Tabulation: Ethnic Origin (101), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (327) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Ethnic origin (101): Total - Ethnic origins
• Age groups (10): Total - Age groups

This table details ethnic origin , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Kamloops
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 27.8 %

Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (327)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital status^Footnote 3	81,660	39,610	42,050
Married or living with a common-law partner	48,565	24,265	24,305
Married (and not separated)	39,820	19,915	19,905
Living common law	8,755	4,350	4,400
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	33,095	15,350	17,750
Single (never legally married)	21,075	11,210	9,855
Separated	2,335	1,075	1,265
Divorced	5,855	2,330	3,525
Widowed	3,825	730	3,095
Total - Census family status^Footnote 4	96,610	47,425	49,180
Married spouses	39,470	19,750	19,720
Common-law partners	8,755	4,355	4,400
Lone parents	4,465	985	3,480
Children in census families	25,605	13,480	12,120
Persons not in census families^Footnote 5	18,315	8,855	9,465
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 6	95,725	47,010	48,710
Non-movers	81,115	39,670	41,445
Movers	14,605	7,340	7,270
Non-migrants	9,650	4,925	4,725
Migrants	4,960	2,415	2,545
Internal migrants	4,480	2,185	2,290
Intraprovincial migrants	3,555	1,760	1,795
Interprovincial migrants	930	430	495
External migrants	485	230	255
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 7	91,760	44,960	46,790
Non-movers	51,600	25,120	26,480
Movers	40,155	19,845	20,315
Non-migrants	22,110	10,985	11,125
Migrants	18,045	8,855	9,185
Internal migrants	16,325	7,985	8,340
Intraprovincial migrants	11,755	5,690	6,060
Interprovincial migrants	4,565	2,290	2,275
External migrants	1,715	870	850
Total population by mother tongue^Footnote 8	96,605	47,430	49,185
English	87,305	42,985	44,320
French	1,130	515	615
Non-official language	7,645	3,680	3,965
English and French	55	40	0
English and non-official language	460	195	265
French and non-official language	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by language spoken most often at home^Footnote 9	96,610	47,425	49,180
English	92,790	45,565	47,225
French	150	80	70
Non-official language	2,880	1,400	1,480
English and French	20	0	0
English and non-official language	765	365	400
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by knowledge of official languages^Footnote 10	96,605	47,425	49,185
English only	91,210	45,065	46,145
French only	20	0	0
English and French	5,065	2,235	2,830
Neither English nor French	320	115	205
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at work^Footnote 11	57,380	28,725	28,660
English	56,945	28,545	28,400
French	115	45	70
Non-official language	130	65	65
Aboriginal	15	0	15
Non-Aboriginal	125	65	60
English and French	85	20	70
English and non-official language	110	55	50
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total population by citizenship^Footnote 12	96,605	47,430	49,185
Canadian citizens	93,830	46,085	47,745
Canadian citizens only	92,515	45,370	47,145
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,315	720	600
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 13	2,780	1,340	1,440
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 14	8,770	4,025	4,745
Under 5 years	1,015	415	600
5 to 14 years	1,860	925	935
15 to 24 years	2,385	1,060	1,325
25 to 44 years	3,050	1,440	1,610
45 years and over	460	185	270
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 15	96,605	47,430	49,180
Non-immigrants^Footnote 16	86,930	42,845	44,085
Born in province of residence	60,535	30,270	30,260
Born outside province of residence	26,395	12,580	13,820
Immigrants^Footnote 17	8,770	4,025	4,745
Americas	1,290	525	765
United States	930	410	515
Jamaica	50	30	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0
Mexico	65	0	60
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	40	20	20
Peru	0	0	0
Chile	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	155	40	110
Europe	4,810	2,300	2,505
United Kingdom^Footnote 18	2,050	925	1,125
Italy	635	335	300
Germany	610	330	280
Poland	180	110	70
Portugal	65	25	40
Netherlands	310	145	170
France	20	15	0
Romania	30	0	20
Russian Federation	25	0	0
Greece	100	50	45
Ukraine	65	30	35
Croatia	75	40	35
Hungary	80	45	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	0	15
Serbia	0	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	80	20	55
Other places of birth in Europe	445	195	250
Africa	325	165	155
Morocco	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	190	110	75
Nigeria	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Kenya	30	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	35	60
Asia	2,185	960	1,220
India	695	305	390
China^Footnote 19	320	165	155
Philippines	295	90	205
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	75	50	25
Viet Nam^Footnote 20	40	25	15
Pakistan	60	35	30
Sri Lanka	20	0	0
Iran^Footnote 21	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 22	195	75	120
Lebanon	90	0	60
Taiwan	50	25	25
Iraq	35	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Japan	50	15	35
Turkey	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	180	90	90
Oceania and other^Footnote 23	165	70	95
Fiji	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 24	155	70	85
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 25	910	550	355
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 26	96,605	47,425	49,180
First generation^Footnote 27	9,955	4,710	5,245
Second generation^Footnote 28	18,930	9,320	9,605
Third generation or more^Footnote 29	67,725	33,390	34,330
Total population by selected religions^Footnote 30	96,610	47,425	49,180
Buddhist	550	280	265
Christian	46,645	21,095	25,550
Anglican	5,565	2,410	3,155
Baptist	2,485	1,220	1,260
Catholic	14,905	7,005	7,895
Christian Orthodox	380	160	220
Lutheran	2,220	995	1,225
Pentecostal	1,685	730	950
Presbyterian	800	325	470
United Church	5,855	2,550	3,300
Other Christian	12,760	5,695	7,065
Hindu	320	180	135
Jewish	190	70	120
Muslim	650	385	270
Sikh	1,150	540	610
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality	435	245	190
Other religions	665	285	380
No religious affiliation	45,995	24,335	21,660
Total population in private households by visible minority	96,610	47,425	49,185
Total visible minority population^Footnote 31	6,100	2,970	3,130
South Asian^Footnote 32	2,110	1,045	1,065
Chinese	1,135	610	525
Black	275	105	165
Filipino	565	215	355
Latin American	135	60	80
Arab	410	260	145
Southeast Asian^Footnote 33	200	105	90
West Asian^Footnote 34	40	0	0
Korean	240	100	140
Japanese	840	390	450
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 35	40	0	25
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 36	105	45	60
Not a visible minority^Footnote 37	90,505	44,455	46,050
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	96,610	47,425	49,185
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 38	8,265	4,200	4,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 39	4,980	2,610	2,370
Métis single identity	2,920	1,385	1,535
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	60	35	25
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 40	100	55	45
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 41	205	115	90
Non-Aboriginal identity	88,345	43,230	45,115
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 42	53,420	25,530	27,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,680	3,065	2,615
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 43	15,240	7,395	7,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 44	32,495	15,070	17,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 45	7,810	5,560	2,245
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,715	3,860	6,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 46	3,595	1,335	2,260
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,375	4,315	6,060
Bachelor's degree	6,870	2,765	4,105
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 47	3,510	1,555	1,960
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 48	81,660	39,610	42,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 49	39,330	19,355	19,975
Education	3,495	975	2,520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	880	400	485
Humanities	1,545	690	855
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,340	1,065	2,275
Business, management and public administration	8,735	2,745	5,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,225	580	645
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	970	435	530
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,950	9,375	575
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725	1,260	465
Health and related fields^Footnote 50	7,645	1,130	6,515
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,820	1,605	1,215
Other fields of study^Footnote 51	0	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 52	81,660	39,610	42,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,330	19,355	19,975
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,335	20,255	22,075
Location of study inside Canada	38,675	18,395	20,275
Same as province or territory of residence	30,730	14,415	16,310
Another province or territory	7,950	3,980	3,965
Location of study outside Canada	3,655	1,855	1,800
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 53	81,660	39,610	42,050
In the labour force	53,060	26,995	26,065
Employed	48,570	24,530	24,040
Unemployed	4,490	2,465	2,030
Not in the labour force	28,600	12,615	15,985
Participation rate	65.0	68.2	62.0
Employment rate	59.5	61.9	57.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.1	7.8
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 54	53,065	26,995	26,065
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 55	1,065	560	500
All classes of worker^Footnote 56	52,000	26,435	25,565
Employee	46,545	23,100	23,440
Self-employed^Footnote 57	5,460	3,335	2,125
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 58	53,065	26,995	26,070
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 59	1,065	560	500
All occupations^Footnote 60	52,000	26,435	25,565
0 Management occupations	5,375	3,190	2,195
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,320	1,575	5,745
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,710	2,050	660
3 Health occupations	3,875	570	3,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,215	1,995	4,225
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	365	745
6 Sales and service occupations	12,780	5,150	7,635
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,335	8,920	420
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,910	1,550	360
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,365	1,080	285
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 61	53,065	26,995	26,065
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 62	1,065	560	505
All industries^Footnote 63	52,000	26,435	25,565
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,205	865	345
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,905	1,705	200
22 Utilities	225	170	50
23 Construction	4,110	3,535	570
31-33 Manufacturing	2,605	1,910	690
41 Wholesale trade	1,995	1,575	420
44-45 Retail trade	6,845	3,180	3,670
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,000	2,365	630
51 Information and cultural industries	750	485	265
52 Finance and insurance	1,315	420	895
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,035	540	495
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,890	1,265	1,625
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	55	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,795	900	895
61 Educational services	3,755	1,280	2,475
62 Health care and social assistance	6,800	830	5,970
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,545	745	800
72 Accommodation and food services	4,485	1,665	2,825
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,175	1,045	1,125
91 Public administration	3,495	1,900	1,590
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010^Footnote 64	26,170	14,700	11,470
Median employment income in 2010 $	50,209	58,429	42,236
Average employment income in 2010 $	56,574	65,044	45,721
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and over^Footnote 65	81,660	39,610	42,050
Without income	3,750	1,805	1,945
With income	77,915	37,805	40,105
Under $5,000^Footnote 66	7,510	3,355	4,160
$5,000 to $9,999	5,220	1,445	3,780
$10,000 to $14,999	7,380	2,540	4,840
$15,000 to $19,999	7,340	2,765	4,575
$20,000 to $29,999	10,480	4,400	6,080
$30,000 to $39,999	10,480	4,760	5,720
$40,000 to $49,999	7,700	3,920	3,780
$50,000 to $59,999	6,220	3,680	2,540
$60,000 to $79,999	7,530	4,785	2,745
$80,000 to $99,999	4,160	2,870	1,295
$100,000 and over	3,890	3,295	595
$100,000 to $124,999	2,095	1,790	310
$125,000 and over	1,790	1,505	285
Median income $^Footnote 67	30,812	39,049	23,990
Average income $^Footnote 68	39,107	48,404	30,344
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and over^Footnote 69	81,660	39,610	42,050
Without after-tax income	3,755	1,805	1,945
With after-tax income	77,915	37,805	40,105
Under $5,000^Footnote 70	7,660	3,400	4,255
$5,000 to $9,999	5,340	1,440	3,900
$10,000 to $14,999	7,515	2,605	4,915
$15,000 to $19,999	7,730	2,995	4,740
$20,000 to $29,999	12,605	5,435	7,170
$30,000 to $39,999	11,480	5,370	6,115
$40,000 to $49,999	8,625	4,725	3,900
$50,000 to $59,999	5,925	3,725	2,200
$60,000 to $79,999	7,005	4,785	2,225
$80,000 to $99,999	2,295	1,845	445
$100,000 and over	1,740	1,490	250
Median after-tax income $^Footnote 71	28,555	35,456	22,712
Average after-tax income $^Footnote 72	33,849	40,973	27,133
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %^Footnote 73	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income %^Footnote 74	87.1	89.9	82.8
Employment income %^Footnote 75	72.8	75.6	68.6
Wages and salaries %^Footnote 76	69.9	72.4	66.1
Self-employment income %^Footnote 77	2.9	3.2	2.5
Investment income %^Footnote 78	4.7	4.3	5.4
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %^Footnote 79	8.0	8.8	6.9
Other money income %^Footnote 80	1.5	1.3	1.9
Government transfer payments %^Footnote 81	12.9	10.1	17.2
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %^Footnote 82	4.4	3.9	5.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %^Footnote 83	3.5	2.7	4.7
Employment Insurance benefits %^Footnote 84	1.8	1.5	2.3
Child benefits %^Footnote 85	1.1	0.1	2.7
Other income from government sources %^Footnote 86	2.0	1.9	2.3
Income taxes paid as a % of total income^Footnote 87	13.5	15.4	10.6
After-tax income as a % of total income^Footnote 88	86.5	84.6	89.4
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total income^Footnote 89	1.3	1.4	1.1
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 90	96,610	47,430	49,180
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	93,685	46,030	47,650
Low-income population	12,230	5,530	6,700
Prevalence of low income %	13.1	12.0	14.1
Other population	81,450	40,495	40,960
Concept not applicable^Footnote 91	2,925	1,395	1,530

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the NHS.

Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 3

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 4

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

Footnote 5

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 8

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Footnote 11

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

Footnote 12

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 13

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 14

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 15

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 19

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 20

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 21

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 22

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 23

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 24

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 25

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 26

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 27

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 28

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 29

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 30

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

Footnote 31

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 32

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 33

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 34

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 35

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 37

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 38

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 40

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 41

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 52

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 53

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 54

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 55

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 56

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 57

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 58

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 59

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 60

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 61

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 62

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 63

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 64

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 65

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 66

Including loss.

Footnote 67

For population with income.

Footnote 68

For population with income.

Footnote 69

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 70

Including loss.

Footnote 71

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 72

For population with after-tax income.

Footnote 73

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 74

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Footnote 75

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

Footnote 76

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Footnote 77

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Footnote 78

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

Footnote 79

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

Footnote 80

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

Footnote 81

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

Footnote 82

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

Footnote 83

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

Footnote 84

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

Footnote 85

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

Footnote 86

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

Footnote 87

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

Footnote 88

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

Footnote 89

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

Footnote 90

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 91

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011036.