Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural, Education and Labour Characteristics (322), Sex (3) and Income Status in 2010 (6) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics , sex and income status in 2010 for the population in private households in Alma
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 1} = 18.9 %

Selected demographic, sociocultural, education and labour characteristics (322)	Income status in 2010 (6)
	Total - Income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measure^Footnote 2	Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure	Low-income population	Prevalence of low income %	Other population	Concept not applicable^Footnote 3
Total - Age groups^Footnote 4	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,620	0
Under 15 years	4,970	4,965	585	11.8	4,380	0
15 to 24 years	4,100	4,100	450	11.0	3,650	0
25 to 54 years	13,120	13,120	1,620	12.3	11,500	0
25 to 34 years	3,805	3,800	465	12.2	3,335	0
35 to 44 years	3,470	3,465	405	11.7	3,065	0
45 to 54 years	5,850	5,850	755	12.9	5,095	0
55 to 64 years	4,835	4,835	775	16.0	4,060	0
65 years and over	5,060	5,060	1,030	20.4	4,035	0
65 to 74 years	3,070	3,070	655	21.3	2,415	0
75 years and over	1,990	1,990	375	18.8	1,615	0
Population in private households by marital status^Footnote 5	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
Married or living with a common-law partner	16,625	16,625	1,205	7.2	15,425	0
Married (and not separated)	10,255	10,255	835	8.1	9,420	0
Living common law	6,375	6,375	370	5.8	6,005	0
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	15,455	15,460	3,260	21.1	12,200	0
Single (never legally married)	11,720	11,720	2,000	17.1	9,720	0
Separated	360	355	130	36.6	225	0
Divorced	2,085	2,085	640	30.7	1,440	0
Widowed	1,295	1,295	485	37.5	815	0
Persons in economic families by family structure and presence and age of children^Footnote 6	27,310	27,310	2,590	9.5	24,720	0
Couple family	23,555	23,555	1,485	6.3	22,070	0
Couple only	8,625	8,620	815	9.5	7,805	0
Couple with children	14,750	14,750	670	4.5	14,075	0
With children under 18 years	11,365	11,370	480	4.2	10,890	0
Without children under 6 years	6,415	6,410	270	4.2	6,140	0
With children under 6 years	4,960	4,960	210	4.2	4,745	0
Couple with other relatives only	180	185	0	0.0	185	0
Lone-parent family	3,435	3,435	1,030	30.0	2,410	0
Female-parent family	2,690	2,690	855	31.8	1,835	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	2,665	2,665	855	32.1	1,810	0
With children under 18 years	1,755	1,750	705	40.3	1,050	0
Without children under 6 years	1,340	1,340	430	32.1	910	0
With children under 6 years	415	415	280	67.5	135	0
Male-parent family	745	745	175	23.5	570	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	745	745	175	23.5	575	0
With children under 18 years	460	460	125	27.2	335	0
Without children under 6 years	285	285	45	15.8	235	0
With children under 6 years	180	180	80	44.4	105	0
Other economic family^Footnote 7	315	320	75	23.4	245	0
Persons not in economic families aged 15 years and over^Footnote 8	4,775	4,775	1,875	39.3	2,905	0
Less than 65 years	3,395	3,395	1,235	36.4	2,160	0
65 years and over	1,380	1,380	635	46.0	740	0
Total children in economic families^Footnote 9	8,960	8,960	950	10.6	8,010	0
Under 6 years	2,060	2,060	230	11.2	1,830	0
6 to 14 years	2,890	2,890	355	12.3	2,530	0
15 to 17 years	1,300	1,300	115	8.8	1,180	0
18 to 24 years	1,875	1,880	165	8.8	1,715	0
25 years and over	835	830	85	10.2	750	0
Total - Household living arrangements^Footnote 10	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
Total persons in households with at least one census family	27,200	27,200	2,565	9.4	24,640	0
Married spouses, common-law partners	16,570	16,570	1,175	7.1	15,400	0
Lone parents	1,395	1,395	410	29.4	985	0
Children in families with two parents present	6,830	6,830	310	4.5	6,525	0
Children in families with one parent present	2,075	2,070	635	30.7	1,440	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^Footnote 11	240	240	10	4.2	230	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	90	90	0	0.0	65	0
Total persons in non-census family households	4,885	4,885	1,900	38.9	2,985	0
Living with relatives^Footnote 12	200	200	55	27.5	150	0
Living with non-relatives only	530	525	115	21.9	415	0
Living alone	4,155	4,155	1,730	41.6	2,425	0
Total population in private households by citizenship^Footnote 13	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,625	0
Canadian citizens	32,020	32,015	4,440	13.9	27,575	0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,290	6,290	715	11.4	5,580	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,725	25,725	3,725	14.5	22,000	0
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	65	65	25	38.5	45	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigration^Footnote 15	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,620	0
Non-immigrants^Footnote 16	31,855	31,860	4,420	13.9	27,445	0
Immigrants^Footnote 17	210	210	40	19.0	170	0
Before 1971	30	30	0	0.0	20	0
1971 to 1980	15	15	0	0.0	15	0
1981 to 1990	25	25	0	0.0	20	0
1991 to 2000	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
2001 to 2011^Footnote 18	95	100	0	0.0	85	0
2001 to 2005	50	55	0	0.0	50	0
2006 to 2011^Footnote 19	45	45	0	0.0	35	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	20	20	10	50.0	0	0
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigration^Footnote 21	205	205	40	19.5	170	0
Under 5 years	50	50	0	0.0	45	0
5 to 14 years	25	30	0	0.0	30	0
15 to 24 years	35	35	0	0.0	25	0
25 to 44 years	85	90	15	16.7	70	0
45 years and over	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birth^Footnote 22	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,625	0
Non-immigrants^Footnote 23	31,860	31,860	4,415	13.9	27,445	0
Born in province of residence	31,575	31,575	4,345	13.8	27,225	0
Born outside province of residence	285	280	70	25.0	215	0
Immigrants^Footnote 24	205	210	40	19.0	170	0
Americas	50	55	0	0.0	45	0
United States	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chile	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Europe	85	85	0	0.0	70	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 25	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
France	30	30	0	0.0	25	0
Romania	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Serbia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ireland, Republic of	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	0	0.0	15	0
Africa	25	25	0	0.0	20	0
Morocco	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	0.0	0	0
Asia	40	40	0	0.0	30	0
India	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
China^Footnote 26	25	30	0	0.0	25	0
Philippines	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Viet Nam^Footnote 27	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iran^Footnote 28	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 29	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 30	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 31	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 32	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
Total population in private households by generation status^Footnote 33	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
First generation^Footnote 34	245	245	50	20.4	195	0
Second generation^Footnote 35	290	290	70	24.1	220	0
Third generation or more^Footnote 36	31,550	31,550	4,340	13.8	27,210	0
Total population in private households by visible minority^Footnote 37	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,625	0
Total visible minority population^Footnote 38	195	195	55	28.2	135	0
South Asian^Footnote 39	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Chinese	15	10	0	0.0	15	0
Black	90	90	30	33.3	55	0
Filipino	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Latin American	55	50	10	20.0	45	0
Arab	15	10	0	0.0	15	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 40	25	25	20	80.0	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 41	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 42	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 43	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 44	31,890	31,890	4,405	13.8	27,485	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal identity	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 45	870	875	180	20.6	700	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^Footnote 46	235	235	40	17.0	195	0
Métis single identity	605	605	135	22.3	470	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^Footnote 47	25	20	0	0.0	25	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^Footnote 48	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	31,210	31,210	4,280	13.7	26,930	0
Total population in private households by Registered or Treaty Indian status^Footnote 49	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 50	270	270	45	16.7	230	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,815	31,815	4,420	13.9	27,395	0
Total population in private households by Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 51	32,085	32,085	4,460	13.9	27,625	0
Aboriginal ancestry^Footnote 52	1,170	1,170	255	21.8	910	0
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^Footnote 53	725	720	155	21.5	565	0
Métis ancestry	435	435	90	20.7	345	0
Inuit ancestry	35	35	0	0.0	25	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^Footnote 54	30,915	30,920	4,205	13.6	26,710	0
Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 55	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
English	160	160	40	25.0	120	0
French	31,775	31,770	4,370	13.8	27,400	0
Non-official language	115	110	30	27.3	85	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	110	110	25	22.7	80	0
English and French	20	20	0	0.0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
French and non-official language	15	20	0	0.0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 56	32,085	32,085	4,465	13.9	27,625	0
English	145	145	55	37.9	90	0
French	31,935	31,935	4,405	13.8	27,525	0
English and French	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago^Footnote 57	31,855	31,855	4,435	13.9	27,420	0
Non-movers	28,995	28,995	3,715	12.8	25,280	0
Movers	2,860	2,855	725	25.4	2,140	0
Non-migrants	1,870	1,870	475	25.4	1,395	0
Migrants	990	990	245	24.7	740	0
Internal migrants	960	965	225	23.3	740	0
Intraprovincial migrants	925	930	220	23.7	705	0
Interprovincial migrants	35	35	0	0.0	30	0
External migrants	25	25	20	80.0	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago^Footnote 58	30,420	30,420	4,270	14.0	26,150	0
Non-movers	20,295	20,295	2,400	11.8	17,890	0
Movers	10,125	10,130	1,870	18.5	8,260	0
Non-migrants	6,885	6,885	1,375	20.0	5,510	0
Migrants	3,240	3,240	490	15.1	2,750	0
Internal migrants	3,190	3,190	470	14.7	2,725	0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,090	3,090	425	13.8	2,660	0
Interprovincial migrants	105	105	40	38.1	65	0
External migrants	45	50	20	40.0	25	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 59	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,005	6,010	1,440	24.0	4,565	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 60	5,705	5,710	855	15.0	4,855	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 61	15,400	15,405	1,580	10.3	13,820	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 62	6,445	6,450	880	13.6	5,565	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,940	4,945	360	7.3	4,580	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 63	1,000	1,000	135	13.5	865	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,015	3,015	210	7.0	2,805	0
Bachelor's degree	2,370	2,370	175	7.4	2,195	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 64	645	645	40	6.2	610	0
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 65	17,960	17,960	2,395	13.3	15,560	0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,675	2,680	715	26.7	1,960	0
High school diploma or equivalent^Footnote 66	3,250	3,250	465	14.3	2,790	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 67	12,030	12,030	1,220	10.1	10,810	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^Footnote 68	5,165	5,165	690	13.4	4,475	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,740	3,740	270	7.2	3,475	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^Footnote 69	680	685	80	11.7	600	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,440	2,440	180	7.4	2,260	0
Bachelor's degree	1,905	1,905	145	7.6	1,755	0
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^Footnote 70	540	540	35	6.5	505	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^Footnote 71	27,115	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 72	11,715	11,715	2,295	19.6	9,420	0
Education	1,550	1,550	110	7.1	1,440	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	315	315	40	12.7	280	0
Humanities	610	610	80	13.1	535	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	735	730	60	8.2	675	0
Business, management and public administration	2,940	2,940	275	9.4	2,665	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	435	40	9.2	395	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	310	310	30	9.7	275	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,405	4,405	430	9.8	3,975	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	705	705	95	13.5	615	0
Health and related fields^Footnote 73	1,920	1,920	200	10.4	1,720	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,460	1,460	230	15.8	1,230	0
Other fields of study^Footnote 74	0	0	0	not applicable ...	0	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residence^Footnote 75	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,240	0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,720	11,715	2,295	19.6	9,420	0
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,405	15,405	1,580	10.3	13,820	0
Location of study inside Canada	15,320	15,320	1,570	10.2	13,745	0
Same as province or territory of residence	15,175	15,180	1,545	10.2	13,635	0
Another province or territory	140	140	25	17.9	115	0
Location of study outside Canada	85	90	0	0.0	75	0
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force status^Footnote 76	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
In the labour force	16,400	16,400	1,480	9.0	14,920	0
Employed	15,025	15,030	1,155	7.7	13,875	0
Unemployed	1,370	1,375	325	23.6	1,045	0
Not in the labour force	10,720	10,720	2,395	22.3	8,325	0
Participation rate	60.5	60.5	38.2	not applicable ...	64.2	0.0
Employment rate	55.4	55.4	29.8	not applicable ...	59.7	0.0
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.4	22.0	not applicable ...	7.0	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by class of worker^Footnote 77	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 78	9,560	9,560	2,305	24.1	7,255	0
All classes of worker^Footnote 79	17,560	17,560	1,565	8.9	15,995	0
Employee	16,570	16,575	1,350	8.1	15,220	0
Self-employed^Footnote 80	990	985	215	21.8	770	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^Footnote 81	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,240	0
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 82	9,560	9,555	2,310	24.2	7,250	0
All occupations^Footnote 83	17,560	17,560	1,565	8.9	15,995	0
0 Management occupations	1,235	1,235	90	7.3	1,140	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,235	2,235	140	6.3	2,095	0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	985	985	50	5.1	940	0
3 Health occupations	1,250	1,250	95	7.6	1,155	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,925	1,925	105	5.5	1,820	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	285	290	30	10.3	260	0
6 Sales and service occupations	4,540	4,545	575	12.7	3,970	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,440	3,440	305	8.9	3,130	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	365	75	20.5	295	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,290	1,295	100	7.7	1,195	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^Footnote 84	27,115	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 85	9,560	9,555	2,305	24.1	7,250	0
All industries^Footnote 86	17,565	17,560	1,565	8.9	15,990	0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	565	565	80	14.2	490	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	220	220	0	0.0	205	0
22 Utilities	300	305	15	4.9	290	0
23 Construction	1,685	1,685	110	6.5	1,570	0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,390	2,390	140	5.9	2,250	0
41 Wholesale trade	305	305	40	13.1	265	0
44-45 Retail trade	2,640	2,645	240	9.1	2,395	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	420	420	55	13.1	365	0
51 Information and cultural industries	125	125	0	0.0	120	0
52 Finance and insurance	425	425	25	5.9	400	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	205	210	0	0.0	195	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	640	640	35	5.5	605	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	0	0.0	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	505	505	100	19.8	400	0
61 Educational services	1,465	1,465	50	3.4	1,415	0
62 Health care and social assistance	2,425	2,420	245	10.1	2,180	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	130	130	15	11.5	110	0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,320	1,320	195	14.8	1,130	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	840	840	125	14.9	715	0
91 Public administration	940	945	65	6.9	880	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity in 2010^Footnote 87	27,120	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,240	0
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 88	10,155	10,160	2,485	24.5	7,670	0
Worked in 2010	16,960	16,960	1,385	8.2	15,570	0
1 to 13 weeks	1,265	1,265	205	16.2	1,060	0
14 to 26 weeks	1,875	1,875	275	14.7	1,595	0
27 to 39 weeks	1,555	1,550	150	9.7	1,400	0
40 to 48 weeks	2,935	2,940	120	4.1	2,815	0
49 to 52 weeks	9,335	9,335	640	6.9	8,695	0
Average weeks worked in 2010	41.9	41.9	35.9	not applicable ...	42.5	0.0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by full-time or part-time weeks worked in 2010^Footnote 89	27,115	27,120	3,875	14.3	23,245	0
Did not work in 2010^Footnote 90	10,160	10,155	2,485	24.5	7,670	0
Worked in 2010	16,960	16,960	1,390	8.2	15,570	0
Worked full-time in 2010	13,010	13,010	905	7.0	12,105	0
Worked part-time in 2010	3,950	3,955	485	12.3	3,470	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

Footnote 2

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

Footnote 3

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

Footnote 4

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 5

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Footnote 6

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 7

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

Footnote 8

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 9

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship. A couple may be of opposite or same sex.

Persons in the economic family other than the economic family reference person are classified as the married spouse or the common-law partner of the reference person, children of the reference person (including grandchildren), or other economic family members (including foster children). Children of the reference person may be of any age or marital status.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

Footnote 15

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 16

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 17

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 18

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 20

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

Footnote 22

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

Footnote 23

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Footnote 24

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Footnote 25

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 26

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

Footnote 27

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

Footnote 28

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 29

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 30

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 31

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 32

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Footnote 33

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

Footnote 34

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 35

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 36

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 37

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Footnote 38

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 39

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

Footnote 40

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

Footnote 41

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

Footnote 42

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 43

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 44

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 45

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 46

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 47

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 50

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian. 'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 51

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

Footnote 52

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'

Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Footnote 53

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey (NHS), 2011.

Footnote 54

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

Footnote 55

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

Footnote 56

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

Footnote 57

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 58

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 59

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 60

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 61

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 62

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 63

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 64

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 65

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 66

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 67

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 68

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

Footnote 69

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

Footnote 70

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

Footnote 71

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 72

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 73

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

Footnote 74

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 75

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.

For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

Footnote 76

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 77

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 78

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 79

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 80

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

Footnote 81

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

Footnote 82

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 83

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 84

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

Footnote 85

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

Footnote 86

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

Footnote 87

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 88

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Footnote 89

Refers to persons who worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010. These persons were asked to report whether the weeks they worked in 2010 were full-time weeks (30 hours or more per week) or not, on the basis of all jobs held. Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks.

Footnote 90

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2010 only, or persons who worked in 2011 only.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011043.