2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in Saskatoon
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 2 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 3 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 4
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 5 187,695 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,665 1,990 2,515 2,110
Never legally married (single) 68,140 63,965 3,170 1,325 495 700 645 1,005
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 6 91,110 79,375 10,680 6,850 1,025 1,125 1,680 1,055
Separated, but still legally married 4,870 4,370 490 365 25 60 45 10
Divorced 13,715 12,735 960 735 95 75 60 25
Widowed 9,855 8,525 1,320 1,165 30 35 85 20
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 7 230,300 210,150 17,765 10,415 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,385
Number of family persons 186,240 170,065 14,715 8,220 1,565 2,005 2,930 1,460
Husbands or wives 90,265 78,765 10,555 6,795 1,025 1,090 1,645 945
Common-law partners 13,600 12,960 520 305 55 80 85 115
Lone parents 11,280 10,415 845 590 95 75 90 15
Children in census families 71,105 67,930 2,790 530 390 755 1,115 385
Number of persons not in census families 44,060 40,085 3,050 2,200 155 275 415 930
Living with relatives 5,525 5,015 440 195 40 25 185 70
Living with non-relatives only 11,050 10,050 445 250 35 90 80 555
Living alone 27,480 25,020 2,155 1,760 80 160 150 300
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 8 228,070 207,900 17,785 10,445 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,390
Non-movers 186,130 170,480 14,720 9,560 1,355 1,665 2,140 930
Movers 41,945 37,415 3,060 880 365 610 1,205 1,465
Non-migrants 27,600 25,170 1,955 630 260 455 610 480
Migrants 14,345 12,250 1,105 255 100 165 595 985
Internal migrants 12,470 11,835 520 225 65 95 130 115
Intraprovincial migrants 8,455 8,220 205 95 40 35 35 30
Interprovincial migrants 4,015 3,615 310 130 25 60 95 85
External migrants 1,875 415 590 25 30 65 465 870
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 9 217,295 197,320 17,630 10,445 1,715 2,280 3,190 2,350
Non-movers 118,975 109,450 9,425 7,570 850 750 255 105
Movers 98,320 87,870 8,205 2,870 865 1,525 2,935 2,245
Non-migrants 59,770 55,485 4,135 1,950 650 930 600 155
Migrants 38,550 32,380 4,070 920 220 595 2,330 2,095
Internal migrants 33,180 31,420 1,705 835 160 460 250 50
Intraprovincial migrants 22,555 21,835 700 425 55 135 85 15
Interprovincial migrants 10,625 9,585 1,005 415 100 320 165 35
External migrants 5,370 960 2,365 85 65 135 2,080 2,045
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 10 230,850 210,670 17,795 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,390
English 197,260 190,840 5,635 4,160 295 465 710 780
French 3,490 3,285 170 135 20 20 0 35
Non-official language 28,120 14,915 11,650 6,070 1,325 1,750 2,505 1,555
English and French 260 255 10 10 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 1,625 1,315 295 75 65 40 110 15
French and non-official language 50 35 15 10 10 10 0 0
English, French and non-official language 45 25 20 0 0 0 15 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 11 230,850 210,670 17,795 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,350 2,395
English 219,610 206,775 11,435 8,135 830 1,135 1,335 1,400
French 765 670 55 45 10 0 0 40
Non-official language 9,015 2,685 5,415 1,930 775 940 1,770 910
English and French 195 140 55 10 15 20 20 0
English and non-official language 1,250 395 825 335 90 175 225 35
French and non-official language 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 12 230,850 210,670 17,795 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,395
English only 215,425 197,025 16,230 9,620 1,530 2,055 3,025 2,165
French only 115 100 10 0 0 0 10 15
English and French 14,520 13,340 1,115 635 120 175 185 70
Neither English nor French 785 205 440 200 60 45 130 140
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 13 143,335 130,475 11,545 6,675 1,365 1,685 1,820 1,315
English 141,905 129,535 11,220 6,555 1,330 1,605 1,740 1,145
French 440 395 45 20 0 25 0 0
Non-official language 650 300 195 80 15 35 60 160
English and French 125 110 10 0 10 0 10 0
English and non-official language 220 140 70 20 15 25 10 10
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 14 230,850 210,665 17,790 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,390
Canadian citizens 223,855 210,670 13,190 9,415 1,470 1,800 505 0
Canadian citizens only 221,315 210,035 11,280 8,290 1,230 1,290 470 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 2,540 630 1,910 1,125 240 505 35 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 15 6,995 0 4,605 1,035 245 485 2,845 2,390
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 16 17,795 0 17,795 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,345 0
Under 5 years 1,855 0 1,860 1,235 130 170 325 0
5 to 14 years 3,650 0 3,650 2,195 355 470 625 0
15 to 24 years 3,665 0 3,665 2,585 295 370 420 0
25 to 44 years 7,520 0 7,520 4,160 815 1,015 1,535 0
45 years and over 1,100 0 1,100 275 120 265 445 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 17 230,855 210,670 17,790 10,450 1,715 2,280 3,345 2,390
Total visible minority populationFootnote 18 14,865 4,980 8,495 3,635 1,195 1,345 2,320 1,390
Chinese 4,250 1,475 2,275 1,045 265 380 580 500
South AsianFootnote 19 2,230 640 1,350 715 80 145 410 245
Black 1,900 800 890 200 140 85 460 205
Filipino 1,915 660 1,220 555 220 265 180 35
Latin American 1,055 210 790 440 185 50 120 50
Southeast AsianFootnote 20 1,010 340 615 390 110 40 75 60
Arab 940 305 560 140 105 125 190 70
West AsianFootnote 21 665 145 420 30 15 150 225 105
Korean 105 10 55 25 10 25 0 40
Japanese 335 155 130 30 45 40 15 45
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 22 120 20 85 30 10 20 30 10
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 23 340 220 105 40 25 15 30 15
Not a visible minorityFootnote 24 215,985 205,685 9,295 6,810 520 935 1,030 1,000
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 25 187,695 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,665 1,985 2,515 2,105
1st generationFootnote 26 19,155 440 16,610 10,440 1,665 1,985 2,510 2,110
2nd generationFootnote 27 31,880 31,870 10 0 0 0 0 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 28 136,660 136,655 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 187,690 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,665 1,985 2,515 2,110
In the labour force 132,450 120,620 10,680 6,165 1,295 1,570 1,650 1,150
Employed 125,525 114,240 10,260 5,980 1,240 1,500 1,540 1,030
Unemployed 6,920 6,385 420 185 50 75 105 120
Not in the labour force 55,245 48,350 5,940 4,280 375 420 870 960
Participation rate 70.6 71.4 64.3 59.0 77.8 79.1 65.6 54.5
Employment rate 66.9 67.6 61.7 57.2 74.5 75.6 61.2 48.8
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.3 3.9 3.0 3.9 4.8 6.4 10.4
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 132,445 120,620 10,680 6,165 1,295 1,570 1,650 1,150
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 1,460 1,295 105 50 0 20 40 60
All classes of workerFootnote 32 130,985 119,325 10,575 6,115 1,290 1,555 1,610 1,090
Wage earners 117,440 107,130 9,230 5,165 1,150 1,415 1,510 1,085
Self-employedFootnote 33 13,270 11,930 1,325 940 145 140 105 10
Unpaid family workers 280 265 15 15 0 0 0 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 132,450 120,620 10,680 6,165 1,295 1,570 1,645 1,150
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 1,460 1,295 110 50 10 15 35 55
All industriesFootnote 36 130,985 119,320 10,570 6,115 1,290 1,555 1,615 1,090
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 3,400 3,115 175 100 15 35 25 110
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 3,320 3,125 175 150 10 10 10 15
22 Utilities 945 865 75 65 10 0 0 0
23 Construction 8,070 7,700 355 180 75 70 30 15
31-33 Manufacturing 10,995 9,850 1,120 565 125 220 210 30
41 Wholesale trade 6,410 6,025 385 235 40 30 75 0
44-45 Retail trade 14,000 12,970 990 465 135 210 180 45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 6,785 6,280 395 230 35 50 80 110
51 Information and cultural industries 3,265 3,060 180 145 10 20 10 25
52 Finance and insurance 4,015 3,775 220 145 35 10 35 20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,305 2,140 170 110 0 40 15 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 7,215 6,500 660 325 75 105 150 65
55 Management of companies and enterprises 270 255 10 10 0 10 0 10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 4,485 4,070 380 195 45 30 105 40
61 Educational services 12,600 10,740 1,430 820 180 205 230 425
62 Health care and social assistance 16,310 14,670 1,570 1,030 165 215 165 70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 2,340 2,215 110 65 20 20 15 15
72 Accommodation and food services 10,085 8,920 1,100 540 200 180 170 65
81 Other services (except public administration) 7,060 6,510 510 340 80 40 50 40
91 Public administration 7,110 6,540 555 395 55 55 55 10
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 132,450 120,620 10,680 6,165 1,295 1,565 1,645 1,155
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 1,465 1,295 110 45 10 20 35 55
All occupationsFootnote 39 130,985 119,320 10,575 6,115 1,290 1,550 1,615 1,090
A Management occupations 11,840 10,910 905 645 100 85 75 25
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 22,150 20,880 1,205 790 135 135 145 65
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 7,905 6,795 1,040 450 135 200 260 70
D Health occupations 9,245 8,120 1,065 655 75 210 120 55
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 12,770 10,940 1,430 845 190 175 220 405
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 3,380 3,100 235 185 10 30 15 50
G Sales and service occupations 32,915 30,180 2,580 1,370 400 385 420 155
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 20,520 18,985 1,390 815 165 215 205 140
I Occupations unique to primary industry 5,075 4,795 185 140 10 20 20 95
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 5,185 4,625 545 225 80 105 135 20
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 187,690 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,665 1,985 2,515 2,105
No certificate, diploma or degree 41,500 38,160 3,125 2,040 305 345 435 220
Certificate, diploma or degree 146,190 130,805 13,495 8,415 1,360 1,635 2,085 1,895
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 51,130 47,035 3,510 2,090 470 510 440 580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 19,440 17,915 1,460 1,090 135 90 145 65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 31,610 29,135 2,290 1,715 170 175 235 185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 7,525 6,495 920 565 100 125 135 110
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 36,485 30,220 5,315 2,950 490 740 1,135 950
Bachelor's degree 24,300 21,635 2,340 1,335 245 350 415 320
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2,530 2,185 305 185 30 30 60 40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 1,450 975 400 275 25 30 75 70
Master's degree 5,740 4,200 1,220 625 85 135 380 320
Earned doctorate 2,465 1,220 1,045 535 110 195 205 200
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 95,065 83,765 9,985 6,320 890 1,130 1,645 1,305
Education 10,245 9,310 905 645 75 110 80 30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2,855 2,575 235 145 15 35 45 40
Humanities 4,705 4,030 585 385 50 60 100 85
Social and behavioural sciences and law 7,095 6,165 795 530 65 50 150 135
Business, management and public administration 19,930 18,290 1,510 970 130 160 245 135
Physical and life sciences and technologies 4,065 2,855 960 430 130 200 205 250
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 3,330 2,740 450 215 55 60 115 140
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 17,990 15,630 2,130 1,440 150 175 365 225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2,640 2,245 325 125 55 95 50 70
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 16,295 14,350 1,770 1,220 140 165 245 180
Personal, protective and transportation services 5,895 5,550 325 210 35 25 55 15
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 47 187,690 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,670 1,990 2,515 2,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 92,630 85,195 6,635 4,125 775 860 870 800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 95,060 83,770 9,985 6,320 890 1,130 1,640 1,305
Inside Canada 87,440 82,290 4,860 3,725 400 390 345 285
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 160 140 20 10 0 10 0 0
Prince-Edward-Island 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 380 340 30 30 0 10 0 0
New Brunswick 155 140 15 0 0 0 10 0
Quebec 640 535 105 90 0 0 10 0
Ontario 3,375 2,995 375 295 35 30 15 10
Manitoba 2,715 2,580 110 95 10 0 10 20
Saskatchewan 73,280 69,325 3,700 2,825 310 290 270 245
Alberta 4,985 4,640 335 270 35 25 10 10
British Columbia 1,715 1,530 180 125 0 20 25 0
Yukon Territory 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 48 7,625 1,480 5,125 2,595 495 740 1,300 1,025
United States of America 1,915 1,095 695 500 40 55 105 130
United KingdomFootnote 49 1,085 195 770 610 15 20 125 125
India 405 10 310 140 0 45 120 90
Philippines 575 0 545 230 90 155 70 25
China, People's Republic of 650 0 475 20 55 130 260 175
Germany 200 10 175 160 0 0 10 20
France 90 25 40 20 15 10 0 25
Poland 180 0 175 135 30 0 0 0
Pakistan 65 10 60 20 0 10 35 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 50 20 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Other 2,440 150 1,865 755 230 295 580 430
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 51 187,695 168,965 16,615 10,445 1,665 1,990 2,515 2,110
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 52 54,135 47,085 5,975 4,100 380 395 1,095 1,075
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 53 73,480 67,155 5,935 3,825 670 820 620 395
Average employment income $ 48,871 48,508 53,252 60,973 40,169 41,809 34,818 44,710
Median employment income $ 39,400 39,480 38,897 43,137 35,975 34,593 29,558 25,031
Standard error of average employment income $ 787 828 2,635 3,991 2,054 2,480 2,356 5,420
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 54 60,075 54,725 4,710 2,520 620 770 805 645
Average employment income $ 20,391 20,161 23,667 29,024 21,514 15,020 16,797 15,943
Median employment income $ 11,870 11,808 13,211 16,940 12,881 10,588 9,078 10,785
Standard error of average employment income $ 424 455 1,108 1,792 1,988 1,140 2,502 2,512
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 55 187,695 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,665 1,985 2,515 2,110
Without employment income 46,665 40,610 5,165 3,625 330 335 875 895
With employment incomeFootnote 56 141,025 128,355 11,455 6,825 1,340 1,650 1,645 1,215
Under $5,000Footnote 57 20,180 18,185 1,675 880 165 225 405 320
$5,000 to $9,999 15,215 13,855 1,210 485 175 250 300 145
$10,000 to $19,999 23,410 21,340 1,795 945 245 310 295 280
$20,000 to $29,999 19,455 17,545 1,730 950 245 300 235 175
$30,000 to $39,999 18,210 16,705 1,395 945 140 155 160 110
$40,000 to $49,999 13,810 12,845 925 590 125 110 100 45
$50,000 to $59,999 9,520 8,905 575 370 45 110 45 40
$60,000 to $74,999 10,530 9,670 850 625 65 105 55 15
$75,000 and over 10,680 9,300 1,295 1,030 130 80 60 80
Average employment income $Footnote 58 34,780 34,577 38,099 45,772 30,389 28,262 22,364 24,948
Median employment income $Footnote 59 25,702 25,895 25,649 31,389 22,912 20,993 13,765 14,367
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 60 457 484 1,475 2,382 1,477 1,534 1,651 2,389
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 90.2 90.3 89.0 88.1 92.6 93.1 89.3 93.1
Employment income % 77.8 78.3 73.0 69.4 86.4 89.6 75.7 81.7
Wages and salaries % 73.0 73.6 66.9 63.6 80.6 83.0 66.5 74.4
Self-employment income % 4.9 4.7 6.2 5.8 5.8 6.8 9.1 5.9
Investment income % 4.1 4.0 5.9 7.0 3.3 1.1 2.7 2.1
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 6.3 6.2 7.4 9.5 0.3 1.1 1.6 0.2
Other money income % 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.5 9.3 9.3
Government transfer payments % 9.8 9.7 11.1 12.0 7.6 6.9 10.7 7.0
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 2.7 2.6 3.8 4.8 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.5
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 3.2 3.1 3.9 5.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.5
Child benefits % 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 2.6 2.3 4.4 1.8
Employment Insurance benefits % 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5
Other income from government sources % 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 2.2 3.6 2.7
Income taxes paid % 17.8 17.8 18.5 19.6 15.4 15.2 14.0 16.0
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 62 187,695 168,965 16,620 10,450 1,670 1,990 2,515 2,110
Without wages and salaries 56,650 49,545 6,190 4,375 395 475 945 915
With wages and salaries 131,040 119,415 10,430 6,080 1,270 1,515 1,570 1,190
Under $5,000 17,425 15,720 1,400 630 185 220 365 310
$5,000 to $9,999 13,820 12,640 1,030 350 155 225 305 145
$10,000 to $19,999 21,645 19,730 1,630 845 240 265 275 285
$20,000 to $29,999 18,195 16,405 1,605 880 205 280 240 180
$30,000 to $39,999 17,415 15,940 1,370 915 145 155 155 105
$40,000 to $49,999 13,375 12,460 870 565 115 100 95 45
$50,000 to $59,999 9,160 8,570 555 350 45 105 55 35
$60,000 and over 20,010 17,950 1,970 1,535 190 165 80 90
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 63 35,090 34,928 38,308 47,121 29,810 28,436 20,582 23,247
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 64 26,771 26,896 26,997 33,021 22,034 21,066 13,784 14,368
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 65 473 500 1,572 2,613 1,493 1,594 1,195 2,047
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 66 187,695 168,970 16,615 10,450 1,665 1,990 2,515 2,110
Without income 8,425 7,415 750 100 95 100 445 265
With income 179,270 161,555 15,870 10,350 1,575 1,885 2,065 1,845
Under $5,000Footnote 67 17,195 15,115 1,430 585 215 285 345 650
$5,000 to $9,999 17,890 16,205 1,470 675 170 225 395 210
$10,000 to $19,999 36,900 33,060 3,430 2,230 325 395 475 405
$20,000 to $29,999 27,575 24,710 2,655 1,710 275 350 325 205
$30,000 to $39,999 25,255 22,985 2,120 1,545 180 195 200 155
$40,000 to $49,999 17,485 16,080 1,335 940 125 125 150 65
$50,000 to $79,999 26,360 24,155 2,125 1,575 190 235 125 75
$80,000 and over 10,610 9,245 1,295 1,080 90 75 50 70
Average income $Footnote 68 35,147 35,071 37,660 43,510 29,923 27,625 23,410 20,166
Median income $Footnote 69 26,112 26,409 25,649 29,875 23,167 20,666 15,184 11,197
Standard error of average income $Footnote 70 411 441 1,143 1,691 1,397 1,364 1,385 1,651
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 71 230,040 209,895 17,765 10,420 1,715 2,280 3,350 2,385
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 72 191,545 174,855 15,160 8,415 1,595 2,030 3,120 1,530
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 22,475 20,210 1,840 345 0 0 1,130 420
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.7 11.6 12.2 4.1 0.0 0.0 36.2 27.5
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 16,580 14,810 1,415 235 0 0 880 360
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.7 8.5 9.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 28.4 23.2
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 38,500 35,040 2,605 2,005 0 255 0 855
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 14,960 13,265 990 710 0 75 0 705
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 38.8 37.9 38.0 35.2 0.0 30.0 0.0 82.5
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 11,580 10,240 670 415 0 75 0 665
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 30.1 29.2 25.8 20.7 0.0 30.0 0.0 77.8

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 3

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 5

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 6

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 7

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 8

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 11

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 12

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 13

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 14

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 16

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 17

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 18

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 22

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 23

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 26

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 27

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 48

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 49

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 52

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 53

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 55

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 56

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 57

Including loss.

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Footnote 58

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 62

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 67

Including loss.

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Footnote 68

For persons with income.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 72

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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