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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Visible Minority (15), Age Groups (10), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (315) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

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This table details visible minority , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Newfoundland and Labrador / Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 1 = 31.4 %
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (315) Sex (3)
Total - Sex Male Female
Total population aged 15 years and over in private households by marital statusFootnote 2 431,045 208,505 222,545
Married or living with a common-law partner 272,715 136,110 136,600
Married (and not separated) 231,375 115,505 115,865
Living common law 41,340 20,605 20,735
Not married and not living with a common-law partner 158,335 72,390 85,945
Single (never legally married) 104,900 56,055 48,845
Separated 8,455 3,185 5,270
Divorced 19,620 8,175 11,440
Widowed 25,365 4,970 20,390
Total - Census family statusFootnote 3 507,270 247,960 259,310
Married spouses 229,460 114,665 114,795
Common-law partners 41,340 20,605 20,730
Lone parents 24,115 4,525 19,595
Children in census families 140,490 76,980 63,505
Persons not in census familiesFootnote 4 71,860 31,175 40,680
Total - Mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 5 502,435 245,540 256,895
Non-movers 454,225 222,230 232,000
Movers 48,210 23,310 24,900
Non-migrants 24,895 11,850 13,045
Migrants 23,315 11,460 11,850
Internal migrants 22,210 10,835 11,385
Intraprovincial migrants 15,235 7,275 7,965
Interprovincial migrants 6,975 3,560 3,420
External migrants 1,100 630 470
Total - Mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 6 482,910 235,120 247,785
Non-movers 342,965 167,790 175,175
Movers 139,945 67,335 72,610
Non-migrants 65,440 30,830 34,610
Migrants 74,505 36,505 38,000
Internal migrants 70,605 34,355 36,250
Intraprovincial migrants 41,850 19,725 22,120
Interprovincial migrants 28,755 14,625 14,130
External migrants 3,895 2,150 1,750
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 7 507,270 247,960 259,315
English 497,055 242,580 254,480
French 1,775 950 815
Non-official language 7,770 4,090 3,675
English and French 185 95 90
English and non-official language 450 220 230
French and non-official language 35 25 15
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 8 507,270 247,960 259,310
English 501,200 244,850 256,345
French 615 310 305
Non-official language 4,585 2,370 2,215
English and French 160 45 110
English and non-official language 665 340 325
French and non-official language 25 15 0
English, French and non-official language 25 25 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 9 507,270 247,955 259,310
English only 483,700 238,415 245,280
French only 90 40 50
English and French 22,880 9,270 13,610
Neither English nor French 605 230 375
Total population aged 15 years and over by language used most often at workFootnote 10 282,030 146,110 135,920
English 279,670 145,050 134,625
French 925 320 605
Non-official language 900 465 435
Aboriginal 685 315 365
Non-Aboriginal 215 145 65
English and French 325 120 205
English and non-official language 195 155 45
French and non-official language 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0
Total population by citizenshipFootnote 11 507,270 247,955 259,310
Canadian citizens 502,750 245,450 257,295
Canadian citizens only 500,755 244,420 256,335
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 1,995 1,030 965
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 12 4,520 2,505 2,015
Total population in private households by immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 13 507,270 247,960 259,315
Non-immigrantsFootnote 14 496,405 242,170 254,230
ImmigrantsFootnote 15 9,160 4,715 4,445
Before 1971 2,185 1,140 1,050
1971 to 1980 1,520 730 785
1981 to 1990 1,095 635 460
1991 to 2000 1,300 630 670
2001 to 2011Footnote 16 3,060 1,575 1,485
2001 to 2005 840 435 410
2006 to 2011Footnote 17 2,220 1,140 1,080
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 18 1,705 1,065 640
Total immigrant population in private households by age at immigrationFootnote 19 9,165 4,715 4,445
Under 5 years 1,610 665 950
5 to 14 years 1,675 910 765
15 to 24 years 1,470 810 660
25 to 44 years 3,825 2,040 1,790
45 years and over 575 295 280
Total population in private households by immigrant status and selected places of birthFootnote 20 507,270 247,960 259,310
Non-immigrantsFootnote 21 496,400 242,170 254,230
Born in province of residence 460,660 224,425 236,235
Born outside province of residence 35,740 17,745 17,995
ImmigrantsFootnote 22 9,165 4,720 4,445
Americas 1,935 920 1,010
United States 1,575 710 870
Jamaica 15 0 0
Guyana 40 0 35
Haiti 0 0 0
Mexico 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 20 0 0
Colombia 55 20 30
El Salvador 0 0 0
Peru 0 0 0
Chile 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 170 120 50
Europe 3,845 2,030 1,810
United KingdomFootnote 23 2,495 1,335 1,160
Italy 25 0 0
Germany 315 150 165
Poland 65 35 30
Portugal 80 50 30
Netherlands 70 25 50
France 75 45 30
Romania 55 20 35
Russian Federation 85 40 40
Greece 25 20 0
Ukraine 0 0 0
Croatia 15 0 0
Hungary 35 0 30
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0
Serbia 0 0 0
Ireland, Republic of 180 85 100
Other places of birth in Europe 315 190 120
Africa 755 410 345
Morocco 0 0 0
Algeria 15 15 0
Egypt 70 30 45
South Africa, Republic of 160 70 90
Nigeria 110 80 30
Ethiopia 0 0 0
Kenya 25 25 0
Other places of birth in Africa 325 175 150
Asia 2,510 1,290 1,220
India 375 185 195
ChinaFootnote 24 515 260 255
Philippines 150 45 110
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 90 35 55
Viet NamFootnote 25 45 30 0
Pakistan 205 120 85
Sri Lanka 105 45 60
IranFootnote 26 135 55 75
Korea, SouthFootnote 27 45 0 30
Lebanon 0 0 0
Taiwan 115 45 70
Iraq 90 60 40
Bangladesh 120 80 35
Afghanistan 0 0 0
Japan 35 25 0
Turkey 30 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 435 255 185
Oceania and otherFootnote 28 115 65 55
Fiji 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 29 115 60 55
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 30 1,705 1,065 640
Total population in private households by generation statusFootnote 31 507,265 247,960 259,310
First generationFootnote 32 11,455 6,120 5,335
Second generationFootnote 33 11,525 5,875 5,650
Third generation or moreFootnote 34 484,290 235,965 248,325
Total population by selected religionsFootnote 35 507,270 247,960 259,310
Buddhist 400 230 170
Christian 472,720 228,825 243,895
Anglican 127,250 61,330 65,925
Baptist 1,230 630 600
Catholic 181,590 87,305 94,285
Christian Orthodox 260 155 105
Lutheran 425 245 185
Pentecostal 33,195 15,945 17,245
Presbyterian 1,755 800 950
United Church 78,380 38,335 40,050
Other Christian 48,630 24,080 24,550
Hindu 640 325 315
Jewish 175 95 80
Muslim 1,200 710 490
Sikh 100 70 35
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 25 20 10
Other religions 685 335 350
No religious affiliation 31,325 17,355 13,970
Total population aged 25 to 64 years by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 36 295,240 141,755 153,490
No certificate, diploma or degree 60,005 30,245 29,760
High school diploma or equivalentFootnote 37 61,845 27,765 34,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 38 173,390 83,745 89,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diplomaFootnote 39 44,720 28,855 15,865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 70,710 29,865 40,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 40 9,405 4,025 5,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 48,555 21,000 27,555
Bachelor's degree 31,570 13,220 18,350
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor levelFootnote 41 16,985 7,780 9,205
Total population aged 15 years and over by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011Footnote 42 431,050 208,505 222,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 43 220,860 104,980 115,880
Education 20,265 6,745 13,520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 3,655 1,630 2,025
Humanities 6,930 2,960 3,975
Social and behavioural sciences and law 11,420 3,555 7,865
Business, management and public administration 45,680 10,355 35,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies 5,030 2,660 2,370
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 8,590 4,045 4,545
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 53,555 49,975 3,580
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,525 2,475 1,045
Health and related fieldsFootnote 44 30,730 5,220 25,510
Personal, protective and transportation services 20,810 13,895 6,910
Other fields of studyFootnote 45 0 0 0
Total population aged 15 years and over by location of study compared with province or territory of residenceFootnote 46 431,050 208,505 222,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 220,860 104,980 115,880
With postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 210,190 103,520 106,670
Location of study inside Canada 204,690 100,350 104,340
Same as province or territory of residence 179,430 87,555 91,875
Another province or territory 25,255 12,795 12,460
Location of study outside Canada 5,505 3,175 2,325
Total population aged 15 years and over by labour force statusFootnote 47 431,045 208,505 222,545
In the labour force 255,895 133,200 122,690
Employed 218,630 111,175 107,455
Unemployed 37,265 22,030 15,235
Not in the labour force 175,155 75,300 99,855
Participation rate 59.4 63.9 55.1
Employment rate 50.7 53.3 48.3
Unemployment rate 14.6 16.5 12.4
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 48 255,890 133,200 122,690
Class of worker - not applicableFootnote 49 5,110 2,580 2,525
All classes of workerFootnote 50 250,785 130,620 120,165
Employee 237,380 121,975 115,410
Self-employedFootnote 51 13,400 8,645 4,755
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011Footnote 52 255,890 133,200 122,690
Occupation - not applicableFootnote 53 5,105 2,580 2,525
All occupationsFootnote 54 250,785 130,620 120,165
0 Management occupations 20,445 11,735 8,710
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 33,225 8,285 24,945
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 16,540 13,450 3,090
3 Health occupations 18,140 3,225 14,920
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 32,915 10,015 22,900
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 4,200 1,990 2,210
6 Sales and service occupations 55,765 20,685 35,075
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 45,975 43,835 2,140
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 12,135 10,205 1,930
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 11,440 7,190 4,250
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007Footnote 55 255,890 133,200 122,690
Industry - not applicableFootnote 56 5,110 2,580 2,525
All industriesFootnote 57 250,785 130,620 120,165
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 9,695 7,330 2,370
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 8,515 7,300 1,215
22 Utilities 2,455 1,910 540
23 Construction 22,055 19,995 2,055
31-33 Manufacturing 17,515 11,955 5,555
41 Wholesale trade 6,245 4,770 1,480
44-45 Retail trade 32,000 13,605 18,395
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 12,165 9,385 2,785
51 Information and cultural industries 4,095 2,115 1,980
52 Finance and insurance 5,280 1,555 3,720
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,860 1,650 1,210
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 9,785 5,765 4,020
55 Management of companies and enterprises 200 125 80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 8,655 5,100 3,555
61 Educational services 18,095 6,995 11,105
62 Health care and social assistance 35,305 6,045 29,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 3,250 1,815 1,430
72 Accommodation and food services 15,640 4,990 10,650
81 Other services (except public administration) 11,775 4,790 6,980
91 Public administration 25,200 13,410 11,790
Population aged 15 years and over who worked full year, full time and with employment income in 2010Footnote 58 127,460 65,925 61,535
Median employment income in 2010 $ 45,823 52,352 39,600
Average employment income in 2010 $ 54,733 63,502 45,338
Total income in 2010 of population aged 15 years and overFootnote 59 431,050 208,500 222,545
Without income 20,505 8,395 12,110
With income 410,545 200,110 210,435
Under $5,000Footnote 60 32,445 13,850 18,590
$5,000 to $9,999 34,480 11,755 22,725
$10,000 to $14,999 44,405 15,630 28,775
$15,000 to $19,999 54,025 21,215 32,810
$20,000 to $29,999 69,050 31,410 37,635
$30,000 to $39,999 52,045 28,270 23,775
$40,000 to $49,999 35,095 20,025 15,060
$50,000 to $59,999 24,040 14,615 9,430
$60,000 to $79,999 30,905 18,255 12,650
$80,000 to $99,999 17,075 11,035 6,035
$100,000 and over 16,990 14,045 2,945
$100,000 to $124,999 8,570 6,820 1,750
$125,000 and over 8,425 7,220 1,200
Median income $Footnote 61 25,279 32,136 20,503
Average income $Footnote 62 35,089 42,479 28,062
After-tax income in 2010 of population 15 years and overFootnote 63 431,050 208,505 222,545
Without after-tax income 20,650 8,400 12,250
With after-tax income 410,395 200,105 210,290
Under $5,000Footnote 64 33,025 13,950 19,075
$5,000 to $9,999 35,170 11,840 23,335
$10,000 to $14,999 46,140 16,345 29,795
$15,000 to $19,999 59,945 23,870 36,075
$20,000 to $29,999 79,430 38,350 41,085
$30,000 to $39,999 57,085 31,500 25,590
$40,000 to $49,999 35,615 21,805 13,805
$50,000 to $59,999 22,840 13,295 9,545
$60,000 to $79,999 26,075 16,705 9,370
$80,000 to $99,999 8,215 6,670 1,545
$100,000 and over 6,850 5,775 1,075
Median after-tax income $Footnote 65 23,368 28,951 19,457
Average after-tax income $Footnote 66 29,746 35,247 24,512
Composition of total income in 2010 of population 15 years and over %Footnote 67 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income %Footnote 68 80.7 83.8 76.2
Employment income %Footnote 69 71.2 73.9 67.2
Wages and salaries %Footnote 70 68.3 70.4 65.2
Self-employment income %Footnote 71 2.9 3.5 2.0
Investment income %Footnote 72 1.5 1.4 1.6
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities %Footnote 73 6.7 7.3 5.9
Other money income %Footnote 74 1.3 1.2 1.5
Government transfer payments %Footnote 75 19.3 16.2 23.8
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits %Footnote 76 4.3 4.1 4.6
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement %Footnote 77 4.5 3.2 6.3
Employment Insurance benefits %Footnote 78 6.1 6.2 5.8
Child benefits %Footnote 79 1.4 0.1 3.3
Other income from government sources %Footnote 80 3.0 2.6 3.7
Income taxes paid as a % of total incomeFootnote 81 15.3 17.0 12.7
After-tax income as a % of total incomeFootnote 82 84.7 83.0 87.3
Net capital gains or losses as a % of total incomeFootnote 83 0.6 0.6 0.6
Total population by income status in 2010 based on after-tax low-income measureFootnote 84 507,270 247,960 259,310
Population for the income status based on after-tax low-income measure 504,105 246,375 257,735
Low-income population 90,240 39,545 50,700
Prevalence of low income % 17.9 16.1 19.7
Other population 413,865 206,835 207,035
Concept not applicableFootnote 85 3,160 1,580 1,580

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 2

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 3

Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a married spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.

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Footnote 4

Persons not in census families may live with relatives (without forming a census family with them), they may live with non-relatives only or they may live alone.

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Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2011, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 7

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 10

Population by language used most often at work.

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2011 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2010.

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Footnote 11

Citizenship refers to the legal citizenship status of a person. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship.

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Footnote 12

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 13

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status. A landed immigrant/permanent resident refers to a person who has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 14

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 15

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 16

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 17

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 18

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 19

Age at immigration refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant/permanent resident status. Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live permanently in Canada by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 20

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

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Footnote 21

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 22

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 23

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 24

China excludes Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region.

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Footnote 25

The official name of Viet Nam is Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

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Footnote 26

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 27

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 28

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 29

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 30

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit, or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 31

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 32

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 33

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 34

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 35

Religion refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, sect, cult or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response.

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Footnote 36

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 37

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 38

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 39

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 40

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level' category with caution.

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Footnote 41

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 42

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.



For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.



For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed a registered apprenticeship certificate (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) or other trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma, or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 45

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 46

'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence' indicates whether the 'Location of study' is the same as the province or territory of residence in 2011, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. 'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country of the institution where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.



Users should be aware that some respondents may have reported the physical location of study rather than the location of the certificate, diploma or degree-granting institution. This could affect the responses of those who obtained a certificate, diploma or degree through a joint program or by distance learning with credentials granted in another province or country. In particular, a number of persons reported a location of study for a university credential in one of the territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), even though there were no educational institutions in the territories with the authority to grant university degrees.



For any other comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable or 'Location of study,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

Refers to whether a person was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011.

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In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 48

Refers to whether an employed person is an employee or is self-employed. The self-employed include persons with or without a business, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 49

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 50

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 51

Includes self-employed with an incorporated business and self-employed with an unincorporated business. Also included among the self-employed are unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 52

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 56

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 57

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 58

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.


Net non-farm income from unincorporated business or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) with income in that group.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings.

Work activity in 2010 - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2010 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 59

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 60

Including loss.

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Footnote 61

For population with income.

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Footnote 62

For population with income.

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Footnote 63

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54 years) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least aged 15 years and who have an income (positive or negative).

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 64

Including loss.

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Footnote 65

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 66

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 67

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Total income - Total of income from all sources, including employment income, income from government programs, pension income, investment income and any other money income.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 68

Market income - Refers to the sum of employment income (wages and salaries, net farm income and net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities (including those from RRSPs and RRIFs) and other money income. It is equivalent to total income before tax minus all government transfers and is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

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Footnote 69

Earnings or employment income - Total wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

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Footnote 70

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

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Footnote 71

Self-employment net income - Refers to the total amount received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as net farm income from self-employment, or net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 72

Investment income - Refers to interest received during calendar year 2010 from deposits in banks, trust companies, cooperatives, credit unions, caisses populaires, etc., as well as interest on savings certificates, bonds and debentures, and all dividends from both Canadian and foreign corporate stocks and mutual funds. Also included is other investment income from either Canadian or foreign sources, such as net rents from real estate, mortgage and loan interest received, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. Does not include capital gains or losses.

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Footnote 73

Retirement pensions - Refers to all regular income received by the respondent during calendar year 2010 as the result of having been a member of a pension plan of one or more employers. It includes payments received from all annuities, including payments from a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), a matured Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) in the form of a life annuity, a fixed-term annuity, or an income-averaging annuity contract; pensions paid to widow(er)s or other relatives of deceased pensioners; pensions of retired civil servants, Armed Forces personnel and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers; annuity payments received from the Canadian Government Annuities Fund, an insurance company, etc. Does not include lump-sum death benefits, lump-sum benefits or withdrawals from a pension plan or RRSP, or refunds of over-contributions.

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Footnote 74

Other money income - Refers to regular cash income received during calendar year 2010 and not reported in any of the other sources listed on the questionnaire. For example, severance pay and retirement allowances, alimony, child support, periodic support from other persons not in the household, income from abroad (excluding dividends and interest), non refundable scholarships, bursaries, fellowships and study grants, and artists' project grants are included.

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Footnote 75

Government transfer payments - Refers to all cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during 2010. This variable is derived by summing the amounts reported in:

- the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance and Allowance for the Survivor
- benefits from Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- child benefits
- other income from government sources.

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Footnote 76

Benefits from Canada or Quebec pension plan - Refers to benefits received during calendar year 2010 from the Canada or Quebec Pension Plan (For example, retirement pensions, survivors' benefits and disability pensions). Does not include lump-sum death benefits.

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Footnote 77

Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement - Refers to Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements paid to persons aged 65 years and over, and to the Allowance or Allowance for the survivor paid to 60- to 64-year-old spouses of old age security recipients or widow(er)s by the federal government during the calendar year 2010.

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Footnote 78

Benefits from employment insurance - Refers to total Employment Insurance benefits received during calendar year 2010, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, work sharing, retraining and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal Employment Insurance Program or the Quebec Parental Insurance Program.

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Footnote 79

Child benefits - Refers to payments received under the Canada Child Tax Benefit program during calendar year 2010 by parents with dependent children under 18 years of age. Included with the Canada Child Tax Benefit is the National Child Benefit Supplement (NCBS) for low-income families with children. The NCBS is the federal contribution to the National Child Benefit (NCB), a joint initiative of federal, provincial and territorial governments. Also included in this variable are child benefits, child disability benefits and earned income supplements provided by certain provinces and territories and the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB).

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Footnote 80

Other income from government sources - Refers to all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan benefits, Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplements, Employment Insurance benefits and child benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal programs during 2010.

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Footnote 81

Income tax paid - Refers to all federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid on 2010 income. Federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid refer to taxes on income, after taking into account exemptions, deductions, non-refundable tax credits and the Quebec abatement. These taxes are obtained from the income tax files for persons who allowed access to their income tax data and from direct responses on the questionnaire for others.

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Footnote 82

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2010.

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Footnote 83

Net capital gains or losses -
Refers to the net gains received or losses incurred during calendar year 2010 from the sale of capital property. This represents the proceeds of disposition minus the adjusted cost base of the property and outlays and expenses incurred to sell the property. Capital property includes depreciable property and any property which, if sold, would result in a capital gain or loss (for example, cottages, buildings and securities such as mutual funds).

Non-taxable capital gains or losses on the sale of a principal residence are excluded.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the definition of Total income as published in standard products.

Net capital gains or losses are not included in the concept of total income but are expressed here as a percentage to obtain a relative measure of size.

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Footnote 84

Low income can be measured in several different ways in household surveys. For the standard products of the National Household Survey, the line chosen is a relative measure: the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT).

For this measure, the income used is after-tax income of households. There are no regional variations to account for prices or cost of living differences: all applicable households in Canada face the same line adjusted for household size. This line is set at half the median of adjusted household after-tax income. To account for potential economies of scale, the income of households with more than one member is divided by the square root of the size of the household.

All household members are considered to share the household income and are attributed the same income status.

Note: Low-income estimates in the 2011 National Household Survey

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS), low-income statistics are presented based on the after-tax low-income measure (LIM-AT). This measure is not related to the low-income cut-offs (LICO) presented in the 2006 Census and prevalence rates are conceptually not comparable. Because of the sensitivity of certain income indicators to differences in methodology and response patterns, direct comparisons to establish trends with low-income estimates from other household surveys, administrative programs or the 2006 Census are discouraged. The prevalence rates observed in the NHS at the national level are generally 1 to 2 percentage points higher than seen for similar concepts in other programs. However, analysis of the NHS data suggests that it is valid to compare low-income data for different sub-populations within the NHS (i.e., for different geographic areas or demographic groups). For more information, refer to the Income Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011006.

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Footnote 85

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting or fishing) could have made the interpretation of low-income rates more difficult.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011038.

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