Low-income statistics by age groups, Income Highlight Tables, 2016 Census

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census agglomerations, 2016 Census – 100% Data, 2006 Census – 20% Sample data

Data table

Population in private households for income status, number of persons in low income, prevalence of low income based on the low-income concept - Low-income measure, after-tax (LIM-AT), by age groups (total - age groups), Canada and census agglomerations, 2016 Census – 100% Data, 2006 Census – 20% Sample data
Geographic name^{Footnote 2}	Type	Prov.	Population in private households for income status^{Footnote 3}		Number of persons in low income		Prevalence of low income (%)
Geographic name^{Footnote 2}	Type	Prov.	2006	2016	2005	2015	2005	2015	Difference

Canada			30,638,315	33,968,295	4,301,420	4,809,940	14.0	14.2	0.2
Cape Breton	CA	N.S.	100,700	92,555	21,405	18,245	21.3	19.7	-1.6
Chatham-Kent	CA	Ont.	106,005	99,380	14,960	16,910	14.1	17.0	2.9
Nanaimo	CA	B.C.	89,505	101,030	14,155	16,685	15.8	16.5	0.7
Drummondville	CA	Que.	83,255	92,870	13,425	14,970	16.1	16.1	0.0
Fredericton	CA	N.B.	88,115	98,845	12,220	15,295	13.9	15.5	1.6
Kamloops	CA	B.C.	89,365	97,370	11,605	12,455	13.0	12.8	-0.2
Shawinigan	CA	Que.	54,075	52,175	11,385	10,725	21.1	20.6	-0.5
North Bay	CA	Ont.	70,045	68,710	11,315	10,755	16.2	15.7	-0.5
Cornwall	CA	Ont.	57,155	58,130	11,110	13,160	19.4	22.6	3.2
Chilliwack	CA	B.C.	79,205	93,585	11,070	13,895	14.0	14.8	0.8
Prince George	CA	B.C.	82,300	85,030	11,050	10,745	13.4	12.6	-0.8
Sault Ste. Marie	CA	Ont.	77,300	75,545	10,810	11,585	14.0	15.3	1.3
Granby	CA	Que.	72,905	82,745	9,930	11,645	13.6	14.1	0.5
Sarnia	CA	Ont.	94,135	94,250	9,915	12,685	10.5	13.5	3.0
Kawartha Lakes	CA	Ont.	73,140	73,375	9,330	9,625	12.8	13.1	0.3
Prince Albert	CA	Sask.	40,350	42,070	8,745	7,340	21.7	17.4	-4.3
Charlottetown	CA	P.E.I.	58,925	67,570	8,415	11,550	14.3	17.1	2.8
Truro	CA	N.S.	43,805	44,090	7,810	8,305	17.8	18.8	1.0
Norfolk	CA	Ont.	61,460	62,430	7,675	7,905	12.5	12.7	0.2
Courtenay	CA	B.C.	47,720	52,905	7,610	8,210	15.9	15.5	-0.4
Vernon	CA	B.C.	51,385	56,315	7,585	7,925	14.8	14.1	-0.7
Joliette	CA	Que.	41,585	46,995	7,405	8,605	17.8	18.3	0.5
Saint-Hyacinthe	CA	Que.	52,505	56,440	7,400	9,225	14.1	16.3	2.2
Rimouski	CA	Que.	49,910	53,345	7,355	6,980	14.7	13.1	-1.6
Brandon	CA	Man.	48,655	56,420	7,330	8,125	15.1	14.4	-0.7

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Note(s):

Footnote 1

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

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Footnote 2

Low-income concepts do not apply to certain geographic areas, i.e., geographic areas within territories and/or census subdivision types associated with 'on reserve' population.

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Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

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