2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in ChilliwackFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 3 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 4 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 5
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 63,920 53,030 10,635 8,680 570 745 640 260
Never legally married (single) 18,015 16,725 1,180 675 145 215 140 115
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 34,300 26,910 7,265 6,005 310 470 475 130
Separated, but still legally married 2,435 2,085 350 310 30 15 0 0
Divorced 5,220 4,400 810 730 50 30 0 10
Widowed 3,955 2,915 1,030 960 45 15 15 10
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 79,800 68,420 11,060 8,620 595 1,040 800 325
Number of family persons 67,980 58,685 9,040 6,835 485 955 760 255
Husbands or wives 33,960 26,685 7,155 5,910 305 475 470 125
Common-law partners 5,400 4,940 445 380 30 0 30 15
Lone parents 3,520 3,090 410 350 30 10 20 20
Children in census families 25,095 23,970 1,030 190 130 470 240 95
Number of persons not in census families 11,820 9,725 2,020 1,785 110 85 45 70
Living with relatives 1,370 1,165 195 155 30 0 10 15
Living with non-relatives only 2,475 2,090 340 280 15 10 25 50
Living alone 7,980 6,480 1,485 1,345 60 70 0 10
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 9 79,100 67,640 11,125 8,675 600 1,045 805 330
Non-movers 65,115 55,400 9,660 7,790 510 830 530 50
Movers 13,985 12,240 1,465 890 95 215 270 280
Non-migrants 8,495 7,705 750 440 55 140 115 40
Migrants 5,490 4,535 720 445 40 75 160 235
Internal migrants 5,005 4,415 575 440 25 40 65 20
Intraprovincial migrants 3,975 3,510 465 370 15 15 60 0
Interprovincial migrants 1,030 905 110 70 10 20 10 15
External migrants 490 125 140 0 0 35 90 220
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 10 75,315 63,895 11,090 8,680 605 1,040 765 320
Non-movers 38,010 32,130 5,875 5,200 300 275 100 10
Movers 37,300 31,770 5,220 3,480 305 765 670 315
Non-migrants 19,625 17,295 2,300 1,750 105 340 115 30
Migrants 17,675 14,470 2,915 1,735 200 430 555 280
Internal migrants 16,550 14,175 2,365 1,690 170 395 110 10
Intraprovincial migrants 13,740 11,760 1,970 1,480 120 280 95 10
Interprovincial migrants 2,815 2,420 390 210 55 110 15 0
External migrants 1,120 300 550 45 30 40 445 275
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 11 80,125 68,665 11,130 8,675 605 1,040 800 330
English 68,365 63,755 4,455 3,760 185 245 265 150
French 985 900 90 75 20 0 0 0
Non-official language 10,260 3,635 6,450 4,735 400 795 530 175
English and French 120 115 0 10 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 370 255 115 100 0 0 10 10
French and non-official language 15 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 12 80,125 68,670 11,130 8,680 605 1,045 805 330
English 76,855 67,575 9,105 7,805 365 480 455 175
French 295 245 45 15 25 0 10 0
Non-official language 2,600 715 1,745 750 190 510 295 140
English and French 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 345 95 235 115 30 50 45 10
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 13 80,125 68,670 11,130 8,680 605 1,045 805 330
English only 75,820 64,990 10,510 8,240 525 995 745 315
French only 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
English and French 4,065 3,545 515 400 45 40 25 10
Neither English nor French 215 110 100 35 35 10 30 0
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 14 44,070 37,995 5,895 4,380 455 545 510 185
English 43,710 37,835 5,695 4,295 420 510 475 180
French 70 70 0 10 0 0 0 0
Non-official language 145 30 110 30 20 25 40 0
English and French 45 25 25 10 0 10 0 0
English and non-official language 90 30 60 40 15 0 0 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 15 80,125 68,665 11,130 8,680 605 1,045 805 330
Canadian citizens 77,395 68,665 8,730 7,470 495 615 150 0
Canadian citizens only 76,180 68,315 7,860 6,890 435 455 80 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 1,215 350 870 585 55 155 65 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 16 2,735 0 2,400 1,205 115 430 650 330
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 17 11,130 0 11,125 8,680 605 1,045 800 0
Under 5 years 1,615 0 1,615 1,320 65 170 60 0
5 to 14 years 2,390 0 2,390 1,835 105 305 145 0
15 to 24 years 2,680 0 2,675 2,365 140 85 90 0
25 to 44 years 3,975 0 3,975 2,950 225 385 410 0
45 years and over 475 0 475 210 65 90 105 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 18 80,125 68,665 11,130 8,680 600 1,040 805 330
Total visible minority populationFootnote 19 3,350 1,465 1,790 715 305 410 360 95
Chinese 705 285 390 105 80 115 90 25
South AsianFootnote 20 565 285 285 110 30 85 65 0
Black 305 170 115 20 40 40 10 25
Filipino 140 40 95 50 20 0 15 10
Latin American 480 150 325 155 60 45 60 10
Southeast AsianFootnote 21 255 80 170 100 20 35 15 10
Arab 40 10 30 10 0 20 0 0
West AsianFootnote 22 90 15 75 15 10 35 15 0
Korean 235 70 145 15 30 20 80 25
Japanese 270 220 50 25 0 0 15 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 23 40 15 25 25 0 0 0 0
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 24 225 135 90 85 0 0 0 0
Not a visible minorityFootnote 25 76,775 67,200 9,340 7,960 305 630 445 235
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 26 63,925 53,030 10,635 8,680 570 745 635 260
1st generationFootnote 27 11,060 180 10,620 8,670 575 745 635 260
2nd generationFootnote 28 16,380 16,375 10 10 0 0 0 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 29 36,475 36,475 10 10 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 30 63,925 53,025 10,635 8,675 575 745 640 260
In the labour force 40,605 35,160 5,325 3,945 420 510 455 120
Employed 38,385 33,200 5,080 3,790 380 480 430 100
Unemployed 2,215 1,960 250 150 40 25 25 10
Not in the labour force 23,315 17,870 5,300 4,730 155 240 180 145
Participation rate 63.5 66.3 50.1 45.5 73.0 68.5 71.1 46.2
Employment rate 60.0 62.6 47.8 43.7 66.1 64.4 67.2 38.5
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.6 4.7 3.8 9.5 4.9 5.5 8.3
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 31 40,605 35,160 5,330 3,945 420 505 455 120
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 32 585 480 100 60 15 10 15 10
All classes of workerFootnote 33 40,020 34,685 5,230 3,890 405 500 435 110
Wage earners 34,020 29,895 4,015 2,935 330 405 355 105
Self-employedFootnote 34 5,860 4,670 1,185 930 80 95 80 10
Unpaid family workers 135 105 30 25 0 0 0 0
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 35 40,605 35,160 5,330 3,945 420 510 455 115
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 36 585 480 95 60 15 10 20 10
All industriesFootnote 37 40,025 34,680 5,230 3,890 405 500 435 110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,570 2,020 545 400 55 50 35 0
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 170 165 10 10 0 10 0 0
22 Utilities 145 130 10 10 0 0 0 0
23 Construction 4,085 3,595 480 385 25 20 50 15
31-33 Manufacturing 3,950 3,375 570 415 60 60 35 0
41 Wholesale trade 1,405 1,245 160 135 10 10 15 0
44-45 Retail trade 4,810 4,260 545 325 25 130 60 0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,710 1,500 205 140 25 0 35 0
51 Information and cultural industries 360 350 10 0 0 0 0 0
52 Finance and insurance 1,025 925 105 75 10 10 0 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 850 725 125 100 0 15 10 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,925 1,640 285 190 15 55 25 0
55 Management of companies and enterprises 25 20 10 10 0 0 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 1,835 1,620 215 160 10 25 25 0
61 Educational services 2,960 2,505 435 385 25 20 10 20
62 Health care and social assistance 3,620 3,020 575 435 50 55 35 20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 730 655 75 65 10 0 0 0
72 Accommodation and food services 2,810 2,550 260 175 50 0 40 10
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,215 1,910 280 200 30 10 50 25
91 Public administration 2,825 2,460 335 275 15 25 20 20
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 38 40,605 35,160 5,325 3,945 425 505 455 120
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 39 585 480 95 60 15 10 20 10
All occupationsFootnote 40 40,020 34,680 5,235 3,890 405 505 435 110
A Management occupations 3,480 2,940 535 415 45 45 30 10
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 5,920 5,165 755 575 30 80 75 0
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,685 1,405 285 190 30 35 30 0
D Health occupations 2,040 1,720 305 230 25 45 10 10
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 3,090 2,720 350 315 0 15 25 15
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 905 795 100 80 10 15 0 10
G Sales and service occupations 10,230 8,980 1,200 805 115 150 130 50
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 8,010 7,110 890 685 75 35 100 10
I Occupations unique to primary industry 2,730 2,185 545 430 45 40 30 0
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 1,925 1,660 265 165 40 50 10 10
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 41 63,920 53,030 10,635 8,680 570 745 635 265
No certificate, diploma or degree 15,880 13,410 2,430 2,090 80 160 100 45
Certificate, diploma or degree 48,040 39,620 8,210 6,590 495 585 535 215
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 42 19,670 16,985 2,620 2,105 200 185 125 70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 8,790 7,025 1,740 1,585 45 50 55 25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 43 10,945 9,050 1,890 1,545 130 105 110 0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 44 2,990 2,310 665 470 30 95 65 20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 45 5,645 4,255 1,290 885 85 150 175 100
Bachelor's degree 3,345 2,585 680 435 40 105 100 80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 850 650 190 135 15 0 30 15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 225 155 70 50 15 10 0 0
Master's degree 995 710 285 210 10 30 35 0
Earned doctorate 220 160 60 45 10 0 10 0
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 46 28,365 22,630 5,590 4,485 290 395 415 150
Education 2,395 1,955 425 350 10 45 20 25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 910 680 225 200 10 0 20 0
Humanities 1,265 975 275 185 15 40 30 15
Social and behavioural sciences and law 2,005 1,595 395 320 25 30 25 10
Business, management and public administration 5,460 4,370 1,075 845 55 70 110 15
Physical and life sciences and technologies 465 365 100 55 20 25 10 0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 705 580 120 75 10 0 35 10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 6,765 5,270 1,485 1,265 35 105 80 10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,075 780 300 240 40 10 10 0
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 4,995 4,120 815 675 70 30 40 60
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,325 1,945 375 290 25 35 30 0
Other fields of studyFootnote 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 48 63,920 53,030 10,635 8,680 570 745 635 260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 35,555 30,395 5,045 4,195 280 345 225 115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 28,365 22,635 5,585 4,485 290 395 410 150
Inside Canada 24,850 22,080 2,755 2,480 140 95 35 20
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 65 60 0 10 0 0 0 0
Prince-Edward-Island 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 270 240 30 25 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 95 85 10 10 0 0 0 0
Quebec 290 250 40 30 10 0 0 0
Ontario 1,850 1,525 325 305 15 10 0 0
Manitoba 685 615 70 60 0 10 0 0
Saskatchewan 795 765 30 25 0 0 0 0
Alberta 1,575 1,395 175 160 10 10 0 0
British Columbia 19,135 17,045 2,070 1,865 115 55 40 15
Yukon Territory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 49 3,520 560 2,835 2,005 155 305 375 130
United States of America 755 395 345 255 10 10 65 15
United KingdomFootnote 50 840 105 665 590 15 10 55 70
India 75 0 75 10 0 35 30 0
Philippines 70 0 55 30 0 10 15 10
China, People's Republic of 100 0 95 30 20 15 25 0
Germany 420 10 415 350 10 50 0 0
France 25 0 20 25 0 0 0 0
Poland 50 0 55 35 10 0 15 0
Pakistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 51 70 0 60 0 0 15 40 0
Other 1,115 45 1,050 685 75 155 130 20
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 52 63,925 53,030 10,635 8,680 575 745 635 260
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 53 23,565 18,090 5,360 4,745 135 245 240 115
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 54 21,500 18,715 2,725 2,185 225 155 155 0
Average employment income $ 44,618 44,027 48,852 51,791 36,084 46,984 28,232 0
Median employment income $ 39,154 39,331 38,330 40,103 35,894 48,053 24,695 0
Standard error of average employment income $ 676 594 3,493 4,320 2,858 4,041 3,182 0
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 55 18,855 16,225 2,545 1,755 210 340 240 0
Average employment income $ 19,611 19,434 20,446 23,277 17,727 14,073 11,272 0
Median employment income $ 12,831 12,614 15,131 19,230 13,197 10,459 7,793 0
Standard error of average employment income $ 311 330 930 1,235 2,159 1,586 1,599 0
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 56 63,920 53,030 10,635 8,675 575 745 635 260
Without employment income 20,045 15,430 4,500 4,015 115 170 200 115
With employment incomeFootnote 57 43,875 37,600 6,130 4,670 455 575 435 0
Under $5,000Footnote 58 7,465 6,165 1,275 985 65 90 135 0
$5,000 to $9,999 4,180 3,645 520 290 75 90 70 0
$10,000 to $19,999 7,070 6,205 865 600 50 145 70 0
$20,000 to $29,999 6,310 5,365 905 670 120 65 55 0
$30,000 to $39,999 5,640 4,810 810 620 55 70 60 0
$40,000 to $49,999 4,430 3,880 535 475 20 10 25 0
$50,000 to $59,999 3,090 2,665 415 325 25 70 0 0
$60,000 to $74,999 3,070 2,595 470 400 40 10 15 0
$75,000 and over 2,625 2,275 330 300 10 20 10 0
Average employment income $Footnote 59 31,080 30,989 31,632 34,404 26,281 24,218 17,266 0
Median employment income $Footnote 60 24,882 24,980 24,026 26,967 23,982 16,867 11,982 0
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 61 383 359 1,678 2,157 1,977 2,079 1,687 0
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 85.7 86.9 79.7 78.3 88.0 89.8 90.2 88.3
Employment income % 71.9 74.2 60.4 57.5 81.2 81.5 73.0 85.9
Wages and salaries % 66.0 68.5 53.3 50.8 73.8 72.8 63.2 82.1
Self-employment income % 5.9 5.7 7.1 6.8 7.1 8.9 10.5 0.0
Investment income % 3.8 3.4 5.9 5.9 4.8 3.2 11.5 0.2
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 8.4 7.8 11.4 12.7 1.0 2.6 0.0 0.0
Other money income % 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.1 1.2 2.3 1.2 0.0
Government transfer payments % 14.3 13.1 20.3 21.7 12.1 10.4 10.0 13.0
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 4.4 3.7 7.7 8.7 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 5.0 4.4 8.0 9.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 0.0
Child benefits % 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 3.3 4.0 4.3 5.2
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 2.6 1.5 3.9 0.0
Other income from government sources % 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.7 3.0 1.3 1.8
Income taxes paid % 14.1 14.0 14.2 14.8 11.2 11.2 9.2 13.2
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 63 63,920 53,030 10,630 8,680 570 745 635 260
Without wages and salaries 24,700 19,010 5,565 4,880 155 250 275 120
With wages and salaries 39,220 34,020 5,065 3,800 415 490 360 0
Under $5,000 6,380 5,460 890 645 55 85 115 0
$5,000 to $9,999 3,560 3,085 460 275 70 60 55 0
$10,000 to $19,999 6,175 5,515 660 445 45 125 50 0
$20,000 to $29,999 5,675 4,845 790 580 105 60 50 0
$30,000 to $39,999 5,055 4,350 690 525 50 65 55 0
$40,000 to $49,999 4,190 3,700 470 415 20 10 20 0
$50,000 to $59,999 2,900 2,510 375 290 15 70 10 0
$60,000 and over 5,295 4,550 725 635 50 25 10 0
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 64 31,895 31,609 33,812 37,253 26,498 25,115 17,823 0
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 65 26,042 25,987 26,350 29,492 24,738 18,708 14,471 0
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 66 409 377 1,973 2,576 2,117 2,224 1,817 0
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 67 63,920 53,030 10,635 8,680 575 745 635 260
Without income 2,815 2,460 315 150 25 50 90 45
With income 61,105 50,570 10,320 8,535 545 690 545 0
Under $5,000Footnote 68 6,515 5,505 955 605 55 105 190 0
$5,000 to $9,999 5,410 4,595 795 565 85 95 45 0
$10,000 to $19,999 14,070 11,380 2,660 2,280 105 175 100 0
$20,000 to $29,999 10,045 8,060 1,965 1,635 120 115 90 0
$30,000 to $39,999 8,325 6,855 1,445 1,225 75 85 60 0
$40,000 to $49,999 5,990 5,035 935 865 25 25 20 0
$50,000 to $79,999 8,315 7,070 1,210 1,030 70 70 30 0
$80,000 and over 2,440 2,075 360 320 10 20 10 0
Average income $Footnote 69 31,037 31,048 31,116 32,690 27,084 24,558 18,877 0
Median income $Footnote 70 24,107 24,403 23,034 24,081 24,712 19,023 13,977 0
Standard error of average income $Footnote 71 292 289 1,014 1,203 1,723 1,723 1,661 0
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 72 76,360 65,325 10,715 8,325 585 1,020 785 320
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 73 66,365 57,140 8,960 6,750 510 950 755 260
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 6,580 5,785 730 325 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 9.9 10.1 8.1 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 4,390 3,815 500 225 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 6.6 6.7 5.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 9,995 8,180 1,755 1,575 0 0 0 0
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 3,600 3,020 550 470 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 36.0 36.9 31.7 29.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 2,455 2,095 340 265 0 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 24.6 25.6 19.1 16.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Data quality index showing, for the short census questionnaire (100% data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

Data quality index showing, for the long census questionnaire (20% sample data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

2001 adjusted count; most of these are the result of boundary changes.

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Footnote 3

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 5

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 11

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 14

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 17

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 18

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 22

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 23

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 25

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 27

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 30

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 31

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 32

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 33

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 34

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 35

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 36

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 37

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 38

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 39

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 40

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 41

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 42

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 43

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 44

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 45

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 46

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 47

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 48

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 51

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 52

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 53

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 55

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 56

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 57

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 58

Including loss.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 62

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 63

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 67

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 68

Including loss.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

For persons with income.

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Footnote 72

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 73

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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