2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Ottawa - Gatineau (Ont. part - Partie Ont.)
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 2 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 3 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 685,525 509,365 169,335 97,310 25,590 23,195 23,245 6,830
Never legally married (single) 241,685 200,235 37,895 15,790 8,615 6,335 7,150 3,555
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 338,500 232,030 103,735 61,560 13,960 14,215 13,995 2,735
Separated, but still legally married 22,560 15,775 6,575 3,755 1,060 1,020 730 215
Divorced 50,025 38,685 11,185 8,395 1,120 945 725 155
Widowed 32,755 22,635 9,945 7,805 825 675 640 175
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 7 831,695 644,550 179,340 96,820 26,230 26,675 29,615 7,805
Number of family persons 691,775 535,935 150,930 78,720 22,925 23,560 25,730 4,910
Husbands or wives 333,690 229,995 101,215 60,605 13,470 13,800 13,340 2,485
Common-law partners 57,900 50,100 7,250 4,765 915 690 875 555
Lone parents 36,575 24,435 11,820 7,060 2,060 1,385 1,320 320
Children in census families 263,605 231,410 30,650 6,290 6,475 7,695 10,190 1,550
Number of persons not in census families 139,920 108,615 28,405 18,100 3,305 3,110 3,885 2,900
Living with relatives 15,570 9,595 5,575 2,465 955 880 1,270 400
Living with non-relatives only 34,350 27,810 4,815 2,210 700 700 1,205 1,730
Living alone 90,005 71,220 18,020 13,425 1,645 1,535 1,410 770
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 8 826,005 638,185 179,930 97,270 26,270 26,710 29,680 7,890
Non-movers 709,150 552,045 152,725 89,055 22,325 21,935 19,410 4,375
Movers 116,860 86,140 27,205 8,215 3,945 4,780 10,260 3,515
Non-migrants 82,445 62,085 18,635 6,195 3,110 3,710 5,625 1,725
Migrants 34,415 24,060 8,570 2,020 835 1,070 4,640 1,790
Internal migrants 25,985 21,355 4,370 1,500 655 725 1,495 260
Intraprovincial migrants 15,545 12,700 2,710 890 345 430 1,035 145
Interprovincial migrants 10,445 8,660 1,665 610 315 290 455 120
External migrants 8,430 2,705 4,195 525 175 345 3,150 1,525
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 9 789,005 602,760 178,615 97,265 26,270 26,710 28,370 7,625
Non-movers 450,460 356,515 93,105 67,655 13,360 8,950 3,140 850
Movers 338,545 246,255 85,515 29,615 12,910 17,765 25,230 6,775
Non-migrants 223,935 171,950 50,855 22,330 10,140 13,565 4,820 1,135
Migrants 114,610 74,305 34,665 7,285 2,765 4,200 20,410 5,640
Internal migrants 80,315 67,220 12,770 5,765 2,075 3,290 1,640 325
Intraprovincial migrants 46,340 39,145 7,005 3,105 1,040 1,850 1,005 185
Interprovincial migrants 33,975 28,075 5,765 2,655 1,035 1,445 635 135
External migrants 34,290 7,085 21,895 1,520 690 905 18,770 5,315
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 10 835,470 647,525 180,040 97,305 26,275 26,715 29,745 7,910
English 514,680 467,750 45,250 33,200 3,900 3,965 4,185 1,680
French 139,200 131,155 7,510 3,665 800 1,300 1,740 540
Non-official language 165,360 37,560 122,340 58,160 20,695 20,760 22,720 5,460
English and French 7,155 6,795 345 155 60 65 65 20
English and non-official language 6,550 3,425 2,975 1,465 550 405 550 150
French and non-official language 1,955 465 1,440 555 225 210 455 45
English, French and non-official language 570 370 195 105 40 20 35 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 11 835,475 647,520 180,040 97,305 26,275 26,715 29,740 7,910
English 622,315 528,805 90,000 62,300 10,100 8,565 9,040 3,505
French 102,605 93,100 8,940 3,790 1,230 1,525 2,395 565
Non-official language 88,945 15,140 70,340 26,665 12,620 14,625 16,430 3,465
English and French 7,120 6,170 855 410 95 240 105 95
English and non-official language 12,430 3,645 8,530 3,660 1,915 1,460 1,495 255
French and non-official language 1,095 225 845 250 215 165 210 20
English, French and non-official language 965 435 525 235 95 130 65 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 12 835,470 647,520 180,040 97,305 26,275 26,715 29,745 7,910
English only 488,885 355,040 127,730 68,675 18,610 19,180 21,275 6,110
French only 16,080 12,810 3,050 990 375 510 1,175 220
English and French 320,175 276,785 42,075 24,970 6,010 5,815 5,280 1,320
Neither English nor French 10,330 2,885 7,185 2,675 1,280 1,210 2,020 260
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 13 508,515 389,305 115,265 62,465 19,100 17,575 16,130 3,945
English 453,785 347,575 102,805 56,840 17,000 15,410 13,545 3,405
French 34,025 29,440 4,385 2,095 715 715 860 200
Non-official language 3,050 195 2,700 765 415 685 830 155
English and French 15,745 11,860 3,765 2,060 645 560 495 115
English and non-official language 1,550 185 1,295 545 255 155 350 65
French and non-official language 55 0 50 15 10 10 20 0
English, French and non-official language 310 40 270 140 65 25 25 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 14 835,470 647,525 180,040 97,305 26,275 26,715 29,740 7,910
Canadian citizens 792,670 647,520 145,145 90,055 24,065 23,460 7,565 0
Canadian citizens only 755,625 638,585 117,035 74,045 19,090 18,375 5,530 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 37,050 8,940 28,110 16,010 4,980 5,085 2,030 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 42,800 0 34,895 7,255 2,205 3,255 22,180 7,910
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 16 180,040 0 180,040 97,305 26,275 26,715 29,745 0
Under 5 years 17,905 0 17,905 11,060 1,870 2,315 2,655 0
5 to 14 years 32,840 0 32,840 18,550 4,880 4,495 4,915 0
15 to 24 years 39,770 0 39,770 26,400 4,845 3,730 4,790 0
25 to 44 years 75,550 0 75,550 37,295 11,605 13,205 13,440 0
45 years and over 13,980 0 13,980 4,000 3,075 2,960 3,940 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 17 835,470 647,525 180,040 97,310 26,275 26,715 29,745 7,905
Total visible minority populationFootnote 18 162,405 53,325 103,465 41,795 19,490 19,875 22,305 5,615
Chinese 30,840 9,350 20,155 7,265 3,065 5,480 4,355 1,340
South AsianFootnote 19 26,640 8,245 17,820 7,585 3,010 3,470 3,760 580
Black 39,280 15,540 22,480 8,270 5,170 3,960 5,085 1,260
Filipino 7,135 1,920 4,795 1,520 1,240 660 1,370 415
Latin American 8,090 1,605 6,185 2,790 1,165 840 1,390 295
Southeast AsianFootnote 20 10,415 3,580 6,655 4,510 1,085 570 480 180
Arab 24,290 7,650 15,690 6,165 3,370 2,675 3,480 955
West AsianFootnote 21 6,075 990 4,880 1,375 870 1,140 1,495 205
Korean 2,120 520 1,460 420 110 510 415 135
Japanese 1,685 995 560 260 45 125 130 130
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 22 1,615 620 940 515 130 215 80 55
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 23 4,220 2,315 1,840 1,115 225 230 270 65
Not a visible minorityFootnote 24 673,065 594,200 76,570 55,510 6,790 6,845 7,440 2,295
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 685,525 509,360 169,335 97,305 25,585 23,195 23,245 6,830
1st generationFootnote 26 180,550 4,510 169,210 97,230 25,555 23,195 23,230 6,830
2nd generationFootnote 27 111,525 111,400 120 80 30 0 15 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 393,445 393,445 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 685,525 509,365 169,335 97,305 25,585 23,195 23,245 6,825
In the labour force 476,190 363,895 108,750 58,715 18,230 16,725 15,080 3,545
Employed 448,570 344,420 100,910 56,010 16,660 15,190 13,050 3,230
Unemployed 27,620 19,475 7,835 2,705 1,570 1,530 2,025 310
Not in the labour force 209,335 145,465 60,585 38,590 7,360 6,475 8,165 3,285
Participation rate 69.5 71.4 64.2 60.3 71.3 72.1 64.9 51.9
Employment rate 65.4 67.6 59.6 57.6 65.1 65.5 56.1 47.3
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.4 7.2 4.6 8.6 9.1 13.4 8.7
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 476,190 363,900 108,750 58,720 18,230 16,725 15,080 3,545
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 7,880 4,715 3,010 870 620 595 920 155
All classes of workerFootnote 32 468,310 359,185 105,740 57,845 17,605 16,130 14,155 3,385
Wage earners 419,265 324,705 91,425 48,245 15,725 14,525 12,935 3,135
Self-employedFootnote 33 48,305 33,910 14,140 9,510 1,840 1,575 1,210 255
Unpaid family workers 740 570 170 90 40 30 10 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 476,190 363,895 108,750 58,715 18,230 16,725 15,080 3,545
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 7,880 4,710 3,010 875 625 590 920 160
All industriesFootnote 36 468,310 359,185 105,740 57,845 17,610 16,130 14,155 3,385
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,865 2,375 480 315 50 30 85 0
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 500 370 120 70 10 30 0 10
22 Utilities 1,440 1,205 235 145 10 45 30 0
23 Construction 20,020 16,710 3,240 2,110 345 395 395 70
31-33 Manufacturing 21,750 14,285 7,310 3,655 1,520 1,260 875 150
41 Wholesale trade 12,260 9,505 2,680 1,255 505 505 420 80
44-45 Retail trade 48,355 37,595 10,535 4,910 2,050 1,765 1,815 225
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 15,865 12,220 3,620 2,195 655 415 355 25
51 Information and cultural industries 15,270 11,915 3,290 1,715 530 640 400 65
52 Finance and insurance 15,340 12,185 3,080 1,845 475 395 360 70
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 8,445 6,840 1,575 975 220 175 210 35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 51,220 36,630 14,180 7,350 2,090 2,800 1,940 405
55 Management of companies and enterprises 280 200 80 65 10 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 22,265 16,455 5,605 2,595 1,260 845 905 205
61 Educational services 32,060 24,920 6,660 3,605 800 960 1,300 475
62 Health care and social assistance 45,430 33,465 11,570 6,375 2,055 1,760 1,380 395
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 9,630 8,235 1,340 900 160 140 135 50
72 Accommodation and food services 28,460 19,545 8,615 3,835 1,545 1,360 1,875 300
81 Other services (except public administration) 22,680 16,355 5,815 3,325 1,065 640 780 515
91 Public administration 94,180 78,175 15,705 10,600 2,230 1,960 915 295
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 476,190 363,895 108,750 58,720 18,225 16,720 15,080 3,545
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 7,880 4,710 3,010 870 625 595 920 155
All occupationsFootnote 39 468,310 359,185 105,740 57,845 17,605 16,130 14,155 3,385
A Management occupations 55,280 44,130 10,935 7,630 1,285 1,110 905 215
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 97,465 79,995 17,045 10,645 2,585 2,005 1,820 420
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 60,720 41,140 19,060 8,670 3,560 4,355 2,470 525
D Health occupations 25,300 18,050 7,010 3,775 1,275 1,100 865 230
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 55,950 43,525 11,810 6,570 1,520 1,910 1,815 610
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,475 16,755 3,615 2,430 355 540 290 105
G Sales and service occupations 102,935 76,695 25,165 11,545 5,080 3,785 4,755 1,075
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 37,485 29,675 7,685 4,790 1,250 845 805 125
I Occupations unique to primary industry 5,970 5,220 735 435 95 65 135 15
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 6,725 4,000 2,670 1,360 595 415 300 60
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 685,525 509,365 169,330 97,305 25,585 23,200 23,245 6,825
No certificate, diploma or degree 107,095 79,990 26,395 15,455 4,300 3,200 3,435 710
Certificate, diploma or degree 578,430 429,375 142,935 81,850 21,285 20,000 19,810 6,115
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 168,515 134,210 32,535 18,230 6,045 4,130 4,130 1,765
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 39,705 28,505 10,850 7,750 1,420 865 815 350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 124,760 99,390 24,615 16,695 3,365 2,320 2,235 755
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 28,710 17,405 10,880 6,220 1,715 1,395 1,550 425
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 216,740 149,865 64,055 32,960 8,740 11,280 11,075 2,825
Bachelor's degree 127,430 93,940 32,080 16,465 4,755 5,290 5,575 1,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 20,695 15,035 5,455 2,825 725 960 950 205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 4,990 2,710 2,110 1,115 265 255 470 180
Master's degree 51,705 32,710 18,300 9,115 2,165 3,735 3,280 695
Earned doctorate 11,915 5,470 6,105 3,440 825 1,035 805 335
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 409,915 295,165 110,400 63,625 15,235 15,860 15,675 4,350
Education 26,285 20,560 5,475 3,460 605 690 720 250
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 13,925 10,760 3,050 2,055 405 300 290 120
Humanities 28,685 20,790 7,575 4,650 815 1,010 1,105 320
Social and behavioural sciences and law 63,730 49,680 13,400 8,265 1,725 1,615 1,790 655
Business, management and public administration 82,095 61,900 19,335 11,750 2,480 2,445 2,655 865
Physical and life sciences and technologies 19,745 12,250 7,090 3,935 940 1,115 1,105 395
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 30,780 19,785 10,675 4,970 1,980 2,060 1,660 320
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 74,250 47,080 26,465 14,105 3,810 4,645 3,910 700
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 5,800 4,290 1,435 760 215 180 280 80
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 47,525 34,635 12,340 7,175 1,805 1,530 1,820 550
Personal, protective and transportation services 17,020 13,360 3,560 2,495 460 270 330 100
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 685,525 509,360 169,330 97,305 25,585 23,195 23,245 6,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 275,610 214,200 58,935 33,685 10,350 7,335 7,570 2,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 409,915 295,165 110,400 63,625 15,240 15,865 15,670 4,350
Inside Canada 345,745 286,665 57,730 41,000 8,200 5,580 2,945 1,350
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 3,185 3,025 150 95 45 10 10 10
Prince-Edward-Island 745 705 40 35 0 10 0 0
Nova Scotia 9,020 8,250 765 555 85 75 45 0
New Brunswick 5,465 5,000 440 305 25 50 55 25
Quebec 32,255 26,175 6,060 4,710 635 510 200 20
Ontario 276,750 228,425 47,095 32,930 6,945 4,700 2,520 1,230
Manitoba 4,345 3,610 735 595 65 45 25 0
Saskatchewan 3,235 2,715 515 405 80 20 10 10
Alberta 5,045 4,105 930 655 165 75 35 15
British Columbia 5,625 4,585 1,005 720 155 95 35 35
Yukon Territory 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 48 64,170 8,495 52,670 22,625 7,035 10,280 12,725 3,005
United States of America 9,795 4,975 4,530 2,740 440 660 690 290
United KingdomFootnote 49 10,170 2,050 7,870 6,230 465 485 695 250
India 3,725 15 3,570 1,345 480 755 995 140
Philippines 2,690 10 2,345 620 485 485 750 340
China, People's Republic of 5,265 0 5,095 330 575 2,110 2,080 165
Germany 1,495 60 1,375 1,010 55 100 210 65
France 1,625 305 1,190 545 155 240 250 130
Poland 1,760 10 1,745 1,290 305 70 80 10
Pakistan 1,295 20 1,245 335 140 385 390 35
Korea, SouthFootnote 50 495 0 465 85 25 195 155 30
Other 25,840 1,065 23,235 8,085 3,915 4,795 6,435 1,545
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 685,525 509,360 169,335 97,310 25,590 23,195 23,245 6,830
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 211,030 142,725 64,660 39,285 8,025 7,270 10,080 3,650
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 279,335 219,630 58,365 36,155 9,345 8,235 4,630 1,340
Average employment income $ 61,599 62,402 58,608 62,884 51,657 53,570 48,213 60,372
Median employment income $ 52,265 53,186 47,974 51,041 41,012 48,327 34,256 32,610
Standard error of average employment income $ 254 273 635 894 852 828 3,102 6,515
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 195,155 147,005 46,310 21,870 8,220 7,690 8,535 1,840
Average employment income $ 23,608 23,458 24,258 30,035 20,496 20,309 16,637 19,241
Median employment income $ 12,873 12,524 14,032 18,309 12,381 11,828 10,170 10,008
Standard error of average employment income $ 174 201 355 550 628 591 1,010 1,677
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 685,525 509,360 169,335 97,305 25,585 23,200 23,245 6,825
Without employment income 184,070 124,200 56,540 34,695 6,935 6,070 8,845 3,330
With employment incomeFootnote 56 501,455 385,165 112,795 62,610 18,650 17,130 14,400 3,495
Under $5,000Footnote 57 65,885 49,395 15,825 7,380 2,510 2,640 3,295 670
$5,000 to $9,999 44,705 33,240 10,895 4,475 2,190 2,090 2,135 570
$10,000 to $19,999 64,125 45,685 17,630 8,075 3,515 2,790 3,255 810
$20,000 to $29,999 52,245 38,320 13,485 7,070 2,580 2,005 1,830 440
$30,000 to $39,999 51,195 39,335 11,610 7,045 1,915 1,500 1,155 245
$40,000 to $49,999 48,960 39,650 9,160 5,800 1,360 1,270 725 155
$50,000 to $59,999 40,985 33,495 7,350 4,715 1,070 1,000 565 140
$60,000 to $74,999 47,975 38,955 8,895 5,770 1,065 1,545 515 130
$75,000 and over 85,385 67,100 17,945 12,290 2,455 2,280 925 340
Average employment income $Footnote 58 44,130 45,117 41,066 47,553 35,591 35,734 26,290 34,237
Median employment income $Footnote 59 34,461 36,375 28,895 35,628 23,288 25,037 14,959 16,031
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 168 187 378 573 567 556 1,203 2,726
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 92.7 93.5 89.6 89.2 90.3 91.8 88.6 90.2
Employment income % 77.9 79.0 74.0 68.8 85.6 87.5 81.9 79.8
Wages and salaries % 72.0 73.3 67.7 61.7 80.5 83.3 77.9 69.9
Self-employment income % 5.9 5.7 6.3 7.1 5.2 4.2 4.0 9.9
Investment income % 3.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.8
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 9.0 9.1 9.1 12.6 1.3 0.8 1.8 2.1
Other money income % 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 3.1 5.5
Government transfer payments % 7.3 6.4 10.4 10.8 9.7 8.2 11.4 9.7
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 1.9 1.6 2.9 3.7 2.1 0.6 0.2 1.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 2.6 2.5 3.0 4.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8
Child benefits % 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 2.9 2.6 4.1 2.3
Employment Insurance benefits % 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.7 0.9
Other income from government sources % 1.4 1.2 2.2 1.7 3.0 2.9 5.0 4.8
Income taxes paid % 19.7 20.0 18.6 20.0 15.8 15.7 14.3 18.3
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 685,525 509,360 169,335 97,305 25,585 23,195 23,245 6,830
Without wages and salaries 221,455 150,405 67,550 42,280 8,330 7,230 9,705 3,505
With wages and salaries 464,065 358,955 101,785 55,025 17,255 15,965 13,540 3,325
Under $5,000 59,175 44,700 13,805 5,815 2,380 2,450 3,150 670
$5,000 to $9,999 40,470 30,365 9,540 3,575 2,055 1,885 2,025 560
$10,000 to $19,999 56,475 41,165 14,560 6,225 2,905 2,460 2,975 745
$20,000 to $29,999 47,310 34,840 12,050 6,135 2,385 1,845 1,685 420
$30,000 to $39,999 48,170 37,060 10,880 6,530 1,820 1,450 1,090 230
$40,000 to $49,999 47,105 38,195 8,755 5,525 1,315 1,210 710 155
$50,000 to $59,999 39,420 32,370 6,940 4,455 1,015 950 525 115
$60,000 and over 125,945 100,255 25,255 16,765 3,385 3,715 1,390 435
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 44,104 44,923 41,624 48,523 36,147 36,515 26,593 31,536
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 35,671 37,587 30,303 38,585 24,597 26,508 14,772 15,575
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 169 187 394 605 571 572 1,271 2,362
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 685,525 509,365 169,335 97,305 25,585 23,195 23,245 6,830
Without income 31,540 23,070 7,750 1,605 1,435 1,460 3,250 725
With income 653,980 486,290 161,585 95,700 24,155 21,735 19,995 6,105
Under $5,000Footnote 67 68,255 47,515 18,590 6,530 3,350 3,765 4,945 2,145
$5,000 to $9,999 54,470 38,985 14,715 6,305 2,755 2,650 3,005 770
$10,000 to $19,999 104,785 70,025 33,500 18,255 5,845 4,290 5,110 1,255
$20,000 to $29,999 76,020 53,760 21,600 13,180 3,335 2,620 2,465 655
$30,000 to $39,999 72,570 54,765 17,435 11,670 2,485 1,880 1,395 370
$40,000 to $49,999 63,685 50,860 12,575 8,890 1,440 1,380 870 250
$50,000 to $79,999 128,405 103,440 24,625 17,405 2,710 3,190 1,320 335
$80,000 and over 85,805 66,935 18,540 13,470 2,235 1,955 885 325
Average income $Footnote 68 43,441 45,235 38,755 45,193 32,087 32,201 23,123 24,564
Median income $Footnote 69 32,988 35,779 26,052 32,725 20,339 20,572 13,533 11,184
Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 150 175 293 422 475 476 891 1,696
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 831,600 644,470 179,335 96,820 26,230 26,675 29,610 7,795
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 707,345 545,530 156,510 81,180 23,885 24,445 26,995 5,310
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 81,265 47,870 31,290 8,570 5,710 5,965 11,045 2,100
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.5 8.8 20.0 10.6 23.9 24.4 40.9 39.5
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 63,155 36,985 24,325 6,050 4,165 4,860 9,245 1,850
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.9 6.8 15.5 7.5 17.5 19.9 34.2 34.8
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 124,260 98,940 22,830 15,640 2,345 2,230 2,615 2,490
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 42,040 30,775 9,235 5,145 1,170 1,130 1,790 2,030
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 33.8 31.1 40.5 32.9 49.9 50.7 68.5 81.3
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 36,485 26,620 7,900 4,195 1,035 1,015 1,655 1,955
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 29.4 26.9 34.6 26.8 44.1 45.7 63.3 78.5

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 3

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 7

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 12

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 13

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 17

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 18

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 22

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 23

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 26

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 27

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 48

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 49

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 52

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 53

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 55

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 57

Including loss.

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Footnote 58

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 62

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For persons with income.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 72

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnotes

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Footnote b

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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