2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Newfoundland and Labrador / Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 2 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 3 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 422,385 413,515 7,795 5,385 650 675 1,080 1,075
Never legally married (single) 130,965 129,140 1,320 635 230 140 320 510
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 231,050 225,500 5,035 3,495 360 490 685 515
Separated, but still legally married 9,505 9,280 215 160 10 15 30 0
Divorced 23,865 23,255 570 490 40 20 25 40
Widowed 27,000 26,340 660 605 15 10 30 0
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 7 499,065 489,435 8,315 5,350 690 850 1,425 1,305
Number of family persons 437,955 430,025 7,025 4,335 610 785 1,290 900
Husbands or wives 229,270 223,865 4,935 3,435 355 475 665 475
Common-law partners 33,870 33,380 425 335 25 10 45 60
Lone parents 24,165 23,670 475 360 20 25 60 20
Children in census families 150,655 149,110 1,195 195 210 275 515 345
Number of persons not in census families 61,110 59,410 1,290 1,015 80 65 130 405
Living with relatives 10,155 9,980 140 110 15 15 0 40
Living with non-relatives only 11,130 10,655 215 115 15 25 65 250
Living alone 39,825 38,780 935 785 50 25 60 115
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 8 496,200 486,485 8,375 5,390 695 860 1,440 1,335
Non-movers 443,345 435,490 7,165 4,945 570 680 970 690
Movers 52,850 51,000 1,215 440 125 175 470 645
Non-migrants 27,640 26,910 540 180 55 135 170 195
Migrants 25,215 24,090 670 260 70 40 300 455
Internal migrants 23,985 23,480 440 235 70 35 105 70
Intraprovincial migrants 14,530 14,355 160 90 50 0 25 15
Interprovincial migrants 9,455 9,115 280 150 25 30 80 60
External migrants 1,225 615 235 30 0 10 200 380
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 9 477,800 468,300 8,250 5,385 695 860 1,310 1,250
Non-movers 344,705 339,760 4,820 3,955 375 285 215 120
Movers 133,095 128,535 3,430 1,435 315 575 1,100 1,125
Non-migrants 66,365 65,200 1,085 570 125 280 115 80
Migrants 66,725 63,340 2,345 870 195 295 985 1,045
Internal migrants 63,585 62,230 1,285 770 120 255 140 75
Intraprovincial migrants 37,805 37,405 375 255 25 60 35 25
Interprovincial migrants 25,780 24,825 915 510 100 200 105 45
External migrants 3,140 1,115 1,060 100 70 45 850 975
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 10 500,610 490,855 8,380 5,385 690 860 1,445 1,370
English 488,405 483,175 4,600 3,550 265 325 455 630
French 1,890 1,730 160 130 10 10 10 0
Non-official language 9,540 5,355 3,475 1,650 410 500 910 710
English and French 295 295 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 435 270 135 50 10 20 65 30
French and non-official language 30 25 10 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 15 10 0 10 0 0 0 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 11 500,610 490,855 8,385 5,385 695 860 1,440 1,370
English 494,350 486,700 6,740 4,870 515 605 750 900
French 650 595 55 45 0 0 10 0
Non-official language 4,910 3,105 1,375 400 165 225 585 425
English and French 180 160 20 0 15 0 0 0
English and non-official language 525 295 195 65 0 30 100 35
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 12 500,610 490,855 8,380 5,385 695 860 1,440 1,365
English only 475,990 467,640 7,110 4,560 555 745 1,250 1,235
French only 85 75 10 0 0 0 0 0
English and French 23,680 22,475 1,110 770 125 110 115 95
Neither English nor French 855 670 145 50 20 10 80 40
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 13 274,630 268,890 5,100 3,335 480 545 740 645
English 272,735 267,190 4,955 3,280 435 540 695 590
French 865 825 40 15 25 0 0 0
Non-official language 580 485 75 20 10 0 40 30
English and French 265 240 15 10 0 0 0 10
English and non-official language 185 150 15 10 10 0 0 20
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 14 500,610 490,855 8,385 5,385 695 860 1,440 1,365
Canadian citizens 496,705 490,855 5,845 4,470 495 640 245 0
Canadian citizens only 494,865 490,210 4,655 3,585 380 495 200 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 1,840 650 1,190 885 120 145 40 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 3,905 0 2,535 920 195 220 1,195 1,365
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 16 8,385 0 8,380 5,390 695 860 1,440 0
Under 5 years 1,125 0 1,130 735 95 105 190 0
5 to 14 years 1,350 0 1,350 880 110 150 210 0
15 to 24 years 1,630 0 1,635 1,350 75 55 150 0
25 to 44 years 3,625 0 3,625 2,220 355 430 625 0
45 years and over 645 0 645 205 55 110 270 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 17 500,605 490,855 8,385 5,390 695 855 1,445 1,370
Total visible minority populationFootnote 18 5,720 2,370 2,655 965 315 475 900 690
Chinese 1,325 615 545 245 30 145 125 160
South AsianFootnote 19 1,590 575 870 395 60 185 230 145
Black 905 385 375 60 30 45 240 145
Filipino 310 155 150 110 15 15 10 10
Latin American 480 95 345 50 140 15 135 45
Southeast AsianFootnote 20 120 50 65 15 25 0 20 0
Arab 545 240 185 50 0 50 85 115
West AsianFootnote 21 115 65 30 10 0 10 10 20
Korean 60 10 10 0 0 0 10 40
Japanese 140 90 35 10 0 0 30 20
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 22 75 65 15 10 0 0 0 0
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 23 65 30 30 20 10 0 0 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 24 494,890 488,485 5,730 4,425 375 385 545 675
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 422,385 413,520 7,795 5,390 650 670 1,080 1,070
1st generationFootnote 26 9,160 320 7,770 5,370 645 675 1,080 1,070
2nd generationFootnote 27 9,125 9,110 15 0 0 0 10 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 404,105 404,090 10 0 10 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 422,390 413,520 7,795 5,390 650 675 1,085 1,075
In the labour force 248,685 243,465 4,695 3,055 450 525 670 515
Employed 202,525 197,810 4,245 2,800 405 470 575 470
Unemployed 46,150 45,655 445 250 45 55 100 50
Not in the labour force 173,705 170,055 3,095 2,335 200 155 410 555
Participation rate 58.9 58.9 60.2 56.7 69.2 77.8 61.8 47.9
Employment rate 47.9 47.8 54.5 51.9 62.3 69.6 53.0 43.7
Unemployment rate 18.6 18.8 9.5 8.2 10.0 10.5 14.9 9.7
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 248,680 243,465 4,700 3,055 445 520 675 520
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 6,795 6,665 115 65 15 20 20 15
All classes of workerFootnote 32 241,885 236,795 4,580 2,990 435 500 650 505
Wage earners 226,205 221,985 3,790 2,405 375 445 565 425
Self-employedFootnote 33 15,400 14,565 770 575 55 50 85 60
Unpaid family workers 275 240 20 10 10 10 0 15
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 248,680 243,465 4,695 3,055 445 525 675 520
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 6,800 6,670 115 60 10 20 20 15
All industriesFootnote 36 241,880 236,795 4,580 2,990 435 500 650 505
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 14,330 14,250 70 60 0 0 10 0
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 7,850 7,665 140 90 0 15 40 45
22 Utilities 2,320 2,295 30 25 0 0 0 0
23 Construction 16,985 16,855 115 95 10 0 10 15
31-33 Manufacturing 22,490 22,325 145 110 10 10 15 15
41 Wholesale trade 6,630 6,515 90 65 15 10 10 30
44-45 Retail trade 30,580 30,150 430 250 65 75 40 10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 11,905 11,800 80 55 10 10 10 15
51 Information and cultural industries 4,670 4,560 100 45 0 15 35 10
52 Finance and insurance 5,090 5,030 55 45 0 0 10 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,810 2,740 65 15 20 20 15 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 8,595 8,195 365 195 45 25 100 30
55 Management of companies and enterprises 220 220 0 0 0 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 10,010 9,810 190 105 30 30 25 0
61 Educational services 17,005 16,160 775 560 40 75 95 75
62 Health care and social assistance 30,365 29,170 1,075 700 90 145 145 115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 3,660 3,570 80 45 15 20 0 10
72 Accommodation and food services 15,730 15,350 310 155 45 25 80 75
81 Other services (except public administration) 11,940 11,745 150 120 25 0 0 45
91 Public administration 18,705 18,385 305 245 15 35 15 15
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 248,680 243,465 4,700 3,055 450 525 675 515
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 6,800 6,670 115 65 10 20 20 15
All occupationsFootnote 39 241,885 236,800 4,585 2,990 435 500 650 505
A Management occupations 18,570 17,860 680 510 50 65 60 30
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 35,770 35,205 540 305 40 90 105 25
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 13,865 13,370 460 305 20 35 100 40
D Health occupations 15,045 14,165 760 515 60 70 110 115
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 19,795 18,855 840 565 75 105 100 100
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 4,575 4,395 165 95 25 20 25 10
G Sales and service occupations 61,120 60,265 720 395 130 75 120 140
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 42,140 41,835 275 190 40 35 15 30
I Occupations unique to primary industry 17,315 17,215 90 65 0 0 20 10
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 13,690 13,620 60 45 0 10 10 10
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 422,385 413,520 7,795 5,390 650 675 1,085 1,075
No certificate, diploma or degree 141,570 140,530 905 625 105 60 120 140
Certificate, diploma or degree 280,810 272,990 6,885 4,765 545 615 965 935
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 93,330 91,750 1,335 895 115 120 220 240
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 51,380 50,670 665 465 45 65 80 50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 74,100 72,845 1,145 845 105 85 110 105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 14,310 13,720 535 375 45 50 55 60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 47,690 44,000 3,210 2,180 235 290 500 480
Bachelor's degree 31,180 30,055 945 690 85 35 130 180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 4,050 3,800 210 135 15 25 40 40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 1,775 1,015 650 395 65 80 115 105
Master's degree 9,125 8,280 735 485 35 115 110 110
Earned doctorate 1,560 850 665 475 45 45 105 45
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 187,485 181,235 5,550 3,870 430 495 750 695
Education 19,095 18,735 320 245 30 15 35 45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,840 2,705 115 75 20 10 10 25
Humanities 6,455 6,060 320 240 50 10 25 70
Social and behavioural sciences and law 10,500 9,875 590 395 80 45 65 35
Business, management and public administration 43,510 42,685 770 510 65 100 90 55
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,285 3,765 425 315 10 30 70 95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 7,985 7,635 320 200 15 65 40 35
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 46,405 45,220 1,030 750 35 90 150 160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 3,360 3,265 65 50 0 0 10 25
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 25,635 24,165 1,345 935 85 125 205 125
Personal, protective and transportation services 17,405 17,120 250 155 35 15 50 30
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 422,385 413,515 7,795 5,390 650 670 1,080 1,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 234,905 232,280 2,250 1,515 215 180 335 375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 187,485 181,235 5,550 3,875 435 495 750 700
Inside Canada 182,120 179,500 2,535 2,070 185 145 135 80
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 160,435 158,770 1,600 1,275 100 130 100 65
Prince-Edward-Island 795 790 0 0 10 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 6,810 6,595 205 195 0 0 0 15
New Brunswick 2,125 2,090 35 25 0 0 10 0
Quebec 1,175 1,040 140 130 0 0 10 0
Ontario 7,680 7,285 395 325 55 10 0 10
Manitoba 460 430 30 20 0 0 0 0
Saskatchewan 400 390 10 10 0 0 0 0
Alberta 1,330 1,275 60 40 0 0 0 0
British Columbia 710 640 70 60 0 10 10 0
Yukon Territory 30 25 0 10 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 105 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 48 5,365 1,735 3,010 1,800 250 350 610 620
United States of America 1,835 1,215 470 360 30 30 60 150
United KingdomFootnote 49 1,565 395 1,045 820 25 95 100 125
India 150 0 135 75 20 25 10 15
Philippines 90 0 80 75 0 0 0 0
China, People's Republic of 120 0 80 0 0 20 55 40
Germany 140 0 140 100 10 15 15 10
France 55 10 40 30 10 0 0 15
Poland 25 0 25 15 0 0 10 0
Pakistan 105 0 90 10 0 20 60 15
Korea, SouthFootnote 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other 1,270 120 895 325 145 130 290 255
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 422,390 413,520 7,795 5,385 650 675 1,085 1,075
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 165,150 161,475 3,165 2,255 195 200 515 510
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 111,580 108,705 2,630 1,865 195 285 290 245
Average employment income $ 45,223 44,391 77,197 79,744 73,522 72,872 67,398 70,808
Median employment income $ 37,429 37,050 60,692 62,322 53,895 56,943 50,080 46,021
Standard error of average employment income $ 257 250 2,930 3,658 10,197 6,788 7,770 12,066
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 145,655 143,335 1,995 1,265 265 190 280 320
Average employment income $ 16,672 16,424 29,261 32,235 16,489 27,253 29,181 49,111
Median employment income $ 10,091 10,049 13,116 16,084 13,036 6,435 11,973 16,000
Standard error of average employment income $ 115 111 1,923 2,418 1,959 7,601 5,940 7,838
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 422,385 413,515 7,790 5,390 645 675 1,080 1,075
Without employment income 151,130 147,850 2,835 2,050 175 160 445 445
With employment incomeFootnote 56 271,250 265,670 4,960 3,335 470 510 635 630
Under $5,000Footnote 57 49,060 48,160 755 425 100 80 150 145
$5,000 to $9,999 39,210 38,730 415 240 45 70 60 65
$10,000 to $19,999 54,760 53,965 695 400 120 50 125 95
$20,000 to $29,999 34,285 33,800 410 290 45 20 60 65
$30,000 to $39,999 27,930 27,570 325 230 30 45 15 35
$40,000 to $49,999 18,375 17,975 370 270 10 50 35 30
$50,000 to $59,999 15,815 15,450 345 250 35 10 40 15
$60,000 to $74,999 15,295 14,775 510 360 20 75 50 10
$75,000 and over 16,535 15,235 1,140 870 65 110 100 160
Average employment income $Footnote 58 28,002 27,454 54,161 58,271 38,681 54,207 44,145 53,736
Median employment income $Footnote 59 18,086 17,962 35,616 42,070 17,355 37,280 17,535 21,642
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 134 130 1,978 2,567 4,966 5,152 4,817 6,173
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 79.6 79.2 90.5 89.4 93.9 94.8 93.0 94.8
Employment income % 69.1 68.9 74.8 71.2 87.3 87.9 83.8 88.3
Wages and salaries % 65.0 65.0 63.2 59.3 76.5 76.9 72.6 69.7
Self-employment income % 4.1 3.8 11.7 11.8 11.3 10.5 11.6 18.4
Investment income % 1.7 1.6 4.6 5.1 2.4 3.8 2.2 1.2
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 7.2 7.2 9.2 11.2 2.6 1.1 4.3 1.4
Other money income % 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.7 2.4 3.3
Government transfer payments % 20.4 20.8 9.5 10.6 6.1 5.0 6.9 5.6
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 4.7 4.7 3.0 3.8 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.7
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 4.4 4.4 3.5 4.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8
Child benefits % 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.9 1.9 0.6
Employment Insurance benefits % 6.7 7.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.9 0.7 0.8
Other income from government sources % 3.2 3.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.9 3.5 2.8
Income taxes paid % 16.8 16.5 24.2 24.4 22.1 24.3 24.2 28.6
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 422,385 413,520 7,795 5,390 650 675 1,085 1,070
Without wages and salaries 168,175 164,320 3,370 2,430 230 210 500 495
With wages and salaries 254,205 249,200 4,425 2,960 420 465 580 580
Under $5,000 45,345 44,555 640 360 75 70 140 145
$5,000 to $9,999 35,670 35,235 360 215 40 55 55 70
$10,000 to $19,999 50,325 49,620 605 325 105 50 115 100
$20,000 to $29,999 32,215 31,785 375 255 45 20 55 60
$30,000 to $39,999 27,075 26,750 295 230 15 35 15 35
$40,000 to $49,999 17,910 17,530 345 255 15 50 25 30
$50,000 to $59,999 15,385 15,040 330 230 40 20 45 15
$60,000 and over 30,285 28,685 1,475 1,090 85 170 130 130
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 28,099 27,647 51,214 54,730 38,239 52,618 41,554 45,699
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 18,831 18,631 36,701 42,523 17,472 40,247 17,503 16,878
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 132 129 1,896 2,480 4,400 4,901 4,660 5,242
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 422,385 413,515 7,790 5,390 650 675 1,080 1,075
Without income 24,710 24,180 380 90 55 35 200 150
With income 397,675 389,340 7,410 5,300 595 640 885 925
Under $5,000Footnote 67 44,220 43,245 730 335 130 90 175 250
$5,000 to $9,999 47,270 46,615 550 335 65 70 90 105
$10,000 to $19,999 110,925 109,055 1,670 1,155 155 125 235 200
$20,000 to $29,999 65,165 64,235 850 685 35 45 85 80
$30,000 to $39,999 47,310 46,625 630 490 55 50 30 55
$40,000 to $49,999 26,310 25,725 550 425 30 55 45 40
$50,000 to $79,999 40,665 39,390 1,220 945 65 110 100 60
$80,000 and over 15,810 14,465 1,205 925 70 95 110 145
Average income $Footnote 68 27,636 27,209 48,423 51,582 35,283 49,149 37,813 41,123
Median income $Footnote 69 19,573 19,487 28,402 33,261 17,839 28,347 17,254 16,053
Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 101 98 1,496 1,876 4,104 4,384 3,565 4,264
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 497,395 487,800 8,310 5,345 690 850 1,425 1,285
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 446,615 438,515 7,160 4,440 625 795 1,300 940
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 51,710 50,785 780 0 0 0 380 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.6 11.6 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.2 0.0
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 35,925 35,160 650 0 0 0 320 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.0 8.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.6 0.0
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 50,785 49,280 1,145 905 0 0 0 355
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 21,335 20,640 450 305 0 0 0 245
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 42.0 41.9 39.3 34.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.0
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 14,210 13,715 265 150 0 0 0 230
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 28.0 27.8 23.1 17.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.8

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 3

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 7

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 12

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 13

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 17

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 18

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 22

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 23

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 26

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 27

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 48

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 49

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 52

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 53

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 55

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 56

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 57

Including loss.

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Footnote 58

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 62

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For persons with income.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 72

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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