Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Prince Edward Island [Province]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Prince Edward Island [Province] Map : Prince Edward Island [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	142,907	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	140,204	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.9	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	71,119	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	59,472	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.1	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,686.03	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	142,910	69,305	73,605	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	22,685	11,570	11,115	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	7,005	3,645	3,360	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	7,905	3,985	3,925	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	7,775	3,940	3,830	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	92,510	45,090	47,420	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	8,645	4,435	4,215	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	8,620	4,390	4,225	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	7,650	3,700	3,945	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	7,760	3,735	4,025	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	8,180	3,885	4,295	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	8,820	4,235	4,585	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	9,560	4,650	4,910	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	11,250	5,425	5,825	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	11,330	5,420	5,915	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	10,685	5,215	5,475	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	27,710	12,640	15,070	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	9,940	4,830	5,110	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	6,625	3,170	3,455	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	4,695	2,180	2,520	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	3,370	1,440	1,930	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	3,080	1,020	2,060	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	1,895	715	1,180	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	910	260	650	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	250	45	210	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	30	5	25	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.1	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	64.7	65.1	64.4	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	19.4	18.2	20.5	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.6	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	44.5	43.6	45.4	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	41,165	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,725	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,350	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	2,185	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,030	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,050	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,530	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	16,295	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	22,905	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	9,010	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	7,370	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	3,895	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,685	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	120,220	57,735	62,490	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	71,650	35,815	35,835	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	60,895	30,465	30,430	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	10,760	5,355	5,405	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	48,570	21,920	26,655	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	30,750	16,290	14,460	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	3,500	1,470	2,025	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	6,620	2,665	3,955	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	7,700	1,495	6,210	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	41,705	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	23,045	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	8,565	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	6,910	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	41,705	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	35,160	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	29,785	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	5,375	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,545	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	5,155	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	1,390	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	35,160	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	18,975	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	16,180	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	6,755	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	6,370	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	3,055	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	4,070	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	1,810	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	665	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,270	10,455	12,810	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	40,225	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	18,405	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	21,825	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	730	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	18,515	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	16,295	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,225	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	141,015	68,540	72,480	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	121,815	60,290	61,525	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	115	55	65	705	305	400
English and French	17,840	7,540	10,295	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	1,250	650	600	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	141,015	68,535	72,485	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	135,015	65,690	69,320	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	4,550	2,105	2,445	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	235	105	130	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	1,225	630	590	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,665	2,160	2,510	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	141,020	68,535	72,480	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	140,020	68,085	71,935	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	132,870	64,475	68,390	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	128,005	62,235	65,765	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	4,865	2,245	2,620	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	7,155	3,605	3,550	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	50	25	20	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	20	15	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	5	0	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,110	3,580	3,525	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	655	365	295	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	130	65	65
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	60	30	25
Somali	50	25	20	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	610	340	270	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	5	5	5	115	50	65
Arabic	575	315	260	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	210	115	95
Maltese	0	5	0	15	10	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	65	55	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Vietnamese	120	65	55	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	395	155	240	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cebuano	15	5	10	150	60	90
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ilocano	5	0	5	55	15	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	5	0
Malay	10	0	5	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	140	220	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	20	10	15
Creole languages	15	5	10	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	110	60	50	1,010	595	420
Kannada	15	5	5	40	20	15
Malayalam	55	30	25	365	205	165
Tamil	20	5	10	315	185	130
Telugu	20	10	10	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,320	1,260	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	95	55	45	275	130	140
Armenian	5	0	0	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	385	190	195	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	5	5	0	100	35	60
Latvian	5	5	0	50	20	30
Lithuanian	0	0	5	45	15	30
Slavic languages	380	190	195	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	30	15	10	120	60	65
Bulgarian	10	5	5	55	25	30
Croatian	25	15	10	225	105	115
Czech	15	10	10	205	105	100
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Polish	70	30	40	795	365	435
Russian	140	70	70	1,285	615	670
Serbian	20	10	10	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	80	40	40
Slovak	5	0	0	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	35	15	15
Ukrainian	45	20	30	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	20	10	5	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	145	65	85
Welsh	10	5	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages	900	460	435	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	20	15	10	120	55	60
Danish	20	15	5	160	105	60
Dutch	465	240	220	1,620	815	805
Frisian	35	20	15	35	20	15
German	320	155	165	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	0	5	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	5	0	0	110	60	50
Swedish	10	0	0	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	25	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Greek	10	5	10	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	685	340	345	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	500	240	260	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	40	25	15	475	290	185
Gujarati	5	5	5	195	125	70
Hindi	50	25	20	745	445	300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	70	35	35
Nepali	205	80	120	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	50	585	310	270
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	165	85	85
Urdu	50	25	30	575	330	245
Iranian languages	180	90	85	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	0	0	0	115	65	50
Pashto	0	0	0	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	180	90	85	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	475	250	230	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	65	40	25	745	400	340
Portuguese	80	40	40	520	245	270
Romanian	25	15	10	225	110	120
Spanish	305	150	150	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Japanese	95	25	75	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Korean	120	50	65	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	40	25	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	20	5	15
Igbo	5	5	0	45	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	50	15	30
Shona	0	0	0	30	15	15
Swahili	20	10	10	135	65	70
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	25	10	10	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Dinka	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25
Sign languages	15	10	10	190	90	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,790	1,420	1,365	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	2,740	1,400	1,340	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	210	95	110	1,145	535	610
Hakka	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mandarin	2,165	1,170	995	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	295	100	190	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	30	15	20
Burmese	20	10	10	15	5	10
Karenic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	155	55	100
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	5
Thai	20	0	15	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	5
Turkish	20	10	10	305	165	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uzbek	5	0	0	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	90	50	40	415	180	235
Estonian	5	5	0	40	20	25
Finnish	20	10	10	95	30	60
Hungarian	65	35	25	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	10	15
Multiple responses	995	450	540	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	485	210	275	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	460	220	240	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	30	15	15	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	141,015	68,535	72,485	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	139,500	67,810	71,690	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	134,930	65,480	69,445	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	132,670	64,445	68,225	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	2,260	1,035	1,225	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	4,575	2,325	2,245	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	10	5	0	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,565	2,325	2,245	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	235	205	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	45	20	25
Somali	30	15	15	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Semitic languages	410	215	190	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	0	0	0	55	25	30
Arabic	395	210	185	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	125	70	55
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	55	40	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	55	45	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	100	135	1,140	550	585
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ilocano	0	5	0	15	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	100	130	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	0	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	425	240	185
Kannada	10	5	5	15	5	10
Malayalam	40	25	15	140	75	60
Tamil	0	5	0	140	80	60
Telugu	5	0	0	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	560	555	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	45	30	20	110	60	55
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	90	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages	180	85	90	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	65	30	30
Bulgarian	5	5	0	25	15	10
Croatian	5	5	5	65	25	40
Czech	5	0	0	45	25	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	20	5	10	235	105	125
Russian	85	40	45	785	385	390
Serbian	10	5	5	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	30	15	10
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	60	35	30
Welsh	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	200	100	100	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	5	5	5	30	15	15
Danish	5	0	5	15	0	15
Dutch	75	40	40	135	70	70
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	0
German	100	50	50	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	5	0	5	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	460	225	240	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	320	150	170	1,850	995	860
Bengali	25	10	10	250	135	115
Gujarati	5	5	0	100	60	35
Hindi	10	5	5	310	190	120
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	170	70	100	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	250	125	125
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	95	45	50
Urdu	20	10	10	340	175	165
Iranian languages	135	70	65	960	475	480
Kurdish	0	0	0	85	50	40
Pashto	0	0	0	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	135	70	65	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	120	95	1,240	595	645
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	165	70	85
Portuguese	25	10	10	195	90	105
Romanian	15	5	5	70	35	35
Spanish	165	95	70	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	45	15	25	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	35	40	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	60	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sign languages	15	10	5	285	145	140
American Sign Language	5	5	0	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,395	1,240	1,160	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	2,370	1,225	1,145	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	115	50	65	640	335	310
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,925	1,070	855	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	270	85	190	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	20	5	0	5
Burmese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	55	20	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	15	5	5	140	70	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	75	35	40
Estonian	0	5	5	5	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	35	20	20	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	1,520	725	790	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	350	140	205	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	1,150	575	575	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	5	0	0	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	141,015	68,540	72,480	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	133,895	65,280	68,610	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	2,550	1,215	1,335	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	2,850	1,205	1,650	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	1,635	795	840	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	25	10	15	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	1,605	785	825	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	15	0	10	150	70	80
English and non-official language	30	15	15	220	105	115
French and non-official language	40	15	25	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	117,055	56,365	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,480	54,635	58,845	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,744	36,021	28,065	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,500	54,635	58,860	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,298	31,453	25,484	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	102,410	50,325	52,080	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,979	31,133	23,501	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,220	38,945	48,280	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,232	8,959	7,645	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,035	43,395	42,640	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,851	29,875	24,280	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	117,055	56,365	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,455	54,690	58,775	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,899	43,979	34,171	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,470	54,685	58,785	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,504	36,004	29,249	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	102,480	50,470	52,015	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,474	40,517	30,579	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,040	38,985	48,055	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,236	8,696	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	43,380	42,655	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,919	39,152	30,613	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	117,050	56,360	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	38,235	19,905	18,330	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,183	48,030	42,618	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	51,473	55,726	46,855	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.5	85.1	79.4	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.5	14.9	20.6	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	117,055	56,365	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	3,570	1,725	1,845	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	113,485	54,635	58,845	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	97.0	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,190	6,250	7,940	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	20,695	8,245	12,450	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	18,775	7,895	10,880	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	16,825	8,085	8,745	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	13,650	7,035	6,610	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	9,365	5,095	4,270	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,490	2,645	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,515	2,065	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,625	1,375	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	1,725	1,085	645	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	4,525	3,320	1,205	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	3,220	2,310	910	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	1,305	1,010	295	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	117,050	56,365	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	3,555	1,725	1,830	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	113,500	54,635	58,860	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	97.0	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,850	6,410	8,435	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	22,520	9,115	13,405	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	23,185	10,240	12,940	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	19,990	10,010	9,985	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	13,485	7,175	6,305	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	4,550	3,510	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	4,980	2,625	2,355	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	2,435	1,570	865	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	3,995	2,945	1,040	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	960	395	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	825	595	230	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	1,815	1,395	415	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	117,055	56,365	60,690	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	31,015	12,970	18,050	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	86,035	43,395	42,640	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	73.5	77.0	70.3	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,240	5,470	5,775	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	8,730	3,810	4,920	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	15,030	7,035	7,995	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	11,410	5,440	5,970	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	10,230	4,910	5,325	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	8,635	4,475	4,155	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	6,355	3,565	2,790	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	2,325	1,855	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	1,785	1,630	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	6,795	4,580	2,225	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,205	1,030	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	805	435	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	3,320	2,565	760	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,163	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,434	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,290	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,861	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,785	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	43,180	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,250	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,840	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,210	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,017	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,240	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,396	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,789	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	43,230	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,043	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,375	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	790	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	795	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,455	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,215	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,770	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,230	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,950	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,910	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,905	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,185	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,845	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,135	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,765	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,515	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,130	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,725	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	845	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	805	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,445	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,330	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,435	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,680	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,690	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,505	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,280	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,215	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,545	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,940	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,145	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,075	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	41,480	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,607	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,071	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	18,085	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,078	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,702	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	16,390	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,568	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,712	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,073	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,468	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	41,545	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,477	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,626	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	18,100	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,333	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,980	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	16,350	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,348	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,328	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,145	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,502	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,639	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,050	9,545	11,505	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,886	29,448	26,731	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,260	26,181	24,551	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	20,935	9,590	11,340	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,224	36,569	34,087	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,060	30,819	29,418	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	139,685	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	82,130	38,970	43,160	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	14,010	6,555	7,455	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	18,400	8,230	10,170	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	16,875	8,095	8,780	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	16,630	8,135	8,495	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	16,215	7,960	8,255	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	57,555	28,925	28,630	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	15,765	7,885	7,880	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	14,160	7,130	7,035	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	11,940	5,970	5,970	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	9,550	4,840	4,715	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	6,140	3,100	3,035	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	139,090	67,610	71,480	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	27,505	14,040	13,465	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	8,435	4,385	4,055	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	85,800	41,555	44,240	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	25,780	12,010	13,775	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,460	10,585	12,870	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	5,980	3,015	2,965	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	2,030	1,025	1,000	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	12,380	5,625	6,755	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	5,100	1,945	3,155	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.9	15.7	18.0	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	21.7	21.5	22.0	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	24.1	23.4	24.7	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.5	15.3	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	19.8	16.2	22.9	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,730	4,215	4,515	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	2,045	1,045	1,000	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	670	335	340	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	6,210	2,995	3,220	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	480	180	300	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	6.2	6.3	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.4	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.3	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	139,685	67,895	71,785	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	138,860	67,475	71,380	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	138,735	67,430	71,305	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	17,875	7,360	10,515	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	8,685	4,305	4,375	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	80	40	40	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	30	40	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	70	30	40	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10	0	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,605	4,270	4,340	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	430	315	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	0	10	155	65	95
Bilen	0	0	0	20	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Somali	15	10	10	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages	735	425	310	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	0	0	0	260	135	120
Arabic	650	375	275	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	80	45	40	630	370	260
Maltese	0	0	0	25	0	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Vietnamese	55	30	20	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	660	280	375	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	30	10	25	185	80	100
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	20	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	40	15	25	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	15	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	615	255	355	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Creole languages	55	35	25	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	170	105	70	1,365	785	580
Kannada	40	20	20	75	45	35
Malayalam	105	60	40	560	310	250
Tamil	40	25	15	450	260	190
Telugu	10	10	0	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,970	1,940	2,035	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	90	60	35	405	185	215
Armenian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	490	215	270	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	10	0	0	110	35	80
Latvian	10	10	0	50	15	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	55	15	40
Slavic languages	485	210	275	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	20	15	10	145	60	80
Bulgarian	10	0	0	75	35	35
Croatian	40	10	30	275	105	165
Czech	35	20	15	210	95	110
Macedonian	0	0	0	90	55	30
Polish	80	25	55	900	410	490
Russian	255	125	135	1,945	970	970
Serbian	40	20	20	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	115	70	50
Slovak	0	0	0	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	10	35	10	20
Ukrainian	25	10	10	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	85	50	35	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	30	910	400	505
Welsh	30	20	0	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	155	80	75
Germanic languages	1,225	575	655	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	25	15	10	320	140	175
Danish	60	25	35	235	125	110
Dutch	550	260	285	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	55	30	15	60	30	30
German	570	250	325	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	0	0	0	100	40	60
Norwegian	25	10	15	150	105	40
Swedish	15	0	15	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	10	20	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	45	85
Greek	40	10	30	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	900	470	430	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	635	320	315	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	25	15	10	625	350	275
Gujarati	0	0	0	240	150	90
Hindi	165	95	60	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Marathi	0	0	0	135	85	45
Nepali	250	100	150	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	85	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	245	125	120
Urdu	75	40	35	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	265	145	115	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	110	75
Pashto	0	0	0	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	265	150	115	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	1,290	610	680	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	190	100	90	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	175	105	70	910	480	430
Romanian	25	0	15	240	140	105
Spanish	945	420	530	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	70	55	20
Japanese	125	60	65	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Korean	185	85	100	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	200	90	105	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	65	40	30
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20
Ganda	0	0	0	60	15	40
Igbo	40	15	25	70	45	30
Lingala	10	0	0	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	130	65	65
Shona	0	0	0	65	40	35
Swahili	20	10	15	370	200	175
Wolof	0	0	0	35	15	20
Yoruba	75	40	40	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	30	10
Sign languages	95	45	50	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	25	0	20	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,460	1,260	1,205	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	2,445	1,245	1,200	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	300	115	185	1,555	730	820
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	2,105	1,110	990	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	10	30	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	40	65	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	75	35	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	20	10	15
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	240	110	130
Lao	0	0	0	20	0	10
Thai	20	10	10	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	20	20	0
Turkish	55	30	30	480	225	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	105	50	55	430	200	230
Estonian	0	10	0	50	25	20
Finnish	20	10	15	120	55	70
Hungarian	80	35	40	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	139,685	67,900	71,785	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	133,655	64,805	68,845	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,415	13,440	12,975	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,235	51,365	55,875	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	6,035	3,090	2,940	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	139,685	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	129,405	62,795	66,610	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	8,940	4,375	4,565	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	2,460	1,185	1,275	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	565	240	325	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	670	330	340	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	1,890	950	935	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	560	295	260	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	1,335	650	680	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,360	1,670	1,690	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,340	725	615	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	8,940	4,375	4,565	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	1,065	515	550	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	1,895	960	935	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	1,410	690	720	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	3,660	1,710	1,950	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	910	505	405	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,940	4,375	4,565	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	1,545	700	850	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	20	15	0	175	75	100
Colombia	60	20	35	175	90	85
El Salvador	10	0	0	95	50	45
Guyana	0	0	0	170	85	90
Haiti	25	10	10	55	30	30
Jamaica	30	20	10	480	210	275
Mexico	20	0	15	325	155	175
Peru	15	10	0	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,205	550	660	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	150	60	85	1,430	675	750
Europe	3,015	1,560	1,455	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	210	115	100
Croatia	20	0	15	180	75	105
France	55	40	15	610	330	280
Germany	260	100	155	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	15	10	0	505	270	235
Hungary	65	30	30	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	50	35	10	475	225	255
Italy	60	35	30	525	310	215
Netherlands	470	220	250	1,645	790	855
Poland	55	20	35	630	265	365
Portugal	70	35	30	220	140	80
Romania	15	0	0	180	100	80
Russian Federation	80	35	45	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	15	90	45	45
Ukraine	45	25	15	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,370	755	615	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	335	180	155	1,930	985	945
Africa	340	170	170	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	0	0	0	25	15	15
Egypt	70	45	30	770	395	370
Ethiopia	0	10	0	185	105	85
Kenya	10	0	0	125	75	50
Morocco	10	10	0	80	50	30
Nigeria	70	25	40	350	185	165
Somalia	10	0	10	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	40	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	45	1,465	790	675
Asia	4,005	1,935	2,075	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	0	0	0	100	40	60
Bangladesh	10	0	10	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,835	895	940	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	50	50	280	130	155
India	225	105	115	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	230	130	95	970	525	440
Iraq	20	10	10	525	250	285
Japan	45	25	20	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	105	35	65	870	340	530
Lebanon	95	65	30	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	50	30	20	615	315	295
Philippines	475	200	285	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	205	100	105	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	80	40	40	225	100	120
Viet Nam	55	35	20	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	435	175	255	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	10	15	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,355	1,670	1,690	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	190	95	100	1,390	675	715
Brazil	10	15	0	95	40	55
Colombia	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cuba	10	0	10	70	40	30
Haiti	20	10	10	20	15	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	195	100	95
Mexico	0	0	0	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	55	70	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	275	115	165
Europe	390	200	180	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	10	10	0	110	55	55
Germany	35	10	25	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	20	0	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Romania	0	0	0	40	25	15
Russian Federation	40	20	20	180	75	100
Ukraine	20	10	10	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	65	45	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	155	70	85	355	165	190
Africa	130	65	65	1,085	600	485
Algeria	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	25	10	205	105	95
Eritrea	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ethiopia	0	0	0	45	35	10
Morocco	10	10	0	30	15	10
Nigeria	20	10	10	200	100	100
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0	80	35	45
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	365	220	150
Asia	2,650	1,305	1,345	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,395	710	685	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	40	25	20	10	0	0
India	125	60	65	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	45	260	135	125
Iraq	20	10	0	245	125	120
Israel	15	15	0	280	180	100
Japan	10	10	0	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	225	75	150
Lebanon	15	10	10	75	35	40
Nepal	75	40	40	185	95	85
Pakistan	20	10	10	145	80	65
Philippines	380	165	215	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	185	95	95	890	420	460
Taiwan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkey	15	0	10	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	10	10	10	70	45	20
Viet Nam	40	20	20	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	125	40	90	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	70	50	20
Australia	0	0	0	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	139,690	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,800	5,380	5,420	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	9,010	4,190	4,825	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	119,875	58,325	61,545	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,565	3,230	3,335	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,750	2,455	2,295	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,835	1,220	615	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,915	1,240	1,680	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,040	435	610	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	720	315	405	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	30	20	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	139,685	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,735	1,305	1,435	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,655	1,265	1,395	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,870	905	970	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	710	330	380	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	45	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	15	10	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	30	35	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	136,945	66,595	70,355	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	139,690	67,900	71,790	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,190	580	615	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,490	67,315	71,170	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	139,690	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	925	465	460	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	910	465	445	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	840	415	420	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	45	40	10	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	10	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,040	1,860	2,180	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,965	1,830	2,140	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,140	1,450	1,690	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	340	395	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	45	50	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	70	30	40	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	20	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	134,725	65,575	69,155	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	139,685	67,900	71,790	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,640	3,325	3,320	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	920	470	450	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	2,570	1,265	1,305	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	825	425	400	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	670	310	360	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	255	140	115	1,685	820	865
Arab	585	340	250	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	145	55	90	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	215	115	95	1,540	805	740
Korean	210	95	120	1,540	685	855
Japanese	110	50	60	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	55	15	35	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	85	40	50	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	133,045	64,575	68,470	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	139,685	67,895	71,790	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	4,960	2,325	2,640	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,060	1,895	2,165	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	165	70	95	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	830	390	435	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	62,075	29,940	32,130	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	3,485	1,730	1,755	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	1,020	515	500	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	59,270	28,485	30,785	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	65	35	25	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	10	0	0	95	65	35
Québécois	0	0	10	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	20	0	15
European origins	98,615	47,695	50,920	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	85,140	41,095	44,045	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	0	0	0	90	25	60
Cornish	15	10	10	105	45	65
English	40,310	19,035	21,275	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	38,510	17,905	20,605	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	10	10	0	145	70	70
Scottish	50,685	24,075	26,615	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	2,415	1,055	1,360	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,725	795	930	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	25,950	12,300	13,650	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	10	0	10	25	20	10
Breton	10	0	0	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	20	20	0
French	25,935	12,290	13,650	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,625	5,550	6,075	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	205	95	110	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belgian	440	250	190	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	4,355	2,130	2,230	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	15	15	0	160	80	80
Frisian	25	15	0	50	20	30
German	7,060	3,280	3,785	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	0	0	0	30	20	10
Swiss	210	115	90	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,915	980	935	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	675	325	345	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	210	75	135	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	90	70	20	660	295	370
Norwegian	415	215	200	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	460	220	240	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	170	115	55	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	3,030	1,360	1,670	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	45	20	25	280	130	145
Byelorussian	10	0	10	195	85	105
Czech	95	40	55	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	75	30	45	420	175	245
Estonian	50	20	25	345	185	165
Hungarian	310	130	175	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	55	20	35	380	160	220
Lithuanian	90	35	60	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Polish	1,155	540	620	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	130	55	70	1,190	540	650
Russian	500	200	300	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	55	20	35	610	320	290
Ukrainian	930	420	505	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	30	15	310	150	160
Southern European origins	2,650	1,260	1,390	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	100	60	40	285	140	145
Bosnian	25	10	20	155	75	75
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	185	75	110	680	325	360
Cypriot	0	0	0	40	30	15
Greek	175	75	100	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	1,200	570	625	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	20	15	0	255	115	145
Macedonian	10	0	10	165	90	80
Maltese	40	15	25	440	215	220
Montenegrin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	325	145	180	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	85	45	45	255	120	135
Sicilian	25	20	10	40	20	15
Slovenian	30	15	10	150	70	85
Spanish	515	245	265	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	85	50	40
Other European origins	430	205	225	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	10	10	0	160	75	85
Jewish	215	105	110	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	205	100	110	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	325	145	180	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	0	0	0	100	50	55
Bahamian	30	20	0	230	105	115
Barbadian	10	0	10	575	300	275
Bermudan	15	0	10	185	90	100
Carib	0	0	0	45	30	10
Cuban	0	0	0	340	145	195
Dominican	20	0	15	150	85	65
Grenadian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	15	15	115	50	65
Jamaican	155	65	95	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	15	115	40	75
St. Lucian	0	0	0	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	420	215	205	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	185	90	100
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	10	65	40	25
Belizean	15	10	10	25	20	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Brazilian	50	35	15	280	140	135
Chilean	25	20	10	130	80	45
Colombian	80	35	45	430	210	225
Costa Rican	10	0	0	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Guatemalan	45	25	20	90	65	35
Guyanese	15	10	0	350	160	195
Hispanic	10	0	10	60	35	25
Honduran	0	0	0	50	35	20
Maya	40	20	20	70	35	30
Mexican	100	40	55	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	45	20	25
Panamanian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	10	180	85	95
Salvadorean	0	10	0	110	75	35
Uruguayan	0	0	0	15	0	20
Venezuelan	0	0	0	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	185	80	105
African origins	980	480	495	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	180	85	90	1,335	700	635
Akan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	180	95	85
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	20	0	10	185	105	85
Guinean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Ibo	0	0	10	90	50	40
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	130	60	70	445	240	210
Peulh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	80	45	35
Togolese	0	0	0	70	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	120	65	50
North African origins	205	105	100	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Berber	0	0	0	70	50	20
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	120	65	55	1,295	695	600
Libyan	35	15	20	215	105	110
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	35	25	15	130	60	70
Sudanese	0	0	0	130	50	80
Tunisian	0	0	0	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	115	55	55	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	0	0	0	25	10	20
Amhara	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	160	85	75
Ethiopian	10	10	0	280	120	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	160	85	75
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	0	15
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Rwandan	0	0	0	105	55	50
Seychellois	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	10	180	75	100
South African	40	20	25	520	255	265
Tanzanian	0	0	0	60	45	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ugandan	20	10	10	60	25	40
Zambian	0	0	0	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	100	55	45
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	170	100	75
Other African origins	515	240	270	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	20	15	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	480	225	255	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	6,485	3,270	3,215	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,625	920	705	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	10	0	10	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	155	100	50	1,600	835	770
Armenian	35	15	15	265	160	110
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	20	20	0
Georgian	15	10	0	20	15	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	295	160	130	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	15	10	10	595	270	325
Israeli	55	45	10	245	120	120
Jordanian	0	0	0	260	150	115
Kazakh	0	0	0	45	30	20
Kurd	0	0	0	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	715	410	300	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	65	35	30	990	535	455
Pashtun	0	0	0	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	725	470	255
Syrian	245	115	135	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tatar	10	0	10	40	15	25
Turk	35	25	15	690	320	370
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	90	60	30
Yemeni	0	0	0	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	15	15	780	410	370
South Asian origins	975	490	485	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	240	135	110
Bengali	10	10	0	65	40	20
Bhutanese	135	50	85	225	100	125
East Indian	615	330	285	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepali	185	75	110	430	220	210
Pakistani	75	45	30	665	405	260
Punjabi	15	10	0	230	110	115
Sinhalese	10	0	0	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	45	20	25	340	150	190
Tamil	0	0	0	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,920	1,870	2,045	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	10	10	0	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	55	15	40
Chinese	2,735	1,340	1,400	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	725	330	395	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	140	65	75
Japanese	110	50	60	905	385	515
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	100	120	1,590	700	895
Laotian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Malaysian	35	15	20	80	30	45
Mongolian	20	0	15	55	30	30
Singaporean	0	0	10	10	10	0
Taiwanese	20	10	15	240	100	140
Thai	40	20	20	245	85	155
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vietnamese	85	45	40	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	15	10	10	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	10	410	190	215
Oceania origins	90	35	55	895	450	445
Australian	50	20	30	490	255	235
New Zealander	30	15	20	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	10	125	55	70
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Maori	0	0	0	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	41,780	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	17,575	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	115	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	58,175	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	5,245	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,700	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,550	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,845	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,800	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	10,105	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	9,255	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	8,590	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,730	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,165	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	310	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	58,035	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	1,435	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	14,895	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,265	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,080	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,580	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,160	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,555	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,930	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	54,925	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,545	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	59,475	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	34,035	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	24,590	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	845	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	59,470	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,855	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,100	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,010	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,755	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,710	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,200	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,160	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	1,675	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	58,240	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,395	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,850	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,590	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,830	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.8	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.1	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	805	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	932	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,651	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,966	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,540	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.8	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.3	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	793	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	818	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	117,055	56,360	60,690	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,425	12,550	9,875	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	31,815	16,050	15,765	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,815	27,760	35,055	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,480	6,690	2,790	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,235	3,280	1,955	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,245	3,410	835	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,860	10,700	17,160	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,070	1,055	2,010	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,410	9,320	13,090	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	15,435	6,335	9,100	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	535	750	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	340	275	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	4,370	1,710	2,665	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	705	400	300	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	74,315	35,620	38,695	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,950	5,545	3,405	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,670	9,735	8,935	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,695	20,340	26,360	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255	4,445	1,810	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,525	2,210	1,315	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,735	2,235	495	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,975	8,235	12,740	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	720	1,135	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,605	6,930	10,675	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	12,070	4,760	7,310	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	950	375	575	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	255	260	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	3,530	1,260	2,275	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	545	285	260	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	117,050	56,360	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	54,240	28,605	25,635	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	670	705	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	140	60	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	1,175	530	645	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	2,910	1,240	1,665	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	20	90	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	725	215	505	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	210	510	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	135	70	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	220	155	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	625	395	230	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	140	40	95	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,240	1,535	3,700	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	135	270	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,215	90	1,130	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	895	260	635	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	20	75	610	135	475
42. Psychology	1,240	315	930	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	1,325	700	625	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	15,445	4,425	11,020	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	10	40	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,350	240	1,110	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,050	4,180	9,870	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,450	1,070	1,380	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,185	445	735	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	690	275	415	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	0	40	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	450	320	130	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,010	1,250	760	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,700	1,110	595	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	105	25	80	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	95	80	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,875	11,145	735	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	290	185	105	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	1,170	1,005	170	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,045	1,795	250	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	3,960	3,900	65	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,890	2,800	85	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	1,510	1,460	50	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,705	1,180	525	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,210	850	360	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	335	165	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	10,435	1,620	8,820	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	690	370	320	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	9,615	1,165	8,445	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	140	85	50	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,290	2,355	1,935	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	2,375	605	1,770	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	20	0	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	685	595	90	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,160	1,085	70	9,220	8,625	600
Other	0	0	10	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	74,315	35,620	38,695	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,615	15,280	12,335	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	3,400	800	2,595	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	3,395	800	2,595	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	510	520	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	910	425	490	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	2,045	820	1,225	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	10	80	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	560	165	395	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	140	320	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	100	50	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	140	130	1,330	795	535
54. History	390	230	160	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	110	30	80	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	1,190	3,075	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	30	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	105	235	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	75	915	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	765	185	585	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	460	100	355
42. Psychology	970	240	725	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	1,075	550	525	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	11,760	3,395	8,360	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	35	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,140	190	955	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,575	3,200	7,380	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,795	740	1,055	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	950	340	605	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	175	275	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	0	35	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	315	205	105	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,725	1,075	655	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,515	975	535	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	65	15	50	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	65	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,580	7,965	615	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	90	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	875	730	140	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,655	1,425	230	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	2,690	2,645	45	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,070	1,995	80	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	1,060	1,035	30	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	850	435	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	885	585	300	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	405	270	130	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	7,525	1,225	6,300	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	465	240	230	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	6,950	915	6,035	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	70	45	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	1,765	1,520	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	1,845	470	1,380	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	555	470	80	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	795	65	7,045	6,595	450
Other	0	0	0	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	117,050	56,360	60,690	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,240	28,600	25,635	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	62,815	27,760	35,050	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	57,805	25,305	32,500	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	38,620	16,610	22,020	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	19,180	8,700	10,480	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,010	2,455	2,555	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,310	660	650	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	380	140	235	1,530	540	995
India	165	75	90	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	685	390	295	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	935	425	510	1,080	445	635
France	45	25	25	350	210	145
Other	1,495	735	760	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	74,315	35,620	38,695	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,615	15,280	12,335	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	46,700	20,340	26,360	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	42,710	18,455	24,255	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	28,705	12,445	16,265	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	14,000	6,010	7,990	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,990	1,885	2,100	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	845	390	455	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	365	145	225	1,415	520	900
India	140	65	75	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	445	260	185	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	890	410	485	810	335	475
France	40	20	20	245	140	100
Other	1,260	600	660	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	117,055	56,360	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	77,680	39,515	38,165	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	68,115	34,200	33,915	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	9,560	5,320	4,245	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	39,375	16,850	22,530	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	66.4	70.1	62.9	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	58.2	60.7	55.9	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	12.3	13.5	11.1	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	117,050	56,365	60,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	33,700	14,130	19,570	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	83,350	42,235	41,120	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	39,085	20,435	18,650	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	44,270	21,800	22,470	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	39.4	39.9	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	77,680	39,515	38,165	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	76,645	39,045	37,605	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	68,230	33,430	34,800	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,420	5,615	2,805	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	77,680	39,510	38,165	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,045	37,605	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	7,915	4,720	3,195	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,690	2,815	7,875	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,945	2,945	1,000	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	5,755	965	4,790	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,540	2,615	5,920	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,540	625	915	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	17,735	6,860	10,870	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,055	10,395	660	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,010	4,925	1,080	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,465	2,170	1,290	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	77,680	39,515	38,165	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,030	470	560	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,040	37,605	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,145	5,745	1,405	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	400	390	0	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	280	240	45	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	5,445	4,910	535	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	6,230	4,275	1,955	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	1,610	1,220	390	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	8,950	3,910	5,040	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,425	1,920	500	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	900	505	395	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	1,940	735	1,205	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	930	565	360	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,690	1,940	1,755	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	30	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,660	1,510	1,155	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	5,405	1,650	3,755	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	9,090	1,475	7,615	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,680	820	860	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	5,940	2,030	3,910	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,135	1,460	1,675	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	8,745	3,725	5,015	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	68,120	34,195	33,915	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	4,740	2,690	2,050	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	315	200	115	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	7,930	6,190	1,740	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	55,135	25,120	30,015	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	55,135	25,115	30,020	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,835	9,490	11,345	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,935	12,410	15,525	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,090	2,420	2,670	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	1,275	795	475	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	63,065	31,305	31,755	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,200	26,790	26,410	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,735	1,915	2,815	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	815	395	420	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	3,375	1,580	1,795	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	300	215	85	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	635	405	235	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	63,065	31,310	31,755	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	29,110	14,165	14,950	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	21,810	10,555	11,255	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	7,165	3,735	3,425	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	2,880	1,620	1,260	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	2,095	1,225	865	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	63,060	31,305	31,755	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,535	2,170	1,370	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,985	6,230	4,755	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,740	10,850	10,885	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,615	4,975	7,640	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,670	1,875	2,800	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,520	5,210	4,310	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	85,275	43,120	42,155	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	84,725	42,880	41,845	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	84,240	42,590	41,645	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	83,170	42,275	40,895	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	1,065	315	755	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	485	290	195	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	485	290	195	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	190	150	45
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	10	10	0	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	35	385	225	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	190	115	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	20	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	30	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	225	150	310	165	145
Chinese languages	375	225	145	305	165	145
Cantonese	15	10	0	80	45	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	310	180	125	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	10	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	550	240	310	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	380	145	235	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	160	85	70	930	460	470
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	85,275	43,120	42,155	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	81,375	41,530	39,845	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	845	315	525	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	2,445	945	1,495	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	600	330	265	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	15	0	10	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	585	335	255	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	20	0	20	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	138,370	67,215	71,155	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	120,645	58,620	62,025	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	17,725	8,590	9,135	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	8,400	4,080	4,315	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	9,330	4,510	4,815	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	7,975	3,825	4,155	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,165	2,535	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	3,270	1,655	1,620	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	1,355	690	665	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	132,700	64,185	68,515	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	87,825	42,635	45,190	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	44,875	21,550	23,325	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	20,225	9,670	10,555	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	24,650	11,880	12,770	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	20,530	9,745	10,785	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	12,225	5,670	6,555	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	8,305	4,075	4,230	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	4,115	2,135	1,985	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Prince Edward Island [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Prince Edward Island [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]