2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Toronto
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 2 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 3 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 4,122,820 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,050 350,160 324,365 363,530 66,680
Never legally married (single) 1,366,920 862,805 473,040 181,590 104,805 92,420 94,225 31,075
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 2,169,745 757,955 1,382,150 741,350 201,835 199,630 239,340 29,640
Separated, but still legally married 128,150 54,990 71,050 40,905 12,115 8,965 9,065 2,110
Divorced 250,910 119,260 129,510 87,810 16,345 14,110 11,250 2,140
Widowed 207,095 71,035 134,345 100,390 15,060 9,245 9,650 1,715
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 7 5,057,775 2,666,840 2,316,365 1,149,520 357,460 361,980 447,400 74,570
Number of family persons 4,349,975 2,317,135 1,985,285 950,455 314,575 325,550 394,695 47,550
Husbands or wives 2,118,250 748,380 1,344,825 729,995 195,405 192,470 226,955 25,045
Common-law partners 218,575 141,785 71,655 43,165 11,765 7,995 8,735 5,135
Lone parents 237,430 88,930 145,730 89,195 24,060 17,515 14,960 2,770
Children in census families 1,775,710 1,338,035 423,070 88,100 83,345 107,575 144,050 14,605
Number of persons not in census families 707,810 349,710 331,085 199,065 42,885 36,430 52,700 27,015
Living with relatives 141,295 39,210 95,700 46,300 16,835 13,195 19,370 6,390
Living with non-relatives only 154,060 79,145 60,725 23,340 8,975 9,175 19,235 14,190
Living alone 412,450 231,350 174,660 129,430 17,080 14,065 14,095 6,435
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 8 5,010,515 2,615,180 2,319,290 1,151,910 357,840 362,300 447,240 76,055
Non-movers 4,305,535 2,297,630 1,965,135 1,063,670 313,225 301,865 286,370 42,770
Movers 704,980 317,545 354,155 88,240 44,610 60,435 160,865 33,285
Non-migrants 422,975 201,380 207,690 57,200 30,565 41,435 78,485 13,905
Migrants 282,005 116,165 146,460 31,040 14,045 19,000 82,380 19,380
Internal migrants 189,155 106,245 79,435 27,330 11,535 15,970 24,600 3,475
Intraprovincial migrants 170,270 95,185 72,205 25,220 10,670 14,595 21,720 2,890
Interprovincial migrants 18,880 11,060 7,230 2,110 865 1,370 2,885 590
External migrants 92,850 9,920 67,025 3,710 2,510 3,030 57,775 15,905
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 9 4,771,650 2,393,435 2,304,300 1,151,910 357,845 362,300 432,250 73,915
Non-movers 2,630,150 1,467,375 1,155,175 813,745 183,035 124,900 33,495 7,600
Movers 2,141,500 926,060 1,149,125 338,170 174,805 237,400 398,760 66,315
Non-migrants 1,137,540 564,255 562,205 218,785 118,730 161,270 63,425 11,080
Migrants 1,003,965 361,805 586,925 119,385 56,075 76,130 335,330 55,235
Internal migrants 592,640 338,810 250,040 109,180 50,320 66,890 23,655 3,790
Intraprovincial migrants 532,935 301,235 228,725 101,815 46,405 60,565 19,945 2,975
Interprovincial migrants 59,705 37,570 21,315 7,365 3,920 6,325 3,705 815
External migrants 411,325 22,995 336,880 10,205 5,755 9,240 311,680 51,445
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 10 5,072,070 2,675,590 2,320,160 1,152,045 357,865 362,320 447,930 76,320
English 2,746,480 2,183,820 544,990 360,150 68,135 56,045 60,660 17,665
French 58,590 43,960 13,445 7,265 1,290 1,710 3,185 1,180
Non-official language 2,160,330 398,695 1,706,020 762,070 278,500 294,170 371,280 55,615
English and French 7,955 6,635 1,265 565 195 205 305 55
English and non-official language 92,665 41,045 49,935 19,720 8,965 9,610 11,635 1,685
French and non-official language 3,865 565 3,230 1,720 575 420 510 75
English, French and non-official language 2,185 865 1,275 555 200 170 345 45
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 11 5,072,075 2,675,590 2,320,160 1,152,045 357,865 362,320 447,925 76,320
English 3,494,710 2,434,105 1,028,900 668,135 128,180 113,725 118,860 31,705
French 25,325 15,810 8,450 3,265 1,125 1,375 2,690 1,065
Non-official language 1,363,690 176,455 1,147,675 427,055 204,475 220,445 295,705 39,565
English and French 6,430 3,985 2,290 1,010 390 430 460 155
English and non-official language 178,665 44,455 130,530 51,625 23,400 25,990 29,520 3,675
French and non-official language 1,560 240 1,215 450 105 185 470 110
English, French and non-official language 1,695 540 1,100 500 185 180 230 55
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 12 5,072,075 2,675,590 2,320,160 1,152,045 357,865 362,320 447,930 76,325
English only 4,436,235 2,356,475 2,014,895 1,009,575 307,160 317,170 380,985 64,865
French only 4,435 1,620 2,670 845 470 355 995 155
English and French 418,505 288,185 125,750 66,970 17,810 19,880 21,090 4,570
Neither English nor French 212,900 29,315 176,845 74,650 32,425 24,915 44,855 6,735
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 13 3,003,505 1,458,670 1,504,000 742,315 258,020 245,065 258,590 40,835
English 2,858,910 1,442,775 1,381,330 701,635 234,360 220,515 224,820 34,805
French 9,800 6,095 3,485 1,610 515 545 820 220
Non-official language 87,775 2,440 80,925 24,205 15,790 16,515 24,415 4,410
English and French 9,580 4,580 4,880 2,195 780 820 1,085 120
English and non-official language 36,475 2,550 32,680 12,285 6,480 6,580 7,325 1,250
French and non-official language 105 25 80 55 0 10 15 0
English, French and non-official language 855 215 610 325 100 80 105 30
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 14 5,072,075 2,675,590 2,320,160 1,152,045 357,865 362,325 447,925 76,320
Canadian citizens 4,429,945 2,675,590 1,754,350 1,049,335 319,425 295,765 89,835 0
Canadian citizens only 4,139,430 2,637,615 1,501,810 922,455 271,220 239,130 69,010 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 290,515 37,970 252,540 126,880 48,195 56,635 20,825 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 642,130 0 565,810 102,710 38,445 66,555 358,095 76,320
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 16 2,320,160 0 2,320,160 1,152,045 357,865 362,320 447,925 0
Under 5 years 167,410 0 167,410 96,220 17,300 22,185 31,710 0
5 to 14 years 398,080 0 398,080 204,375 60,535 63,875 69,300 0
15 to 24 years 526,210 0 526,210 331,270 65,135 58,815 70,995 0
25 to 44 years 981,075 0 981,075 448,960 158,500 166,950 206,665 0
45 years and over 247,380 0 247,385 71,230 56,400 50,490 69,260 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 17 5,072,075 2,675,590 2,320,165 1,152,050 357,865 362,320 447,925 76,325
Total visible minority populationFootnote 18 2,174,065 607,790 1,509,780 565,650 286,250 291,180 366,695 56,500
Chinese 486,325 112,780 363,410 145,355 73,875 71,665 72,520 10,140
South AsianFootnote 19 684,070 176,995 494,565 142,345 86,645 113,860 151,710 12,520
Black 352,220 148,625 195,280 104,250 35,045 25,820 30,170 8,310
Filipino 171,985 40,120 125,755 42,815 29,735 20,930 32,275 6,110
Latin American 99,290 22,505 70,140 31,145 13,435 9,300 16,255 6,655
Southeast AsianFootnote 20 70,215 19,800 49,035 26,220 10,235 5,490 7,090 1,385
Arab 53,430 11,750 40,185 10,785 9,000 8,750 11,655 1,495
West AsianFootnote 21 75,475 10,825 63,565 12,910 11,895 17,790 20,975 1,080
Korean 55,265 9,360 40,380 13,695 4,760 9,120 12,800 5,525
Japanese 19,010 12,465 4,870 2,340 550 785 1,200 1,675
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 22 46,705 14,540 31,315 16,295 6,275 3,810 4,935 855
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 23 60,075 28,025 31,285 17,500 4,800 3,875 5,110 760
Not a visible minorityFootnote 24 2,898,010 2,067,800 810,380 586,400 71,615 71,140 81,230 19,820
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,050 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,675
1st generationFootnote 26 2,263,570 8,590 2,188,300 1,150,965 349,810 324,165 363,360 66,680
2nd generationFootnote 27 882,500 880,800 1,700 1,010 330 190 170 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 976,750 976,655 95 80 10 10 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 4,122,820 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,050 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,675
In the labour force 2,815,845 1,356,980 1,420,695 700,800 244,705 230,820 244,375 38,170
Employed 2,627,350 1,272,640 1,320,400 667,225 226,640 211,020 215,515 34,315
Unemployed 188,500 84,345 100,295 33,575 18,055 19,800 28,860 3,860
Not in the labour force 1,306,975 509,065 769,405 451,250 105,455 93,550 119,155 28,505
Participation rate 68.3 72.7 64.9 60.8 69.9 71.2 67.2 57.2
Employment rate 63.7 68.2 60.3 57.9 64.7 65.1 59.3 51.5
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.4 8.6 11.8 10.1
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 2,815,845 1,356,980 1,420,695 700,795 244,705 230,820 244,375 38,170
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 57,150 21,205 34,045 9,835 5,990 6,795 11,430 1,895
All classes of workerFootnote 32 2,758,700 1,335,775 1,386,645 690,965 238,710 224,025 232,945 36,275
Wage earners 2,422,635 1,186,040 1,203,280 584,355 211,355 196,875 210,685 33,320
Self-employedFootnote 33 328,640 147,260 178,565 104,595 26,500 26,150 21,320 2,820
Unpaid family workers 7,425 2,475 4,805 2,015 855 1,000 930 145
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 2,815,845 1,356,980 1,420,695 700,800 244,705 230,815 244,375 38,175
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 57,150 21,205 34,045 9,830 5,990 6,795 11,430 1,895
All industriesFootnote 36 2,758,695 1,335,775 1,386,650 690,965 238,710 224,025 232,945 36,275
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 9,720 6,210 3,265 1,680 480 500 605 245
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 4,660 2,670 1,950 1,025 260 275 390 40
22 Utilities 16,030 9,300 6,630 4,090 710 1,005 830 100
23 Construction 148,895 74,550 71,935 41,975 10,260 8,995 10,710 2,405
31-33 Manufacturing 371,270 121,400 245,565 115,655 46,195 40,760 42,955 4,310
41 Wholesale trade 166,325 81,835 82,455 39,935 14,880 13,770 13,875 2,025
44-45 Retail trade 293,470 152,670 138,330 61,785 25,855 24,510 26,180 2,465
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 140,205 61,710 77,055 38,945 14,045 13,295 10,770 1,440
51 Information and cultural industries 101,850 61,455 39,400 19,605 6,735 6,905 6,155 990
52 Finance and insurance 193,760 95,715 96,810 52,350 16,455 15,490 12,515 1,240
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 66,115 32,435 33,265 19,920 4,895 4,710 3,740 420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 267,625 141,325 123,515 60,690 18,035 22,865 21,920 2,785
55 Management of companies and enterprises 5,570 3,170 2,320 1,290 320 340 375 80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 143,265 63,650 76,890 31,670 13,255 13,300 18,660 2,730
61 Educational services 172,990 106,730 63,600 37,425 8,635 8,425 9,110 2,660
62 Health care and social assistance 222,135 101,675 117,100 64,530 20,085 16,105 16,385 3,365
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 55,300 38,855 15,985 8,450 2,720 2,520 2,295 455
72 Accommodation and food services 157,680 67,265 87,525 31,620 17,965 16,880 21,055 2,885
81 Other services (except public administration) 127,640 53,440 69,000 34,380 12,610 9,970 12,040 5,200
91 Public administration 94,195 59,705 34,035 23,940 4,330 3,390 2,375 455
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 2,815,850 1,356,980 1,420,695 700,800 244,700 230,820 244,375 38,170
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 57,150 21,210 34,045 9,830 5,990 6,795 11,430 1,895
All occupationsFootnote 39 2,758,700 1,335,775 1,386,650 690,965 238,710 224,025 232,945 36,275
A Management occupations 320,600 180,135 137,100 84,185 19,645 17,710 15,555 3,365
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 590,605 303,810 282,250 151,985 47,550 42,040 40,670 4,545
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 224,410 88,000 133,885 54,540 21,865 31,555 25,930 2,525
D Health occupations 124,080 54,285 68,400 37,385 11,270 9,790 9,960 1,400
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 230,610 143,960 82,970 47,180 12,200 11,140 12,445 3,680
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 107,530 72,450 34,125 19,375 5,345 4,690 4,715 955
G Sales and service occupations 611,410 293,100 306,315 133,445 57,270 52,545 63,055 11,985
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 327,850 139,860 183,385 96,640 31,680 27,360 27,695 4,605
I Occupations unique to primary industry 26,270 18,665 7,180 3,975 1,200 975 1,030 430
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 195,330 41,515 151,045 62,245 30,690 26,220 31,885 2,780
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 4,122,820 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,045 350,160 324,365 363,530 66,675
No certificate, diploma or degree 813,595 341,515 462,180 277,215 69,380 55,250 60,335 9,900
Certificate, diploma or degree 3,309,230 1,524,530 1,727,920 874,835 280,780 269,115 303,195 56,775
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 1,052,330 521,200 513,745 264,800 98,750 76,920 73,275 17,385
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 263,715 100,035 159,800 108,730 23,115 14,865 13,095 3,880
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 658,150 335,435 314,395 193,710 52,405 36,240 32,035 8,320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 233,765 74,560 153,795 72,015 27,000 25,875 28,910 5,410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 1,101,270 493,300 586,185 235,580 79,510 115,215 155,875 21,785
Bachelor's degree 686,690 325,315 349,000 143,325 50,425 66,290 88,960 12,370
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 125,870 58,010 65,820 27,285 9,525 13,035 15,980 2,040
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 30,405 10,915 18,570 8,115 2,445 3,140 4,865 920
Master's degree 223,805 87,530 131,290 46,605 14,505 28,565 41,615 4,990
Earned doctorate 34,505 11,530 21,505 10,250 2,610 4,185 4,460 1,470
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 2,256,900 1,003,330 1,214,175 610,035 182,025 192,195 229,920 39,395
Education 133,845 73,270 58,640 32,005 8,315 7,850 10,470 1,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 109,390 65,135 42,425 22,900 6,735 6,200 6,595 1,835
Humanities 152,955 76,065 73,865 35,040 9,980 12,275 16,560 3,030
Social and behavioural sciences and law 288,175 163,720 119,990 62,255 18,405 17,755 21,580 4,465
Business, management and public administration 532,435 239,150 283,010 145,115 43,875 41,840 52,190 10,275
Physical and life sciences and technologies 94,435 34,880 57,660 23,610 8,470 11,780 13,800 1,900
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 143,420 49,870 90,370 36,490 15,160 18,850 19,875 3,170
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 447,100 142,750 298,130 149,685 41,315 50,050 57,080 6,225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 26,785 11,735 14,680 6,720 2,285 2,150 3,520 370
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 242,810 104,685 133,115 69,935 20,885 18,545 23,750 5,010
Personal, protective and transportation services 85,355 41,950 42,235 26,260 6,610 4,905 4,465 1,170
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 190 120 60 25 0 0 30 10
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,045 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 1,865,920 862,715 975,920 542,015 168,130 132,170 133,610 27,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 2,256,900 1,003,330 1,214,180 610,035 182,025 192,195 229,920 39,390
Inside Canada 1,519,055 968,975 541,945 371,160 84,495 55,935 30,350 8,135
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 7,800 7,310 470 315 70 35 50 20
Prince-Edward-Island 1,765 1,455 305 210 55 20 20 0
Nova Scotia 16,540 14,105 2,275 1,510 245 235 285 160
New Brunswick 6,615 5,645 890 590 110 115 75 75
Quebec 53,700 37,750 15,830 12,145 1,605 1,270 810 120
Ontario 1,390,210 873,850 508,780 346,715 80,590 53,055 28,420 7,585
Manitoba 9,460 6,510 2,910 2,205 395 205 110 40
Saskatchewan 5,410 3,960 1,445 1,015 215 130 90 0
Alberta 12,850 8,410 4,410 3,200 665 335 205 35
British Columbia 14,325 9,710 4,530 3,180 535 530 280 95
Yukon Territory 90 60 30 35 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 260 195 65 45 10 10 10 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 48 737,845 34,350 672,240 238,875 97,530 136,260 199,565 31,260
United States of America 65,160 23,255 38,220 19,830 4,070 6,355 7,970 3,685
United KingdomFootnote 49 59,995 5,290 52,990 39,235 4,425 4,050 5,285 1,715
India 94,065 110 91,530 19,920 10,680 21,440 39,490 2,430
Philippines 70,180 125 64,965 21,905 14,085 10,710 18,270 5,085
China, People's Republic of 58,955 10 57,655 4,470 5,025 18,575 29,595 1,285
Germany 12,125 270 11,275 9,315 405 750 805 580
France 4,250 535 3,255 1,540 435 525 760 465
Poland 23,555 45 23,235 14,710 5,425 1,480 1,615 275
Pakistan 35,455 100 34,290 3,975 3,195 11,290 15,840 1,055
Korea, SouthFootnote 50 16,580 10 14,635 4,210 1,705 3,670 5,050 1,935
Other 297,530 4,605 280,180 99,780 48,090 57,410 74,895 12,745
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,105 1,152,045 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,675
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 1,369,880 505,850 831,175 465,480 114,605 102,445 148,645 32,860
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 1,557,825 776,265 765,925 435,690 127,935 115,515 86,795 15,635
Average employment income $ 60,727 70,015 51,526 59,049 42,952 43,621 36,921 50,289
Median employment income $ 45,350 50,729 40,460 45,342 36,331 36,653 31,220 26,956
Standard error of average employment income $ 199 324 232 388 229 282 266 1,817
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 1,195,120 583,930 593,005 250,880 107,620 106,410 128,090 18,185
Average employment income $ 25,249 26,256 24,386 32,518 21,187 19,184 15,467 21,052
Median employment income $ 13,985 12,540 15,309 21,047 14,611 13,008 10,641 12,063
Standard error of average employment income $ 180 296 216 494 173 147 115 526
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,105 1,152,045 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,680
Without employment income 1,186,130 430,010 726,005 413,025 99,780 85,600 127,595 30,120
With employment incomeFootnote 56 2,936,690 1,436,035 1,464,095 739,020 250,375 238,770 235,935 36,560
Under $5,000Footnote 57 390,030 198,415 185,870 74,685 30,300 34,270 46,615 5,740
$5,000 to $9,999 277,170 131,175 140,950 48,840 26,875 28,540 36,695 5,045
$10,000 to $19,999 414,140 176,255 228,405 91,500 42,150 42,800 51,955 9,480
$20,000 to $29,999 357,850 147,225 205,180 90,395 41,325 36,875 36,580 5,445
$30,000 to $39,999 363,250 157,130 202,475 105,880 38,225 32,235 26,145 3,640
$40,000 to $49,999 303,345 148,780 152,635 91,405 25,760 20,705 14,770 1,925
$50,000 to $59,999 222,435 117,290 103,995 65,935 16,210 13,590 8,255 1,145
$60,000 to $74,999 231,400 127,995 102,045 66,900 13,755 13,890 7,500 1,360
$75,000 and over 377,080 231,760 142,540 103,475 15,775 15,870 7,410 2,780
Average employment income $Footnote 58 43,417 49,395 37,811 46,965 31,890 30,447 22,877 33,144
Median employment income $Footnote 59 30,350 33,996 28,501 35,769 26,039 23,473 16,133 17,588
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 134 222 157 296 151 162 127 856
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 91.9 94.7 88.6 87.9 89.5 91.6 89.1 89.9
Employment income % 80.5 82.7 77.7 73.6 85.1 87.8 84.3 83.6
Wages and salaries % 73.6 75.2 71.7 67.1 79.7 82.4 79.7 79.3
Self-employment income % 6.8 7.6 6.0 6.5 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.3
Investment income % 4.7 5.0 4.4 5.7 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.0
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 4.7 4.7 4.7 6.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8
Other money income % 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.2 3.4
Government transfer payments % 8.1 5.3 11.4 12.1 10.5 8.4 10.9 10.1
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 2.2 1.2 3.5 4.4 3.2 0.8 0.3 1.1
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 2.3 1.8 3.0 4.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7
Child benefits % 0.9 0.5 1.5 0.7 2.4 2.7 4.2 2.1
Employment Insurance benefits % 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.0
Other income from government sources % 1.6 1.0 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.5 3.6 5.1
Income taxes paid % 20.0 22.4 17.3 19.3 13.8 14.0 11.7 17.0
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,045 350,155 324,365 363,530 66,675
Without wages and salaries 1,437,580 538,245 866,800 494,830 121,055 106,675 144,245 32,525
With wages and salaries 2,685,245 1,327,795 1,323,300 657,220 229,100 217,690 219,290 34,150
Under $5,000 349,540 183,085 160,830 58,520 27,310 31,160 43,850 5,620
$5,000 to $9,999 240,870 119,215 117,150 36,720 22,880 24,235 33,325 4,505
$10,000 to $19,999 356,070 155,965 191,535 73,455 35,745 36,110 46,220 8,565
$20,000 to $29,999 322,875 132,730 185,065 79,415 37,750 33,490 34,415 5,080
$30,000 to $39,999 341,940 146,985 191,480 99,605 36,550 30,585 24,745 3,470
$40,000 to $49,999 291,460 142,580 147,080 87,505 25,160 20,135 14,275 1,795
$50,000 to $59,999 214,015 112,515 100,360 63,535 15,525 13,310 7,995 1,140
$60,000 and over 568,480 334,715 229,790 158,465 28,185 28,665 14,475 3,975
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 43,447 48,543 38,586 48,178 32,628 31,351 23,247 33,666
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 31,894 34,887 30,043 37,878 27,479 24,971 16,572 17,929
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 140 227 168 323 154 169 132 905
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 4,122,825 1,866,045 2,190,100 1,152,050 350,155 324,365 363,525 66,675
Without income 231,180 113,260 110,995 20,140 16,085 21,195 53,580 6,925
With income 3,891,645 1,752,785 2,079,105 1,131,905 334,075 303,175 309,950 59,755
Under $5,000Footnote 67 487,510 211,155 258,635 84,475 47,740 54,605 71,810 17,725
$5,000 to $9,999 365,970 155,535 202,545 77,800 37,680 36,950 50,110 7,895
$10,000 to $19,999 729,005 255,930 459,005 249,060 77,355 61,015 71,570 14,080
$20,000 to $29,999 512,790 196,955 308,285 167,120 50,045 45,720 45,400 7,555
$30,000 to $39,999 467,690 202,325 260,835 150,110 44,110 36,690 29,930 4,530
$40,000 to $49,999 362,265 175,750 184,275 117,025 28,545 22,545 16,150 2,240
$50,000 to $79,999 598,040 327,335 267,660 181,900 34,995 32,305 18,455 3,040
$80,000 and over 368,365 227,805 137,870 104,420 13,595 13,330 6,525 2,690
Average income $Footnote 68 40,704 48,911 34,258 41,665 28,091 27,315 20,649 24,255
Median income $Footnote 69 26,754 32,571 23,515 29,158 20,653 19,786 14,122 12,483
Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 118 211 129 227 125 136 106 549
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 5,054,610 2,664,810 2,315,415 1,149,520 357,430 361,860 446,605 74,390
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 4,490,960 2,356,045 2,080,975 996,755 331,410 338,740 414,070 53,945
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 714,810 276,285 417,100 106,385 66,925 82,385 161,400 21,425
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 15.9 11.7 20.0 10.7 20.2 24.3 39.0 39.7
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 544,725 212,240 314,500 71,645 47,980 62,810 132,065 17,985
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 12.1 9.0 15.1 7.2 14.5 18.5 31.9 33.3
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 563,650 308,760 234,435 152,765 26,020 23,120 32,535 20,450
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 214,315 94,240 104,930 60,885 13,100 10,745 20,195 15,140
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 38.0 30.5 44.8 39.9 50.3 46.5 62.1 74.1
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 181,480 79,065 88,145 47,750 11,920 9,810 18,665 14,275
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 32.2 25.6 37.6 31.3 45.8 42.4 57.4 69.8

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 3

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 7

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 12

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 13

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 17

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 18

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 22

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 23

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 26

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 27

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 48

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 49

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 52

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 53

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 55

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 56

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 57

Including loss.

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Footnote 58

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 62

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For persons with income.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 72

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote b

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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