2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in CalgaryFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 3 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 4 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 5
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 871,410 625,740 235,750 127,455 30,145 32,065 46,080 9,915
Never legally married (single) 304,200 253,600 46,260 18,560 8,040 8,470 11,190 4,335
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 441,765 281,880 155,075 83,875 18,770 20,945 31,485 4,815
Separated, but still legally married 23,990 17,195 6,495 3,800 770 815 1,110 295
Divorced 68,275 53,020 14,930 11,230 1,335 1,040 1,315 330
Widowed 33,185 20,055 12,990 9,985 1,230 785 980 145
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 1,067,665 803,565 252,270 127,040 30,895 36,440 57,900 11,830
Number of family persons 880,630 657,975 214,915 103,580 27,100 32,790 51,440 7,735
Husbands or wives 435,040 279,440 151,520 82,690 18,285 20,305 30,240 4,075
Common-law partners 71,215 60,900 9,390 5,685 1,210 905 1,590 925
Lone parents 42,220 29,770 12,160 7,860 1,470 1,405 1,425 295
Children in census families 332,160 287,855 41,855 7,345 6,135 10,180 18,190 2,445
Number of persons not in census families 187,040 145,585 37,355 23,455 3,795 3,645 6,455 4,095
Living with relatives 26,680 16,695 9,095 4,210 1,190 1,270 2,430 890
Living with non-relatives only 56,810 46,625 7,890 3,595 960 1,055 2,285 2,300
Living alone 103,545 82,270 20,370 15,645 1,650 1,325 1,740 910
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 9 1,056,385 791,940 252,680 127,455 30,920 36,450 57,865 11,760
Non-movers 842,885 639,460 198,130 112,615 25,465 28,205 31,845 5,295
Movers 213,500 152,485 54,555 14,840 5,450 8,245 26,015 6,465
Non-migrants 144,860 108,025 34,665 10,990 4,185 6,025 13,465 2,165
Migrants 68,640 44,455 19,885 3,845 1,265 2,220 12,555 4,300
Internal migrants 52,240 41,325 10,135 3,275 1,070 1,780 4,010 780
Intraprovincial migrants 22,175 18,915 2,920 1,280 400 460 780 345
Interprovincial migrants 30,060 22,410 7,215 1,990 675 1,320 3,230 440
External migrants 16,400 3,135 9,755 565 200 440 8,545 3,515
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 10 1,004,470 742,550 250,730 127,450 30,915 36,450 55,910 11,185
Non-movers 480,615 368,975 110,900 81,030 14,605 11,960 3,310 740
Movers 523,855 373,575 139,830 46,425 16,315 24,490 52,600 10,450
Non-migrants 323,745 249,870 72,765 34,465 12,565 17,905 7,825 1,115
Migrants 200,105 123,705 67,060 11,960 3,750 6,580 44,775 9,335
Internal migrants 137,275 115,170 21,600 10,115 3,185 5,360 2,940 500
Intraprovincial migrants 56,870 49,495 7,300 4,285 1,030 1,220 760 80
Interprovincial migrants 80,405 65,680 14,300 5,830 2,155 4,140 2,180 425
External migrants 62,830 8,535 45,460 1,845 565 1,220 41,835 8,835
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 11 1,070,300 805,645 252,770 127,455 30,920 36,450 57,945 11,885
English 797,555 732,770 61,300 42,500 4,600 5,995 8,210 3,480
French 16,310 14,415 1,635 920 170 235 320 260
Non-official language 242,895 51,190 183,880 81,615 25,290 29,120 47,850 7,830
English and French 1,845 1,700 125 75 20 25 10 20
English and non-official language 10,925 5,415 5,225 2,070 770 955 1,425 285
French and non-official language 600 80 515 225 60 110 120 0
English, French and non-official language 165 80 85 55 0 15 10 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 12 1,070,295 805,645 252,765 127,460 30,920 36,450 57,940 11,880
English 906,280 775,505 124,560 83,295 10,840 13,405 17,030 6,210
French 4,810 3,770 865 360 75 195 235 170
Non-official language 138,340 20,705 112,710 38,365 17,375 20,165 36,795 4,925
English and French 995 715 210 125 30 20 35 65
English and non-official language 19,485 4,840 14,145 5,270 2,565 2,600 3,710 490
French and non-official language 250 15 220 30 20 60 115 20
English, French and non-official language 145 90 50 10 20 0 25 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 13 1,070,295 805,645 252,770 127,455 30,920 36,450 57,945 11,880
English only 964,790 732,205 222,365 113,405 26,235 32,415 50,315 10,220
French only 595 320 220 80 20 0 120 50
English and French 84,085 69,575 13,680 7,860 1,565 1,880 2,380 825
Neither English nor French 20,830 3,545 16,495 6,110 3,105 2,150 5,130 785
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 14 709,945 524,095 178,775 90,550 24,065 26,540 37,615 7,075
English 695,695 521,415 167,890 87,205 21,990 24,745 33,950 6,395
French 1,535 1,280 235 100 25 15 90 20
Non-official language 8,340 280 7,560 2,055 1,430 1,175 2,900 495
English and French 1,080 760 315 170 40 25 80 10
English and non-official language 3,210 320 2,740 1,015 570 580 575 150
French and non-official language 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 10
English, French and non-official language 70 30 35 10 10 0 15 10
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 15 1,070,295 805,645 252,765 127,460 30,915 36,450 57,940 11,880
Canadian citizens 984,015 805,645 178,370 115,110 26,805 28,235 8,215 0
Canadian citizens only 950,865 797,495 153,370 101,260 22,970 22,855 6,285 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 33,155 8,155 25,000 13,850 3,835 5,385 1,930 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 16 86,280 0 74,400 12,345 4,110 8,215 49,725 11,880
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 17 252,770 0 252,770 127,455 30,920 36,455 57,940 0
Under 5 years 22,355 0 22,355 13,760 1,580 2,645 4,375 0
5 to 14 years 45,595 0 45,600 24,830 4,825 6,350 9,585 0
15 to 24 years 55,755 0 55,755 35,520 6,255 5,695 8,280 0
25 to 44 years 105,190 0 105,190 46,285 13,275 16,935 28,685 0
45 years and over 23,870 0 23,875 7,060 4,975 4,825 7,010 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 18 1,070,295 805,645 252,770 127,455 30,915 36,450 57,945 11,885
Total visible minority populationFootnote 19 237,890 73,020 157,060 60,880 23,855 27,160 45,170 7,810
Chinese 66,380 20,280 44,760 20,470 7,120 6,310 10,850 1,335
South AsianFootnote 20 57,700 16,915 39,720 13,675 5,725 8,530 11,795 1,065
Black 21,055 8,285 12,005 3,895 1,275 2,210 4,620 765
Filipino 25,565 6,365 18,100 5,375 3,595 3,450 5,685 1,095
Latin American 13,410 2,550 9,965 4,360 1,605 1,030 2,970 900
Southeast AsianFootnote 21 15,750 4,730 10,665 6,330 2,120 850 1,360 355
Arab 11,660 4,905 6,240 2,220 940 1,415 1,670 515
West AsianFootnote 22 6,010 875 4,995 825 360 1,475 2,330 140
Korean 6,835 895 4,870 845 385 1,180 2,455 1,070
Japanese 4,675 3,250 1,060 495 70 165 330 370
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 23 1,985 625 1,315 505 115 150 535 45
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 24 6,860 3,340 3,375 1,880 545 395 560 145
Not a visible minorityFootnote 25 832,405 732,625 95,710 66,575 7,065 9,295 12,770 4,070
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 26 871,405 625,740 235,745 127,460 30,145 32,065 46,080 9,920
1st generationFootnote 27 248,610 3,155 235,540 127,310 30,130 32,030 46,070 9,920
2nd generationFootnote 28 171,135 170,920 210 150 15 35 15 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 29 451,660 451,665 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 30 871,410 625,745 235,750 127,455 30,150 32,065 46,080 9,915
In the labour force 658,510 485,350 166,835 85,215 22,505 24,745 34,370 6,325
Employed 632,020 466,290 159,820 82,790 21,585 23,465 31,980 5,905
Unemployed 26,490 19,060 7,010 2,425 915 1,280 2,395 420
Not in the labour force 212,900 140,395 68,910 42,240 7,645 7,320 11,710 3,595
Participation rate 75.6 77.6 70.8 66.9 74.6 77.2 74.6 63.8
Employment rate 72.5 74.5 67.8 65.0 71.6 73.2 69.4 59.6
Unemployment rate 4.0 3.9 4.2 2.8 4.1 5.2 7.0 6.6
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 31 658,510 485,350 166,835 85,215 22,500 24,745 34,370 6,325
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 32 5,005 3,020 1,895 580 210 290 810 90
All classes of workerFootnote 33 653,510 482,325 164,945 84,640 22,295 24,455 33,560 6,230
Wage earners 573,390 424,450 142,985 70,435 19,755 21,780 31,015 5,950
Self-employedFootnote 34 78,870 57,005 21,595 14,015 2,500 2,620 2,460 275
Unpaid family workers 1,245 875 365 190 35 55 80 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 35 658,510 485,350 166,835 85,215 22,500 24,750 34,375 6,325
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 36 5,005 3,020 1,890 575 210 285 815 90
All industriesFootnote 37 653,505 482,330 164,945 84,635 22,290 24,460 33,555 6,230
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 3,760 3,255 490 305 70 50 65 20
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 42,390 33,390 8,470 4,670 830 1,240 1,730 530
22 Utilities 6,630 5,355 1,255 790 130 180 155 20
23 Construction 53,670 43,835 9,500 5,345 1,285 1,295 1,575 335
31-33 Manufacturing 48,665 29,680 18,495 8,485 2,925 2,895 4,195 490
41 Wholesale trade 31,440 24,275 6,965 3,580 950 1,040 1,400 200
44-45 Retail trade 68,575 51,330 16,775 7,925 2,385 2,650 3,815 470
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 37,235 28,090 8,935 4,850 1,320 1,375 1,390 200
51 Information and cultural industries 17,360 13,845 3,445 1,855 470 545 575 70
52 Finance and insurance 25,035 19,135 5,790 3,445 765 705 875 110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,665 11,030 3,575 2,175 405 495 505 55
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 75,810 54,690 20,295 10,050 2,195 3,215 4,835 840
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,375 1,040 330 200 55 45 30 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 27,135 18,855 8,055 3,255 1,025 1,400 2,375 220
61 Educational services 37,960 29,345 7,960 4,920 725 1,030 1,280 655
62 Health care and social assistance 55,860 40,320 15,080 8,300 1,985 2,180 2,615 455
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 14,460 11,815 2,520 1,300 385 310 530 115
72 Accommodation and food services 42,685 27,200 14,950 6,015 2,765 2,375 3,790 540
81 Other services (except public administration) 29,485 19,835 8,790 4,760 1,300 1,160 1,570 865
91 Public administration 19,320 16,015 3,260 2,410 320 275 250 45
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 38 658,510 485,350 166,835 85,215 22,505 24,745 34,370 6,325
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 39 5,000 3,020 1,895 580 210 290 810 95
All occupationsFootnote 40 653,505 482,330 164,945 84,635 22,290 24,460 33,555 6,230
A Management occupations 72,105 55,430 16,145 10,585 1,820 1,905 1,835 525
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 132,360 103,045 28,600 16,190 3,535 3,955 4,925 710
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 72,900 49,520 22,365 10,145 2,415 3,990 5,815 1,020
D Health occupations 33,350 23,995 9,120 4,990 1,230 1,260 1,635 240
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 47,955 37,265 9,900 5,735 1,010 1,525 1,625 790
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 19,150 15,655 3,325 2,015 385 385 550 170
G Sales and service occupations 147,810 103,360 42,495 18,650 6,610 6,595 10,640 1,950
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 95,370 73,425 21,370 11,650 3,195 3,025 3,500 575
I Occupations unique to primary industry 12,635 11,145 1,435 815 170 145 305 55
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 19,865 9,485 10,185 3,870 1,920 1,665 2,725 195
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 41 871,410 625,740 235,745 127,460 30,145 32,065 46,080 9,920
No certificate, diploma or degree 157,945 110,460 46,275 25,270 7,165 5,815 8,020 1,210
Certificate, diploma or degree 713,465 515,280 189,475 102,185 22,980 26,250 38,055 8,705
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 42 223,710 170,110 51,775 28,160 7,775 7,535 8,305 1,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 74,170 55,265 18,505 13,385 2,085 1,420 1,615 400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 43 156,995 122,375 33,450 22,170 3,670 3,510 4,095 1,170
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 44 43,035 25,875 16,410 7,770 2,255 2,650 3,730 745
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 45 215,555 141,650 69,335 30,695 7,200 11,130 20,315 4,565
Bachelor's degree 150,715 105,400 42,610 19,180 4,770 6,460 12,200 2,700
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15,585 9,425 5,765 2,530 550 955 1,730 400
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 5,380 3,035 2,245 1,100 320 300 525 100
Master's degree 36,980 20,580 15,325 6,155 1,170 2,795 5,205 1,080
Earned doctorate 6,900 3,215 3,400 1,735 390 620 655 285
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 46 489,755 345,175 137,705 74,025 15,210 18,710 29,755 6,880
Education 32,660 24,475 7,820 4,865 840 860 1,245 365
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,820 12,990 3,660 2,265 370 435 585 175
Humanities 22,375 14,615 7,390 3,405 880 1,200 1,915 370
Social and behavioural sciences and law 48,525 35,505 12,370 6,505 1,610 1,605 2,655 650
Business, management and public administration 111,890 81,320 28,980 15,810 3,285 3,945 5,945 1,580
Physical and life sciences and technologies 23,690 14,805 8,320 3,975 880 1,415 2,045 565
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 21,755 13,940 7,290 3,195 880 1,255 1,960 520
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 121,175 79,750 39,700 21,010 3,730 5,605 9,355 1,720
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 7,730 5,795 1,870 990 195 255 430 65
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 61,905 45,760 15,410 8,830 1,855 1,700 3,030 730
Personal, protective and transportation services 21,205 16,195 4,870 3,185 680 420 585 135
Other fields of studyFootnote 47 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 48 871,405 625,740 235,745 127,455 30,145 32,060 46,080 9,915
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 381,655 280,565 98,050 53,430 14,940 13,350 16,325 3,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 489,755 345,175 137,700 74,020 15,205 18,715 29,750 6,880
Inside Canada 395,580 334,000 60,430 44,980 6,655 5,160 3,640 1,150
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 3,770 3,630 105 75 20 10 0 35
Prince-Edward-Island 730 720 10 10 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 7,195 6,645 510 375 20 45 70 40
New Brunswick 3,355 3,110 235 145 15 40 30 10
Quebec 9,495 7,680 1,790 1,330 125 135 195 25
Ontario 37,715 32,140 5,515 4,355 430 440 295 70
Manitoba 13,955 12,245 1,700 1,405 155 85 50 10
Saskatchewan 23,400 22,035 1,325 1,050 105 85 80 45
Alberta 273,100 226,005 46,225 33,865 5,480 4,085 2,795 875
British Columbia 22,590 19,570 2,975 2,320 305 230 130 50
Yukon Territory 100 85 20 10 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 135 125 15 10 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 25 15 10 15 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 49 94,175 11,175 77,270 29,045 8,555 13,555 26,110 5,730
United States of America 15,750 8,945 5,885 3,480 525 730 1,160 915
United KingdomFootnote 50 11,785 1,245 9,865 6,990 605 855 1,420 670
India 7,460 25 7,225 1,880 1,125 1,690 2,530 210
Philippines 10,360 0 9,420 2,685 1,705 1,740 3,285 940
China, People's Republic of 8,270 10 8,040 625 510 1,610 5,300 225
Germany 2,335 65 2,175 1,800 60 170 145 100
France 585 50 455 180 50 120 105 85
Poland 2,350 0 2,320 1,625 350 205 150 25
Pakistan 2,895 10 2,790 340 200 700 1,545 105
Korea, SouthFootnote 51 2,360 0 1,905 210 135 480 1,075 455
Other 30,025 840 27,185 9,230 3,300 5,270 9,390 1,995
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 52 871,405 625,740 235,750 127,455 30,145 32,065 46,085 9,920
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 53 209,990 133,945 72,155 42,810 7,515 7,540 14,290 3,890
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 54 372,205 280,410 89,120 52,145 12,245 12,210 12,515 2,675
Average employment income $ 66,909 69,966 57,401 65,473 44,935 50,397 42,804 63,221
Median employment income $ 46,189 48,260 40,309 45,024 34,670 36,572 33,300 30,613
Standard error of average employment income $ 507 617 823 1,266 1,194 2,098 823 5,935
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 55 289,210 211,385 74,470 32,500 10,385 12,315 19,270 3,350
Average employment income $ 29,897 30,426 28,498 38,920 23,219 22,581 17,545 27,628
Median employment income $ 15,048 14,788 16,173 21,409 16,010 14,240 11,418 14,513
Standard error of average employment income $ 455 495 1,072 2,408 579 671 320 1,773
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 56 871,410 625,740 235,745 127,455 30,145 32,065 46,085 9,915
Without employment income 174,165 109,935 60,865 36,950 6,270 5,985 11,660 3,360
With employment incomeFootnote 57 697,245 515,800 174,885 90,510 23,875 26,075 34,420 6,555
Under $5,000Footnote 58 86,755 63,870 21,825 8,720 2,700 3,470 6,935 1,050
$5,000 to $9,999 59,560 42,805 15,965 5,900 2,530 2,985 4,555 790
$10,000 to $19,999 98,980 68,630 28,695 12,255 4,390 4,785 7,265 1,660
$20,000 to $29,999 86,925 60,380 25,720 12,260 4,140 4,110 5,210 820
$30,000 to $39,999 85,050 62,095 22,530 12,170 3,540 3,165 3,655 430
$40,000 to $49,999 69,225 52,110 16,700 10,060 2,265 2,370 2,010 415
$50,000 to $59,999 51,465 40,465 10,735 6,560 1,365 1,380 1,435 260
$60,000 to $74,999 55,625 43,920 11,470 7,635 1,125 1,380 1,330 235
$75,000 and over 103,665 81,525 21,245 14,970 1,825 2,420 2,025 900
Average employment income $Footnote 59 48,931 51,230 42,376 52,814 33,795 35,025 26,454 42,895
Median employment income $Footnote 60 31,572 33,296 28,006 34,846 25,136 24,068 17,370 18,039
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 61 335 398 627 1,143 680 1,051 383 3,029
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 94.7 95.5 91.7 91.4 91.3 94.0 92.1 94.8
Employment income % 83.5 84.4 80.2 76.7 86.5 88.1 87.6 90.0
Wages and salaries % 79.0 79.9 75.7 72.3 81.3 83.5 83.7 87.3
Self-employment income % 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 5.1 4.6 3.9 2.8
Investment income % 5.6 5.6 5.9 7.4 2.8 3.4 2.1 2.1
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 3.3 3.3 3.6 4.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5
Other money income % 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 1.2 1.9 1.7 2.1
Government transfer payments % 5.3 4.5 8.3 8.6 8.7 6.0 7.9 5.2
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 1.4 1.0 2.5 3.2 2.8 0.5 0.1 0.7
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 1.6 1.5 2.1 3.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3
Child benefits % 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.2 3.2 1.5
Employment Insurance benefits % 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.5 2.0 0.7
Other income from government sources % 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.4 2.0
Income taxes paid % 20.1 20.8 17.5 18.9 14.5 15.4 13.3 19.3
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 63 871,410 625,745 235,750 127,460 30,145 32,065 46,080 9,915
Without wages and salaries 222,560 144,255 74,730 45,830 7,935 7,740 13,225 3,575
With wages and salaries 648,845 481,490 161,015 81,625 22,205 24,330 32,855 6,345
Under $5,000 77,190 57,165 19,015 6,475 2,525 3,335 6,680 1,015
$5,000 to $9,999 54,015 38,990 14,260 4,940 2,310 2,685 4,320 770
$10,000 to $19,999 89,355 62,570 25,170 10,310 3,910 4,220 6,730 1,615
$20,000 to $29,999 80,110 55,560 23,770 11,035 3,845 3,850 5,050 780
$30,000 to $39,999 80,610 58,715 21,475 11,445 3,400 3,055 3,580 410
$40,000 to $49,999 66,220 49,830 15,990 9,670 2,215 2,225 1,880 400
$50,000 to $59,999 49,550 39,030 10,270 6,250 1,240 1,375 1,405 250
$60,000 and over 151,795 119,630 31,060 21,500 2,765 3,590 3,210 1,105
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 64 49,762 51,951 43,483 55,208 34,173 35,598 26,484 42,946
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 65 32,595 34,232 29,174 36,645 25,675 24,777 17,581 18,026
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 66 348 418 621 1,143 718 1,119 388 3,122
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 67 871,405 625,740 235,745 127,460 30,145 32,065 46,080 9,920
Without income 35,480 24,480 10,065 1,925 755 1,605 5,775 935
With income 835,930 601,260 225,685 125,530 29,390 30,460 40,300 8,985
Under $5,000Footnote 68 83,850 58,830 22,790 7,550 3,090 4,340 7,815 2,235
$5,000 to $9,999 64,885 44,705 19,140 7,440 2,965 3,275 5,455 1,040
$10,000 to $19,999 143,970 93,245 48,660 26,395 7,125 6,030 9,110 2,065
$20,000 to $29,999 113,190 76,575 35,475 19,520 4,875 4,800 6,285 1,140
$30,000 to $39,999 107,075 77,405 29,140 16,820 4,150 3,895 4,280 530
$40,000 to $49,999 81,335 60,695 20,145 12,785 2,560 2,580 2,230 490
$50,000 to $79,999 138,190 108,490 29,050 19,450 2,940 3,375 3,280 655
$80,000 and over 103,430 81,315 21,285 15,565 1,690 2,175 1,855 830
Average income $Footnote 69 48,878 52,062 40,958 49,663 31,756 34,046 25,780 34,744
Median income $Footnote 70 30,831 33,264 26,016 30,826 22,890 23,050 17,358 16,321
Standard error of average income $Footnote 71 336 405 612 1,047 573 1,108 350 2,267
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 72 1,067,375 803,345 252,200 127,035 30,895 36,440 57,830 11,825
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 73 907,310 674,670 224,015 107,790 28,285 34,060 53,875 8,620
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 91,615 56,290 32,675 7,610 3,410 5,410 16,245 2,645
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 10.1 8.3 14.6 7.1 12.0 15.9 30.2 30.7
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 69,300 42,220 24,705 5,390 2,405 3,925 12,985 2,375
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 7.6 6.3 11.0 5.0 8.5 11.5 24.1 27.5
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 160,065 128,675 28,190 19,245 2,605 2,380 3,960 3,205
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 51,265 38,125 10,920 6,850 1,080 860 2,130 2,220
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 32.0 29.6 38.7 35.6 41.3 36.3 53.8 69.4
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 40,920 30,635 8,335 4,730 915 765 1,925 1,945
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 25.6 23.8 29.6 24.6 35.1 32.1 48.7 60.6

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

2001 adjusted count; most of these are the result of boundary changes.

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Footnote 3

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 5

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 11

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 14

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 17

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 18

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 22

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 23

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 25

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 27

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 30

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 31

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 32

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 33

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 34

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 35

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 36

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 37

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 38

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 39

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 40

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 41

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 42

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 43

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 44

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 45

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 46

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 47

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 48

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 51

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 52

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 53

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 55

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 56

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 57

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 58

Including loss.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 62

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 63

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 67

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 68

Including loss.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

For persons with income.

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Footnote 72

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 73

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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