2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Barrie
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 2 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 3 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 138,510 116,140 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,580 1,525 715
Never legally married (single) 42,885 39,785 2,745 1,505 505 420 315 355
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 71,660 56,745 14,605 11,360 1,140 975 1,130 310
Separated, but still legally married 5,945 5,080 860 735 60 60 0 10
Divorced 11,095 9,315 1,740 1,555 55 75 55 35
Widowed 6,925 5,215 1,705 1,615 20 45 15 10
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 7 174,845 151,580 22,460 16,725 1,825 1,800 2,115 805
Number of family persons 152,265 132,790 19,010 13,660 1,715 1,635 2,000 465
Husbands or wives 71,165 56,405 14,495 11,280 1,140 975 1,105 270
Common-law partners 13,825 12,495 1,290 985 130 105 75 40
Lone parents 7,600 6,545 1,035 905 75 45 10 25
Children in census families 59,670 57,350 2,190 505 370 505 805 130
Number of persons not in census families 22,585 18,785 3,455 3,060 110 165 115 340
Living with relatives 3,655 2,875 750 600 30 50 65 35
Living with non-relatives only 6,405 5,575 570 445 40 45 30 265
Living alone 12,525 10,340 2,145 2,010 40 70 25 40
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 8 173,210 149,890 22,515 16,770 1,825 1,800 2,115 810
Non-movers 146,860 127,085 19,445 14,990 1,515 1,475 1,465 335
Movers 26,345 22,805 3,070 1,780 315 325 655 470
Non-migrants 13,655 12,260 1,255 780 125 125 220 135
Migrants 12,695 10,545 1,815 990 190 195 430 335
Internal migrants 12,025 10,325 1,585 945 180 190 270 125
Intraprovincial migrants 11,205 9,630 1,450 900 150 155 245 120
Interprovincial migrants 825 695 135 45 30 25 30 0
External migrants 670 220 235 50 15 10 160 220
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 9 164,530 141,280 22,450 16,770 1,825 1,800 2,050 800
Non-movers 84,245 73,030 11,160 9,695 660 525 275 55
Movers 80,280 68,250 11,290 7,075 1,165 1,275 1,780 745
Non-migrants 34,625 31,315 3,295 2,270 400 430 190 15
Migrants 45,660 36,935 7,995 4,805 765 840 1,585 730
Internal migrants 43,135 36,440 6,580 4,610 740 790 440 115
Intraprovincial migrants 40,290 33,970 6,200 4,425 710 700 365 115
Interprovincial migrants 2,845 2,465 385 190 30 90 70 0
External migrants 2,525 500 1,415 195 30 45 1,150 615
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 10 175,335 152,015 22,515 16,770 1,825 1,800 2,115 810
English 154,535 143,895 10,420 8,485 745 610 585 220
French 3,720 3,585 135 95 0 20 10 0
Non-official language 15,800 3,685 11,555 7,900 1,020 1,155 1,475 560
English and French 415 395 20 20 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 815 435 355 240 60 15 45 25
French and non-official language 10 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 35 15 20 20 0 0 0 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 11 175,335 152,015 22,515 16,770 1,825 1,800 2,115 805
English 167,290 149,480 17,325 14,170 1,120 950 1,075 480
French 1,210 1,105 105 50 0 10 35 0
Non-official language 5,560 955 4,310 2,105 605 710 900 290
English and French 190 180 10 0 0 0 10 0
English and non-official language 1,060 275 745 430 95 125 95 35
French and non-official language 30 10 25 15 0 10 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 12 175,335 152,015 22,520 16,770 1,830 1,800 2,115 805
English only 162,245 140,540 20,925 15,700 1,710 1,655 1,855 785
French only 105 90 15 0 10 0 0 0
English and French 12,525 11,265 1,255 895 80 100 170 10
Neither English nor French 460 125 320 170 25 40 90 15
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 13 106,505 92,030 14,030 10,155 1,435 1,315 1,140 445
English 105,640 91,480 13,725 9,965 1,380 1,290 1,095 430
French 315 270 40 30 10 0 0 0
Non-official language 190 50 135 80 25 10 25 0
English and French 190 185 10 10 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 150 25 110 60 15 20 15 10
French and non-official language 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 14 175,335 152,015 22,515 16,775 1,830 1,805 2,120 810
Canadian citizens 169,775 152,015 17,760 14,565 1,470 1,330 400 0
Canadian citizens only 166,920 151,550 15,370 12,895 1,120 1,025 325 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 2,855 465 2,390 1,665 345 305 75 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 5,560 0 4,755 2,210 355 470 1,715 810
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 16 22,520 0 22,515 16,770 1,830 1,800 2,115 0
Under 5 years 2,955 0 2,950 2,475 125 145 205 0
5 to 14 years 5,315 0 5,310 4,190 325 300 495 0
15 to 24 years 5,570 0 5,575 4,670 405 270 215 0
25 to 44 years 7,690 0 7,690 5,045 825 855 965 0
45 years and over 985 0 980 380 145 220 235 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 17 175,335 152,015 22,515 16,770 1,825 1,800 2,120 805
Total visible minority populationFootnote 18 10,130 4,130 5,475 2,390 985 875 1,225 525
Chinese 1,180 415 680 305 65 155 160 85
South AsianFootnote 19 1,900 620 1,105 470 190 110 330 170
Black 2,305 1,350 920 500 150 140 120 45
Filipino 875 270 555 175 145 100 135 45
Latin American 1,165 350 785 355 155 90 185 35
Southeast AsianFootnote 20 535 235 295 150 75 45 25 10
Arab 300 85 210 75 45 25 55 0
West AsianFootnote 21 310 45 270 80 20 50 120 0
Korean 410 85 260 55 40 115 55 70
Japanese 355 245 40 10 10 0 20 70
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 22 310 155 155 60 45 35 20 0
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 23 495 270 220 165 50 10 0 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 24 165,205 147,885 17,040 14,385 840 925 890 280
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 138,505 116,140 21,650 16,775 1,775 1,580 1,525 720
1st generationFootnote 26 22,615 270 21,625 16,745 1,775 1,575 1,525 715
2nd generationFootnote 27 27,235 27,220 15 10 0 0 0 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 88,665 88,655 10 15 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 138,505 116,140 21,650 16,770 1,770 1,580 1,525 715
In the labour force 99,310 85,890 13,075 9,430 1,320 1,210 1,110 340
Employed 93,410 80,690 12,390 9,015 1,255 1,130 990 330
Unemployed 5,895 5,200 685 415 70 80 115 10
Not in the labour force 39,200 30,250 8,575 7,335 450 370 415 380
Participation rate 71.7 74.0 60.4 56.2 74.6 76.6 72.8 47.6
Employment rate 67.4 69.5 57.2 53.8 70.9 71.5 64.9 46.2
Unemployment rate 5.9 6.1 5.2 4.4 5.3 6.6 10.4 2.9
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 99,305 85,890 13,075 9,430 1,325 1,210 1,110 345
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 1,235 1,095 140 50 15 10 60 0
All classes of workerFootnote 32 98,070 84,800 12,930 9,385 1,305 1,200 1,045 340
Wage earners 86,890 75,965 10,605 7,655 1,105 995 850 320
Self-employedFootnote 33 10,935 8,640 2,280 1,700 195 190 195 20
Unpaid family workers 250 195 50 30 0 15 0 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 99,305 85,890 13,075 9,435 1,325 1,210 1,110 340
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 1,235 1,095 145 50 20 10 65 0
All industriesFootnote 36 98,070 84,800 12,930 9,385 1,305 1,200 1,045 340
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 940 835 105 100 0 0 0 0
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 135 115 25 15 10 0 0 0
22 Utilities 845 800 50 35 10 10 0 0
23 Construction 7,940 6,870 1,040 755 115 90 85 30
31-33 Manufacturing 14,245 12,100 2,095 1,465 220 230 190 50
41 Wholesale trade 5,285 4,480 775 590 45 85 55 30
44-45 Retail trade 12,910 11,365 1,530 965 165 190 215 15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 5,115 4,305 800 630 60 55 55 10
51 Information and cultural industries 2,140 1,905 230 195 10 10 20 0
52 Finance and insurance 2,910 2,550 350 295 20 15 15 10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,030 1,715 320 260 15 50 0 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 4,530 3,750 750 550 85 90 25 30
55 Management of companies and enterprises 110 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 4,600 3,965 605 465 50 55 40 25
61 Educational services 6,470 5,745 700 540 50 50 65 20
62 Health care and social assistance 8,635 7,430 1,170 895 140 40 85 35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 2,285 2,075 205 140 15 15 40 0
72 Accommodation and food services 6,785 5,960 815 435 155 120 105 10
81 Other services (except public administration) 4,395 3,650 690 495 110 50 40 55
91 Public administration 5,770 5,085 680 555 40 65 15 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 99,310 85,890 13,075 9,430 1,325 1,210 1,110 340
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 1,235 1,090 145 50 20 10 60 0
All occupationsFootnote 39 98,075 84,800 12,935 9,380 1,305 1,200 1,045 340
A Management occupations 10,135 8,570 1,535 1,150 160 135 95 30
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 16,060 13,830 2,165 1,765 140 160 110 60
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 4,755 4,000 745 505 95 95 55 10
D Health occupations 4,930 4,185 720 525 90 35 70 20
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 7,475 6,640 800 610 50 65 75 40
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2,185 1,920 265 195 20 15 35 10
G Sales and service occupations 26,505 23,240 3,185 2,085 410 375 310 85
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 17,335 14,870 2,405 1,780 245 200 180 65
I Occupations unique to primary industry 1,715 1,560 155 145 0 0 0 0
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 6,960 5,985 955 620 100 125 105 25
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 138,505 116,145 21,655 16,770 1,775 1,580 1,525 720
No certificate, diploma or degree 31,625 27,690 3,855 3,185 230 195 245 85
Certificate, diploma or degree 106,885 88,455 17,795 13,585 1,545 1,380 1,285 630
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 40,410 34,545 5,650 4,585 410 375 280 210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 13,205 10,310 2,875 2,445 240 90 100 20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 31,370 26,345 4,880 3,845 405 365 260 140
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 4,460 3,375 1,030 640 145 125 130 55
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 17,435 13,880 3,355 2,070 340 435 510 200
Bachelor's degree 11,595 9,455 1,985 1,260 210 265 245 155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,655 2,245 390 240 35 20 90 20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 410 260 150 95 20 15 20 0
Master's degree 2,515 1,745 760 425 70 125 135 15
Earned doctorate 260 180 75 50 0 0 20 0
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 66,475 53,910 12,145 9,000 1,140 1,010 1,000 415
Education 4,685 4,060 600 410 40 55 100 25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,825 2,275 550 435 25 65 20 10
Humanities 2,440 1,915 490 330 60 65 40 35
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,180 6,070 1,060 745 125 65 120 55
Business, management and public administration 13,705 11,015 2,575 1,925 235 250 155 115
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,305 955 335 205 50 50 35 20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,425 1,910 505 340 55 45 75 15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 14,930 11,155 3,705 2,805 340 275 285 75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,205 1,045 160 125 15 0 15 0
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 10,135 8,750 1,325 1,020 115 75 115 60
Personal, protective and transportation services 5,630 4,770 845 665 85 50 45 15
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 138,505 116,145 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,580 1,525 715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 72,040 62,230 9,505 7,770 635 570 525 300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 66,475 53,910 12,150 8,995 1,135 1,010 1,000 415
Inside Canada 59,390 52,815 6,515 5,640 475 245 155 60
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 550 540 10 10 0 0 0 0
Prince-Edward-Island 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 545 500 45 30 0 0 10 0
New Brunswick 325 295 30 30 0 0 0 0
Quebec 1,060 930 135 105 0 10 15 0
Ontario 55,310 49,120 6,135 5,310 465 220 135 60
Manitoba 295 255 40 40 0 0 0 0
Saskatchewan 220 195 20 15 10 0 0 0
Alberta 485 435 50 40 0 10 0 0
British Columbia 475 425 50 45 0 10 0 0
Yukon Territory 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 48 7,085 1,095 5,635 3,360 660 765 850 355
United States of America 1,250 765 425 265 45 55 60 60
United KingdomFootnote 49 1,710 125 1,540 1,220 120 70 130 40
India 115 0 85 25 10 20 30 25
Philippines 350 0 305 80 90 90 50 45
China, People's Republic of 170 0 160 15 0 55 85 0
Germany 515 10 510 415 15 35 45 0
France 30 0 25 0 10 0 10 0
Poland 365 0 360 215 70 50 25 0
Pakistan 170 0 140 10 25 25 85 35
Korea, SouthFootnote 50 110 0 90 15 10 50 20 15
Other 2,295 195 1,975 1,100 260 315 300 120
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 138,510 116,140 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,575 1,525 715
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 38,885 30,005 8,580 7,215 430 365 570 300
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 57,795 49,940 7,655 5,895 645 685 430 205
Average employment income $ 51,695 51,578 52,141 55,402 40,865 41,454 41,286 63,553
Median employment income $ 45,668 45,673 45,791 48,115 39,685 35,124 37,121 39,676
Standard error of average employment income $ 381 403 1,119 1,364 1,983 2,732 3,514 11,768
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 41,830 36,195 5,420 3,660 705 535 520 215
Average employment income $ 21,030 20,362 25,616 27,983 19,749 26,825 15,678 17,862
Median employment income $ 12,026 11,596 15,266 18,931 13,397 11,594 10,362 11,693
Standard error of average employment income $ 385 405 1,220 1,379 1,721 7,234 1,994 2,955
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 138,510 116,145 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,580 1,525 715
Without employment income 33,500 25,630 7,600 6,455 380 285 475 270
With employment incomeFootnote 56 105,010 90,510 14,050 10,315 1,400 1,295 1,045 445
Under $5,000Footnote 57 14,740 12,885 1,775 1,215 225 170 170 75
$5,000 to $9,999 10,200 9,005 1,145 695 105 160 175 50
$10,000 to $19,999 14,580 12,400 2,085 1,370 265 215 230 100
$20,000 to $29,999 12,395 10,485 1,875 1,300 215 240 120 35
$30,000 to $39,999 12,655 10,980 1,610 1,215 175 95 120 70
$40,000 to $49,999 10,945 9,370 1,545 1,160 155 130 100 30
$50,000 to $59,999 8,550 7,335 1,170 970 60 90 50 45
$60,000 to $74,999 9,575 8,400 1,170 945 80 95 50 0
$75,000 and over 11,365 9,645 1,680 1,450 115 90 30 40
Average employment income $Footnote 58 37,324 37,042 39,105 42,368 29,892 33,873 25,713 38,479
Median employment income $Footnote 59 30,059 30,050 30,639 34,210 23,605 23,166 17,955 21,126
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 280 298 816 979 1,441 3,399 1,966 6,038
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 90.7 91.6 86.0 84.9 90.9 94.1 89.8 94.6
Employment income % 80.5 82.0 72.4 69.5 87.6 84.6 86.3 93.2
Wages and salaries % 75.1 77.0 64.5 61.5 82.8 75.9 78.3 91.0
Self-employment income % 5.4 5.0 7.9 8.0 5.2 8.7 8.1 1.9
Investment income % 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.9 1.3 0.8 0.0 0.5
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 6.0 5.6 8.5 10.0 0.7 1.3 1.8 0.0
Other money income % 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 7.2 1.7 0.3
Government transfer payments % 9.3 8.4 13.9 15.2 8.9 5.8 10.3 5.4
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 2.3 1.9 4.7 5.5 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 3.2 2.8 5.4 6.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.0
Child benefits % 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 2.9 2.5 4.1 1.2
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.1 4.0 1.2
Other income from government sources % 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.4 1.7 2.0
Income taxes paid % 17.9 18.0 17.3 17.5 14.5 19.7 14.0 21.1
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 138,510 116,140 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,580 1,525 720
Without wages and salaries 41,865 32,000 9,570 7,925 545 480 620 300
With wages and salaries 96,640 84,140 12,085 8,850 1,235 1,100 900 415
Under $5,000 12,960 11,510 1,385 900 175 160 150 60
$5,000 to $9,999 9,220 8,285 895 530 105 110 155 45
$10,000 to $19,999 12,715 11,055 1,565 1,030 215 185 145 95
$20,000 to $29,999 11,130 9,580 1,515 1,050 190 175 100 35
$30,000 to $39,999 11,815 10,235 1,520 1,150 170 90 115 60
$40,000 to $49,999 10,610 9,140 1,440 1,065 135 125 120 35
$50,000 to $59,999 8,165 7,015 1,105 915 60 80 50 50
$60,000 and over 20,025 17,325 2,655 2,210 190 185 70 50
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 37,828 37,430 40,512 43,699 31,898 35,662 26,968 40,273
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 31,709 31,304 34,181 37,618 25,072 25,695 20,086 21,710
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 267 282 797 922 1,553 3,804 2,089 6,366
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 138,510 116,140 21,650 16,770 1,775 1,575 1,525 715
Without income 5,820 5,015 680 305 70 70 240 120
With income 132,685 111,120 20,965 16,470 1,705 1,510 1,285 595
Under $5,000Footnote 67 14,100 12,245 1,680 985 265 220 215 170
$5,000 to $9,999 12,040 10,405 1,570 1,055 165 155 195 60
$10,000 to $19,999 23,450 18,625 4,710 3,705 365 330 305 110
$20,000 to $29,999 18,165 14,625 3,465 2,795 265 250 155 75
$30,000 to $39,999 16,980 14,220 2,705 2,200 200 135 165 55
$40,000 to $49,999 14,015 11,920 2,065 1,635 180 125 115 30
$50,000 to $79,999 23,715 20,410 3,255 2,755 175 225 100 55
$80,000 and over 10,225 8,670 1,515 1,330 80 75 30 40
Average income $Footnote 68 36,689 36,814 36,196 38,157 27,904 34,344 24,251 30,879
Median income $Footnote 69 29,065 29,653 26,945 28,539 21,607 22,831 16,964 16,091
Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 250 266 703 742 1,259 5,022 1,663 4,670
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 174,735 151,475 22,455 16,725 1,825 1,800 2,105 805
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 155,920 135,670 19,750 14,265 1,745 1,685 2,060 500
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 12,480 10,580 1,810 815 0 0 540 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.0 7.8 9.1 5.7 0.0 0.0 26.2 0.0
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 9,140 7,835 1,215 565 0 0 360 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 5.9 5.8 6.2 3.9 0.0 0.0 17.7 0.0
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 18,810 15,810 2,700 2,455 0 0 0 300
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 5,560 4,615 720 620 0 0 0 235
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 29.6 29.2 26.5 25.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.3
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 4,105 3,470 430 350 0 0 0 200
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 21.8 22.0 16.1 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.6

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 3

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 7

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 12

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 13

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 17

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 18

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 22

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 23

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 26

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 27

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 48

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 49

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 52

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 53

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 55

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 56

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 57

Including loss.

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Footnote 58

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 62

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For persons with income.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 72

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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