Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,237,656	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,094,379 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.1	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	489,271	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	466,391	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,111.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	586.08	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,237,650	617,210	620,440	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	226,580	116,325	110,255	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	77,820	39,975	37,840	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	79,230	40,790	38,440	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	69,530	35,560	33,970	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	872,320	437,655	434,665	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	69,630	35,685	33,940	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	78,480	39,740	38,735	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	99,950	49,625	50,325	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	109,160	54,535	54,630	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	100,160	49,720	50,445	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	93,220	46,670	46,545	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	87,690	44,345	43,345	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	86,785	43,525	43,255	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	82,155	41,160	40,995	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	65,095	32,645	32,450	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	138,750	63,230	75,520	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	48,950	23,915	25,035	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	31,665	15,070	16,590	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	22,775	10,250	12,530	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	17,360	7,505	9,860	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	18,000	6,495	11,500	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	11,505	4,530	6,975	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	4,985	1,605	3,375	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	1,355	345	1,010	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	165	20	145	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.8	17.8	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.9	70.1	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	11.2	10.2	12.2	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.1	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	466,395	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	262,430	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,885	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	169,050	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	29,430	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	44,710	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,860	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	72,850	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,025	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	466,390	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	114,185	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	150,775	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	78,405	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	75,220	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	47,805	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,221,000	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,011,070	500,885	510,185	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	595,925	298,785	297,135	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	506,035	253,695	252,340	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	89,885	45,090	44,795	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	415,150	202,105	213,050	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	292,725	160,265	132,465	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	22,220	9,685	12,540	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	62,225	24,230	37,995	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	37,970	7,925	30,045	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	336,770	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	155,450	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	75,845	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	74,685	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	30,785	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	336,770	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	289,225	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	244,295	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	44,935	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	47,545	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	37,050	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	10,495	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	289,225	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	126,065	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	163,160	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	62,340	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	71,235	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	29,585	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	47,545	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	29,385	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	13,505	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	4,650	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	219,475	112,410	107,070	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	466,395	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	309,995	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	115,155	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	194,840	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,900	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	143,500	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	114,185	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	29,320	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	1,107,090	558,230	548,855	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	1,165	505	655	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	89,335	41,345	47,990	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	29,190	11,970	17,220	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	1,171,870	587,145	584,725	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	18,945	9,585	9,355	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	7,390	3,665	3,730	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	28,575	11,660	16,915	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	22,640	11,420	11,220	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.9	1.8	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,188,730	593,530	595,195	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	824,410	417,710	406,695	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	806,275	408,530	397,750	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	18,135	9,185	8,950	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	364,320	175,820	188,500	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	695	250	440	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	490	185	300	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	225	85	135	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	80	115	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	50	20	30	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	355	135	225
Woods Cree	5	5	10	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	70	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	10	50	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	5	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	50	10	45	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	20	10	10	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	20	5	15	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	5	5	0	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	25	15	15
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	90	25	70	10	5	5
Dakota	20	5	15	5	5	5
Stoney	70	20	50	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	363,630	175,570	188,060	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	28,940	15,185	13,760	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	130	75	55	725	405	320
Kabyle	60	30	30	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	40	25	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	2,465	1,225	1,240	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	50	30	20	250	140	110
Oromo	940	485	455	1,445	720	730
Somali	1,460	705	755	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	225	115	110
Semitic languages	26,300	13,855	12,450	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	4,045	1,950	2,090	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	18,355	9,860	8,495	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	280	150	130	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	70	40	30	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	480	240	245	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	35	15	15	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	2,750	1,460	1,290	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	205	105	110	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,365	6,235	7,125	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	835	400	435	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	12,520	5,830	6,685	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	46,370	20,125	26,240	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	190	85	105	595	260	330
Cebuano	1,925	820	1,100	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	40	20	15	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	665	260	400	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	2,540	1,110	1,435	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	20	5	15	100	45	55
Malay	760	330	425	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	260	125	130	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	125	50	70	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	39,235	17,045	22,185	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	140	65	75	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	475	200	275	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	605	305	300	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	415	205	210	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	180	90	85	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	5,125	2,670	2,460	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	285	145	140	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	2,075	1,065	1,010	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	1,805	955	855	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	930	490	440	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	175,190	86,705	88,485	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	1,325	700	630	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	245	130	120	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	29,575	13,830	15,745	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	495	235	260	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	165	80	95	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	325	155	170	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	29,080	13,600	15,485	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	20	10	10	515	230	280
Bosnian	780	390	395	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	925	475	450	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	1,890	930	960	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	1,360	640	720	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	150	75	75	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	7,670	3,610	4,060	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	9,255	4,185	5,070	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	1,815	910	905	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	515	250	265	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	1,070	520	555	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	100	135	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	3,350	1,485	1,860	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	115	60	60	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	25	450	210	240
Welsh	55	30	25	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	225	120	110
Germanic languages	15,710	7,520	8,185	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	805	400	410	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	755	385	370	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	3,455	1,725	1,725	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	35	15	15	1,240	630	620
German	9,925	4,665	5,255	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	65	35	30	210	100	110
Norwegian	220	95	130	940	405	540
Swedish	275	120	155	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	45	50	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	85	35	40	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	170	80	85
Greek	1,470	740	735	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	86,810	43,990	42,820	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	74,000	37,325	36,675	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	4,045	2,070	1,970	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	7,025	3,580	3,440	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	80	45	35	345	170	175
Konkani	165	80	85	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	840	430	410	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	1,925	1,010	915	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	45	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35,585	17,915	17,675	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	1,665	780	885	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	450	470	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	16,275	8,200	8,075	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	11,875	6,170	5,700	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	740	395	345	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	1,610	825	785	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	9,525	4,950	4,575	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	445	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	39,935	19,740	20,190	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	45	20	25	285	150	135
Italian	4,995	2,545	2,450	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	3,360	1,595	1,760	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	4,495	2,285	2,205	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	27,030	13,290	13,740	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	420	200	215
Japanese	2,305	815	1,495	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	1,200	635	565
Georgian	130	70	55	1,200	635	565
Korean	8,875	4,105	4,770	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	405	180	220
Mongolian	445	210	235	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	5,575	2,860	2,715	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	640	335	305	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	15	5	5	140	60	80
Edo	100	65	35	1,140	475	670
Ewe	55	35	25	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	40	365	180	185
Ga	55	25	25	600	275	325
Ganda	40	15	20	760	360	400
Igbo	680	360	320	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	85	40	45	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	70	75	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	60	60	1,330	545	785
Shona	290	145	150	1,455	660	790
Swahili	755	365	390	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	120	65	50	290	145	150
Yoruba	1,370	720	650	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,040	515	525	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,495	735	755	1,610	810	800
Dinka	720	360	355	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	775	370	400	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	235	130	105	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	85	45	45	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	145	90	60	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	68,080	32,050	36,035	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	66,845	31,435	35,410	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	33,690	15,835	17,855	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	340	155	185	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	28,335	13,360	14,975	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	45	20	20	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,675	745	925	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	195	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,385	1,150	1,235	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,240	615	625	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	265	135	130	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	280	135	150	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	550	280	265	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	1,005	365	640	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	430	195	230	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	565	165	400	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	10	15
Turkic languages	1,720	945	775	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	1,210	680	525	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	60	30	30	515	255	260
Uzbek	75	35	40	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	75	640	295	345
Uralic languages	3,755	1,810	1,950	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	90	45	45	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	280	105	170	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	3,390	1,655	1,735	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	190	130	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	38,055	18,530	19,530	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	3,195	1,525	1,670	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	33,110	16,170	16,940	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	1,005	515	490	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	750	320	430	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,143,930	571,575	572,355	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	931,960	468,085	463,875	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	924,325	464,195	460,125	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	7,640	3,895	3,745	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	211,970	103,485	108,480	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	185	90	90	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	125	65	60	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	30	30	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	25	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	5	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	5	0	5
Dakota	15	0	10	5	5	0
Stoney	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,790	103,400	108,390	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,940	9,160	8,780	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	60	35	25	345	175	170
Kabyle	25	15	10	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	1,640	800	840	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	45	25	25	170	80	85
Oromo	700	350	355	805	380	425
Somali	890	425	460	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	16,220	8,320	7,905	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	2,705	1,295	1,410	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	10,780	5,580	5,195	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	100	100	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	45	25	25	555	250	305
Hebrew	240	120	120	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	5	0	5	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	2,045	1,090	955	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	75	70	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,755	4,120	4,635	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	425	210	220	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	8,325	3,905	4,415	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	24,790	11,560	13,230	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	30	10	15	90	35	55
Cebuano	815	385	430	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	15	10	5	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	200	95	110	910	385	530
Ilocano	1,020	475	540	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	10	0	10	35	15	20
Malay	230	125	105	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	445	200	250
Pangasinan	15	10	10	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,195	10,340	11,855	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	380	175	200
Creole languages	280	145	140	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	215	110	110	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	3,110	1,580	1,530	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	115	60	55	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	1,275	645	630	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	1,155	580	575	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	550	285	270	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	35	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	97,070	48,290	48,785	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	610	325	285	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	105	55	50	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	13,295	6,505	6,795	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	225	120	110	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	80	45	35	860	350	515
Lithuanian	150	80	70	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	13,070	6,380	6,685	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	0	0	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	350	175	175	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	475	240	235	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	680	335	350	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	395	190	205	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	80	40	40	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	3,115	1,510	1,610	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	5,640	2,730	2,910	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	930	460	475	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	415	205	210	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	760	385	370	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	355	160	190
Celtic languages	15	10	5	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	60	30	25
Welsh	5	0	5	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	2,065	975	1,090	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	410	195	220	755	365	390
Danish	65	30	30	280	135	150
Dutch	395	190	200	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	0	0	0	90	45	45
German	1,085	505	580	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	15	10	5	45	20	30
Norwegian	25	10	15	70	30	40
Swedish	50	25	25	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	10	5	5	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	655	315	340
Greek	480	225	255	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	58,575	29,405	29,170	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	50,230	25,205	25,025	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	2,700	1,355	1,345	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	3,045	1,525	1,520	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	3,965	2,040	1,925	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	50	25	25	65	30	35
Konkani	35	20	15	540	260	280
Marathi	445	230	215	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	1,330	685	645	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	45	25	20	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,795	13,430	13,365	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	705	310	395	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	470	230	240	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	10,645	5,325	5,320	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	7,850	3,950	3,905	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	450	230	225	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	1,030	525	510	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	6,370	3,195	3,175	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	490	255	240	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	21,920	10,790	11,130	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	25	10	10	135	60	75
Italian	1,215	535	680	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	1,645	790	855	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	2,330	1,195	1,135	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	16,715	8,255	8,460	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	1,070	465	600	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	80	40	35	770	420	355
Georgian	80	45	35	775	420	355
Korean	6,340	3,015	3,320	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	275	130	145	225	115	110
Mongolian	280	130	145	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	1,745	840	905	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	300	155	145	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	25	10	15	305	120	180
Ewe	15	10	5	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	110	55	55
Ga	15	5	10	175	80	100
Ganda	5	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	135	65	70	540	265	275
Lingala	25	10	15	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	420	160	260
Shona	95	45	50	455	210	245
Swahili	340	155	185	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	65	35	25	130	65	65
Yoruba	330	155	170	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	900	435	470	550	260	290
Dinka	440	215	230	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	460	220	240	425	195	225
Sign languages	310	180	135	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	75	40	40	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	140	95	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,295	22,025	24,265	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	45,410	21,585	23,825	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	22,025	10,275	11,745	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	100	35	60	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	20,865	10,110	10,755	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	10	0	5	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	670	290	375	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,535	760	775	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	175	90	85	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	235	105	125	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	395	205	190	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	380	165	215	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	180	75	95	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	195	85	110	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	10	5	10
Turkic languages	980	510	470	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	770	385	380
Turkish	730	390	345	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	45	20	25	290	150	140
Uzbek	50	25	30	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	250	130	120
Uralic languages	1,295	640	660	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	15	5	15	790	290	500
Finnish	35	25	15	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	1,240	610	630	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	465	245	225
Multiple responses	82,850	40,485	42,365	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	2,160	1,080	1,075	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	79,110	38,650	40,460	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	370	180	190	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	1,215	565	645	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	1,013,605	508,710	504,900	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	92,670	46,130	46,540	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	11,895	5,435	6,460	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	104,740	49,860	54,880	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	605	240	365	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	104,130	49,625	54,510	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	640	325	320	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	1,130	535	600	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	995,125	494,055	501,070	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,760	469,085	475,675	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,329	52,561	35,519	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,950	469,140	475,810	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,523	45,393	32,357	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	883,485	448,790	434,700	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,196	52,389	34,907	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	543,870	215,680	328,190	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,952	1,869	3,373	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	769,375	399,655	369,720	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,639	52,188	36,017	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	995,210	494,100	501,115	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,390	469,290	476,095	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,771	85,509	50,286	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,555	469,340	476,215	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,910	66,244	41,754	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	883,795	448,920	434,875	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,519	86,325	50,138	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,805	215,575	328,230	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,459	6,381	6,511	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	769,535	399,690	369,845	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,591	79,653	48,313	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	995,210	494,095	501,110	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	361,015	205,600	155,405	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,913	73,256	57,818	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	89,601	103,821	70,787	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.6	91.2	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.3	79.1	74.1	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.4	8.8	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	995,125	494,055	501,065	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	50,360	24,965	25,395	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	944,760	469,085	475,675	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.9	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	123,335	48,650	74,680	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	118,265	47,890	70,370	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	107,715	43,760	63,960	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	92,285	41,415	50,870	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	88,695	42,385	46,305	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	75,965	38,245	37,720	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	62,445	33,330	29,115	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	50,120	28,200	21,915	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	40,085	23,095	16,990	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	34,025	19,435	14,600	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	151,815	102,675	49,140	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	83,580	52,185	31,390	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	68,235	50,485	17,750	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	995,125	494,055	501,070	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	50,170	24,915	25,255	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	944,950	469,140	475,810	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	95.0	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	126,295	49,590	76,700	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	123,390	50,210	73,185	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	124,510	51,355	73,155	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	115,510	53,830	61,680	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	107,240	53,445	53,795	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	83,795	44,620	39,175	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	62,835	35,585	27,255	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	47,860	27,685	20,175	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	153,515	102,820	50,695	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	36,125	21,065	15,065	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	24,865	15,440	9,425	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	92,525	66,320	26,210	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	995,120	494,055	501,070	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	225,745	94,400	131,345	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	769,375	399,655	369,720	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	77.3	80.9	73.8	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,400	36,470	43,930	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	49,660	21,190	28,460	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	84,725	36,915	47,810	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	73,195	31,700	41,495	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	70,515	32,850	37,660	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	69,210	33,630	35,580	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	60,825	30,800	30,025	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	50,320	27,550	22,770	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	41,285	23,440	17,850	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	189,240	125,105	64,135	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	33,800	19,870	13,930	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	29,690	17,030	12,655	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	125,750	88,205	37,550	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	466,390	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,300	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,048	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	114,180	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,329	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,651	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	352,210	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,386	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,189	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	137,359	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	109,284	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	114,225	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	71,377	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,965	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	352,215	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	158,757	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,252	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	466,390	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	7,095	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,255	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,365	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,760	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,865	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,220	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,590	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,320	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,780	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,950	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,105	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,665	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	226,460	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,690	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,510	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,900	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	73,355	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	466,390	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	7,680	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,440	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,780	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,760	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,315	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,280	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,695	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,750	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,610	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35,495	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,025	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	33,905	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,910	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,510	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	182,825	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,345	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,165	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,310	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	331,055	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,955	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,946	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	113,275	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,943	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,309	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	163,050	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,381	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,198	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,260	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,079	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,304	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	331,075	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	159,385	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,303	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	113,300	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,632	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,675	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	163,125	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	183,674	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,622	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,900	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,799	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,698	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,195	98,000	89,200	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,340	47,222	41,237	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,947	40,898	36,764	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	186,825	97,950	88,875	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,493	65,466	55,012	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,025	52,251	45,471	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,221,000	609,875	611,130	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	453,240	220,780	232,465	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	89,985	44,940	45,045	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	80,570	37,495	43,075	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	87,195	41,815	45,380	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	93,255	45,805	47,455	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	102,240	50,730	51,515	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	767,755	389,095	378,665	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	109,090	54,620	54,470	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	117,105	58,835	58,270	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	130,070	65,760	64,310	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	156,095	78,820	77,275	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	255,400	131,060	124,340	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,221,000	609,870	611,130	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	266,820	136,855	129,965	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	93,315	47,870	45,450	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	826,185	413,300	412,880	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	128,000	59,720	68,285	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	113,380	54,425	58,955	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	34,385	17,710	16,675	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	12,390	6,365	6,025	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	68,255	32,640	35,610	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	10,745	4,080	6,665	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.6	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.8	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	106,190	52,690	53,490	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	28,425	14,660	13,770	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	10,190	5,240	4,945	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	71,390	35,450	35,945	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	6,365	2,585	3,780	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.3	5.5	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	1,192,040	597,685	594,355	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	1,190,850	597,160	593,685	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	90,150	41,690	48,460	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	459,765	223,005	236,760	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	1,145	445	700	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	825	320	505	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	340	115	220	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	395	170	225	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	90	35	50	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	605	255	350
Woods Cree	55	10	45	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	235	115	115	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	40	60	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	90	35	55	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	125	55	70	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	70	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	10	0	10	10	0	10
Dene	20	10	15	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	90	35	50	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	20	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	10	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	10	0	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	0	15	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	120	35	90	40	10	30
Dakota	60	30	35	20	10	10
Stoney	80	15	65	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	458,645	222,570	236,070	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	40,545	21,255	19,290	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	205	140	60	925	505	415
Kabyle	110	65	50	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	80	10	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	3,580	1,825	1,760	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	65	40	20	355	200	160
Oromo	1,370	715	655	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	2,175	1,085	1,090	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	370	170	205
Semitic languages	37,380	19,665	17,720	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	5,745	2,910	2,840	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	27,475	14,610	12,865	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	145	160	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	95	45	50	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	1,550	740	805	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	35	20	10	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	3,550	1,925	1,625	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	135	110	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	160	95	65	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,185	8,185	9,005	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,140	620	520	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	16,105	7,590	8,515	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	58,325	25,175	33,155	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	165	65	100	755	340	425
Cebuano	2,680	1,205	1,475	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	120	65	55	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	920	365	560	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	3,645	1,580	2,060	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	45	15	25	215	115	100
Malay	1,440	680	765	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	200	210	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	205	80	120	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,150	23,645	31,505	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	190	70	115	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	550	235	320	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	1,665	820	845	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	1,070	530	540	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	565	275	290	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	7,020	3,670	3,350	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	530	270	270	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	2,475	1,300	1,175	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	3,140	1,635	1,505	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	1,295	680	615	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	231,575	115,000	116,575	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	1,685	885	800	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	295	165	130	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	34,535	16,765	17,775	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	590	280	305	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	230	115	115	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	360	165	195	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	34,175	16,590	17,580	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	70	30	40	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	1,230	655	575	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	1,075	575	500	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	2,520	1,240	1,280	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	1,635	770	860	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	270	145	120	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	8,895	4,245	4,650	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	13,245	6,395	6,855	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	2,300	1,135	1,165	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	565	310	260	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	1,460	800	655	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	150	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	4,465	2,025	2,445	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	440	205	235	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	165	80	85	1,480	720	765
Welsh	85	55	35	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	110	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	24,180	11,950	12,230	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	1,675	905	770	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	930	440	485	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	4,255	2,095	2,165	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	55	25	30	1,655	820	835
German	16,755	8,375	8,375	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	80	40	40	285	130	155
Norwegian	455	175	280	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	605	280	325	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	55	55	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	175	95	80	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	2,310	1,165	1,145	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	108,155	54,950	53,205	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	95,730	48,350	47,380	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	4,960	2,490	2,470	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	8,355	4,065	4,290	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	28,330	14,520	13,810	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	65	45	20	600	300	300
Konkani	370	195	180	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	1,525	795	730	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	2,210	1,220	995	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	46,930	23,830	23,100	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	2,605	1,145	1,465	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,360	675	680	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	24,925	12,725	12,200	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	13,295	6,980	6,320	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	950	520	430	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	2,160	1,165	990	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	10,545	5,540	5,005	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,135	610	525	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	65,685	31,890	33,795	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	70	40	30	515	275	240
Italian	8,880	4,390	4,490	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	4,950	2,430	2,525	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	5,560	2,875	2,690	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	48,635	23,450	25,185	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	1,355	745	605
Japanese	4,140	1,870	2,270	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	130	75	50	1,555	775	780
Georgian	130	75	50	1,555	770	785
Korean	9,895	4,585	5,305	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	655	310	345	515	225	285
Mongolian	650	305	350	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	11,345	5,770	5,575	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	1,050	560	490	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	15	10	10	385	195	185
Edo	215	130	85	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	70	30	35	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	70	55	700	320	375
Ga	85	55	30	1,340	645	695
Ganda	75	35	45	1,225	550	675
Igbo	1,420	745	675	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	425	230	195	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	80	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	475	205	270	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	2,290	1,140	1,150	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	330	195	135	730	355	375
Yoruba	3,265	1,670	1,595	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,050	995	1,060	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,655	765	890	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	785	380	400	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	875	380	490	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	1,495	625	870	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	805	305	505	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	710	335	375	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	78,975	37,670	41,305	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	77,485	36,945	40,545	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	42,435	20,075	22,360	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	425	185	245	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	38,790	18,285	20,505	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	60	35	25	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,350	990	1,360	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	570	250	320	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,020	1,485	1,535	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,520	735	790	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	345	160	180	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	295	145	150	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	805	405	400	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	60	95	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	545	775	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	555	255	300	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	830	315	515	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	2,525	1,340	1,180	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	350	170	185	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	1,650	940	710	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	135	60	70	700	350	345
Uzbek	245	110	135	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	915	450	465
Uralic languages	4,540	2,185	2,360	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	110	45	60	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	300	140	165	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	4,120	1,990	2,130	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	770	435	335	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,074,380	538,880	535,510	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	242,400	124,240	118,160	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	831,980	414,635	417,340	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	146,685	70,995	75,690	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	812,685	411,335	401,350	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	382,575	185,600	196,980	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	63,985	31,855	32,130	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	38,205	18,155	20,055	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	64,705	30,950	33,750	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	126,145	61,265	64,875	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	56,770	27,755	29,010	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	69,375	33,510	35,865	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	89,535	43,370	46,160	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25,805	12,940	12,865	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	382,580	185,600	196,980	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	34,915	17,805	17,115	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	64,760	33,690	31,070	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	74,440	34,200	40,240	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	172,630	82,925	89,705	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	35,830	16,980	18,850	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	382,580	185,600	196,980	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	40,965	19,530	21,435	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	1,420	640	780	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	5,545	2,630	2,910	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	2,335	1,180	1,160	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	825	410	415	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	485	260	230	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	2,830	1,280	1,550	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	4,105	2,050	2,055	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	1,075	445	635	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	1,375	655	720	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,700	4,910	5,790	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	10,255	5,070	5,185	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	72,995	36,510	36,485	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	990	955	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	1,225	640	590	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	1,200	585	615	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	5,715	2,730	2,990	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	890	470	425	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	1,845	925	920	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,620	855	765	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	3,625	1,955	1,670	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	2,915	1,555	1,360	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	6,395	3,015	3,375	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	1,075	480	595	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	4,225	2,125	2,105	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	3,870	1,685	2,190	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,055	530	525	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	2,855	1,310	1,545	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	22,150	11,435	10,715	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	10,375	5,235	5,140	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	39,195	20,065	19,135	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	745	400	345	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	2,840	1,510	1,330	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	5,195	2,565	2,630	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	2,605	1,275	1,330	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	660	340	320	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	7,360	3,825	3,540	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	1,340	635	705	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	2,675	1,410	1,265	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	15,770	8,100	7,670	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	225,895	107,730	118,170	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	3,200	1,715	1,485	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	3,095	1,590	1,510	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	34,535	15,920	18,610	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10,935	5,310	5,620	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	44,215	22,225	21,985	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,700	2,930	2,770	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	3,535	1,890	1,645	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	1,485	435	1,055	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,975	3,265	3,715	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	4,115	2,180	1,930	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	17,065	8,865	8,195	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	51,430	22,420	29,010	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	1,960	1,010	955	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,150	1,125	1,025	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	2,185	930	1,255	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	14,820	6,915	7,900	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	18,495	8,995	9,495	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,535	1,770	1,755	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	89,530	43,370	46,160	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	8,710	4,380	4,330	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	510	230	280	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	1,230	595	640	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	125	60	65	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	140	90	50	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	430	220	205	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	1,790	955	835	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,875	900	975	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,105	540	560	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	785	715	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	8,670	4,435	4,230	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	270	155	120	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	420	195	225	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	575	365	215	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	420	240	180	880	400	480
Romania	570	285	285	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	630	215	415	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	795	325	465	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,330	985	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	1,320	1,350	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	11,590	5,865	5,720	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	130	65	70	415	180	240
Cameroon	565	280	280	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	95	115	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	45	605	245	360
Egypt	1,095	570	525	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	1,035	600	440	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	1,585	735	855	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	185	70	120	655	275	375
Nigeria	3,780	1,975	1,805	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	240	90	150	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	435	255	185	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	70	40	30	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	2,150	1,045	1,105	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	59,835	28,215	31,620	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	465	255	215	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	745	350	395	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,205	2,795	3,410	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	225	1,985	800	1,190
India	12,665	6,425	6,240	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,240	1,125	1,115	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	1,220	645	570	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	215	110	110	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	330	75	255	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,800	730	1,070	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	500	265	235	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	1,115	585	530	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	4,325	2,110	2,220	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	21,130	9,560	11,570	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	340	170	170	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	335	160	180	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,380	700	675	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	320	110	215	1,015	435	580
Turkey	145	60	80	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	435	225	210	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	1,155	480	680	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	2,350	1,090	1,255	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	735	475	260	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	505	310	195	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	225	165	60	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	416,850	203,105	213,745	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	263,750	133,320	130,435	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	540,465	273,445	267,020	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	324,835	156,910	167,920	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	183,995	92,680	91,310	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	72,950	45,695	27,260	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	111,040	46,985	64,055	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	91,920	37,580	54,340	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	46,200	25,280	20,915	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,720	1,370	1,350	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	35,150	16,590	18,565	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,290	16,175	18,120	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	15,485	7,080	8,405	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	18,450	8,960	9,495	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	355	140	220	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	365	210	155	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	495	210	285	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185,915	593,285	592,635	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,221,070	609,870	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,565	5,675	6,890	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,208,505	604,195	604,305	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,325	3,855	4,470	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,080	3,720	4,360	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,865	2,680	3,190	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	2,105	995	1,110	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	60	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	250	140	105	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	135	95	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	37,965	18,100	19,865	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	36,440	17,385	19,050	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,225	9,535	10,695	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,850	7,710	8,140	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	140	215	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,530	715	815	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,455	675	780	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,174,775	587,920	586,860	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	441,710	217,600	224,110	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115,455	58,560	56,890	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	87,800	42,885	44,915	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	51,420	26,370	25,055	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	67,475	30,320	37,155	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	26,210	13,005	13,205	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	25,120	13,315	11,805	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	21,515	10,350	11,165	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,610	6,665	5,945	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	10,635	4,970	5,670	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	5,175	2,290	2,890	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,410	2,055	2,355	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,885	6,820	7,065	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	779,355	392,275	387,080	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	46,290	21,955	24,335	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,830	13,045	14,790	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	550	225	320	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	19,695	9,540	10,150	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	248,725	126,295	122,430	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	1,585	825	750	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	20,455	9,950	10,510	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	233,875	118,990	114,885	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	490	285	205	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	45	35	15	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	45	35	10	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	365	215	150	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	145	90	60	675	375	300
European origins	703,685	351,395	352,285	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	447,635	223,550	224,080	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	130	75	60	1,120	530	590
Cornish	85	15	70	755	370	385
English	253,760	125,995	127,765	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	169,125	81,845	87,290	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	295	165	135	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	204,615	101,690	102,930	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	23,395	11,360	12,035	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	31,570	15,495	16,075	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	100,320	49,510	50,810	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	35	15	20	1,235	495	740
Breton	20	0	15	290	175	120
Corsican	15	10	10	205	125	85
French	100,280	49,490	50,785	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,095	108,670	111,425	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	12,600	6,050	6,550	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	20	10	0	450	225	230
Belgian	5,485	2,700	2,790	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	45,565	22,740	22,820	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	475	190	285	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	145	70	70	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	169,470	83,405	86,070	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	220	110	110	915	500	415
Swiss	6,730	3,175	3,555	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	350	160	190	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,340	38,680	41,660	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	15,865	7,790	8,075	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	4,720	2,255	2,470	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	6,680	3,255	3,425	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	35,215	16,710	18,505	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	22,830	10,905	11,920	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,445	1,740	1,705	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	178,655	87,410	91,245	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	1,570	800	765	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	785	395	385	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	6,640	3,365	3,275	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,125	1,005	1,120	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	1,040	435	605	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	19,315	9,480	9,830	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	1,010	480	530	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	2,225	1,065	1,165	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	905	470	435	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	48,590	23,630	24,960	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	12,120	5,700	6,425	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	33,185	15,745	17,440	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	4,200	2,175	2,025	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	77,580	37,930	39,650	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	840	440	400	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	83,005	41,325	41,680	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	1,795	920	875	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,595	875	725	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	50	25	25	285	180	110
Croatian	5,575	2,835	2,740	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	60	25	35	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	6,155	3,160	2,990	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	37,810	19,030	18,780	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	155	75	75	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	485	230	255	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	505	250	255	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	125	70	50	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	7,650	3,870	3,780	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	3,200	1,610	1,590	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	115	60	55	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	1,600	870	725	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	20,655	9,665	10,990	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,420	720	700	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	115	50	60	965	425	540
Other European origins	8,585	4,240	4,345	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	180	80	100	1,585	805	780
Jewish	4,220	2,035	2,185	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	165	90	75	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	420	210	215	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,635	1,850	1,785	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	14,045	6,945	7,100	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	255	160	95	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	115	55	55	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	770	365	405	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	115	45	70	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	60	10	45	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	790	365	425	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	290	185	105	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	200	90	115	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	850	440	415	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	6,570	3,220	3,345	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	50	10	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	10	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	220	120	100	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	325	165	160	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	955	965	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	135	185	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,035	505	530	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,080	505	580	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,485	16,500	16,985	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	410	380	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	75	10	70	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	745	370	375	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	135	90	45	810	395	415
Bolivian	245	125	115	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	1,535	660	875	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	2,915	1,475	1,445	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	7,105	3,380	3,720	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	280	125	150	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	420	170	250	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	1,140	600	535	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	1,045	565	475	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	705	320	385	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	350	180	170	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	205	105	105	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	7,555	3,875	3,680	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	875	405	475	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	140	60	80	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	160	70	90	600	280	320
Peruvian	1,420	610	815	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	2,770	1,425	1,350	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	120	70	55	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	3,285	1,660	1,620	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,570	770	795	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	55,620	28,515	27,105	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	15,495	8,050	7,445	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	95	55	40	965	540	425
Angolan	155	70	80	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	65	45	20	1,205	620	585
Beninese	115	45	75	555	280	270
Burkinabe	20	0	15	415	190	225
Cameroonian	960	465	495	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	45	35	10	645	320	325
Congolese	1,340	640	695	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	285	165	120	1,025	545	480
Ewe	70	40	30	180	95	80
Gabonese	25	0	20	170	80	90
Gambian	75	40	35	630	305	330
Ghanaian	1,690	900	790	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	155	85	65	1,105	550	560
Ibo	1,055	535	515	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	135	75	60	1,350	600	745
Liberian	295	145	150	770	365	405
Malian	25	25	0	490	250	240
Malinké	25	10	10	345	160	185
Nigerian	7,395	3,875	3,515	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	45	25	20	135	80	55
Senegalese	275	185	90	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	215	110	105	1,175	585	585
Togolese	75	30	40	670	370	300
Wolof	40	30	10	80	45	35
Yoruba	1,670	920	755	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	580	260	325	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	11,070	5,795	5,275	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	810	415	400	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	340	195	145	1,845	985	860
Coptic	115	60	55	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	265	150	115	205	110	95
Egyptian	4,360	2,325	2,035	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	575	305	270	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	1,035	550	485	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	3,255	1,625	1,630	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	475	245	225	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	270	150	120	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	20,325	10,355	9,965	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	100	55	45	560	285	275
Amhara	220	115	105	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	185	100	90	870	455	415
Burundian	195	110	85	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	15	0	0	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	3,750	2,015	1,740	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	6,355	3,205	3,150	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	50	25	25	475	255	215
Kenyan	905	410	490	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	45	20	30	430	200	230
Mauritian	250	150	100	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	675	350	330	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	180	75	100	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	25	10	10	350	140	205
Somali	2,755	1,385	1,370	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	2,390	1,185	1,200	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	440	175	260	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	430	235	195	770	395	375
Ugandan	325	190	135	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	115	75	40	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	745	370	370	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	35	20	15	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,440	695	740	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	9,730	4,810	4,920	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	845	405	440	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	8,965	4,440	4,525	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	366,030	179,085	186,945	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,200	24,100	22,100	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	5,205	2,795	2,410	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,865	2,630	2,235	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	960	475	485	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	315	180	140	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	290	115	175	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	215	120	95	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	265	140	125	680	390	290
Iranian	8,350	4,335	4,015	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	3,645	1,910	1,740	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	695	370	325	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	560	290	265	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	290	120	170	1,325	610	715
Kurd	880	505	375	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	45	40	10	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	150	90	60	340	130	210
Lebanese	12,730	6,555	6,180	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	1,550	825	730	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	375	175	200	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	155	95	60	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	3,190	1,565	1,620	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	170	105	70	1,850	880	970
Tatar	340	145	195	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	2,455	1,345	1,110	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	55	40	20	695	345	355
Uighur	150	75	75	755	385	375
Uzbek	255	110	140	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	545	270	275	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,330	690	640	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	114,955	58,430	56,530	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	2,355	1,165	1,190	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	950	475	475	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	160	85	80	1,450	710	735
East Indian	84,575	42,715	41,860	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	285	145	145	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	295	140	150	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	575	275	295	1,795	900	895
Nepali	1,880	1,015	865	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	17,585	9,010	8,575	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	7,885	4,100	3,790	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	360	190	170	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	2,335	1,225	1,110	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	410	210	205	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,460	1,245	1,210	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	206,955	97,665	109,295	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	745	370	375	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,005	1,085	920	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	102,020	49,450	52,570	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	71,620	32,360	39,260	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	1,425	650	775	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	7,080	3,120	3,960	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	300	145	155	1,645	830	815
Korean	11,240	5,235	6,000	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	815	370	440	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	1,255	570	680	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	1,065	495	575	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	205	110	100	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	1,135	505	635	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	970	360	605	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	885	460	425	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	19,425	9,385	10,040	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	305	160	145	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	1,585	795	785	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,585	800	785	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	5,465	2,825	2,640	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	3,010	1,590	1,420	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	1,100	575	520	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	710	740	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	940	440	500	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	150	65	85	470	235	240
Maori	135	60	75	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	75	45	25	275	115	165
Samoan	60	45	10	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	115	60	55	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	333,250	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	133,190	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	466,440	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	104,630	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	361,810	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	1,765	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	50,715	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,125	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	163,430	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,405	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	466,440	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,900	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	71,525	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	67,640	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	58,660	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,710	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	454,640	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,800	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	444,145	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	22,295	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	46,435	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	136,445	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	60,915	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	73,380	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	52,615	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	50,200	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,455	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	446,360	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	20,075	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	466,440	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	260,935	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,705	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	17,800	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	466,440	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,330	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	90,020	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	101,280	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	99,230	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,280	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	45,995	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	8,305	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	464,080	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	360,895	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	103,180	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	88,930	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	333,235	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.7	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,586	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,611	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,322	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	517,942	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	133,190	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.2	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.7	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,308	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,354	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	995,205	494,095	501,110	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,445	68,580	65,865	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	257,010	128,455	128,555	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	603,750	297,060	306,685	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,455	48,585	16,870	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,950	13,665	10,285	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	41,500	34,920	6,585	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,745	74,265	101,485	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,685	13,040	18,640	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	330,865	161,175	169,690	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	230,230	109,110	121,120	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,400	8,030	9,370	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,655	4,235	4,425	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	63,930	32,975	30,955	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,650	6,835	3,820	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	720,405	359,295	361,110	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	58,820	32,035	26,785	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	157,735	80,555	77,180	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	503,850	246,705	257,145	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,370	38,010	12,360	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	17,770	10,345	7,425	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	32,600	27,670	4,935	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,365	60,495	80,870	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,545	10,545	15,000	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,575	137,655	148,920	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	198,340	93,270	105,065	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,525	6,595	7,930	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,705	3,540	4,165	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	57,340	28,925	28,410	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,670	5,320	3,350	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	995,205	494,100	501,110	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	391,460	197,040	194,425	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,950	8,325	11,620	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,260	2,270	995	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	6,060	10,630	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	27,690	10,035	17,655	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	625	2,415	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	6,980	1,835	5,140	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,525	2,845	5,680	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	60	65	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,015	840	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	1,630	1,050	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	3,755	1,880	1,880	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	740	150	585	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,540	23,280	42,260	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	125	610	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	2,740	5,395	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	825	6,910	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	12,205	4,310	7,890	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	860	200	660	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	10,290	2,320	7,970	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	25,590	12,765	12,825	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	139,545	58,510	81,030	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	65	105	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,950	1,200	5,750	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,420	57,245	75,180	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,295	17,580	14,710	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,155	4,080	6,080	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,025	2,915	3,110	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	115	195	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	14,470	10,030	4,445	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	445	885	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,160	17,580	9,580	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,105	15,375	6,735	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	1,460	210	1,250	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,300	1,805	1,490	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	300	190	105	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,635	120,755	20,880	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	5,350	3,270	2,080	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	58,720	46,645	12,070	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,770	21,725	5,045	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	22,095	21,395	700	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,140	18,540	605	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	9,525	9,180	345	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,055	4,780	4,275	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,665	2,630	2,030	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	2,145	2,245	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	82,035	17,425	64,615	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,885	3,385	3,500	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	72,655	12,730	59,930	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,495	1,315	1,185	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,590	11,340	12,245	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	15,855	5,095	10,760	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	20	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	3,285	2,220	1,070	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	3,810	395	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	60	20	45	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	45	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	720,405	359,295	361,110	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	216,550	112,590	103,965	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	26,940	5,300	21,645	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	26,945	5,295	21,645	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,545	6,820	9,725	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,680	1,850	830	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	13,860	4,970	8,895	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	23,135	8,215	14,920	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,595	525	2,075	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	5,900	1,535	4,365	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,335	2,405	4,925	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	60	55	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	815	675	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,020	1,200	820	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	3,135	1,550	1,585	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	540	125	415	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,210	19,660	36,545	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	615	120	500	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,080	2,340	4,745	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,295	650	5,645	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	10,610	3,525	7,085	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	730	175	555	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	8,665	1,870	6,800	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	22,200	10,975	11,225	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	118,600	49,620	68,980	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	65	85	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,890	970	4,915	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	112,560	48,580	63,980	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,200	13,905	12,290	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,375	3,285	5,095	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,955	2,410	2,545	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	105	135	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	11,620	7,790	3,835	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,005	315	695	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	24,470	15,875	8,595	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,410	14,175	6,230	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	1,165	175	995	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,635	1,370	1,270	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	255	160	105	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	117,760	99,215	18,545	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	4,450	2,585	1,865	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	51,090	40,000	11,090	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,885	17,690	4,200	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	30	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	18,060	17,455	600	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,035	14,555	480	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	7,210	6,925	285	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,865	4,030	3,835	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,890	2,135	1,760	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,975	1,900	2,075	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	67,250	14,710	52,540	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,835	2,905	2,930	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	59,180	10,680	48,500	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,235	1,125	1,110	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,835	9,340	9,495	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	12,475	4,170	8,305	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	65	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	10	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	2,685	1,845	835	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,530	3,195	335	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	50	15	30	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	35	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	995,210	494,100	501,110	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,465	197,035	194,420	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	603,750	297,060	306,685	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	445,270	219,840	225,430	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	308,130	151,020	157,110	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	137,140	68,825	68,320	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	158,475	77,220	81,260	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	18,870	10,835	8,035	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	27,005	10,400	16,605	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	18,585	9,255	9,330	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,830	7,345	5,490	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	11,810	5,565	6,250	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	1,175	680	500	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	68,200	33,145	35,055	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	720,405	359,290	361,110	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	216,550	112,590	103,965	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	503,850	246,705	257,145	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	367,885	181,930	185,960	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	254,900	125,155	129,745	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	112,985	56,770	56,210	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	135,965	64,775	71,185	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,875	8,305	6,565	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	24,980	9,530	15,450	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	16,790	8,220	8,570	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,210	5,270	3,940	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,395	4,800	5,595	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	1,025	605	430	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	58,685	28,040	30,645	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	995,210	494,100	501,110	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	727,400	386,440	340,960	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	658,130	347,640	310,490	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	69,270	38,805	30,470	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	267,810	107,660	160,150	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	73.1	78.2	68.0	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	66.1	70.4	62.0	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	8.9	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	995,210	494,100	501,115	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	245,050	97,105	147,950	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	750,155	396,995	353,160	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	374,015	215,020	159,000	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	376,140	181,975	194,160	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	727,400	386,440	340,960	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,460	332,765	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	632,520	328,780	303,740	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	79,705	50,675	29,025	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	727,400	386,440	340,960	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,190	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	712,225	379,460	332,765	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	78,170	50,195	27,970	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	126,355	40,255	86,100	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	79,675	61,985	17,695	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	46,840	9,625	37,210	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	72,725	23,280	49,445	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,040	8,195	10,845	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	163,590	72,885	90,705	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,345	92,710	6,640	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,845	8,085	1,760	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,635	12,240	4,395	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	727,400	386,440	340,960	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,455	332,765	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,485	1,435	1,055	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44,755	27,955	16,800	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	7,975	5,050	2,925	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	64,960	56,280	8,685	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	36,825	27,150	9,670	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	25,880	17,645	8,230	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	78,685	38,345	40,340	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,765	28,015	11,750	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	14,375	8,605	5,775	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	26,420	11,645	14,775	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,460	8,245	6,215	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	76,775	44,995	31,780	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,435	1,825	1,605	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,815	17,925	12,895	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	45,005	14,380	30,625	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	77,105	14,375	62,730	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,270	7,885	8,385	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	50,545	21,570	28,980	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,960	12,230	17,730	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	25,730	13,925	11,810	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	658,125	347,640	310,490	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	44,725	21,325	23,400	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,145	665	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	89,305	66,790	22,510	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	521,290	257,375	263,915	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,290	257,375	263,910	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	489,460	237,345	252,115	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,065	12,400	8,670	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,745	5,780	1,965	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	3,015	1,855	1,160	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	610,590	324,165	286,425	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	433,730	243,310	190,420	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,375	10,730	20,645	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	96,510	43,190	53,315	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	30,265	14,550	15,715	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	9,860	6,910	2,945	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	8,855	5,470	3,380	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	610,590	324,165	286,425	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	105,445	48,710	56,740	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	256,495	136,765	119,730	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	161,505	91,555	69,945	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	50,720	27,095	23,630	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	36,425	20,045	16,380	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	610,590	324,165	286,425	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,155	27,800	12,355	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,570	74,495	49,080	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	179,975	93,225	86,750	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,835	51,345	57,495	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,150	29,290	37,860	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	90,900	48,015	42,885	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	771,270	406,730	364,535	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	761,730	402,170	359,560	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	752,110	397,185	354,930	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	750,255	396,625	353,630	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	1,860	560	1,300	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	9,615	4,985	4,630	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,605	4,985	4,630	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	10	0	10	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	45	30	15	75	30	45
Arabic	240	150	90	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	10	20	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	10	0	10	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	290	495	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	785	290	500	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	145	175	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	15	0	15	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	140	145	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	15	10	10	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	10	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,690	1,360	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	20	15	10	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	310	155	155	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	310	155	160	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	10	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	10	10	10	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	100	70	25	1,925	960	960
Russian	155	60	100	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	10	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	25	0	20	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	50	35	20	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	10	10	10	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	10	10	10	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	1,070	725	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	980	670	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	15	10	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	20	10	10	730	255	475
Hindi	110	50	55	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	25	20	15	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	855	510	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	10	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	30	15	10
Urdu	105	40	65	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	135	85	50	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	20	15	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	115	65	50	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	435	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	10	10	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	90	45	45	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	50	35	15	300	140	160
Spanish	690	320	370	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	95	35	60	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	470	195	280	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	810	295	515
American Sign Language	25	10	20	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,365	2,330	2,035	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	4,330	2,310	2,015	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	2,830	1,465	1,365	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	1,360	770	590	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	90	50	45
Burmese	15	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	15	10	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	10	10	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	20	10	10	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	30	15	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	40	35	15	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	9,535	4,560	4,975	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	1,525	615	910	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	7,865	3,875	3,985	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	20	10	15	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	130	65	70	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	771,265	406,730	364,535	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	735,050	388,360	346,690	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	4,985	2,355	2,630	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	7,140	3,250	3,890	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	23,465	12,445	11,025	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	75	20	60	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	23,390	12,425	10,960	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	25	10	15	245	100	150
English and non-official language	110	50	55	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	495	265	230	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,205,770	601,970	603,795	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	1,014,540	505,275	509,265	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	191,230	96,700	94,530	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	142,630	72,720	69,910	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	48,595	23,975	24,625	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	28,020	13,785	14,235	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	13,535	6,780	6,755	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	14,490	7,005	7,480	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	20,575	10,185	10,390	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,143,585	569,985	573,595	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	615,955	305,415	310,540	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	527,630	264,575	263,060	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	330,990	167,285	163,700	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	196,640	97,285	99,355	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	109,560	54,755	54,805	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	40,130	20,085	20,050	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	69,425	34,670	34,755	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	87,080	42,525	44,555	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Ontario [Province]