^{Footnote 45}	1,989,180	1,629,700	57,265	71,430
West Central Asia and the Middle East^{Footnote 46}	285,580	209,475	27,490	32,075
Eastern Asia	730,600	573,450	8,150	13,780
South-East Asia	469,110	401,865	19,560	16,315
Southern Asia	503,890	444,910	2,060	9,255
Oceania and other^{Footnote 47}	52,525	50,270	1,135	215
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 48}	198,645	151,545	21,685	6,660
Total immigrant population by period of immigration^{Footnote 49}	5,448,485	4,538,205	379,460	188,270
Before 1961	894,465	817,300	37,485	17,245
1961-1970	745,560	643,870	50,350	18,970
1971-1980	936,275	792,925	70,890	26,165
1981-1990	1,041,500	841,530	80,990	46,150
1991-2001	1,830,680	1,442,580	139,740	79,740
1991-1995	867,355	689,110	61,435	41,020
1996-2001^{Footnote 50}	963,320	753,470	78,305	38,715
Total population of immigrants who came between 1996 and 2001 by place of birth^{Footnote 51}	963,325	753,470	78,305	38,715
United States	29,745	27,890	965	295
Central and South America	50,925	37,265	6,260	2,845
Caribbean and Bermuda	34,480	25,840	7,490	515
Europe^{Footnote 52}	189,705	138,675	23,205	14,540
United Kingdom	19,760	19,580	85	55
Other Northern and Western Europe	33,870	15,995	15,665	1,500
Eastern Europe^{Footnote 53}	87,760	66,110	4,535	10,115
Southern Europe^{Footnote 54}	48,315	36,990	2,920	2,875
Africa	79,490	43,230	28,710	5,435
Asia^{Footnote 55}	572,485	474,390	11,545	15,060
West Central Asia and the Middle East^{Footnote 56}	95,200	75,425	4,930	6,655
Eastern Asia	228,515	179,905	3,890	4,180
South-East Asia	76,430	69,245	1,605	1,110
Southern Asia	172,335	149,815	1,120	3,110
Oceania and other^{Footnote 57}	6,500	6,180	140	25
Total population 15 years and over by place of birth of mother^{Footnote 58}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
Born in Canada	15,871,955	10,533,455	5,310,475	19,205
Born outside Canada	8,029,410	7,011,590	461,900	213,565
United States	444,455	409,815	34,010	485
Central and South America	331,725	268,500	31,015	18,610
Caribbean and Bermuda	363,600	296,340	61,495	3,690
Europe	4,363,310	3,970,980	200,115	99,435
United Kingdom	1,348,705	1,344,535	3,640	450
Other Northern and Western Europe	951,380	837,950	104,260	7,635
Eastern Europe	874,415	806,585	18,975	31,260
Southern Europe	1,188,805	981,915	73,245	60,090
Africa	281,415	182,835	78,120	16,730
Asia	2,187,705	1,827,390	56,470	74,465
West Central Asia and the Middle East	281,100	204,035	28,995	32,420
Eastern Asia	855,980	692,725	5,525	15,430
South-East Asia	475,105	413,790	20,475	16,920
Southern Asia	575,530	516,845	1,480	9,695
Oceania and other	57,195	55,735	675	145
Total population 15 years and over by place of birth of father^{Footnote 59}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
Born in Canada	15,562,340	10,261,745	5,273,405	18,280
Born outside Canada	8,339,020	7,283,300	498,970	214,490
United States	423,525	389,740	33,160	510
Central and South America	322,430	260,510	30,800	17,835
Caribbean and Bermuda	367,465	298,740	62,900	3,745
Europe	4,672,280	4,250,565	228,265	100,575
United Kingdom	1,352,795	1,346,645	5,665	400
Other Northern and Western Europe	1,043,505	923,065	111,185	7,705
Eastern Europe	984,755	913,340	22,490	31,375
Southern Europe	1,291,225	1,067,520	88,925	61,090
Africa	285,270	183,350	82,040	16,195
Asia	2,212,655	1,846,500	61,025	75,500
West Central Asia and the Middle East	292,810	212,335	31,600	33,155
Eastern Asia	879,035	712,060	7,090	15,955
South-East Asia	453,005	393,865	20,215	16,515
Southern Asia	587,795	528,245	2,120	9,875
Oceania and other	55,390	53,895	785	130
Total population 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 60}	29,314,755	21,686,015	6,930,190	280,935
Non-movers	25,123,495	18,528,925	6,017,210	239,780
Movers	4,191,265	3,157,085	912,975	41,160
Non-migrants	2,388,905	1,847,860	485,050	21,805
Migrants	1,802,360	1,309,225	427,930	19,350
Internal migrants	1,507,735	1,085,215	401,690	10,645
Intraprovincial migrants	1,223,105	837,685	369,775	7,595
Interprovincial migrants	284,635	247,535	31,915	3,050
External migrants	294,620	224,005	26,240	8,705
Total population 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 61}	27,932,585	20,643,165	6,648,680	273,170
Non-movers	16,222,260	11,814,585	4,073,900	145,230
Movers	11,710,325	8,828,585	2,574,775	127,940
Non-migrants	6,251,590	4,799,885	1,316,570	59,975
Migrants	5,458,735	4,028,705	1,258,205	67,965
Internal migrants	4,482,775	3,254,220	1,176,315	31,355
Intraprovincial migrants	3,577,105	2,459,840	1,079,370	21,585
Interprovincial migrants	905,670	794,385	96,945	9,765
External migrants	975,960	774,475	81,900	36,610
Total population 15 years and over by school attendance^{Footnote 62}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
Not attending school	20,004,485	14,635,000	4,869,565	165,280
Attending school full time	2,777,225	2,063,430	654,025	51,275
Attending school part time	1,119,650	846,610	248,785	16,215
Total population 15 years and over by highest level of schooling^{Footnote 63}	23,901,355	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
Less than grade 9	2,350,495	1,235,375	884,770	26,310
Grades 9 to 13	8,494,305	6,352,395	1,985,510	60,590
Without high school graduation certificate	5,126,405	4,028,520	1,001,535	34,440
With high school graduation certificate	3,367,900	2,323,880	983,980	26,145
Trades certificate or diploma	2,598,925	1,923,075	650,820	16,900
College^{Footnote 64}	5,116,015	3,817,565	1,236,245	45,200
Without certificate or diploma	1,537,615	1,123,350	391,270	14,960
With certificate or diploma	3,578,400	2,694,210	844,970	30,235
University	5,341,625	4,216,635	1,015,030	83,780
Without degree	1,653,970	1,354,220	267,210	21,220
Without certificate or diploma	1,052,550	948,300	87,365	11,700
With certificate or diploma	601,430	405,920	179,850	9,525
With bachelor's degree or higher	3,687,650	2,862,410	747,815	62,555
Total population 15 years and over by major field of study^{Footnote 65}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
Educational, recreational and counselling services	1,083,695	799,345	273,035	7,220
Fine and applied arts	576,920	420,895	147,745	5,820
Humanities and related fields	674,560	481,715	178,595	11,215
Social sciences and related fields	1,038,225	803,625	219,060	12,425
Commerce, management and business administration	2,287,215	1,706,235	549,800	24,275
Agricultural, biological, nutritional, and food sciences	497,505	365,905	123,705	5,475
Engineering and applied sciences	489,665	385,745	83,795	15,815
Applied science technologies and trades	2,234,150	1,690,310	522,130	16,165
Health professions and related technologies	1,164,100	912,095	238,315	9,620
Mathematics, computer and physical sciences	394,510	304,630	77,330	10,615
No postsecondary diploma and other fields of study	13,460,800	9,674,540	3,358,870	114,130
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activity^{Footnote 66}	23,901,360	17,545,045	5,772,375	232,770
In the labour force	15,872,075	11,892,090	3,730,095	151,840
Employed	14,695,135	11,042,820	3,431,030	135,810
Unemployed	1,176,935	849,265	299,065	16,030
Not in the labour force	8,029,290	5,652,955	2,042,280	80,930
Participation rate	66	68	65	65
Employment rate	61	63	59	58
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.1	8.0	10.6
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - 1997 North American Industry Classification System^{Footnote 67}	15,872,070	11,892,085	3,730,095	151,840
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 68}	295,510	196,740	87,525	6,330
All industries^{Footnote 69}	15,576,565	11,695,345	3,642,565	145,510
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	567,665	442,505	117,080	1,160
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction	169,970	146,585	23,010	335
22 Utilities	118,790	90,300	27,870	505
23 Construction	879,245	681,270	187,130	4,515
31-33 Manufacturing	2,174,290	1,514,420	601,455	26,680
41 Wholesale trade	686,530	525,000	150,545	7,165
44-45 Retail trade	1,754,890	1,316,125	414,340	17,490
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	774,220	594,090	171,815	6,635
51 Information and cultural industries	417,285	322,250	89,690	4,630
52 Finance and insurance	635,630	493,510	134,865	6,355
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	259,355	209,340	46,815	2,435
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	982,305	770,200	197,255	13,225
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15,320	12,630	2,490	150
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	605,910	473,330	120,035	7,015
61 Educational services	1,021,025	761,130	249,310	9,175
62 Health care and social assistance	1,511,360	1,116,070	381,580	10,225
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	303,865	238,350	62,965	1,780
72 Accommodation and food services	1,046,040	802,660	215,135	13,845
81 Other services (except public administration)	748,400	551,595	184,935	6,555
91 Public administration	904,485	633,995	264,255	5,635
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics^{Footnote 70}	15,872,070	11,892,085	3,730,090	151,840
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 71}	295,510	196,740	87,530	6,330
All occupations^{Footnote 72}	15,576,565	11,695,345	3,642,565	145,510
A Management occupations	1,620,905	1,271,600	327,680	15,905
B Business, finance and administrative occupations	2,768,370	2,081,090	657,280	25,720
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,003,810	763,300	221,640	17,655
D Health occupations	812,200	596,800	208,370	6,210
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	1,205,185	885,945	306,295	10,870
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	435,680	325,745	104,600	4,170
G Sales and service occupations	3,677,380	2,779,030	832,285	36,065
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,294,620	1,704,415	561,685	14,510
I Occupations unique to primary industry	667,550	535,950	122,590	1,755
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,090,865	751,465	300,145	12,660
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 73}	15,872,070	11,892,085	3,730,095	151,840
Class of worker - Not applicable^{Footnote 74}	295,505	196,740	87,530	6,330
All classes of worker^{Footnote 75}	15,576,565	11,695,345	3,642,565	145,510
Paid workers	14,260,930	10,649,100	3,393,370	133,735
Employees	13,654,445	10,183,030	3,263,545	126,600
Self-employed (incorporated)	606,480	466,065	129,825	7,135
Without paid help	238,370	180,825	53,155	2,925
With paid help	368,115	285,240	76,665	4,210
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,254,720	997,580	238,160	11,110
Without paid help	892,480	708,805	171,745	7,260
With paid help	362,235	288,775	66,420	3,855
Unpaid family workers	60,915	48,670	11,040	665
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work status^{Footnote 76}	14,695,135	11,042,820	3,431,030	135,815
Usual place of work	12,177,405	9,038,345	2,955,700	117,485
In CSD of residence	6,937,965	5,568,050	1,267,750	57,855
In different CSD	5,239,440	3,470,300	1,687,945	59,630
In same CD	2,918,385	2,038,720	834,170	34,585
At home	1,175,760	932,940	226,980	7,675
Outside Canada	68,515	57,175	8,635	1,215
No fixed workplace address	1,273,450	1,014,370	239,720	9,435
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2000 by language used most often at work^{Footnote 77}	16,961,080	12,762,325	3,928,015	161,245
English	12,933,345	12,346,830	477,935	75,800
French	3,415,100	114,315	3,254,595	44,750
Non-official language	239,340	153,530	8,620	7,400
English and French	271,660	67,355	177,455	26,645
English and non-official language	83,410	76,020	645	1,880
French and non-official language	5,990	335	4,535	800
English, French and non-official language	12,240	3,945	4,230	3,970
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2000 by language used regularly at work^{Footnote 78}	16,961,075	12,762,325	3,928,020	161,240
None	14,836,145	11,884,540	2,776,635	89,250
English	1,054,260	166,070	849,025	28,495
French	625,010	329,115	271,485	23,760
Non-official language	405,250	361,825	18,260	13,035
English and French	2,280	660	535	1,045
English and non-official language	14,470	2,755	8,915	2,675
French and non-official language	23,535	17,335	3,145	2,925
English, French and non-official language	115	25	20	65
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent doing unpaid housework^{Footnote 79}	23,901,355	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,765
No hours of unpaid housework	2,475,110	1,776,215	594,890	34,695
Less than 5 hours of unpaid housework	5,625,170	4,026,610	1,463,505	65,735
5 to 14 hours of unpaid housework	7,540,180	5,533,910	1,848,975	69,950
15 to 29 hours of unpaid housework	4,716,120	3,494,120	1,119,150	36,570
30 to 59 hours of unpaid housework	2,524,015	1,897,865	566,795	18,110
60 hours or more of unpaid housework	1,020,765	816,320	179,060	7,710
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent looking after children, without pay^{Footnote 80}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
No hours of unpaid child care	14,799,060	10,863,880	3,573,030	144,770
Less than 5 hours of unpaid child care	2,340,885	1,624,250	651,865	26,440
5 to 14 hours of unpaid child care	2,363,360	1,691,400	610,060	25,490
15 to 29 hours of unpaid child care	1,632,290	1,181,305	410,715	16,065
30 to 59 hours of unpaid child care	1,235,825	927,775	279,310	9,760
60 hours or more of unpaid child care	1,529,940	1,256,430	247,395	10,245
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors^{Footnote 81}	23,901,360	17,545,040	5,772,375	232,770
No hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	19,555,600	14,320,795	4,737,345	193,145
Less than 5 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	2,768,385	2,001,860	717,655	24,315
5 to 9 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	925,895	713,020	194,020	8,490
10 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	651,470	509,365	123,355	6,825
10 to 19 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors^{Footnote 82}	327,100	254,200	64,340	3,370
20 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors^{Footnote 83}	324,380	255,165	59,015	3,460
Total population 15 years and over with employment income by work activity^{Footnote 84}	16,415,785	12,346,725	3,812,295	153,150
Average employment income $	31,757	32,616	29,549	26,734
Standard error of average employment income $	23	28	33	170
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 85}	8,685,230	6,571,575	1,998,965	72,775
Average employment income $	43,298	44,682	39,328	38,282
Standard error of average employment income $	36	45	50	283
Worked part year or part time^{Footnote 86}	7,301,290	5,466,275	1,706,730	74,935
Average employment income $	19,207	19,282	19,227	16,656
Standard error of average employment income $	24	30	40	179
Total population 15 years and over by composition of total income in 2000 %^{Footnote 87}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Employment income %	77.1	77.9	75.5	78.4
Government transfer payments %	11.6	10.7	13.9	12.3
Other %	11.3	11.5	10.7	9.3
Total population 15 years and over by total income groups^{Footnote 88}	23,901,360	17,545,045	5,772,375	232,765
Without income	1,178,310	825,410	301,880	21,845
With income	22,723,050	16,719,630	5,470,495	210,925
Under $2,000^{Footnote 89}	1,567,095	1,162,930	350,495	20,970
$ 2,000 - $ 4,999	1,378,615	1,042,420	298,730	16,335
$ 5,000 - $ 6,999	1,013,320	721,315	262,090	12,710
$ 7,000 - $ 9,999	1,463,945	1,022,000	389,920	16,220
$10,000 - $11,999	1,092,325	757,150	287,470	11,050
$12,000 - $14,999	1,670,990	1,163,620	428,680	15,125
$15,000 - $19,999	2,244,945	1,594,955	579,720	22,290
$20,000 - $24,999	1,878,230	1,360,880	473,485	18,930
$25,000 - $29,999	1,687,195	1,215,990	443,215	14,970
$30,000 - $34,999	1,667,055	1,228,330	416,310	13,215
$35,000 - $39,999	1,307,490	974,125	317,915	9,870
$40,000 - $44,999	1,174,885	882,955	279,365	8,380
$45,000 - $49,999	847,150	645,010	193,885	5,725
$50,000 - $59,999	1,338,810	1,023,755	303,080	8,570
$60,000 - $74,999	1,184,150	930,640	243,645	7,825
$75,000 and over	1,206,845	993,560	202,495	8,725
Average income $^{Footnote 90}	29,769	30,930	27,286	24,764
Median income $^{Footnote 91}	22,120	23,026	21,082	17,600
Standard error of average income $^{Footnote 92}	19	24	27	137

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 2

People who can conduct a conversation in French only are assigned 'French' as their first official language spoken. People who can carry on a conversation in English only are assigned 'English' as their first official language spoken. The responses to questions on mother tongue and home language are subsequently used to establish either the first official language spoken by people who speak both English and French, or who cannot speak either of the two official languages. The 'French' category includes people who have French only or French and at least one non-official language as their mother tongue. People who have English only or English and at least one non-official language as their mother tongue are included in the 'English' category. For cases that have not yet been classified, people are assigned to the 'French' category when they speak French only or French and at least one non-official language as home language. The procedure is the same for English. Thus, the population is classified into two main categories: 'English' and 'French'. It is necessary to add two residual categories for people who cannot be classified in accordance with the information available: 'English and French' and 'Neither English nor French'. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

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Footnote 3

Age
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 15, 2001). This variable is derived from date of birth.

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Footnote 4

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

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Footnote 5

Legal Marital Status
Part A - Plain Language Definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g. single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital Status) on the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.

The various responses are defined as follows:

Never legally married (single)

Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.

Legally married (and not separated)

Persons whose husband or wife is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.

Separated, but still legally married

Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.

Divorced

Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.

Widowed

Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

Refers to two people of the opposite sex or of the same sex who live together as a couple, but who are not legally married to each other.

Special Note: Common-law Status

Refers to two people of the opposite sex or of the same sex who live together as a couple, but who are not legally married to each other. For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

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Footnote 7

Home Language
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the language spoken most often or on a regular basis at home by the individual at the time of the census.

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This question has been changed since 1996. Until that census, the question asked for the language spoken most often at home, and this remains as part (a) in 2001; another part (part [b]) on languages spoken on a regular basis at home was added in 2001. This was done in order to reflect the complete linguistic situation of some Canadian households.
In 2001, the following instructions were provided to respondents in the 2001 Census Guide:
Part (a)
Report the language spoken most often at home. Report more than one language only if all languages are spoken equally often.
For a person who lives alone:
· report the language in which you feel most comfortable.
For a child who has not yet learned to speak:
· report the language spoken most often to this child at home. If two languages are spoken, report the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, report both languages.
Part (b)
Report any other languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis, but not as often as the language reported in part (a).
On the French version of all census forms, for all questions in the language module where there is a choice of response available, the order in which the choices appear was modified since 1996 in order to give precedence to the category 'French'. The questions on knowledge of official languages and non-official languages also reflect this change, in the actual wording of the question(s).

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Footnote 8

The 1996 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' contains all responses of 'Chinese', including 'Mandarin', 'Cantonese' and 'Hakka'. Therefore it is not equivalent to the 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' but rather, equal to the sum of the 2001 categories of 'Chinese, n.o.s.', 'Mandarin', 'Cantonese' and 'Hakka'.

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Footnote 9

This is a subtotal of all non-official languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

This is a subtotal of all non-official languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 13

Mother Tongue
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 14

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Footnote 15

This is a subtotal of all non-official languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 16

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither of the official languages of Canada.

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Footnote 17

Knowledge of Non-official Languages
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation.

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Footnote 18

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Footnote 19

This is a subtotal of all non-official languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here.

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Footnote 20

Religion
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to specific religious denominations, groups or bodies, as well as to sects, cults, or other religiously defined communities or systems of belief.

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Footnote 21

Includes Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church, Old Catholic.

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Footnote 22

Includes mostly answers of 'Christian', not otherwise stated.

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Footnote 23

Includes Baha'i, Eckankar, Jains, Shinto, Taoist, Zoroastrian and Eastern religions, not identified elsewhere.

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Footnote 24

Includes Aboriginal spirituality, Pagan, Wicca, Unity - New Thought - Pantheist, Scientology, Rastafarian, New Age, Gnostic, Satanist, etc.

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Footnote 25

Includes Agnostic, Atheist, Humanist, and No religion, and other responses, such as Darwinism, etc.

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Footnote 26

Ethnic Origin - Refers to the ethnic or cultural group(s) to which the respondent's ancestors belong. Ethnic or cultural origin refers to the ethnic 'roots' or ancestral background of the population, and should not be confused with citizenship or nationality.

The comparability of ethnic origin data has been affected by several factors, including changes in the question wording, format, examples, instructions and data processing, as well as by the social environment at the time of the census.

In 1996 and 2001, the comparability with previous census data is affected by the change in format and the examples provided on the questionnaire. The change in format to an open-ended question in 1996 likely affected response patterns, especially for groups who had been included as mark-in response categories in 1991. In addition, the presence of examples such as 'Canadian', which were not included in previous censuses, may also affect response patterns.

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The count for 'Total population by various ethnic origins (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this table.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the Total population - Multiple responses category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the Scottish - Multiple responses category and counted once in the English - Multiple responses category.

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Footnote 27

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Footnote 28

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Footnote 29

The 'Aboriginal origins' category is formed by North American Indian, Métis and Inuit.

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Footnote 30

Visible Minorities
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

The visible minority population includes the following groups: Chinese, South Asian, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Southeast Asian, Arab, West Asian, Korean, Japanese, Visible Minority, n.i.e. and Multiple Visible Minorities.

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Footnote 31

Includes respondents who reported a write-in response classified as a visible minority such as 'Polynesian', 'Guyanese', 'Mauritian', etc.

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Footnote 32

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g. 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 33

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to Question 18 (Aboriginal self-reporting) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 34

Aboriginal Identity
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, i.e. North American Indian, Métis or Inuit (Eskimo), and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or who were members of an Indian Band or First Nation. In 1991 and previous censuses, Aboriginal persons were determined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's own perception of his/her Aboriginal identity. The 2001 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996.

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Footnote 35

This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2001 Census form. Included in the Aboriginal population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, 'North American Indian', 'Métis' or 'Inuit (Eskimo)', and/or who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or who reported they were members of an Indian Band or First Nation.

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Footnote 36

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2001, a total of 30 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 30 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 37

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or Band members without Aboriginal identity response.

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Footnote 38

Citizenship
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 39

Includes those who reported dual citizenship including 'Canadian'.

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Footnote 40

Landed Immigrant Status
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to people who have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 41

Refers to people who are, or have been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada.

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Footnote 42

Data not directly comparable to censuses prior to 1996, where Europe included Cyprus and the U.S.S.R. In 1996 and 2001, Cyprus and the former Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in Asia.

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Footnote 43

Data not directly comparable to previous censuses, where Eastern Europe included the U.S.S.R. In 1996 and 2001, the former Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in West Central Asia and the Middle East.

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Footnote 44

Cyprus, which in previous censuses was grouped under the heading 'Southern Europe', is now included in West Central Asia and the Middle East.

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Footnote 45

Data not directly comparable to previous censuses. In 1996 and 2001, Asia includes Cyprus and the former Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

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Footnote 46

Since the 1996 Census, the subcontinental region formerly known as Western Asia and the Middle East has been redefined to include Cyprus and the former Soviet republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

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Footnote 47

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country', as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 48

Refers to persons who, at the time of the census, held a student or employment authorization, Minister's permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them.

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Footnote 49

Year of Immigration
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 50

Includes data up to May 15, 2001.

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Footnote 51

Place of Birth: Respondent
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to specific provinces or territories for respondents who were born in Canada, or to specific countries if born outside Canada.

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Footnote 52

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Footnote 53

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Footnote 54

Cyprus, which in previous censuses was grouped under the heading 'Southern Europe', is now included in West Central Asia and the Middle East.

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Footnote 55

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Footnote 56

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Footnote 57

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country', as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 58

Place of Birth: Mother
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the country where the respondent's mother was born.

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Footnote 59

Place of Birth: Father
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the country where the respondent's father was born.

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Footnote 60

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (1 Year Ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision than the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision than the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

Special Note: Mobility Status (1 Year Ago) Subuniverse

The 'Mobility Status (1 Year Ago)' subuniverse includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

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Footnote 61

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility Status (5 Years Ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision than the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision than the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

Special Note: Mobility Status (5 Years Ago) Subuniverse

The 'Mobility Status (5 Years Ago)' subuniverse includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

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Footnote 62

School Attendance
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to either full-time or part-time (day or evening) attendance at school, college or university during the nine-month period between September 2000 and May 15, 2001. Attendance is counted only for courses which could be used as credits towards a certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 63

Highest Level of Schooling
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the highest grade or year of elementary or secondary (high) school attended, or to the highest year of university or college education completed. University education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than college education. Also, the attainment of a degree, certificate or diploma is considered to be at a higher level than years completed or attended without an educational qualification.

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Footnote 64

Referred to as 'Other non-university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses, this sector includes non-degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 65

Major Field of Study (MFS) - Census Historical
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Main subject area of the person's highest degree, certificate or diploma after high school. This refers to the subject in which the person obtained the most advanced degree, certificate or diploma that he or she holds at the postsecondary level.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary degree, certificate or diploma. The major field of study classification structure consists of 10 broad or major categories: educational, recreational and counselling services; fine and applied arts; humanities and related fields; social sciences and related fields; commerce, management and business administration; agricultural, biological, nutritional, and food sciences; engineering and applied sciences; applied science technologies and trades; health professions and related technologies; and mathematics, computer and physical sciences. This structure is, in turn, subdivided into over 100 'minor' classification categories and about 980 'unit' groups.

In the previous censuses, there were approximately 450 MFS codes. In 2001, there are over 900. This expansion was undertaken as a response to the adaptation by Statistics Canada of the U.S. Classification of Instructional Programs (or CIP) as the standard system for measuring Canada's educational output. The expanded code set will be used to create a concordance between the MFS and CIP. The major field of study data from the 2001 Census will use the 450 MFS codes, not the expanded set.

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Footnote 66

Labour Force Activity (in Reference Week)
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). Respondents were classified as either employed, or unemployed, or as not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed (in Reference Week)
Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice;
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed (in Reference Week)
Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the Labour Force (in Reference Week)
Refers to persons 15 years of age and over, excluding institutional residents, who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long-term illness or disability.

Labour Force (in Reference Week)
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

In past censuses, this was called 'Total Labour Force'.

Participation Rate (in Reference Week)
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over excluding institutional residents.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment Rate (in Reference Week)
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over excluding institutional residents.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over in that group.

In past censuses, this was called the Employment-population Ratio.

Unemployment Rate (in Reference Week)
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

Note:

1. For information on the comparability of labour force activity data with those of previous censuses and with the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix E in the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

2. See the Dictionary of the 1971 Census terms (Catalogue No. 12-540) for differences between 1961 and 1971.

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Footnote 67

Industry (based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain Language Definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2001 Census data on industry (based on the 1997 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 industry data are produced according to the 1997 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 99 subsectors and 300 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 1997, Catalogue No. 12-501-XPE.

The variable 'Industry (based on the 1997 NAICS)' does not permit direct comparison to any previous census industry data. The 1980 Standard Industrial Classification should be used for comparisons between the 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses.

The 2001 industry data can be tabulated for a number of populations, among which the most frequently used are:
(a) the employed;
(b) the experienced labour force - persons who were either employed or unemployed in the reference week but who had worked since January 1, 2000;
(c) those who have worked since January 1, 2000, regardless of whether or not they were in the labour force in the reference week.

The remaining components of the labour force, unemployed persons who worked prior to January 1, 2000, or who never worked, are shown in the data under the category 'Industry - Not applicable'.

Coding of responses to the industry questions was done, where possible, using a pre-coded List of Establishments to ensure uniformity with the NAICS codes assigned to the same establishments by other Statistics Canada surveys.

Comparable industry information based on the 1997 NAICS is also available from the Labour Force Survey.

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Footnote 68

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 69

Refers to the experienced labour force: persons who, during the week prior to Census Day, were employed or unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 70

Occupation (based on the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics [NOC-S 2001])
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2001 data on occupation are classified according to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S 2001). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 Censuses, the variable Occupation (Historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2001 occupation data are classified according to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S 2001). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.

The 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics is a revision of the 1991 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). The 1991 SOC was used to classify occupation data in the 1991 and 1996 Censuses. In order to compare occupation data coded to the NOC-S 2001 with data coded to the 1991 SOC, the variable Occupation (Historical) should be used.

The 2001 occupation data can be tabulated for a number of populations, among which the most frequently used are:

(a) the employed;
(b) the experienced labour force - persons who were either employed or unemployed in the reference week but who had worked since January 1, 2000;
(c) those who have worked since January 1, 2000, regardless of whether or not they were in the labour force in the reference week.
The remaining components of the labour force, unemployed persons who worked prior to January 1, 2000, or who never worked, are shown in the data under the category 'Occupation - Not applicable'.

If the respondent did not specify an occupation or did not define it in sufficient detail to permit coding, a computer-generated NOC-S 2001 code was assigned based on other economic and demographic information given by the respondent.

Human Resources Development Canada classifies occupation data according to the National Occupational Classification (NOC). This classification has a similar structure to that of the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S 2001). The two classifications have 520 unit groups, 140 minor groups and 10 broad categories in common. However, there are 47 major groups in the NOC-S 2001 and 26 major groups in the NOC. Occupation data from the 2001 Census are available according to both the NOC-S 2001and the NOC structures.

Occupation information is also available from the Labour Force Survey.

For information on the NOC-S 2001, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics, 2001, Catalogue No. 12-583-XPE.

Cautionary Notes: Occupation

Broad Occupational Category A - Management Occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad Occupational Category A - Management Occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager, project manager, etc. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as income, age and education.

A334 - Other Managers in Public Administration

Census data for A334 - Other Managers in Public Administration should be used with extreme caution due to a high level of coding error. Coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate management level, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization, e.g., managers in economic and social policy administration have been miscoded to this group. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to A334 due to confusion over titles such as program manager, project manager, etc.

E037 - Program Officers Unique to Government

Census data for E037 - Program Officers Unique to Government should be used with extreme caution due to a high level of coding error. Coding errors were made with respect to the appropriate area of specialization, e.g., economic and social policy researchers and officers have been miscoded to this group. As well, a number of vague responses such as 'civil servant' and 'fonctionnaire' were wrongly assigned this code.

G111 - Sales Representatives, Wholesale Trade (Non-Technical)

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in G111 - Sales Representatives, Wholesale Trade (Non-Technical). A high number of vague responses have resulted in some of these occupations being miscoded to other sales occupations such as G211 - Retail Salespersons and Sales Clerks and A131 - Sales Marketing and Advertising Managers.

G121 - Technical Sales Specialists, Wholesale Trade

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in G121 - Technical Sales Specialists, Wholesale Trade. A high number of vague responses have resulted in some of these occupations being miscoded to other sales occupations such as G211 - Retail Salespersons and Sales Clerks and A131 - Sales Marketing and Advertising Managers.

G982 - Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations

2001 Census data are showing an over-estimate of persons in G982 - Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations due to miscoding of some workers in pressing occupations in clothing manufacturing to this group. These responses should have been coded to J319 - Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities. Data users may want to consider excluding persons in industry (NAICS) sub-sector 315 - Clothing Manufacturing from the estimates for G982.

H512 - Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners

2001 Census data are showing an over-estimate of persons in H512 - Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Milliners due to miscoding of some responses of 'couturier' and 'seamstress' in clothing manufacturing to this group.

J111 - Central Control and Process Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing
J121 - Machine Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing

Data for J111 - Central Control and Process Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing and J121 - Machine Operators, Mineral and Metal Processing should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J113 - Pulping Control Operators
J142 - Pulp Mill Machine Operators

Data for J113 - Pulping Control Operators and J142 - Pulp Mill Machine Operators should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J114 - Papermaking and Coating Control Operators
J143 - Papermaking and Finishing Machine Operators

Data for J114 - Papermaking and Coating Control Operators and J143 - Papermaking and Finishing Machine Operators should be used with caution. There is some overlap of responses coded to these two groups as respondents do not always provide enough information to allow coders to distinguish between them.

J319 - Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities

2001 Census data are showing an under-estimate of persons in J319 - Other Labourers in Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities due to miscoding of some workers in pressing occupations in clothing manufacturing to G982 - Ironing, Pressing and Finishing Occupations.

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Footnote 71

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 72

Refers to the experienced labour force: persons who, during the week prior to Census Day, were employed or unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 73

Class of Worker
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 15, 2001) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Wage and Salary Earners
Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and who indicated that in the job reported, they were working mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money). Some examples include: those who worked in someone else's private household at such jobs as babysitting and cleaning; salespersons on commission working for only one company and not maintaining an office or staff; and those who worked for payment 'in kind' in non-family enterprises, such as members of a religious order who received free room and board or other supplies in lieu of cash.

Self-employed
Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked since January 1, 2000, and for whom the job reported consisted mainly of operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership. Some examples include: operating a farm, whether the land is rented or owned; working on a freelance or contract basis to do a job (e.g. architects, private duty nurses); operating a direct distributorship selling and delivering products such as cosmetics, newspapers, brushes and soap products; and fishing with own equipment or with equipment in which the person has a share.
Respondents were to specify if their business was incorporated or unincorporated, as well as if they had paid help or no paid help. It should be noted that new tax laws in 1980 permitted the respondent, for the first time, to deduct a spouse's wages as expenses. Consequently, self-employed persons who decided to pay wages to their spouse to take advantage of the new law changed status from 'without paid help' to 'with paid help' between 1971 and 1981. This change should be kept in mind when comparing data between the 1971 Census and subsequent censuses.

Unpaid Family Workers (Worked Without Pay for a Relative in a Family Business, Farm or Professional Practice)
Includes persons 15 years of age and over who worked without regular money wages, for a relative who was a member of the same household. The job reported consisted mainly of tasks contributing to the operation of a business, farm or professional practice, owned or operated by the relative.
Census data are directly comparable for this category from 1981 to 2001. The 1971 Census may not be strictly comparable to subsequent censuses because of conceptual changes in the 1981 Census. For instance, females who were unpaid family workers, worked as farm labourers, and did less than 20 hours of unpaid work a week, were excluded from the labour force according to the 1971 definitions. These persons are included in the employed labour force in 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. Also, new tax laws, mentioned earlier, changed the status of some people from 'unpaid family workers' to 'paid workers' between 1971 and 1981.
In addition, there were some data quality problems with the 1981 data that led to the underestimation of the 'Unpaid family workers'. In 1986, an apparent dramatic increase from 1981 in this category of worker was due more to better reporting in 1986 than an actual increase in the number of unpaid family workers.

Census products
Census products often present the class of worker data in the following categories:
(a) paid workers: this includes wage and salary earners and self-employed persons in incorporated companies (the latter are included because they are considered employees of their own companies and thus, paid workers);
(b) self-employed in unincorporated companies (a breakdown of 'with paid help' and 'without paid help' can be provided);
(c) unpaid family workers.

Comparability between Census Data and the Labour Force Survey data
Some persons who are considered as paid workers in the census are considered as self-employed persons without a business in the Labour Force Survey. These are persons who work at jobs such as babysitting and cleaning for private households, or as newspaper carriers.

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Footnote 74

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 75

Refers to the experienced labour force: persons who, during the week prior to Census Day, were employed or unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2000.

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Footnote 76

Place of Work Status
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2000 and May 15, 2001 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2000. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2000, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Special Note: Comparability of 2001 Place of Work Data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2001 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g. three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work'. In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address'.

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2001 Census Dictionary, Catalogue Number 92-378-XIE or 92-378-XPE.

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Footnote 77

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This question is being asked for the first time in 2001. Instructions from the 2001 Census Guide were as follows:
Part (a)
For persons whose job requires mostly dealing with customers, clients or peers, report the language used most often.
For persons whose job requires mostly writing, report the language written most often.
For persons who are deaf, hard of hearing or who have a speech disability, report a sign language if it is used most often at work.
Report only languages used in performing a job or a major task.
Report two languages only if they are used equally often.
Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.
Part (b)
Report any other languages that this person may use on a regular basis in performing a job or a major task, though not as often as the main language reported in part (a).
Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

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Footnote 78

Language of Work
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

This question is being asked for the first time in 2001. Instructions from the 2001 Census Guide were as follows:
Part (a)
For persons whose job requires mostly dealing with customers, clients or peers, report the language used most often.
For persons whose job requires mostly writing, report the language written most often.
For persons who are deaf, hard of hearing or who have a speech disability, report a sign language if it is used most often at work.
Report only languages used in performing a job or a major task.
Report two languages only if they are used equally often.
Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.
Part (b)
Report any other languages that this person may use on a regular basis in performing a job or a major task, though not as often as the main language reported in part (a).
Do not report a language used only during coffee, lunch or other rest breaks.

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Footnote 79

Hours Spent Doing Unpaid Housework
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Number of hours that the person spent doing housework, maintaining the house or doing yard work without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent preparing meals, mowing the lawn, or cleaning the house, for oneself or for relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 6 to 12, 2001) are counted.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Since 1996, the census has asked a question on the amount of time spent on each of three unpaid work activities: unpaid housework, unpaid child care, and unpaid care to seniors. In answering this question, respondents were asked to report all time spent on each activity, even if two or more activities took place at the same time. For example, a respondent who spent one hour preparing a meal, while at the same time looking after his or her children, would report one hour in Question 33 (a) and one hour in Question 33 (b).

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Footnote 80

Hours Spent Looking After Children, Without Pay
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Number of hours that the person spent looking after children without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent taking care of one's own children or looking after the children of relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 6 to 12, 2001) are counted.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours or for other family members outside the household in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Since 1996, the census has asked a question on the amount of time spent on each of three unpaid work activities: unpaid housework, unpaid child care, and unpaid care to seniors. In answering this question, respondents were asked to report all time spent on each activity, even if two or more activities took place at the same time. For example, a respondent who spent one hour preparing a meal, while at the same time looking after his or her children, would report one hour in Question 33 (a) and one hour in Question 33 (b).

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Footnote 81

Hours Spent Providing Unpaid Care or Assistance to Seniors
Part A - Plain Language Definition
Number of hours that the person spent providing care or assistance to elderly people without getting paid for doing so. This includes time spent giving personal care to an elderly relative, helping elderly neighbours with their shopping, and so on. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 9 hours, 10 to 19 hours, and 20 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 6 to 12, 2001) are counted.
Part B - Detailed Definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 15, 2001).
Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Since 1996, the census has asked a question on the amount of time spent on each of three unpaid work activities: unpaid housework, unpaid child care, and unpaid care to seniors. In answering this question, respondents were asked to report all time spent on each activity, even if two or more activities took place at the same time. For example, a respondent who spent one hour taking an elderly parent to an appointment, while at the same time looking after his or her children, would report one hour in Question 33 (b) and one hour in Question 33 (c).

No formal definition of seniors was provided on the census questionnaire. The following definition appeared in the 2001 Census Guide: Seniors include all persons aged 65 years and over and some individuals close to age 65 who suffer from age-related infirmities.

In 1996, there were only four answer categories : None; Less than 5 hours; 5 to 9 hours; 10 hours or more.

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Footnote 82

In 2001, two new categories of hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors have been added. These categories did not exist in 1996.

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Footnote 83

In 2001, two new categories of hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors have been added. These categories did not exist in 1996.

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Footnote 84

Earner or Employment Income Recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2000.

Earnings or Employment Income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2000 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and Salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2000. The value of taxable allowances and benefits provided by employers, such as free lodging and free automobile use, is excluded.

Net Non-farm Income from Unincorporated Business and/or Professional Practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2000 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships (such as those selling and delivering cosmetics), as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net Farm Income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2000 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2000, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (e.g. milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind', such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Average Income of Individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2000. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

This concept and procedure applies to total income, employment income, wages and salaries, and any other component of income.

Median Income of Individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

This concept and procedure applies to total income, employment income, wages and salaries, and any other component of income.

Standard Error of Average Income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

This concept and procedure applies to total income, employment income, wages and salaries, and any other component of income.

Work Activity in 2000 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2000 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week).

The term full-year full-time workers refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49-52 weeks (mostly full time) in 2000 for pay or in self-employment.

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Includes persons who did not work in 2000 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 85

Worked 49-52 weeks in 2000, mostly full time.

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Footnote 86

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2000.

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Footnote 87

Total Income - Refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total);
- net farm income;
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice;
- Canada Child Tax benefits;
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance;
- other income from government sources;
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income;
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs;
- other money income.

Receipts Not Counted as Income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind', such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average Income of Individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2000. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (e.g. census families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

Median Income of Individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (e.g. census families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

Standard Error of Average Income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Composition of Income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Percentages are calculated on rounded data; therefore categories may not add up to total. In some cases, the total may not equal 100% due to independent rounding of the enumerator and denominator.

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Footnote 88

Total Income - Refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2000 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total);
- net farm income;
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice;
- Canada Child Tax benefits;
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement;
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance;
- other income from government sources;
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income;
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs;
- other money income.

Receipts Not Counted as Income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind', such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average Income of Individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2000. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (e.g. census families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

Median Income of Individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e. the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g. males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (e.g. census families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

Standard Error of Average Income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

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Footnote 89

Including loss.

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Footnote 90

For persons with income.

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Footnote 91

For persons with income.

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Footnote 92

For persons with income.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97F0007XCB2001043.

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To access the comma separated values (CSV) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example csview.

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Footnote b

To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.

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Footnote c

To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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Related data

2001 Census analysis series:
Profile of Languages in Canada: English, French and Many Others, 2001 Census