2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8A), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (277), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006008
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Immigration and citizenship
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Age at immigration

There was a slight overestimation of age at immigration in the 2006 Census. For more information on the age at immigration variable, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-557-GWE2006003.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details immigrant status and place of birth , immigrant status and period of immigration , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in VancouverFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (277) Immigrant status and period of immigration (8A)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration Non-immigrants ImmigrantsFootnote 3 Before 1991 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 to 2006Footnote 4 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 5
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 1,752,390 930,680 787,380 388,745 139,115 134,665 124,860 34,325
Never legally married (single) 597,760 404,075 173,815 60,845 41,090 39,780 32,100 19,870
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 888,310 377,280 498,340 248,545 83,095 83,455 83,250 12,690
Separated, but still legally married 49,975 28,420 20,915 11,945 3,335 2,810 2,825 640
Divorced 128,040 80,005 47,335 32,510 6,020 4,970 3,840 695
Widowed 88,300 40,900 46,970 34,905 5,580 3,640 2,845 435
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 2,092,635 1,224,160 829,870 387,855 141,995 148,565 151,455 38,605
Number of family persons 1,725,080 995,145 708,875 313,070 125,575 134,550 135,680 21,055
Husbands or wives 866,360 373,120 483,335 244,045 80,135 80,405 78,755 9,900
Common-law partners 117,650 88,075 26,730 15,990 3,750 3,140 3,845 2,845
Lone parents 88,115 43,030 43,505 24,655 7,650 6,020 5,175 1,580
Children in census families 652,955 490,925 155,310 28,385 34,035 44,990 47,900 6,725
Number of persons not in census families 367,560 229,015 120,990 74,785 16,420 14,015 15,780 17,555
Living with relatives 55,090 21,150 31,205 14,475 6,225 5,070 5,435 2,730
Living with non-relatives only 80,335 51,020 19,190 8,310 2,810 3,110 4,960 10,125
Living alone 232,135 156,835 70,600 52,000 7,390 5,830 5,375 4,700
Total population aged 1 year and over by mobility status 1 year agoFootnote 9 2,076,590 1,206,475 831,010 388,725 142,130 148,695 151,455 39,105
Non-movers 1,724,425 1,018,765 687,855 350,215 121,780 122,780 93,085 17,810
Movers 352,160 187,710 143,150 38,515 20,350 25,915 58,375 21,300
Non-migrants 191,935 108,980 77,005 23,765 12,800 15,955 24,485 5,950
Migrants 160,230 78,730 66,150 14,745 7,560 9,960 33,885 15,350
Internal migrants 112,515 72,715 37,375 12,680 5,960 7,845 10,895 2,430
Intraprovincial migrants 90,485 57,630 30,940 10,545 5,075 6,490 8,820 1,915
Interprovincial migrants 22,030 15,080 6,440 2,130 880 1,350 2,070 515
External migrants 47,710 6,020 28,770 2,065 1,595 2,115 22,990 12,925
Total population aged 5 years and over by mobility status 5 years agoFootnote 10 1,992,495 1,127,695 826,520 388,725 142,130 148,695 146,975 38,275
Non-movers 1,043,415 628,035 412,480 262,665 77,495 61,110 11,205 2,900
Movers 949,080 499,660 414,040 126,055 64,635 87,585 135,765 35,380
Non-migrants 482,670 281,615 197,795 79,255 43,825 56,535 18,180 3,260
Migrants 466,410 218,045 216,245 46,805 20,815 31,050 117,585 32,115
Internal migrants 300,725 204,085 94,795 41,570 17,860 25,955 9,405 1,840
Intraprovincial migrants 240,045 160,635 78,065 33,960 15,335 21,555 7,220 1,335
Interprovincial migrants 60,675 43,450 16,725 7,610 2,525 4,405 2,190 505
External migrants 165,690 13,960 121,450 5,230 2,950 5,090 108,175 30,270
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 11 2,097,965 1,227,495 831,265 388,745 142,130 148,695 151,695 39,205
English 1,190,555 1,033,565 148,560 104,725 13,280 13,650 16,905 8,430
French 24,130 19,175 4,545 2,635 510 675 730 415
Non-official language 845,660 156,480 659,510 273,200 124,965 130,955 130,380 29,675
English and French 2,855 2,535 265 200 20 15 35 50
English and non-official language 32,880 15,220 17,100 7,255 3,225 3,245 3,370 560
French and non-official language 1,285 290 960 555 105 100 195 35
English, French and non-official language 595 225 330 175 25 45 80 40
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 12 2,097,965 1,227,495 831,265 388,740 142,135 148,695 151,695 39,205
English 1,478,110 1,133,255 328,640 220,740 36,940 36,705 34,255 16,215
French 8,070 5,490 2,300 970 330 440 555 280
Non-official language 547,655 70,630 455,690 148,885 95,995 102,180 108,625 21,335
English and French 2,050 1,320 715 385 55 100 175 10
English and non-official language 61,175 16,515 43,335 17,535 8,710 9,125 7,965 1,325
French and non-official language 400 55 315 110 45 85 80 25
English, French and non-official language 500 225 265 105 55 60 45 10
Total population by knowledge of official languagesFootnote 13 2,097,965 1,227,495 831,265 388,740 142,130 148,695 151,695 39,205
English only 1,825,595 1,095,060 696,470 334,635 114,855 124,705 122,275 34,070
French only 1,140 610 510 225 95 60 135 20
English and French 162,785 118,655 41,945 23,730 5,780 6,630 5,805 2,190
Neither English nor French 108,440 13,175 92,345 30,155 21,405 17,305 23,485 2,920
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at workFootnote 14 1,263,380 718,915 526,000 248,085 94,440 96,675 86,795 18,465
English 1,169,695 713,005 441,950 226,360 75,615 75,500 64,485 14,740
French 2,985 2,140 760 425 115 90 125 90
Non-official language 69,170 1,365 64,770 15,195 14,420 16,665 18,490 3,040
English and French 1,860 1,120 705 330 105 145 125 35
English and non-official language 19,295 1,190 17,560 5,655 4,140 4,240 3,535 545
French and non-official language 75 20 55 15 25 0 10 0
English, French and non-official language 295 80 190 115 25 35 20 25
Total - CitizenshipFootnote 15 2,097,960 1,227,495 831,265 388,740 142,135 148,700 151,695 39,200
Canadian citizens 1,859,815 1,227,495 632,325 356,290 126,765 120,775 28,490 0
Canadian citizens only 1,763,550 1,210,055 553,495 321,380 109,395 99,185 23,535 0
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 96,265 17,435 78,830 34,910 17,375 21,590 4,955 0
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 16 238,145 0 198,945 32,450 15,365 27,925 123,200 39,200
Total immigrant population by age at immigrationFootnote 17 831,265 0 831,265 388,745 142,130 148,695 151,695 0
Under 5 years 59,885 0 59,885 35,400 6,565 8,600 9,325 0
5 to 14 years 142,270 0 142,270 69,135 23,235 26,615 23,275 0
15 to 24 years 179,825 0 179,825 108,310 24,585 23,025 23,910 0
25 to 44 years 339,675 0 339,675 145,825 58,845 65,890 69,115 0
45 years and over 109,615 0 109,610 30,075 28,905 24,560 26,070 0
Total - Population by visible minority groupsFootnote 18 2,097,965 1,227,495 831,270 388,740 142,135 148,700 151,695 39,205
Total visible minority populationFootnote 19 875,300 241,780 604,075 225,475 123,225 126,790 128,590 29,445
Chinese 381,535 90,440 283,430 101,590 64,950 64,855 52,045 7,660
South AsianFootnote 20 207,165 75,150 129,885 57,725 23,930 22,990 25,240 2,125
Black 20,670 9,055 11,020 4,665 1,730 1,450 3,165 595
Filipino 78,890 18,880 57,260 18,265 11,280 12,285 15,430 2,750
Latin American 22,695 4,280 16,660 7,205 2,945 2,395 4,110 1,750
Southeast AsianFootnote 21 33,475 9,885 22,575 12,575 5,015 2,285 2,700 1,015
Arab 7,430 1,465 5,240 1,490 920 1,345 1,480 725
West AsianFootnote 22 28,155 3,010 24,340 5,685 3,695 7,315 7,650 810
Korean 44,825 4,765 31,490 6,005 5,215 8,275 12,000 8,575
Japanese 25,420 14,020 8,470 3,850 1,025 1,600 1,990 2,940
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 23 2,920 1,105 1,680 785 235 295 375 135
Multiple visible minorityFootnote 24 22,115 9,725 12,035 5,640 2,285 1,705 2,405 355
Not a visible minorityFootnote 25 1,222,665 985,715 227,190 163,265 18,910 21,910 23,105 9,760
Total population 15 years and over by generation statusFootnote 26 1,752,385 930,685 787,380 388,745 139,115 134,660 124,865 34,325
1st generationFootnote 27 826,935 5,735 786,875 388,460 139,065 134,540 124,810 34,325
2nd generationFootnote 28 372,875 372,395 475 270 50 115 50 0
3rd generation or moreFootnote 29 552,580 552,555 25 15 0 10 0 0
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 30 1,752,390 930,680 787,380 388,740 139,115 134,665 124,865 34,325
In the labour force 1,169,720 664,350 489,610 231,760 88,525 89,350 79,975 15,765
Employed 1,104,760 631,545 458,700 221,780 82,835 82,825 71,260 14,510
Unemployed 64,965 32,795 30,910 9,980 5,695 6,525 8,720 1,250
Not in the labour force 582,665 266,335 297,770 156,985 50,590 45,310 44,890 18,560
Participation rate 66.7 71.4 62.2 59.6 63.6 66.3 64.0 45.9
Employment rate 63.0 67.9 58.3 57.1 59.5 61.5 57.1 42.3
Unemployment rate 5.6 4.9 6.3 4.3 6.4 7.3 10.9 7.9
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 31 1,169,720 664,350 489,610 231,760 88,530 89,355 79,975 15,765
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 32 19,230 7,880 10,855 2,870 2,095 2,320 3,565 500
All classes of workerFootnote 33 1,150,490 656,470 478,755 228,885 86,430 87,025 76,410 15,265
Wage earners 992,865 576,100 402,535 186,970 73,450 74,585 67,530 14,230
Self-employedFootnote 34 154,415 79,145 74,265 40,975 12,595 12,095 8,605 1,010
Unpaid family workers 3,205 1,230 1,960 950 385 350 275 25
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 35 1,169,720 664,345 489,610 231,760 88,525 89,350 79,970 15,765
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 36 19,230 7,875 10,850 2,870 2,095 2,325 3,565 500
All industriesFootnote 37 1,150,495 656,470 478,760 228,890 86,430 87,025 76,405 15,265
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 13,890 5,630 8,100 3,115 1,295 1,630 2,065 160
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 4,380 2,915 1,345 670 195 220 255 115
22 Utilities 5,705 3,900 1,760 1,160 245 210 150 40
23 Construction 73,390 46,530 26,285 13,540 4,255 3,940 4,555 575
31-33 Manufacturing 97,800 46,415 50,580 23,130 9,070 9,595 8,790 800
41 Wholesale trade 61,655 34,915 26,275 11,250 4,855 5,355 4,815 465
44-45 Retail trade 124,965 72,640 51,360 20,615 10,235 10,950 9,565 960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 65,605 37,955 27,220 13,700 5,735 4,620 3,165 430
51 Information and cultural industries 42,145 27,885 13,560 6,420 2,550 2,475 2,120 700
52 Finance and insurance 55,640 32,030 23,335 12,685 4,140 3,695 2,820 280
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 29,575 16,460 12,975 7,940 1,850 1,785 1,400 140
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 107,495 61,525 44,170 20,900 6,730 8,795 7,750 1,795
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,155 1,270 865 535 100 95 135 20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 53,725 28,030 25,020 10,245 4,825 4,875 5,080 675
61 Educational services 83,200 53,415 27,355 14,660 4,345 4,530 3,815 2,430
62 Health care and social assistance 107,065 59,735 45,950 25,690 8,375 6,630 5,265 1,375
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 27,350 18,460 8,550 4,015 1,525 1,745 1,270 335
72 Accommodation and food services 91,585 44,460 45,745 17,130 9,810 10,055 8,760 1,375
81 Other services (except public administration) 59,060 29,755 26,880 13,095 5,055 4,745 3,985 2,425
91 Public administration 44,115 32,545 11,410 8,395 1,260 1,085 665 165
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 38 1,169,720 664,345 489,610 231,760 88,525 89,350 79,975 15,760
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 39 19,230 7,875 10,850 2,870 2,095 2,325 3,565 500
All occupationsFootnote 40 1,150,490 656,465 478,760 228,890 86,435 87,025 76,405 15,265
A Management occupations 130,375 75,845 53,205 29,560 8,415 8,535 6,700 1,325
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 219,410 134,200 83,645 44,780 14,520 13,445 10,900 1,570
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 85,070 43,585 39,800 16,925 6,200 8,870 7,805 1,685
D Health occupations 62,450 33,620 28,120 16,220 4,870 4,020 3,010 710
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 98,845 64,480 31,665 16,450 5,100 5,315 4,795 2,700
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 47,595 32,705 14,080 7,285 2,375 2,430 1,985 810
G Sales and service occupations 291,540 154,785 131,890 52,435 27,155 27,630 24,675 4,865
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 148,810 90,435 57,360 29,680 10,455 8,875 8,345 1,020
I Occupations unique to primary industry 20,550 10,790 9,505 3,950 1,595 1,835 2,125 255
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 45,840 16,035 29,490 11,605 5,750 6,070 6,065 315
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 41 1,752,385 930,680 787,380 388,745 139,110 134,660 124,860 34,325
No certificate, diploma or degree 303,345 152,945 147,070 75,780 27,945 22,700 20,655 3,325
Certificate, diploma or degree 1,449,045 777,735 640,310 312,965 111,170 111,965 104,210 31,000
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 42 473,315 275,220 189,430 92,355 38,010 34,090 24,970 8,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 150,040 88,700 59,965 41,575 7,810 5,970 4,610 1,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 43 282,785 170,345 108,510 64,380 17,795 14,440 11,890 3,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 44 110,950 44,675 63,405 28,405 11,965 12,070 10,960 2,865
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 45 431,960 198,795 219,000 86,250 35,585 45,395 51,775 14,165
Bachelor's degree 276,850 132,220 135,970 52,700 23,710 29,065 30,495 8,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,370 20,600 20,675 8,895 3,430 3,615 4,735 1,090
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 12,630 4,885 7,380 3,720 1,095 1,210 1,350 370
Master's degree 82,825 35,030 44,920 16,500 5,985 9,620 12,815 2,875
Earned doctorate 17,285 6,055 10,055 4,425 1,365 1,885 2,380 1,175
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 46 975,730 502,520 450,875 220,610 73,155 77,875 79,235 22,335
Education 66,075 40,065 24,890 14,150 3,795 3,365 3,580 1,115
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,565 30,140 18,625 8,695 3,525 3,315 3,085 1,800
Humanities 64,080 31,055 30,360 12,945 5,255 5,955 6,210 2,665
Social and behavioural sciences and law 112,710 64,165 45,935 21,555 8,395 7,755 8,230 2,610
Business, management and public administration 216,600 107,095 104,615 50,625 17,690 18,050 18,255 4,890
Physical and life sciences and technologies 41,210 18,665 21,070 8,890 3,760 4,385 4,035 1,480
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 45,765 18,890 25,180 9,255 4,400 5,485 6,045 1,695
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 194,485 90,045 101,555 51,695 14,275 17,355 18,235 2,880
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 15,185 7,795 7,050 3,325 965 1,215 1,540 345
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 124,310 67,670 54,270 29,460 8,235 8,455 8,115 2,365
Personal, protective and transportation services 44,580 26,830 17,255 10,000 2,855 2,500 1,900 495
Other fields of studyFootnote 47 165 95 70 20 0 40 10 0
Total population 15 years and over by location of studyFootnote 48 1,752,385 930,680 787,375 388,740 139,115 134,660 124,865 34,325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 776,660 428,165 336,505 168,130 65,955 56,785 45,625 11,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 975,730 502,515 450,880 220,610 73,155 77,875 79,240 22,335
Inside Canada 676,515 484,300 187,910 126,075 30,890 20,995 9,950 4,300
Newfoundland-and-Labrador 1,955 1,650 300 225 40 20 15 10
Prince-Edward-Island 410 385 25 10 10 0 10 0
Nova Scotia 5,750 4,800 935 705 125 65 45 20
New Brunswick 2,485 2,100 350 265 60 10 15 40
Quebec 16,410 12,375 3,995 3,060 500 220 215 40
Ontario 56,395 42,780 13,465 10,325 1,575 945 620 150
Manitoba 14,785 11,190 3,570 2,855 385 230 105 25
Saskatchewan 10,795 9,230 1,545 1,220 150 85 100 25
Alberta 29,375 23,050 6,265 4,985 650 390 240 60
British Columbia 537,870 376,520 157,410 102,380 27,400 19,030 8,595 3,945
Yukon Territory 130 95 30 35 0 0 0 0
Northwest Territories 105 90 15 15 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside CanadaFootnote 49 299,220 18,220 262,965 94,535 42,270 56,880 69,285 18,030
United States of America 34,040 11,850 19,650 9,570 2,840 3,545 3,695 2,535
United KingdomFootnote 50 31,155 3,840 25,905 18,585 2,395 2,115 2,805 1,410
India 22,770 105 22,145 6,480 4,145 4,780 6,745 520
Philippines 33,445 60 31,180 9,725 6,155 6,375 8,920 2,210
China, People's Republic of 38,385 15 37,235 3,940 3,730 11,245 18,320 1,135
Germany 6,890 130 6,450 5,425 275 335 405 315
France 1,945 160 1,550 730 180 270 370 235
Poland 3,750 20 3,720 2,370 885 295 175 10
Pakistan 2,255 10 2,185 390 240 735 820 60
Korea, SouthFootnote 51 15,455 0 12,185 1,910 1,950 3,315 5,005 3,270
Other 109,120 2,030 100,765 35,405 19,470 23,870 22,015 6,325
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 52 1,752,385 930,680 787,380 388,740 139,110 134,660 124,860 34,325
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 53 598,235 261,870 316,980 160,225 53,795 48,355 54,600 19,390
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 54 596,500 358,515 231,650 129,840 39,650 37,320 24,840 6,335
Average employment income $ 53,995 57,984 47,921 54,869 40,226 39,891 35,948 50,385
Median employment income $ 43,215 46,898 38,090 42,856 34,204 32,787 29,291 31,055
Standard error of average employment income $ 214 266 361 611 418 358 487 1,647
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 55 557,655 310,300 238,750 98,675 45,675 48,980 45,425 8,605
Average employment income $ 24,336 25,508 22,994 30,555 19,935 17,720 15,333 19,305
Median employment income $ 14,796 14,853 14,864 20,070 13,865 12,148 10,620 11,972
Standard error of average employment income $ 164 243 215 433 529 193 181 620
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 56 1,752,385 930,685 787,380 388,740 139,110 134,660 124,865 34,325
Without employment income 510,140 218,415 273,965 139,170 47,455 40,545 46,795 17,765
With employment incomeFootnote 57 1,242,250 712,270 513,410 249,570 91,660 94,120 78,065 16,565
Under $5,000Footnote 58 176,835 98,960 74,825 30,415 13,185 15,395 15,840 3,050
$5,000 to $9,999 122,930 62,890 57,665 19,080 11,405 13,805 13,380 2,375
$10,000 to $19,999 192,805 97,360 91,265 34,725 18,605 19,385 18,540 4,180
$20,000 to $29,999 163,730 85,450 76,255 33,245 15,310 15,595 12,100 2,025
$30,000 to $39,999 155,940 87,165 67,415 35,670 12,765 11,400 7,580 1,355
$40,000 to $49,999 124,170 77,730 45,595 27,810 7,490 6,355 3,940 850
$50,000 to $59,999 88,635 57,700 30,305 19,745 4,440 3,935 2,190 635
$60,000 to $74,999 92,995 62,590 29,715 20,360 3,840 3,495 2,025 685
$75,000 and over 124,200 82,420 40,365 28,525 4,615 4,745 2,480 1,410
Average employment income $Footnote 59 37,627 40,962 33,226 41,536 28,120 25,954 21,419 30,616
Median employment income $Footnote 60 27,596 31,002 23,967 31,672 21,480 19,092 14,985 16,518
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 61 131 177 196 367 329 195 205 758
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 62 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 91.2 92.9 88.4 87.4 88.8 91.8 90.5 92.2
Employment income % 78.0 79.8 74.9 71.0 80.5 84.2 80.9 82.9
Wages and salaries % 72.0 73.8 68.9 64.8 74.8 77.8 75.5 77.7
Self-employment income % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.7 6.4 5.5 5.2
Investment income % 6.1 5.9 6.5 7.3 5.1 4.6 5.6 3.3
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 5.1 5.3 4.9 7.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2
Other money income % 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.9 4.8
Government transfer payments % 8.8 7.1 11.6 12.6 11.2 8.2 9.5 7.8
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 2.7 1.9 4.0 5.1 4.5 1.0 0.3 1.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 2.7 2.5 3.0 4.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6
Child benefits % 1.0 0.6 1.6 0.8 2.4 2.9 4.2 2.3
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.5 2.1 2.4 1.1
Other income from government sources % 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.4 2.8
Income taxes paid % 17.2 18.5 15.3 17.2 12.4 11.9 11.2 15.9
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 63 1,752,385 930,685 787,380 388,740 139,110 134,660 124,865 34,325
Without wages and salaries 619,280 273,405 327,450 169,145 56,780 49,185 52,340 18,420
With wages and salaries 1,133,110 657,275 459,930 219,595 82,335 85,475 72,525 15,905
Under $5,000 157,280 90,145 64,225 24,060 11,735 13,595 14,830 2,920
$5,000 to $9,999 108,025 56,785 48,950 14,655 9,645 12,265 12,390 2,290
$10,000 to $19,999 169,620 86,925 78,605 28,475 15,955 17,270 16,900 4,095
$20,000 to $29,999 148,275 77,565 68,780 29,025 13,920 14,430 11,410 1,925
$30,000 to $39,999 145,490 81,470 62,725 33,130 11,855 10,700 7,050 1,290
$40,000 to $49,999 117,670 73,860 43,025 26,340 7,110 5,905 3,675 790
$50,000 to $59,999 83,855 54,835 28,395 18,595 4,155 3,625 2,015 625
$60,000 and over 202,895 135,695 65,235 45,325 7,965 7,680 4,260 1,965
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 64 38,068 41,046 34,094 43,126 29,074 26,413 21,500 29,879
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 65 28,672 31,937 25,014 33,870 22,290 19,784 15,029 16,368
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 66 136 183 209 404 306 204 204 747
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 67 1,752,385 930,680 787,380 388,745 139,110 134,660 124,865 34,325
Without income 92,850 46,610 41,585 6,030 6,650 9,155 19,755 4,655
With income 1,659,535 884,070 745,795 382,710 132,465 125,505 105,110 29,670
Under $5,000Footnote 68 211,655 92,410 107,900 30,605 23,895 27,195 26,205 11,345
$5,000 to $9,999 155,870 73,245 78,950 27,890 16,645 17,555 16,860 3,675
$10,000 to $19,999 338,560 153,325 179,285 91,290 34,520 27,800 25,680 5,945
$20,000 to $29,999 228,905 114,965 111,005 57,275 19,340 19,125 15,265 2,935
$30,000 to $39,999 204,575 113,770 89,070 51,545 15,240 13,205 9,080 1,735
$40,000 to $49,999 154,950 96,205 57,705 37,390 8,675 7,185 4,460 1,035
$50,000 to $79,999 238,590 156,560 80,340 56,305 9,785 9,070 5,185 1,690
$80,000 and over 126,430 83,585 41,530 30,400 4,370 4,380 2,380 1,305
Average income $Footnote 69 36,123 41,358 30,533 38,158 24,159 23,118 19,659 20,614
Median income $Footnote 70 25,032 30,453 20,488 27,036 16,294 15,899 13,168 9,571
Standard error of average income $Footnote 71 133 207 160 287 249 162 192 475
Total persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 72 2,084,135 1,217,890 828,135 387,070 141,870 148,275 150,915 38,115
Total persons in economic familiesFootnote 73 1,774,080 1,011,580 738,875 327,025 131,705 139,410 140,735 23,630
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 309,535 115,075 182,950 40,410 35,870 44,960 61,715 11,510
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 17.4 11.4 24.8 12.4 27.2 32.3 43.8 48.7
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 238,630 88,200 139,980 26,440 26,385 35,725 51,430 10,460
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 13.5 8.7 18.9 8.1 20.0 25.6 36.5 44.2
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families 310,055 206,310 89,260 60,040 10,170 8,870 10,185 14,485
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 124,865 72,965 40,280 24,235 5,170 4,335 6,535 11,620
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 40.3 35.4 45.1 40.4 50.9 48.8 64.2 80.2
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 105,685 61,220 33,475 19,060 4,550 3,860 6,010 10,985
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 34.1 29.7 37.5 31.7 44.7 43.6 59.0 75.8

Footnotes

Footnote 1

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 2

Data quality index showing, for the short census questionnaire (100% data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

Data quality index showing, for the long census questionnaire (20% sample data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.

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Footnote 3

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 4

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 5

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

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Footnote 9

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 11

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 12

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of Official Languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Footnote 14

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 15

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Footnote 16

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 17

Age at immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at which the respondent first obtained landed immigrant status. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

The derivation of the data on age at immigration in 2006 was slightly different from that of 2001 due to an omission of an estimation process. The result of this omission was an increase of the age at immigration estimate by one year for many records. As such, the overall mean age at immigration for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated as 24.9 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24.4 years. The median age for the total weighted immigrant population was estimated at 25 years, whereas the correct estimate should be 24 years.

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Footnote 18

Visible minority population
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the visible minority group to which the respondent belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 19

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour'.

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Footnote 20

For example, 'East Indian', 'Pakistani', 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 21

For example, 'Vietnamese', 'Cambodian', 'Malaysian', 'Laotian', etc.

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Footnote 22

For example, 'Iranian', 'Afghan', etc.

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Footnote 23

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere'. Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese', 'West Indian', 'Kurd', 'Tibetan', 'Polynesian', 'Pacific Islander', etc.

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Footnote 24

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian'.

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Footnote 25

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 26

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 27

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 28

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 29

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 30

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 31

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

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Footnote 32

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 33

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 34

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 35

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 36

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 37

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 38

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 39

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 40

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 41

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 42

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 43

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 44

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 45

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 46

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 47

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 48

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school level was completed.

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Location of study
Part A - Plain language definition
Indicates the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained.
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable indicates the province, territory (in Canada) or country (outside Canada) where the highest certificate, diploma or degree was obtained. It is only reported for individuals who had completed a certificate, diploma or degree above the secondary (high) school level.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the 10 locations of studies outside Canada most often reported.

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Footnote 50

The official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Footnote 51

The official name is the Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 52

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 53

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 54

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 55

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 56

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 57

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 58

Including loss.

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Footnote 59

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 60

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 61

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 62

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 63

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 64

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 65

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 66

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 67

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 68

Including loss.

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Footnote 69

For persons with income.

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Footnote 70

For persons with income.

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Footnote 71

For persons with income.

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Footnote 72

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 73

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006008.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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