Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Prince Edward Island [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Prince Edward Island [Province] Map : Prince Edward Island [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	142,907	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	140,204	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.9	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	71,119	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	59,472	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.1	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,686.03	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	142,910	69,305	73,605	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	22,685	11,570	11,115	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	7,005	3,645	3,360	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	7,905	3,985	3,925	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	7,775	3,940	3,830	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	92,510	45,090	47,420	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	8,645	4,435	4,215	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	8,620	4,390	4,225	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	7,650	3,700	3,945	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	7,760	3,735	4,025	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	8,180	3,885	4,295	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	8,820	4,235	4,585	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	9,560	4,650	4,910	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	11,250	5,425	5,825	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	11,330	5,420	5,915	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	10,685	5,215	5,475	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	27,710	12,640	15,070	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	9,940	4,830	5,110	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	6,625	3,170	3,455	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	4,695	2,180	2,520	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	3,370	1,440	1,930	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	3,080	1,020	2,060	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	1,895	715	1,180	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	910	260	650	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	250	45	210	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	30	5	25	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.1	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	64.7	65.1	64.4	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	19.4	18.2	20.5	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.6	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	44.5	43.6	45.4	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	41,165	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,725	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,350	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	2,185	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,030	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,050	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,530	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	59,470	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	16,295	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	22,905	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	9,010	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	7,370	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	3,895	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,685	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	120,220	57,735	62,490	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	71,650	35,815	35,835	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	60,895	30,465	30,430	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	10,760	5,355	5,405	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	48,570	21,920	26,655	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	30,750	16,290	14,460	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	3,500	1,470	2,025	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	6,620	2,665	3,955	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	7,700	1,495	6,210	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	41,705	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	23,045	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	8,565	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	6,910	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	41,705	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	35,160	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	29,785	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	5,375	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,545	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	5,155	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	1,390	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	35,160	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	18,975	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	16,180	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	6,755	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	6,370	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	3,055	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	4,070	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	1,810	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	665	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,270	10,455	12,810	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	40,225	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	18,405	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	21,825	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	730	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	18,515	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	16,295	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,225	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	141,015	68,540	72,480	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	121,815	60,290	61,525	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	115	55	65	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	17,840	7,540	10,295	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	1,250	650	600	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	141,015	68,535	72,485	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	135,015	65,690	69,320	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	4,550	2,105	2,445	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	235	105	130	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	1,225	630	590	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,665	2,160	2,510	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.3	3.2	3.5	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	141,020	68,535	72,480	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	140,020	68,085	71,935	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	132,870	64,475	68,390	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	128,005	62,235	65,765	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	4,865	2,245	2,620	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	7,155	3,605	3,550	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	50	25	20	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	20	15	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	0	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,110	3,580	3,525	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	655	365	295	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	30	15	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5
Somali	50	25	20	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	610	340	270	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	5	5	5	65	35	25
Arabic	575	315	260	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	170	90	80
Maltese	0	5	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	65	55	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vietnamese	120	65	55	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	395	155	240	1,375	510	865
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	15	5	10	105	35	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ilocano	5	0	5	50	15	35
Malagasy	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malay	10	0	5	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	140	220	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	10
Creole languages	15	5	10	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	110	60	50	285	155	130
Kannada	15	5	5	20	15	10
Malayalam	55	30	25	40	15	20
Tamil	20	5	10	105	60	50
Telugu	20	10	10	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,320	1,260	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	95	55	45	50	25	25
Armenian	5	0	0	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	385	190	195	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	5	5	0	55	30	30
Latvian	5	5	0	25	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	5	35	15	15
Slavic languages	380	190	195	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bosnian	30	15	10	50	25	25
Bulgarian	10	5	5	20	10	10
Croatian	25	15	10	75	35	40
Czech	15	10	10	55	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Polish	70	30	40	230	105	125
Russian	140	70	70	880	440	435
Serbian	20	10	10	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	35	15	20
Slovak	5	0	0	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	15	10	10
Ukrainian	45	20	30	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	5	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	15	5	10
Welsh	10	5	0	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	5	0
Germanic languages	900	460	435	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	20	15	10	50	30	25
Danish	20	15	5	125	55	75
Dutch	465	240	220	885	470	410
Frisian	35	20	15	35	25	10
German	320	155	165	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	0	5	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	40	25	20
Swedish	10	0	0	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	10	5	10	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	685	340	345	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	500	240	260	1,175	655	525
Bengali	40	25	15	205	120	85
Gujarati	5	5	5	75	40	30
Hindi	50	25	20	225	135	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	50	20	25
Nepali	205	80	120	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	50	125	75	50
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	30	15	15
Urdu	50	25	30	240	140	100
Iranian languages	180	90	85	655	355	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	55	30	25
Pashto	0	0	0	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	180	90	85	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	475	250	230	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	65	40	25	400	225	175
Portuguese	80	40	40	260	130	130
Romanian	25	15	10	485	250	240
Spanish	305	150	150	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	95	25	75	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	120	50	65	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	40	30	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	10	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	30	20	10
Lingala	0	0	0	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Shona	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swahili	20	10	10	135	65	70
Wolof	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	25	10	10	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	145	75	70
American Sign Language	0	0	0	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,790	1,420	1,365	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	2,740	1,400	1,340	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	210	95	110	440	225	210
Hakka	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mandarin	2,165	1,170	995	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	295	100	190	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	30	15	15
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	5
Karenic languages	20	15	10	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	60	15	50
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	20	10	10	75	50	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages	90	50	40	250	115	135
Estonian	5	5	0	20	5	10
Finnish	20	10	10	45	15	30
Hungarian	65	35	25	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	10	10
Multiple responses	995	450	540	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	485	210	275	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	460	220	240	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	30	15	15	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	141,015	68,535	72,485	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	139,500	67,810	71,690	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	134,930	65,480	69,445	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	132,670	64,445	68,225	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	2,260	1,035	1,225	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	4,575	2,325	2,245	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	10	5	0	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,565	2,325	2,245	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	235	205	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	15	15	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	410	215	190	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Arabic	395	210	185	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	130	60	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	55	40	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	95	55	45	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	100	135	510	235	270
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	0	0	5	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	100	130	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	0	5	0	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	110	60	45
Kannada	10	5	5	5	0	0
Malayalam	40	25	15	20	5	10
Tamil	0	5	0	35	20	20
Telugu	5	0	0	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	560	555	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	45	30	20	30	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	90	975	505	470
Baltic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavic languages	180	85	90	935	480	455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	25	15	10
Bulgarian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Croatian	5	5	5	25	10	15
Czech	5	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	20	5	10	55	25	30
Russian	85	40	45	620	320	305
Serbian	10	5	5	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	100	100	640	320	320
Afrikaans	5	5	5	35	15	20
Danish	5	0	5	5	5	5
Dutch	75	40	40	150	80	75
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	5
German	100	50	50	425	215	210
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	5	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	460	225	240	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	320	150	170	655	335	325
Bengali	25	10	10	130	70	60
Gujarati	5	5	0	40	15	20
Hindi	10	5	5	115	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nepali	170	70	100	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	50	25	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	5	5	5
Urdu	20	10	10	140	75	70
Iranian languages	135	70	65	470	255	220
Kurdish	0	0	0	35	25	10
Pashto	0	0	0	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	135	70	65	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	215	120	95	1,305	705	600
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	15	10	5	85	40	45
Portuguese	25	10	10	110	50	60
Romanian	15	5	5	290	145	140
Spanish	165	95	70	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	15	25	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	35	40	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	15	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	5
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	5	0	5	80	35	45
Wolof	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	200	115	85
American Sign Language	5	5	0	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,395	1,240	1,160	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	2,370	1,225	1,145	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	115	50	65	260	130	130
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,925	1,070	855	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	270	85	190	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	20	25	15	10
Burmese	15	5	10	5	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	20	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	5	25	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	70	35	40
Estonian	0	5	5	5	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hungarian	35	20	20	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,520	725	790	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	350	140	205	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	1,150	575	575	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	5	0	0	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	141,015	68,540	72,480	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	133,895	65,280	68,610	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	2,550	1,215	1,335	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	2,850	1,205	1,650	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	1,635	795	840	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	25	10	15	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	1,605	785	825	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	15	0	10	180	90	90
English and non-official language	30	15	15	300	160	145
French and non-official language	40	15	25	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	117,055	56,365	60,690	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,480	54,635	58,845	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,744	36,021	28,065	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,500	54,635	58,860	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,298	31,453	25,484	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	102,410	50,325	52,080	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,979	31,133	23,501	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,220	38,945	48,280	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,232	8,959	7,645	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,035	43,395	42,640	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,851	29,875	24,280	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	117,055	56,365	60,690	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,455	54,690	58,775	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,899	43,979	34,171	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,470	54,685	58,785	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,504	36,004	29,249	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	102,480	50,470	52,015	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,474	40,517	30,579	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,040	38,985	48,055	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,236	8,696	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	43,380	42,655	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,919	39,152	30,613	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	117,050	56,360	60,690	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	38,235	19,905	18,330	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,183	48,030	42,618	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	51,473	55,726	46,855	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.5	85.1	79.4	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.5	14.9	20.6	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	117,055	56,365	60,690	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	3,570	1,725	1,845	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	113,485	54,635	58,845	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	97.0	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,190	6,250	7,940	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	20,695	8,245	12,450	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	18,775	7,895	10,880	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	16,825	8,085	8,745	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	13,650	7,035	6,610	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	9,365	5,095	4,270	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,490	2,645	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,515	2,065	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,625	1,375	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	1,725	1,085	645	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	4,525	3,320	1,205	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	3,220	2,310	910	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	1,305	1,010	295	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	117,050	56,365	60,690	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	3,555	1,725	1,830	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	113,500	54,635	58,860	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	97.0	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,850	6,410	8,435	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	22,520	9,115	13,405	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	23,185	10,240	12,940	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	19,990	10,010	9,985	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	13,485	7,175	6,305	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	4,550	3,510	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	4,980	2,625	2,355	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	2,435	1,570	865	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	3,995	2,945	1,040	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	960	395	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	825	595	230	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	1,815	1,395	415	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	117,055	56,365	60,690	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	31,015	12,970	18,050	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	86,035	43,395	42,640	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	73.5	77.0	70.3	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,240	5,470	5,775	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	8,730	3,810	4,920	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	15,030	7,035	7,995	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	11,410	5,440	5,970	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	10,230	4,910	5,325	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	8,635	4,475	4,155	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	6,355	3,565	2,790	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	2,325	1,855	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	1,785	1,630	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	6,795	4,580	2,225	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,205	1,030	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	805	435	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	3,320	2,565	760	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	59,475	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,163	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,434	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,290	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,861	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,785	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	43,180	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,250	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,840	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	59,475	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,210	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,017	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,240	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,396	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,789	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	43,230	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,043	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,375	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	59,475	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	790	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	795	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,455	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,215	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,770	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,230	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,950	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,910	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,905	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,185	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,845	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,135	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,765	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,515	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,130	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,725	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	59,475	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	845	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	805	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,445	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,330	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,435	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,680	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,690	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,505	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,280	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,215	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,545	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,940	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,145	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,075	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	41,480	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,607	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,071	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	18,085	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,078	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,702	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	16,390	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,568	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,712	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,073	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,468	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	41,545	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,477	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,626	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	18,100	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,333	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,980	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	16,350	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,348	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,328	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,145	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,502	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,639	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,050	9,545	11,505	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,886	29,448	26,731	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,260	26,181	24,551	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	20,935	9,590	11,340	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,224	36,569	34,087	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,060	30,819	29,418	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	139,685	67,895	71,790	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	82,130	38,970	43,160	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	14,010	6,555	7,455	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	18,400	8,230	10,170	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	16,875	8,095	8,780	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	16,630	8,135	8,495	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	16,215	7,960	8,255	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	57,555	28,925	28,630	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	15,765	7,885	7,880	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	14,160	7,130	7,035	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	11,940	5,970	5,970	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	9,550	4,840	4,715	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	6,140	3,100	3,035	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	139,090	67,610	71,480	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	27,505	14,040	13,465	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	8,435	4,385	4,055	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	85,800	41,555	44,240	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	25,780	12,010	13,775	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,460	10,585	12,870	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	5,980	3,015	2,965	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	2,030	1,025	1,000	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	12,380	5,625	6,755	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	5,100	1,945	3,155	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.9	15.7	18.0	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.7	21.5	22.0	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	24.1	23.4	24.7	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.5	15.3	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	19.8	16.2	22.9	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,730	4,215	4,515	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	2,045	1,045	1,000	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	670	335	340	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	6,210	2,995	3,220	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	480	180	300	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.4	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.3	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	139,685	67,895	71,785	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	138,860	67,475	71,380	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	138,735	67,430	71,305	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	17,875	7,360	10,515	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	8,685	4,305	4,375	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	80	40	40	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	30	40	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	0	0	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	70	30	40	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10	0	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,605	4,270	4,340	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	430	315	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	0	0	0	80	40	35
Kabyle	0	0	0	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	15	0	10	15	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	735	425	310	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	0	0	0	165	100	65
Arabic	650	375	275	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	80	45	40	435	205	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	55	30	20	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	660	280	375	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	30	10	25	185	70	115
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	35	10	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	50	10	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	40	15	25	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	615	255	355	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Creole languages	55	35	25	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	170	105	70	435	245	195
Kannada	40	20	20	60	30	25
Malayalam	105	60	40	55	35	25
Tamil	40	25	15	190	115	75
Telugu	10	10	0	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	3,970	1,940	2,035	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	90	60	35	80	45	35
Armenian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	490	215	270	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	10	0	0	55	40	20
Latvian	10	10	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Slavic languages	485	210	275	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	20	15	10	75	40	40
Bulgarian	10	0	0	45	15	35
Croatian	40	10	30	95	45	55
Czech	35	20	15	115	65	45
Macedonian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Polish	80	25	55	320	165	160
Russian	255	125	135	1,200	630	570
Serbian	40	20	20	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	40	30	10
Slovak	0	0	0	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	10	15	10	0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Celtic languages	85	50	35	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	30	95	20	75
Welsh	30	20	0	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	40	20	20
Germanic languages	1,225	575	655	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	25	15	10	130	70	60
Danish	60	25	35	155	60	95
Dutch	550	260	285	1,185	560	625
Frisian	55	30	15	50	40	15
German	570	250	325	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	25	10	15	130	65	65
Swedish	15	0	15	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	10	40	20	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	10	30	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	900	470	430	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	635	320	315	1,570	875	695
Bengali	25	15	10	225	150	80
Gujarati	0	0	0	110	45	65
Hindi	165	95	60	790	430	355
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	55	20	30
Nepali	250	100	150	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	85	205	130	75
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	35	10	20
Urdu	75	40	35	355	215	140
Iranian languages	265	145	115	805	430	375
Kurdish	0	0	0	130	65	60
Pashto	0	0	0	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	265	150	115	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,290	610	680	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	190	100	90	825	405	420
Portuguese	175	105	70	450	250	200
Romanian	25	0	15	555	290	265
Spanish	945	420	530	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	0	10
Japanese	125	60	65	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	185	85	100	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	200	90	105	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	35	15	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	155	70	85
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	100	85	15
Ga	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	10	0
Igbo	40	15	25	60	50	15
Lingala	10	0	0	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Shona	0	0	0	40	15	25
Swahili	20	10	15	355	185	170
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	75	40	40	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	45	50	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	25	0	20	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,460	1,260	1,205	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	2,445	1,245	1,200	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	300	115	185	610	285	320
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,105	1,110	990	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	10	30	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	40	65	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	75	35	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	70	30	40
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	25	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	85	20	65
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	20	10	10	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	30	165	105	60
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	105	50	55	270	130	140
Estonian	0	10	0	20	15	0
Finnish	20	10	15	35	15	20
Hungarian	80	35	40	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	139,685	67,900	71,785	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	133,655	64,805	68,845	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,415	13,440	12,975	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,235	51,365	55,875	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	6,035	3,090	2,940	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	139,685	67,895	71,790	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	129,405	62,795	66,610	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	8,940	4,375	4,565	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	2,460	1,185	1,275	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	565	240	325	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	670	330	340	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	1,890	950	935	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	560	295	260	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	1,335	650	680	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,360	1,670	1,690	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,340	725	615	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	8,940	4,375	4,565	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	1,065	515	550	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	1,895	960	935	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	1,410	690	720	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	3,660	1,710	1,950	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	910	505	405	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,940	4,375	4,565	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	1,545	700	850	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	20	15	0	55	20	30
Colombia	60	20	35	215	85	130
El Salvador	10	0	0	115	85	30
Guyana	0	0	0	80	40	45
Haiti	25	10	10	170	70	100
Jamaica	30	20	10	120	85	40
Mexico	20	0	15	160	50	110
Peru	15	10	0	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,205	550	660	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	150	60	85	715	355	360
Europe	3,015	1,560	1,455	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	100	55	50
Croatia	20	0	15	60	35	25
France	55	40	15	760	425	340
Germany	260	100	155	1,615	740	880
Greece	15	10	0	95	60	40
Hungary	65	30	30	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	50	35	10	160	75	85
Italy	60	35	30	210	125	85
Netherlands	470	220	250	975	505	465
Poland	55	20	35	195	90	100
Portugal	70	35	30	130	85	45
Romania	15	0	0	485	245	240
Russian Federation	80	35	45	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	15	30	25	10
Ukraine	45	25	15	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,370	755	615	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	335	180	155	970	455	515
Africa	340	170	170	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	0	0	0	165	90	75
Egypt	70	45	30	120	75	45
Ethiopia	0	10	0	120	65	60
Kenya	10	0	0	60	30	30
Morocco	10	10	0	200	120	75
Nigeria	70	25	40	115	65	50
Somalia	10	0	10	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	40	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	45	1,615	885	725
Asia	4,005	1,935	2,075	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	20	10	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,835	895	940	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	50	50	120	60	55
India	225	105	115	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	230	130	95	490	260	230
Iraq	20	10	10	70	25	45
Japan	45	25	20	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	105	35	65	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	95	65	30	390	225	165
Pakistan	50	30	20	225	130	95
Philippines	475	200	285	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	205	100	105	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	80	40	40	80	25	55
Viet Nam	55	35	20	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	435	175	255	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	10	15	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,355	1,670	1,690	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	190	95	100	900	430	475
Brazil	10	15	0	20	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	40	20	15
Cuba	10	0	10	10	10	10
Haiti	20	10	10	45	15	30
Jamaica	0	0	0	40	25	10
Mexico	0	0	0	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	55	70	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	110	45	70
Europe	390	200	180	1,405	695	710
France	10	10	0	300	165	130
Germany	35	10	25	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	20	0	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Romania	0	0	0	245	130	120
Russian Federation	40	20	20	90	35	55
Ukraine	20	10	10	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	65	45	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	155	70	85	280	105	180
Africa	130	65	65	975	550	425
Algeria	0	0	0	15	20	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	35	25	10	40	20	20
Eritrea	0	0	0	35	15	25
Ethiopia	0	0	0	45	20	25
Morocco	10	10	0	40	30	10
Nigeria	20	10	10	40	15	25
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0	35	20	15
Tunisia	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	455	265	185
Asia	2,650	1,305	1,345	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,395	710	685	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	40	25	20	10	10	0
India	125	60	65	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	45	255	130	125
Iraq	20	10	0	45	20	25
Israel	15	15	0	200	90	110
Japan	10	10	0	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	600	290	310
Lebanon	15	10	10	130	75	55
Nepal	75	40	40	45	15	35
Pakistan	20	10	10	70	40	30
Philippines	380	165	215	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	185	95	95	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	25	15	10	10	0	0
Turkey	15	0	10	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	10	10	10	30	20	10
Viet Nam	40	20	20	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	125	40	90	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	40	25	15
Australia	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	139,690	67,895	71,790	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,800	5,380	5,420	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	9,010	4,190	4,825	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	119,875	58,325	61,545	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,565	3,230	3,335	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,750	2,455	2,295	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,835	1,220	615	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,915	1,240	1,680	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,040	435	610	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	720	315	405	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	30	20	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	139,685	67,895	71,790	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,735	1,305	1,435	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,655	1,265	1,395	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,870	905	970	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	710	330	380	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	45	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	15	10	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	30	35	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	136,945	66,595	70,355	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	139,690	67,900	71,790	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,190	580	615	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,490	67,315	71,170	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	139,690	67,895	71,790	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	925	465	460	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	910	465	445	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	840	415	420	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	45	40	10	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	10	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,040	1,860	2,180	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,965	1,830	2,140	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,140	1,450	1,690	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	340	395	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	45	50	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	70	30	40	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	20	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	134,725	65,575	69,155	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	139,685	67,900	71,790	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,640	3,325	3,320	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	920	470	450	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	2,570	1,265	1,305	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	825	425	400	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	670	310	360	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	255	140	115	1,285	650	635
Arab	585	340	250	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	145	55	90	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	215	115	95	730	415	320
Korean	210	95	120	1,685	885	800
Japanese	110	50	60	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	55	15	35	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	85	40	50	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	133,045	64,575	68,470	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	139,685	67,895	71,790	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	4,960	2,325	2,640	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,060	1,895	2,165	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	165	70	95	830	420	410
Métis	830	390	435	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	62,075	29,940	32,130	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	3,485	1,730	1,755	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	1,020	515	500	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	59,270	28,485	30,785	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	65	35	25	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	65	40	25
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	10
Québécois	0	0	10	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	20	20	0
European origins	98,615	47,695	50,920	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	85,140	41,095	44,045	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	0	0	0	125	45	85
Cornish	15	10	10	45	25	20
English	40,310	19,035	21,275	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	38,510	17,905	20,605	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	10	10	0	45	40	10
Scottish	50,685	24,075	26,615	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	2,415	1,055	1,360	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,725	795	930	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	25,950	12,300	13,650	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	10	0	10	15	10	0
Breton	10	0	0	55	30	30
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	25,935	12,290	13,650	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,625	5,550	6,075	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	205	95	110	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	440	250	190	1,470	650	815
Dutch	4,355	2,130	2,230	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	15	15	0	100	65	40
Frisian	25	15	0	40	25	15
German	7,060	3,280	3,785	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swiss	210	115	90	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,915	980	935	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	675	325	345	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	210	75	135	465	235	225
Icelandic	90	70	20	250	135	115
Norwegian	415	215	200	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	460	220	240	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	170	115	55	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	3,030	1,360	1,670	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	45	20	25	155	60	100
Byelorussian	10	0	10	85	45	40
Czech	95	40	55	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	75	30	45	175	80	100
Estonian	50	20	25	100	35	60
Hungarian	310	130	175	1,280	615	665
Latvian	55	20	35	185	105	80
Lithuanian	90	35	60	325	165	160
Moldovan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Polish	1,155	540	620	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	130	55	70	945	485	460
Russian	500	200	300	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	55	20	35	250	130	125
Ukrainian	930	420	505	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	30	15	70	25	45
Southern European origins	2,650	1,260	1,390	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	100	60	40	120	65	55
Bosnian	25	10	20	120	65	55
Catalan	10	10	0	10	10	0
Croatian	185	75	110	310	120	190
Cypriot	0	0	0	30	20	10
Greek	175	75	100	950	485	465
Italian	1,200	570	625	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	20	15	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	80	35	45
Maltese	40	15	25	115	45	65
Montenegrin	0	0	0	20	20	0
Portuguese	325	145	180	1,785	840	945
Serbian	85	45	45	130	90	35
Sicilian	25	20	10	15	10	0
Slovenian	30	15	10	130	60	60
Spanish	515	245	265	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	20	10	10
Other European origins	430	205	225	1,805	960	840
Basque	10	10	0	90	50	40
Jewish	215	105	110	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	205	100	110	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	325	145	180	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	30	20	0	35	15	15
Barbadian	10	0	10	100	60	40
Bermudan	15	0	10	130	40	90
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	235	135	100
Dominican	20	0	15	80	35	40
Grenadian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	35	15	15	305	140	160
Jamaican	155	65	95	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	15	85	40	40
St. Lucian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	420	215	205	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	65	40	25
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	10	30	10	20
Belizean	15	10	10	0	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Brazilian	50	35	15	60	15	45
Chilean	25	20	10	95	40	55
Colombian	80	35	45	265	105	160
Costa Rican	10	0	0	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Guatemalan	45	25	20	125	40	85
Guyanese	15	10	0	115	50	70
Hispanic	10	0	10	75	35	35
Honduran	0	0	0	50	20	25
Maya	40	20	20	90	45	45
Mexican	100	40	55	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	20	20	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	25	10	10	90	45	45
Salvadorean	0	10	0	135	95	40
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	110	65	50
African origins	980	480	495	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	180	85	90	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Angolan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	150	110	40
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	415	250	165
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	0	10	90	55	35
Guinean	0	0	0	175	125	50
Ibo	0	0	10	80	55	25
Ivorian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Liberian	0	0	0	80	45	35
Malian	0	0	0	125	55	65
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	130	60	70	230	115	115
Peulh	0	0	0	40	25	20
Senegalese	0	0	0	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	20	0	20
Togolese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	225	135	90
North African origins	205	105	100	1,200	705	495
Algerian	0	0	0	190	90	90
Berber	0	0	0	180	105	70
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	120	65	55	210	130	80
Libyan	35	15	20	185	85	100
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	25	15	365	255	115
Sudanese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	115	55	55	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	30	25	0
Burundian	0	0	0	105	55	50
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	115	80	40
Ethiopian	10	10	0	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	60	20	35
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	10	20
Rwandan	0	0	0	105	50	55
Seychellois	10	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	20	10	10	30	25	0
South African	40	20	25	225	95	130
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	10	10	25	15	15
Zambian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	60	30	30
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	80	40	40
Other African origins	515	240	270	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	20	15	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	480	225	255	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	6,485	3,270	3,215	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,625	920	705	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	10	0	10	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	155	100	50	590	300	295
Armenian	35	15	15	115	60	50
Assyrian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	10	0	10
Georgian	15	10	0	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	295	160	130	665	365	305
Iraqi	15	10	10	105	50	55
Israeli	55	45	10	175	85	90
Jordanian	0	0	0	180	105	75
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kurd	0	0	0	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	715	410	300	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	65	35	30	75	40	30
Pashtun	0	0	0	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	85	65	20
Syrian	245	115	135	1,685	865	825
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	10	25	10	15
Turk	35	25	15	235	150	85
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	15	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	15	15	50	35	15
South Asian origins	975	490	485	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	150	95	55
Bengali	10	10	0	50	40	10
Bhutanese	135	50	85	35	20	15
East Indian	615	330	285	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepali	185	75	110	160	75	90
Pakistani	75	45	30	255	160	100
Punjabi	15	10	0	45	35	15
Sinhalese	10	0	0	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	45	20	25	100	45	55
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,920	1,870	2,045	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	10	10	0	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	60	30	30
Chinese	2,735	1,340	1,400	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	725	330	395	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	100	30	65
Japanese	110	50	60	305	115	185
Karen	0	0	0	65	30	35
Korean	220	100	120	1,675	875	795
Laotian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	35	15	20	30	15	15
Mongolian	20	0	15	45	30	15
Singaporean	0	0	10	10	10	0
Taiwanese	20	10	15	60	30	30
Thai	40	20	20	100	30	70
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	45	40	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	15	10	10	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	10	115	65	45
Oceania origins	90	35	55	470	210	260
Australian	50	20	30	290	120	165
New Zealander	30	15	20	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	10	55	30	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Maori	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	41,780	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	17,575	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	115	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	58,175	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	59,470	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	5,245	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,700	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,550	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,845	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,800	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	10,105	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	9,255	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	8,590	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,730	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	59,475	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,165	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	310	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	58,035	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	1,435	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	14,895	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,265	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,080	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,580	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,160	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,555	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,930	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	59,470	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	54,925	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,545	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	59,475	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	34,035	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	24,590	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	845	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	59,470	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,855	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,100	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,010	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,755	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,710	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,200	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,160	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	1,675	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	58,240	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,395	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,850	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,590	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,830	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.8	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.1	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	805	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	932	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,651	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,966	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,540	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.8	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.3	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	793	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	818	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	117,055	56,360	60,690	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,425	12,550	9,875	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	31,815	16,050	15,765	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,815	27,760	35,055	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,480	6,690	2,790	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,235	3,280	1,955	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,245	3,410	835	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,860	10,700	17,160	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,070	1,055	2,010	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,410	9,320	13,090	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	15,435	6,335	9,100	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	535	750	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	340	275	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	4,370	1,710	2,665	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	705	400	300	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	74,315	35,620	38,695	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,950	5,545	3,405	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,670	9,735	8,935	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,695	20,340	26,360	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255	4,445	1,810	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,525	2,210	1,315	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,735	2,235	495	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,975	8,235	12,740	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	720	1,135	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,605	6,930	10,675	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	12,070	4,760	7,310	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	950	375	575	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	255	260	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	3,530	1,260	2,275	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	545	285	260	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	117,050	56,360	60,690	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	54,240	28,605	25,635	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	670	705	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	140	60	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	1,175	530	645	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	2,910	1,240	1,665	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	20	90	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	725	215	505	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	210	510	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	135	70	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	220	155	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	625	395	230	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	140	40	95	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,240	1,535	3,700	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	135	270	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,215	90	1,130	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	895	260	635	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	20	75	420	95	325
42. Psychology	1,240	315	930	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	1,325	700	625	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	15,445	4,425	11,020	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	10	40	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,350	240	1,110	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,050	4,180	9,870	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,450	1,070	1,380	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,185	445	735	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	690	275	415	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	0	40	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	450	320	130	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,010	1,250	760	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,700	1,110	595	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	105	25	80	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	95	80	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,875	11,145	735	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	290	185	105	500	365	140
14. Engineering	1,170	1,005	170	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,045	1,795	250	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,960	3,900	65	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,890	2,800	85	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	1,510	1,460	50	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,705	1,180	525	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,210	850	360	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	335	165	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	10,435	1,620	8,820	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	690	370	320	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	9,615	1,165	8,445	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	140	85	50	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,290	2,355	1,935	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	2,375	605	1,770	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	20	0	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	685	595	90	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,160	1,085	70	6,465	6,135	325
Other	0	0	10	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	74,315	35,620	38,695	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,615	15,280	12,335	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	3,400	800	2,595	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	3,395	800	2,595	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	510	520	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	910	425	490	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	2,045	820	1,225	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	10	80	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	560	165	395	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	140	320	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	100	50	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	140	130	1,460	860	595
54. History	390	230	160	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	110	30	80	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	1,190	3,075	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	30	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	105	235	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	75	915	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	765	185	585	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	335	70	260
42. Psychology	970	240	725	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	1,075	550	525	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	11,760	3,395	8,360	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	35	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,140	190	955	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,575	3,200	7,380	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,795	740	1,055	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	950	340	605	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	175	275	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	0	35	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	315	205	105	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,725	1,075	655	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,515	975	535	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	65	15	50	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	65	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,580	7,965	615	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	90	395	270	120
14. Engineering	875	730	140	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,655	1,425	230	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,690	2,645	45	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,070	1,995	80	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	1,060	1,035	30	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	850	435	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	885	585	300	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	405	270	130	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	7,525	1,225	6,300	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	465	240	230	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	6,950	915	6,035	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	70	45	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	1,765	1,520	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	1,845	470	1,380	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	555	470	80	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	795	65	5,115	4,835	285
Other	0	0	0	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	117,050	56,360	60,690	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,240	28,600	25,635	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	62,815	27,760	35,050	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	57,805	25,305	32,500	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	38,620	16,610	22,020	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	19,180	8,700	10,480	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,010	2,455	2,555	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,310	660	650	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	380	140	235	920	285	635
India	165	75	90	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	685	390	295	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	935	425	510	1,105	550	555
France	45	25	25	660	370	290
Other	1,495	735	760	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	74,315	35,620	38,695	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,615	15,280	12,335	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	46,700	20,340	26,360	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	42,710	18,455	24,255	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	28,705	12,445	16,265	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	14,000	6,010	7,990	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,990	1,885	2,100	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	845	390	455	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	365	145	225	875	260	615
India	140	65	75	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	445	260	185	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	890	410	485	1,025	475	550
France	40	20	20	525	300	225
Other	1,260	600	660	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	117,055	56,360	60,690	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	77,680	39,515	38,165	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	68,115	34,200	33,915	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	9,560	5,320	4,245	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	39,375	16,850	22,530	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	66.4	70.1	62.9	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	58.2	60.7	55.9	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	12.3	13.5	11.1	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	117,050	56,365	60,690	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	33,700	14,130	19,570	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	83,350	42,235	41,120	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	39,085	20,435	18,650	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	44,270	21,800	22,470	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	39.4	39.9	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	77,680	39,515	38,165	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	76,645	39,045	37,605	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	68,230	33,430	34,800	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,420	5,615	2,805	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	77,680	39,510	38,165	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,045	37,605	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	7,915	4,720	3,195	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,690	2,815	7,875	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,945	2,945	1,000	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	5,755	965	4,790	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,540	2,615	5,920	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,540	625	915	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	17,735	6,860	10,870	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,055	10,395	660	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,010	4,925	1,080	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,465	2,170	1,290	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	77,680	39,515	38,165	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,030	470	560	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,040	37,605	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,145	5,745	1,405	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	400	390	0	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	280	240	45	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	5,445	4,910	535	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	6,230	4,275	1,955	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	1,610	1,220	390	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	8,950	3,910	5,040	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,425	1,920	500	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	900	505	395	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	1,940	735	1,205	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	930	565	360	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,690	1,940	1,755	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	30	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,660	1,510	1,155	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	5,405	1,650	3,755	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	9,090	1,475	7,615	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,680	820	860	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	5,940	2,030	3,910	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,135	1,460	1,675	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	8,745	3,725	5,015	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	68,120	34,195	33,915	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	4,740	2,690	2,050	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	315	200	115	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	7,930	6,190	1,740	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	55,135	25,120	30,015	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	55,135	25,115	30,020	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,835	9,490	11,345	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,935	12,410	15,525	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,090	2,420	2,670	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	1,275	795	475	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	63,065	31,305	31,755	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,200	26,790	26,410	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,735	1,915	2,815	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	815	395	420	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	3,375	1,580	1,795	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	300	215	85	1,210	800	405
Other method	635	405	235	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	63,065	31,310	31,755	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	29,110	14,165	14,950	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	21,810	10,555	11,255	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	7,165	3,735	3,425	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	2,880	1,620	1,260	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	2,095	1,225	865	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	63,060	31,305	31,755	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,535	2,170	1,370	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,985	6,230	4,755	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,740	10,850	10,885	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,615	4,975	7,640	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,670	1,875	2,800	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,520	5,210	4,310	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	85,275	43,120	42,155	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	84,725	42,880	41,845	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	84,240	42,590	41,645	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	83,170	42,275	40,895	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	1,065	315	755	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	485	290	195	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	485	290	195	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	35	170	95	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	35	25	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	65	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	225	150	365	185	175
Chinese languages	375	225	145	360	185	175
Cantonese	15	10	0	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	310	180	125	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	10	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	550	240	310	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	380	145	235	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	160	85	70	475	240	235
French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	85,275	43,120	42,155	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	81,375	41,530	39,845	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	845	315	525	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	2,445	945	1,495	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	600	330	265	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	15	0	10	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	585	335	255	1,475	830	645
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	55	20	35
French and non-official language	20	0	20	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	138,370	67,215	71,155	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	120,645	58,620	62,025	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	17,725	8,590	9,135	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	8,400	4,080	4,315	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	9,330	4,510	4,815	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	7,975	3,825	4,155	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,165	2,535	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	3,270	1,655	1,620	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	1,355	690	665	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	132,700	64,185	68,515	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	87,825	42,635	45,190	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	44,875	21,550	23,325	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	20,225	9,670	10,555	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	24,650	11,880	12,770	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	20,530	9,745	10,785	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	12,225	5,670	6,555	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	8,305	4,075	4,230	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	4,115	2,135	1,985	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Prince Edward Island [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Prince Edward Island [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]