2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in BrandonFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 3 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 4 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 5
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 39,050 35,855 2,820 1,780 175 230 640 380
Never legally married (single) 13,310 12,560 480 165 55 65 195 265
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 19,220 17,390 1,740 1,125 75 135 405 90
Separated, but still legally married 1,000 925 70 40 15 15 10 10
Divorced 3,135 2,885 240 185 30 0 15 10
Widowed 2,390 2,100 285 260 0 10 20 0
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 47,215 43,740 3,055 1,775 185 275 820 420
Number of family persons 37,835 35,290 2,375 1,310 150 250 655 170
Husbands or wives 18,955 17,220 1,665 1,105 75 135 350 70
Common-law partners 3,710 3,530 140 85 30 20 10 30
Lone parents 1,920 1,790 135 95 0 15 20 0
Children in census families 13,250 12,750 430 30 45 85 280 65
Number of persons not in census families 9,385 8,445 680 460 35 25 165 255
Living with relatives 1,085 880 110 45 10 0 50 95
Living with non-relatives only 2,245 1,970 130 35 0 15 75 140
Living alone 6,055 5,595 440 380 15 0 45 20
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 9 46,830 43,350 3,060 1,780 185 270 820 425
Non-movers 38,425 35,935 2,355 1,585 145 170 450 140
Movers 8,405 7,415 705 195 40 100 370 285
Non-migrants 4,715 4,300 355 100 35 30 195 55
Migrants 3,690 3,115 345 90 10 70 175 230
Internal migrants 3,255 3,035 195 90 0 65 40 25
Intraprovincial migrants 2,490 2,370 90 45 10 35 15 25
Interprovincial migrants 770 665 105 50 0 30 25 0
External migrants 435 80 145 0 0 0 140 205
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 10 44,615 41,155 3,045 1,780 185 275 805 415
Non-movers 24,170 22,750 1,420 1,240 55 90 35 0
Movers 20,450 18,405 1,625 540 130 185 770 415
Non-migrants 10,680 10,165 485 350 55 30 55 25
Migrants 9,765 8,240 1,140 190 75 160 710 385
Internal migrants 8,585 8,110 460 190 70 145 50 15
Intraprovincial migrants 5,765 5,500 255 90 55 70 35 15
Interprovincial migrants 2,820 2,615 205 105 15 75 15 0
External migrants 1,175 130 685 10 0 15 660 365
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 11 47,455 43,965 3,065 1,780 185 275 830 420
English 42,430 40,985 1,365 980 105 100 185 80
French 760 740 20 20 0 0 0 0
Non-official language 3,910 1,955 1,615 755 70 175 610 345
English and French 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 225 165 60 25 0 0 30 0
French and non-official language 25 15 10 0 10 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 12 47,460 43,965 3,065 1,775 185 275 830 420
English 45,600 43,275 2,195 1,580 140 145 335 130
French 220 225 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-official language 1,455 410 775 170 40 100 460 270
English and French 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 175 60 95 30 0 30 30 20
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 13 47,455 43,970 3,070 1,775 185 275 830 425
English only 44,475 41,350 2,835 1,640 175 255 755 290
French only 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and French 2,730 2,540 165 130 0 0 35 25
Neither English nor French 230 55 70 10 10 15 40 110
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 14 29,710 27,425 1,970 1,130 165 215 465 320
English 29,370 27,230 1,905 1,100 165 210 440 240
French 55 45 10 10 0 0 0 0
Non-official language 180 60 40 0 0 10 20 80
English and French 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 50 20 15 10 0 0 0 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 15 47,455 43,970 3,065 1,775 185 275 825 425
Canadian citizens 45,880 43,970 1,915 1,505 135 180 85 0
Canadian citizens only 45,400 43,810 1,590 1,300 80 170 50 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 480 160 315 205 60 15 40 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 16 1,575 0 1,150 275 45 90 745 420
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 17 3,065 0 3,065 1,780 185 275 825 0
Under 5 years 320 0 320 215 40 20 35 0
5 to 14 years 665 0 665 395 35 75 165 0
15 to 24 years 755 0 755 545 25 55 130 0
25 to 44 years 1,200 0 1,200 575 80 115 430 0
45 years and over 125 0 125 50 0 15 65 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 18 47,455 43,965 3,065 1,775 185 275 825 425
Total visible minority populationFootnote 19 1,660 400 920 225 35 125 535 335
Chinese 240 50 140 65 10 30 40 50
South AsianFootnote 20 365 45 320 40 10 60 210 0
Black 305 160 130 25 0 15 85 20
Filipino 110 45 65 30 0 0 25 0
Latin American 425 45 125 15 10 0 100 260
Southeast AsianFootnote 21 110 25 80 25 0 10 45 0
Arab 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
West AsianFootnote 22 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Korean 20 0 15 0 0 0 10 0
Japanese 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 23 15 10 10 10 0 0 0 0
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 24 35 10 30 0 0 0 25 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 25 45,800 43,565 2,150 1,550 150 155 295 85
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 26 39,050 35,855 2,820 1,780 175 225 640 380
1st generationFootnote 27 3,305 105 2,820 1,775 175 225 640 380
2nd generationFootnote 28 6,095 6,095 0 0 0 0 0 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 29 29,650 29,650 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 30 39,055 35,855 2,820 1,775 175 225 635 380
In the labour force 27,505 25,390 1,820 1,000 140 220 460 290
Employed 26,105 24,065 1,750 995 135 205 420 295
Unemployed 1,400 1,325 70 0 10 15 40 0
Not in the labour force 11,545 10,465 995 775 35 10 180 85
Participation rate 70.4 70.8 64.5 56.3 80.0 97.8 72.4 76.3
Employment rate 66.8 67.1 62.1 56.1 77.1 91.1 66.1 77.6
Unemployment rate 5.1 5.2 3.8 0.0 7.1 6.8 8.7 0.0
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 31 27,505 25,390 1,820 1,000 140 220 455 295
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 32 325 295 30 0 0 0 20 0
All classes of workerFootnote 33 27,180 25,095 1,795 1,000 135 220 440 290
Wage earners 24,730 22,970 1,475 840 95 155 380 290
Self-employedFootnote 34 2,375 2,070 300 160 30 55 55 0
Unpaid family workers 80 60 20 0 0 10 0 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 35 27,505 25,390 1,825 1,000 140 215 455 295
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 36 325 295 30 0 10 0 25 0
All industriesFootnote 37 27,185 25,095 1,790 1,005 135 220 440 295
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 910 815 95 45 20 25 10 0
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 80 75 10 10 0 0 10 0
22 Utilities 290 280 10 10 0 0 0 0
23 Construction 1,175 1,125 50 30 0 0 10 0
31-33 Manufacturing 2,780 2,275 310 85 25 20 185 195
41 Wholesale trade 885 835 45 30 10 10 0 0
44-45 Retail trade 3,635 3,460 150 100 0 35 15 25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,200 1,155 50 20 15 10 10 0
51 Information and cultural industries 650 630 15 10 0 0 0 10
52 Finance and insurance 750 715 35 25 10 0 0 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 475 440 40 40 0 0 0 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 635 615 25 20 0 0 0 0
55 Management of companies and enterprises 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,225 1,165 40 30 10 0 10 15
61 Educational services 2,240 2,060 180 130 15 10 25 0
62 Health care and social assistance 3,905 3,580 315 165 10 15 125 15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 335 310 25 25 10 0 0 0
72 Accommodation and food services 2,270 2,035 220 90 25 65 40 10
81 Other services (except public administration) 1,360 1,285 65 50 0 15 0 10
91 Public administration 2,350 2,220 115 95 10 0 15 10
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 38 27,505 25,390 1,820 1,005 140 220 460 290
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 39 325 295 30 0 10 0 25 0
All occupationsFootnote 40 27,185 25,095 1,795 1,000 135 220 435 290
A Management occupations 2,290 2,110 170 125 20 25 0 0
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 4,040 3,850 175 125 15 15 15 20
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 975 900 65 40 0 0 25 10
D Health occupations 2,090 1,805 260 130 15 10 110 20
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 2,565 2,345 210 145 0 25 40 0
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 525 490 35 20 10 0 0 0
G Sales and service occupations 8,120 7,705 385 215 25 75 65 30
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 3,995 3,770 205 140 10 20 30 25
I Occupations unique to primary industry 1,185 1,090 85 30 20 30 10 10
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 1,400 1,020 205 35 15 20 140 175
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 41 39,050 35,855 2,815 1,775 175 225 640 375
No certificate, diploma or degree 9,830 9,090 630 440 55 40 95 110
Certificate, diploma or degree 29,220 26,765 2,185 1,340 120 185 545 270
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 42 11,485 10,740 605 355 35 40 180 135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 4,200 3,895 275 200 10 40 25 35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 43 6,520 6,010 480 315 10 50 100 35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 44 1,420 1,320 85 60 10 0 10 10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 45 5,600 4,795 740 400 55 60 225 60
Bachelor's degree 3,925 3,580 290 155 40 25 75 50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 735 595 130 105 0 0 20 0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 230 120 105 15 0 0 80 0
Master's degree 495 350 145 90 10 15 25 0
Earned doctorate 225 145 75 40 0 0 30 0
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 46 17,740 16,025 1,575 980 85 150 365 140
Education 2,150 1,960 175 155 10 0 15 10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 335 290 30 25 0 0 0 20
Humanities 765 695 65 45 0 15 0 0
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,450 1,295 125 85 10 15 20 25
Business, management and public administration 3,580 3,345 210 100 10 20 75 25
Physical and life sciences and technologies 555 470 80 45 15 0 20 10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 460 415 45 20 0 0 25 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 3,415 3,075 310 195 20 40 55 30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 660 545 115 70 10 25 20 0
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 3,245 2,860 370 215 10 15 130 20
Personal, protective and transportation services 1,135 1,080 45 30 0 10 0 0
Other fields of studyFootnote 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 48 39,050 35,855 2,820 1,780 175 225 640 380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 21,315 19,835 1,240 800 90 75 280 240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 17,735 16,020 1,575 985 85 150 360 140
Inside Canada 16,485 15,710 730 640 30 25 40 45
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prince-Edward-Island 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 120 100 20 20 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 115 105 0 10 0 0 0 0
Quebec 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ontario 890 835 55 40 0 0 10 0
Manitoba 13,835 13,255 540 470 30 15 30 45
Saskatchewan 650 630 20 20 0 0 0 0
Alberta 430 370 55 55 0 10 0 0
British Columbia 290 260 30 30 0 0 0 0
Yukon Territory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 49 1,250 310 845 340 55 125 320 95
United States of America 410 255 150 125 10 10 0 10
United KingdomFootnote 50 210 20 190 90 15 45 40 0
India 85 0 85 0 10 20 55 0
Philippines 35 0 35 15 0 0 10 0
China, People's Republic of 20 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Germany 110 25 85 50 10 15 15 0
France 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Poland 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0
Pakistan 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 51 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0
Other 345 10 255 30 0 25 200 80
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 52 39,050 35,855 2,820 1,775 175 225 635 380
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 53 11,110 9,945 1,030 735 20 20 260 135
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 54 15,735 14,615 1,075 680 0 0 200 0
Average employment income $ 41,755 41,506 44,320 49,480 0 0 44,999 0
Median employment income $ 36,477 36,495 36,347 43,575 0 0 31,058 0
Standard error of average employment income $ 590 611 2,280 2,826 0 0 5,102 0
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 55 12,205 11,295 710 360 0 0 180 0
Average employment income $ 18,774 18,089 30,943 38,668 0 0 28,330 0
Median employment income $ 11,781 11,581 16,942 20,012 0 0 18,003 0
Standard error of average employment income $ 622 573 5,279 9,820 0 0 4,776 0
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 56 39,050 35,855 2,820 1,780 175 225 640 380
Without employment income 9,440 8,430 920 690 20 15 195 90
With employment incomeFootnote 57 29,610 27,430 1,895 1,090 0 0 445 295
Under $5,000Footnote 58 4,330 4,005 275 105 0 0 95 50
$5,000 to $9,999 3,125 2,985 115 80 0 0 10 20
$10,000 to $19,999 5,395 4,955 300 150 0 0 50 140
$20,000 to $29,999 4,685 4,385 270 140 0 0 75 35
$30,000 to $39,999 3,935 3,590 330 160 0 0 120 20
$40,000 to $49,999 2,730 2,590 135 105 0 0 10 10
$50,000 to $59,999 2,145 2,015 135 100 0 0 0 0
$60,000 to $74,999 1,790 1,640 150 135 0 0 10 0
$75,000 and over 1,475 1,265 200 115 0 0 65 15
Average employment income $Footnote 59 30,389 30,000 37,381 44,156 0 0 34,143 21,463
Median employment income $Footnote 60 24,010 23,953 29,349 35,087 0 0 27,168 13,589
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 61 435 435 2,457 3,885 0 0 3,327 3,566
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 88.0 88.0 87.8 85.1 94.9 93.6 96.1 92.8
Employment income % 75.6 75.6 74.3 69.3 90.5 84.0 86.8 92.1
Wages and salaries % 71.3 71.7 67.0 62.9 75.6 80.9 78.9 77.9
Self-employment income % 4.3 3.9 7.3 7.0 10.7 3.4 8.2 0.0
Investment income % 3.5 3.3 5.9 5.1 5.7 9.1 7.8 0.0
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 7.2 7.2 6.9 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other money income % 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0
Government transfer payments % 12.0 12.0 12.1 14.9 5.1 7.0 4.0 6.0
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 3.5 3.4 4.6 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 4.2 4.2 4.4 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Child benefits % 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.7 3.3 1.4 0.8
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.0
Other income from government sources % 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.3 2.7 1.5 1.5 2.9
Income taxes paid % 17.2 17.1 18.2 18.6 14.1 14.7 18.1 15.6
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 63 39,050 35,855 2,815 1,775 175 225 640 380
Without wages and salaries 11,205 10,030 1,080 800 35 40 205 90
With wages and salaries 27,845 25,825 1,730 980 0 0 435 285
Under $5,000 3,865 3,565 245 75 0 0 95 50
$5,000 to $9,999 2,920 2,795 100 50 0 0 10 20
$10,000 to $19,999 5,020 4,600 280 150 0 0 60 140
$20,000 to $29,999 4,450 4,145 270 145 0 0 70 30
$30,000 to $39,999 3,730 3,435 280 130 0 0 125 20
$40,000 to $49,999 2,665 2,520 130 105 0 0 10 10
$50,000 to $59,999 2,110 1,990 120 95 0 0 0 0
$60,000 and over 3,095 2,775 310 230 0 0 65 10
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 64 30,496 30,198 36,903 43,990 0 0 31,446 18,517
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 65 24,803 24,753 28,975 35,384 0 0 24,812 13,218
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 66 397 393 2,475 4,023 0 0 3,076 2,662
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 67 39,050 35,860 2,820 1,780 175 225 635 380
Without income 1,200 1,035 140 0 10 0 120 30
With income 37,855 34,820 2,680 1,780 0 0 520 355
Under $5,000Footnote 68 3,265 2,945 225 75 0 0 90 90
$5,000 to $9,999 3,580 3,375 180 110 0 0 30 20
$10,000 to $19,999 8,325 7,650 520 390 0 0 45 160
$20,000 to $29,999 7,025 6,490 500 325 0 0 105 30
$30,000 to $39,999 5,420 4,945 450 255 0 0 140 20
$40,000 to $49,999 3,760 3,520 230 200 0 0 15 15
$50,000 to $79,999 4,990 4,605 385 310 0 0 30 0
$80,000 and over 1,485 1,285 185 110 0 0 55 15
Average income $Footnote 69 31,457 31,256 35,672 38,811 0 0 33,663 19,366
Median income $Footnote 70 25,177 25,149 27,919 29,435 0 0 27,098 13,395
Standard error of average income $Footnote 71 375 381 1,813 2,476 0 0 3,044 3,162
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 72 47,205 43,730 3,050 1,775 185 275 820 420
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 73 38,920 36,175 2,480 1,355 160 260 705 265
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 4,365 3,925 380 0 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.2 10.9 15.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 3,090 2,765 280 0 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.0 7.7 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 8,290 7,560 570 415 0 0 0 0
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 3,070 2,795 170 115 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 37.1 36.9 28.9 27.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 2,280 2,060 110 65 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 27.6 27.2 19.1 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Data quality index showing, for the short census questionnaire (100% data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

Data quality index showing, for the long census questionnaire (20% sample data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

2001 adjusted count; most of these are the result of boundary changes.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 5

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 11

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 14

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 17

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 18

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 22

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 23

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 25

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 27

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 30

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 31

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 32

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 33

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 34

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 35

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 36

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 37

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 38

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 39

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 40

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 41

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 42

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 43

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 44

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 45

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 46

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 47

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 48

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 51

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 52

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 53

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 55

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 56

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 57

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 58

Including loss.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 62

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 63

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 67

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 68

Including loss.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

For persons with income.

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Footnote 72

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 73

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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