Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	923,598	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	921,727	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.2	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	458,568	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	401,990	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52,942.27	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	923,600	446,885	476,715	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	133,825	68,370	65,455	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	42,005	21,365	20,640	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	45,980	23,650	22,330	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	45,845	23,350	22,490	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	605,950	295,100	310,845	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	51,255	26,240	25,015	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	56,160	28,150	28,010	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	53,725	26,790	26,940	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,130	26,600	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	52,010	24,560	27,450	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	57,050	27,245	29,805	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	61,890	29,720	32,170	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	75,675	36,615	39,065	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	76,505	36,925	39,580	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	69,960	33,735	36,225	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	183,820	83,415	100,405	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	63,710	30,810	32,905	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	45,005	21,520	23,485	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	31,545	14,520	17,030	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	21,915	9,425	12,495	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	21,645	7,140	14,505	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	13,205	4,845	8,360	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	6,320	1,830	4,485	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,855	415	1,430	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	270	45	225	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.0	65.2	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.4	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.4	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	263,470	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,350	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	102,300	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	20,465	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	10,215	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,435	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	58,405	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	780	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,870	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	118,670	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	156,825	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	60,250	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	44,970	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	21,275	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	908,340	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	789,770	378,515	411,255	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	454,970	227,220	227,750	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	369,695	184,705	184,990	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	85,275	42,515	42,760	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	334,800	151,295	183,505	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	209,455	110,175	99,280	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	24,105	10,450	13,655	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	48,835	19,715	29,115	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	52,405	10,955	41,455	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	270,965	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	157,600	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	56,625	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	41,095	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	15,645	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	270,965	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	224,065	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	181,435	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	42,630	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,900	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	37,595	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	9,305	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	224,065	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	128,125	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	95,940	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	43,810	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	37,595	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	14,535	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,900	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	29,480	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	12,810	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	4,610	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	175,575	81,140	94,435	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	260,280	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,000	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	136,280	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,285	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	136,425	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	118,675	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,750	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	912,300	442,470	469,830	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	813,480	398,950	414,530	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	705	305	400	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	95,380	41,925	53,460	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,295	1,440	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	912,295	442,470	469,830	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	879,465	426,535	452,930	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	28,490	13,890	14,600	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	1,760	825	930	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	2,585	1,215	1,365	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	29,370	14,300	15,070	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.2	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	912,295	442,470	469,830	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	904,240	438,550	465,690	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	859,690	416,245	443,445	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	830,220	401,980	428,240	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	29,465	14,265	15,205	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	44,550	22,305	22,245	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	4,290	2,020	2,270	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	4,210	1,985	2,225	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	5	0	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,190	1,975	2,215	30	15	15
Malecite	10	5	5	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	4,185	1,970	2,215	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	10	0	10	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	5	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	30	35	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	25	5	10
Inuktitut	55	30	30	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,260	20,285	19,975	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,760	4,275	3,480	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	10	10	0	340	190	145
Kabyle	5	0	0	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	130	65	65	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	5	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	60	30	25	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	50	20	30	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	40	20	20
Semitic languages	7,615	4,205	3,415	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	115	50	65	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	7,110	3,950	3,165	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	210	115	95	960	505	460
Maltese	15	10	5	75	30	40
Tigrigna	140	65	80	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	245	260	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	490	240	250	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,235	940	1,300	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	5	5	5	425	205	225
Cebuano	150	60	90	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	55	15	40	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	5	0	35	10	25
Malay	55	25	35	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	765	370	390
Pangasinan	5	0	0	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,905	810	1,090	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	980	430	550
Creole languages	95	60	35	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	1,010	595	420	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	40	20	15	535	270	265
Malayalam	365	205	165	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	315	185	130	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	285	180	110	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	18,590	9,320	9,270	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	275	130	140	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	35	30	10	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470	1,645	1,830	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	100	35	60	1,010	475	535
Latvian	50	20	30	415	195	220
Lithuanian	45	15	30	600	285	315
Slavic languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	5	5	5	65	30	30
Bosnian	120	60	65	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	55	25	30	1,545	790	755
Croatian	225	105	115	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	205	105	100	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	20	10	15	360	185	175
Polish	795	365	435	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	1,285	615	670	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	115	60	65	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	970	480	485
Slovak	100	45	55	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	695	320	370
Ukrainian	320	155	170	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	215	120	100
Celtic languages	185	80	100	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	145	65	85	135	70	65
Welsh	30	10	15	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	5,700	2,800	2,900	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	120	55	60	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	160	105	60	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	1,620	815	805	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	35	20	15	360	200	160
German	3,435	1,645	1,790	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	45	20	20	115	55	60
Norwegian	110	60	50	815	370	445
Swedish	110	45	65	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	320	150	170
Yiddish	20	10	5	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	55	30	25
Greek	760	390	365	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	4,835	2,650	2,190	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	3,385	1,895	1,490	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	475	290	185	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	195	125	70	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	745	445	300	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	10	5	5	105	60	50
Konkani	5	5	5	370	190	185
Marathi	70	35	35	1,510	775	730
Nepali	530	255	275	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	310	270	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	20	10	5	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	85	85	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	575	330	245	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	1,425	740	690	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	115	65	50	1,550	845	705
Pashto	80	45	35	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	1,230	630	605	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	10	5	5	75	30	45
Italian	745	400	340	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	520	245	270	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	225	110	120	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	1,830	840	985	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	35	20	15
Japanese	360	100	260	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	5	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	1,095	475	620	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	5	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	630	325	305	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	40	25	25	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	15	5	5	35	20	15
Edo	5	0	5	275	155	120
Ewe	40	25	10	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	230	120	100
Ga	10	5	5	145	80	65
Ganda	20	5	15	280	145	135
Igbo	45	20	20	1,165	625	540
Lingala	5	0	5	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	30	805	405	400
Shona	30	15	15	1,100	545	555
Swahili	135	65	70	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	10	10	0	280	165	110
Yoruba	65	35	30	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	40	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	20	10	10	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	190	90	100	830	440	390
American Sign Language	85	40	50	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	50	55	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,665	3,335	3,330	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	6,635	3,320	3,315	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	1,145	535	610	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	20	5	15	990	465	530
Mandarin	4,640	2,325	2,315	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	645	365	280	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	15	5	10	430	230	200
Karenic languages	0	0	0	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	0	5	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	10	0	5	1,020	485	535
Thai	150	50	100	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	445	240	205	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	365	215	155
Turkish	305	165	140	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	5	5	5	130	70	60
Uzbek	110	60	50	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	215	95	120
Uralic languages	415	180	235	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	40	20	25	190	90	105
Finnish	95	30	60	810	330	480
Hungarian	275	130	150	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	690	415	280
Multiple responses	8,060	3,920	4,140	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	3,445	1,600	1,850	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	4,180	2,110	2,070	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	225	115	105	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	210	90	120	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	912,300	442,470	469,830	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	900,755	436,755	464,000	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	878,015	425,220	452,795	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	863,550	418,315	445,240	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	14,460	6,910	7,560	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	22,740	11,540	11,205	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,285	1,295	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	2,565	1,280	1,285	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,560	1,280	1,280	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,560	1,275	1,280	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,170	10,255	9,915	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,630	2,450	2,180	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	0	0	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	5	0	5	280	160	115
Oromo	45	20	25	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	25	10	15	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	15	5	10
Semitic languages	4,540	2,405	2,130	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	55	25	30	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	4,260	2,270	1,990	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	5	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	125	70	55	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	95	40	55	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	160	165	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	960	460	500
Vietnamese	330	165	170	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	1,140	550	585	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	55	20	35	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	470	215	255
Ilocano	15	5	5	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	0	0	5	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	520	545	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	120	155
Creole languages	35	20	20	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	425	240	185	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	15	5	10	210	105	105
Malayalam	140	75	60	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	140	80	60	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	125	80	50	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	7,410	3,715	3,690	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	110	60	55	1,060	570	485
Armenian	15	10	10	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	680	720	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	30	10	15	410	210	200
Latvian	10	5	10	165	85	80
Lithuanian	15	5	10	250	125	120
Slavic languages	1,375	675	700	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	65	30	30	785	400	385
Bulgarian	25	15	10	825	415	405
Croatian	65	25	40	1,800	905	895
Czech	45	25	20	875	440	430
Macedonian	0	0	0	175	90	85
Polish	235	105	125	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	785	385	390	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	60	25	35	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	315	160	155
Slovak	20	10	15	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	75
Ukrainian	55	30	20	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	60	35	30	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	1,490	725	760	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	30	15	15	1,705	835	875
Danish	15	0	15	150	75	75
Dutch	135	70	70	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	0	0	60	30	30
German	1,225	600	625	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	30	10	15	30	15	15
Norwegian	20	5	10	60	20	35
Swedish	15	5	5	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	5	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	425	215	210
Greek	270	135	130	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,475	1,335	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	995	860	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	250	135	115	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	100	60	35	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	310	190	120	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	5	5	0	50	20	25
Konkani	0	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	30	15	15	845	440	405
Nepali	475	235	240	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	125	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	5	5	0	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	1,480	750	730
Urdu	340	175	165	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	960	475	480	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	85	50	40	850	440	410
Pashto	45	20	20	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	825	405	420	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	595	645	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	5	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	165	70	85	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	195	90	105	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	70	35	35	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	810	390	420	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	110	35	70	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	710	330	385	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	85	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	15	5	5	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	55	45
Ga	5	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	5	0	5	95	50	50
Igbo	15	5	5	265	125	145
Lingala	0	5	0	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	350	175	170
Shona	0	0	0	410	190	225
Swahili	60	30	35	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	0	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	20	10	10	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	1,525	765	755
Dinka	10	5	10	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	725	350	375
Sign languages	285	145	140	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	110	55	60	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	175	90	80	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,550	2,345	2,200	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	4,545	2,345	2,200	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	640	335	310	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	5	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	3,410	1,740	1,675	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	415	235	180	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	1,500	770	730
Burmese	0	0	0	280	145	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	1,130	505	625
Lao	0	0	0	465	215	245
Thai	55	15	35	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	215	110	105	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	155	90	75
Turkish	140	70	75	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	70	40	30	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	75	35	40	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	5	5	5	25	10	15
Finnish	15	10	5	105	50	50
Hungarian	55	25	30	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	240	140	95
Multiple responses	11,540	5,715	5,825	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	2,180	995	1,185	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	8,970	4,515	4,450	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	75	40	30	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	315	155	160	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	912,295	442,470	469,825	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	861,780	418,525	443,260	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	17,005	8,480	8,525	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	16,390	7,210	9,175	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	16,275	7,850	8,420	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	2,135	930	1,205	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	14,135	6,920	7,220	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	150	70	80	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	220	105	115	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	470	230	245	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	774,750	372,455	402,290	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,260	358,055	386,205	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,813	38,379	26,750	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,545	358,085	386,455	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,627	33,642	24,590	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	648,960	320,380	328,580	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,938	36,363	24,497	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	554,985	243,860	311,130	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,438	8,175	6,961	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	523,020	264,375	258,645	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,979	35,676	25,405	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	357,820	386,455	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	49,413	34,132	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	357,855	386,710	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	39,776	28,993	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	320,370	328,540	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	48,457	32,345	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	243,445	312,295	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,859	8,211	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	264,475	258,545	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	46,606	32,275	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	245,425	131,095	114,325	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,665	53,785	42,236	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,820	63,886	48,717	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	87.7	80.7	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	69.7	63.3	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	12.3	19.3	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	30,485	14,395	16,090	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	744,265	358,060	386,205	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,125	43,575	60,545	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	134,355	50,310	84,050	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	114,855	47,195	67,660	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	98,325	45,040	53,280	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	79,435	39,605	39,830	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	57,255	32,255	25,000	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	41,715	25,830	15,885	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	33,195	19,945	13,250	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	25,500	14,900	10,605	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530	10,095	5,435	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	39,965	29,300	10,665	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	28,130	20,205	7,925	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	11,835	9,095	2,745	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	30,205	14,370	15,840	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	744,540	358,085	386,455	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,630	44,435	64,195	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	142,975	54,160	88,815	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	138,435	58,900	79,535	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	119,130	56,990	62,145	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	84,245	46,675	37,565	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	56,235	34,590	21,645	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	39,320	23,195	16,125	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	21,210	13,950	7,260	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	34,360	25,185	9,170	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	11,615	8,185	3,430	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	6,825	4,950	1,875	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	15,915	12,050	3,860	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	251,730	108,080	143,650	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	523,020	264,370	258,640	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	67.5	71.0	64.3	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	72,940	34,125	38,820	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	45,820	19,475	26,350	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	76,685	33,555	43,130	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	66,155	29,385	36,770	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	60,485	27,455	33,035	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	49,395	24,470	24,925	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	37,685	21,735	15,955	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	28,695	17,955	10,740	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	24,970	14,750	10,220	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	60,175	41,470	18,705	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	20,175	11,645	8,535	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	11,685	7,975	3,715	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	28,310	21,850	6,460	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,764	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,129	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	118,670	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,377	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,511	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	283,320	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,136	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,538	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,797	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,299	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	118,705	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,601	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,962	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	283,285	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,383	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,011	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	6,830	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,755	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,330	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,155	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,210	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,700	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,645	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,995	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,285	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,235	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,450	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,470	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,755	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,340	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,240	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	100,600	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,090	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,330	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	23,445	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,730	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	7,145	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,885	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,545	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,370	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	23,030	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,365	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,495	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	23,945	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	22,630	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,635	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,585	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,920	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,795	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,160	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,275	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	64,210	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,985	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,940	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,280	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	269,560	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,529	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,728	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	121,200	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,883	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	97,460	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,981	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,560	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,597	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,309	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	269,510	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,490	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,470	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	157,715	73,825	83,890	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,180	30,235	26,673	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,848	27,176	24,859	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	157,410	73,440	83,970	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,847	38,945	35,012	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,893	31,946	29,973	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	440,700	467,640	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	519,830	244,725	275,105	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	105,810	49,730	56,080	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	112,825	49,900	62,920	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	102,515	48,345	54,175	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	100,645	48,515	52,130	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	98,030	48,235	49,800	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	388,510	195,975	192,540	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	94,350	47,240	47,110	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	89,765	45,260	44,505	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	83,140	41,815	41,330	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	69,850	35,450	34,400	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	51,410	26,210	25,195	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	898,345	435,895	462,450	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	159,820	81,670	78,150	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	49,595	25,280	24,310	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	565,395	274,120	291,275	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	173,125	80,100	93,025	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,955	70,415	84,540	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	35,525	18,145	17,380	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	12,740	6,470	6,275	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	88,355	40,375	47,985	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	31,075	11,890	19,185	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.2	18.3	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	25.7	25.6	25.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.7	16.5	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.8	20.6	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,745	34,290	36,460	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	15,285	7,805	7,485	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	5,645	2,870	2,775	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	52,220	25,185	27,030	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	3,240	1,295	1,945	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.9	7.9	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.3	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	908,340	440,730	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	905,700	439,525	466,180	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	905,020	439,215	465,805	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	95,740	42,150	53,585	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	64,100	31,380	32,725	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,685	2,960	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	5,575	2,635	2,935	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,550	2,625	2,920	35	15	15
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5,540	2,625	2,920	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	10	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	10	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	35	25	15	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	30	15	10	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	145	75	70
Salish languages	10	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	28,715	29,770	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,730	5,745	4,985	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	25	15	15	540	335	205
Kabyle	25	15	15	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	155	65	95	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	20	15	10	370	235	135
Oromo	40	15	20	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	75	25	55	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	55	20	40
Semitic languages	10,635	5,715	4,925	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	260	135	120	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	9,685	5,185	4,500	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	630	370	260	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	25	0	25	145	85	55
Tigrigna	140	65	70	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	260	310	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	555	255	300	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	3,035	1,275	1,760	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	10	0	10	330	150	180
Cebuano	185	80	100	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	10	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	70	20	55	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	10	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	80	25	60	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,835	1,195	1,635	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	360	185	175	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	65	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	1,365	785	580	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	75	45	35	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	560	310	250	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	450	260	190	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	350	215	135	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	30,820	15,070	15,755	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	405	185	215	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	80	45	30	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	110	35	80	1,360	660	705
Latvian	50	15	35	590	300	290
Lithuanian	55	15	40	775	360	415
Slavic languages	4,010	1,910	2,105	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	10	0	10	200	95	105
Bosnian	145	60	80	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	75	35	35	1,795	945	850
Croatian	275	105	165	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	210	95	110	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	90	55	30	535	270	265
Polish	900	410	490	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	1,945	970	970	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	180	85	95	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	50	1,095	550	540
Slovak	145	70	75	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	735	360	375
Ukrainian	425	180	245	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	130
Celtic languages	1,070	495	580	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	910	400	505	440	215	225
Welsh	35	25	10	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	450	220	225
Germanic languages	9,225	4,490	4,740	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	320	140	175	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	235	125	110	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	2,105	935	1,165	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	60	30	30	475	275	205
German	6,335	3,180	3,155	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	100	40	60	160	70	95
Norwegian	150	105	40	1,450	635	810
Swedish	245	115	130	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	380	170	215
Yiddish	30	15	15	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	125	45	85	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,315	670	645	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	6,535	3,635	2,900	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,790	2,140	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	625	350	275	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	240	150	90	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	2,270	1,300	975	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	15	0	10	125	80	45
Konkani	15	15	0	625	300	320
Marathi	135	85	45	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	620	315	305	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	570	445	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	10	0	0	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	125	120	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	1,090	660	425	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	1,625	865	755	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	185	110	75	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	85	55	30	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	1,385	725	660	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	9,365	4,270	5,100	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	15	10	10	170	95	80
Italian	1,665	845	820	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	910	480	430	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	240	140	105	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	6,990	3,020	3,970	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	250	130	125
Japanese	865	335	530	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	225	130	100
Georgian	0	10	0	230	130	100
Korean	1,530	685	850	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	1,340	715	620	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	65	40	30	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	10	10	10	60	30	30
Edo	10	10	0	620	325	290
Ewe	80	50	30	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	300	165	135
Ga	30	15	20	345	190	155
Ganda	60	15	40	610	305	305
Igbo	70	45	30	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	30	15	15	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	65	65	1,155	605	550
Shona	65	40	35	1,810	850	960
Swahili	370	200	175	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	35	15	20	600	365	235
Yoruba	250	125	125	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	175	130	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	20	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	10	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	1,605	555	1,045	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	795	235	555	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	815	325	495	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,135	3,615	3,515	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	7,115	3,610	3,500	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	1,555	730	820	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	45	25	25	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	5,435	2,720	2,710	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	75	120	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	30	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	575	340	245	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	0	0	0	605	305	295
Karenic languages	0	0	0	805	415	390
Tibetan	20	10	15	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	240	110	130	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	20	0	10	1,520	730	795
Thai	220	100	120	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	620	320	300	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	630	325	300
Turkish	480	225	255	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	15	0	10	290	135	155
Uzbek	105	60	40	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	355	170	180
Uralic languages	430	200	230	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	50	25	20	185	85	105
Finnish	120	55	70	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	255	115	140	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	908,340	440,735	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	878,415	425,340	453,070	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	159,440	81,575	77,870	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	718,970	343,770	375,200	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	29,930	15,395	14,535	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	908,340	440,730	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	842,760	407,740	435,015	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,675	27,270	28,405	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	19,200	9,335	9,865	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,330	2,470	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	6,705	3,140	3,560	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	13,185	6,540	6,645	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	5,105	2,500	2,600	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	8,080	4,035	4,045	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,790	5,925	5,865	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,900	5,720	4,185	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,675	27,270	28,410	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	7,280	3,495	3,785	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,240	5,205	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,670	5,500	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	22,980	11,315	11,660	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	4,800	2,550	2,250	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,680	27,270	28,410	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	10,610	4,830	5,780	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	175	75	100	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	175	90	85	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	95	50	45	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	170	85	90	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	55	30	30	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	480	210	275	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	325	155	175	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	105	35	75	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	220	120	100	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,375	3,320	4,055	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	1,430	675	750	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	22,110	11,195	10,920	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	100	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	180	75	105	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	610	330	280	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	2,600	1,270	1,330	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	505	270	235	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	110	40	65	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	475	225	255	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	525	310	215	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	1,645	790	855	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	630	265	365	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	220	140	80	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	180	100	80	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	585	270	315	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	90	45	45	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	335	145	195	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,275	5,815	5,460	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	985	945	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	3,525	1,855	1,675	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	25	15	15	1,340	715	625
Egypt	770	395	370	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	185	105	85	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	125	75	50	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	80	50	30	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	350	185	165	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	65	30	35	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	460	205	250	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	790	675	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	18,955	9,100	9,855	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	100	40	60	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	315	180	135	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,830	1,140	1,685	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	130	155	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	2,225	1,190	1,040	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	970	525	440	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	525	250	285	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	225	60	170	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	870	340	530	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	1,370	755	610	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	615	315	295	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	2,570	1,035	1,540	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	310	140	175	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,150	565	580	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	225	100	120	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	450	205	245	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	2,130	1,795	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	480	295	180	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,785	5,920	5,870	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	1,390	675	715	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	95	40	55	860	370	490
Colombia	15	0	15	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	70	40	30	465	215	255
Haiti	20	15	0	385	240	150
Jamaica	195	100	95	1,660	765	895
Mexico	105	55	45	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	310	305	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	275	115	165	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	2,210	1,165	1,045	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	110	55	55	425	240	180
Germany	215	110	100	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	25	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	715	365	350
Romania	40	25	15	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	180	75	100	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	140	55	80	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	620	460	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	355	165	190	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	1,085	600	485	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	15	0	10	255	115	135
Cameroon	0	0	10	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	420	210	210
Egypt	205	105	95	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	70	40	30	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	45	35	10	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	30	15	10	515	265	250
Nigeria	200	100	100	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	10	0	10	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	10	10	0	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	150	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	7,035	3,435	3,600	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	20	0	20	810	435	375
Bangladesh	80	50	30	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	985	465	520	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	750	305	450
India	900	490	410	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	125	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	245	125	120	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	280	180	100	480	250	230
Japan	70	25	50	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	225	75	150	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	75	35	40	1,470	755	710
Nepal	185	95	85	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	145	80	65	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	1,500	640	860	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	125	75	50	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	100	55	50	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	890	420	460	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	0	0	0	505	165	340
Turkey	100	55	40	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	810	430	375
Viet Nam	65	20	45	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	70	50	20	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	35	30	0	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	15	15	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	908,340	440,735	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	70,310	35,320	34,990	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	69,125	33,765	35,360	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	768,905	371,645	397,260	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,000	18,195	18,805	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	21,830	11,270	10,560	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,710	5,865	2,845	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	13,115	5,405	7,710	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10,415	4,455	5,955	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,520	2,345	2,175	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	235	120	115	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	908,340	440,730	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	51,495	24,900	26,595	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	49,935	24,175	25,765	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	25,830	12,460	13,370	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	23,315	11,325	11,985	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	795	385	410	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	835	425	410	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	725	300	420	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	415,835	441,015	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	908,340	440,735	467,610	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	18,940	9,135	9,805	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,405	431,595	457,800	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	908,340	440,735	467,610	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,055	7,255	7,805	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,780	7,120	7,655	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	11,995	5,790	6,210	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	2,560	1,245	1,315	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	220	85	135	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	275	135	145	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	95	115	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,980	27,665	31,315	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	56,830	26,660	30,170	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	15,975	18,400	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	10,120	11,080	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	560	690	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,145	1,005	1,140	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	855	995	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	80	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	90	45	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	834,300	405,810	428,495	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	440,735	467,605	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	58,650	29,305	29,350	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,910	4,385	3,525	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	8,640	4,210	4,435	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	21,915	10,735	11,175	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	3,400	1,485	1,920	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	1,685	820	865	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	8,110	4,375	3,735	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	525	670	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,540	805	740	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	1,540	685	855	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	695	295	405	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	300	330	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,385	690	695	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	849,690	411,430	438,260	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	908,340	440,730	467,610	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	34,920	39,115	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	22,805	25,835	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	1,840	830	1,010	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	26,025	12,435	13,585	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	410,825	197,970	212,855	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	23,700	11,050	12,650	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	7,515	3,730	3,785	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	387,360	186,955	200,405	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	1,750	835	910	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	1,295	625	665	190	115	70
Ontarian	95	65	35	110	65	45
Québécois	380	190	185	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	415	210	205
European origins	621,525	299,755	321,760	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	513,725	246,085	267,645	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	90	25	60	225	115	115
Cornish	105	45	65	210	90	115
English	262,375	124,610	137,765	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	195,865	91,260	104,605	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	145	70	70	945	450	495
Scottish	272,880	129,640	143,240	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	17,135	8,105	9,030	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	18,975	8,955	10,020	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	149,665	70,095	79,570	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	25	20	10	200	120	80
Breton	15	10	10	60	25	35
Corsican	20	20	0	125	65	70
French	149,625	70,065	79,565	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	59,420	65,690	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	1,775	880	895	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	10	10	10	110	60	55
Belgian	2,615	1,320	1,305	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	32,045	14,640	17,410	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	160	80	80	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	50	20	30	685	380	305
German	97,555	46,450	51,100	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	30	20	10	680	355	320
Swiss	2,705	1,335	1,375	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	75	60	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,985	7,075	7,910	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	3,700	1,695	2,005	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	1,140	505	630	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	660	295	370	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	5,170	2,535	2,635	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	3,565	1,575	1,990	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,365	750	620	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	29,685	14,315	15,370	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	280	130	145	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	195	85	105	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	1,165	620	545	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	420	175	245	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	345	185	165	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	2,700	1,320	1,380	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	380	160	220	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	1,150	510	635	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	10	0	10	1,585	790	790
Polish	11,575	5,525	6,050	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	1,190	540	650	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	4,775	2,210	2,570	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	610	320	290	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	9,115	4,475	4,640	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	310	150	160	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	28,680	13,790	14,890	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	285	140	145	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	155	75	75	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	0	0	0	85	55	25
Croatian	680	325	360	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	40	30	15	160	90	70
Greek	3,360	1,705	1,650	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	15,620	7,605	8,015	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	255	115	145	420	210	210
Macedonian	165	90	80	1,015	485	535
Maltese	440	215	220	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	20	10	10	290	185	105
Portuguese	3,580	1,700	1,880	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	255	120	135	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	40	20	15	330	160	170
Slovenian	150	70	85	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	4,300	1,875	2,425	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	400	205	200	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	85	50	40	245	120	125
Other European origins	5,465	2,845	2,625	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	160	75	85	425	210	215
Jewish	2,040	1,040	1,000	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	135	110	25	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	25	0	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,145	1,610	1,535	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	5,220	2,580	2,640	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	100	50	55	455	265	190
Bahamian	230	105	115	310	180	130
Barbadian	575	300	275	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	185	90	100	210	120	90
Carib	45	30	10	135	45	85
Cuban	340	145	195	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	150	85	65	930	530	395
Grenadian	35	20	20	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	115	50	65	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	2,075	1,050	1,025	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	15	30	95	65	30
Martinican	10	10	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	115	40	75	460	225	240
St. Lucian	65	20	50	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	170	155	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	785	420	365	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	330	155	180	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,525	1,525	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	185	90	100	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	65	40	25	1,385	705	680
Belizean	25	20	10	445	250	190
Bolivian	40	20	15	590	305	285
Brazilian	280	140	135	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	130	80	45	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	430	210	225	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	35	10	25	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	50	20	30	890	405	485
Guatemalan	90	65	35	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	350	160	195	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	60	35	25	1,785	905	885
Honduran	50	35	20	760	405	355
Maya	70	35	30	580	310	275
Mexican	810	415	395	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	45	20	25	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	25	10	15	320	150	170
Paraguayan	0	0	0	340	155	190
Peruvian	180	85	95	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	110	75	35	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	15	0	20	315	180	135
Venezuelan	80	50	30	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	185	80	105	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	17,655	8,560	9,095	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	1,335	700	635	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	10	0	10	130	80	50
Angolan	10	0	10	295	155	140
Ashanti	0	10	0	130	70	55
Beninese	20	10	10	200	90	105
Burkinabe	0	0	10	100	50	50
Cameroonian	70	35	35	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	180	95	85	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	10	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	10	0	10	110	60	50
Ghanaian	185	105	85	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	30	20	10	455	235	215
Ibo	90	50	40	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	10	0	0	655	355	295
Liberian	15	10	10	1,040	495	540
Malian	10	0	10	70	45	25
Malinké	15	10	10	95	55	45
Nigerian	445	240	210	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	10	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	10	10	0	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	80	45	35	740	395	345
Togolese	70	30	35	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	65	25	45	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	120	65	50	1,865	985	875
North African origins	2,030	1,045	980	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	85	45	40	1,620	805	815
Berber	70	50	20	685	415	270
Coptic	30	10	20	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	1,295	695	600	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	215	105	110	1,300	665	635
Maure	10	0	10	95	70	25
Moroccan	130	60	70	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	130	50	80	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	65	25	35	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	40	50	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	1,865	920	945	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	25	10	20	315	155	160
Amhara	10	10	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	700	395	310
Burundian	10	0	0	975	555	420
Djiboutian	0	0	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	160	85	75	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	280	120	155	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	160	85	75	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	20	0	15	125	55	70
Mauritian	0	0	0	550	310	235
Oromo	25	15	15	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	105	55	50	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	0	0	0	35	25	10
Somali	180	75	100	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	520	255	265	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	60	45	20	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	15	0	10	700	380	320
Ugandan	60	25	40	1,155	645	510
Zambian	80	35	50	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	100	55	45	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	0	0	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	100	75	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	12,620	5,990	6,635	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,255	1,060	1,195	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,460	4,965	5,495	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	42,500	21,445	21,050	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,915	8,295	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	230	80	150	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,600	835	770	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	265	160	110	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	10	10	0	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	615	280	335
Georgian	20	15	10	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	1,405	785	620	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	595	270	325	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	245	120	120	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	260	150	115	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	45	30	20	565	260	310
Kurd	230	120	115	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	245	115	130	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	7,445	3,815	3,630	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	990	535	455	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	30	15	10	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	725	470	255	390	205	180
Syrian	2,190	1,090	1,100	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	20	10	10	265	160	105
Tatar	40	15	25	530	215	315
Turk	690	320	370	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	10	10	10	105	55	50
Uighur	10	10	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	90	60	30	485	225	260
Yemeni	205	105	95	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	780	410	370	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	8,495	4,690	3,805	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	240	135	110	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	65	40	20	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	225	100	125	815	410	400
East Indian	6,255	3,460	2,795	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	10	10	0	495	265	225
Gujarati	10	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	0	10	0	720	355	365
Nepali	430	220	210	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	665	405	260	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	230	110	115	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	40	10	30	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	340	150	190	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	60	30	35	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	470	290	175	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	7,850	8,870	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	15	0	10	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	40	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	9,695	4,720	4,980	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	3,580	1,585	1,995	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	65	75	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	905	385	515	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	0	0	0	740	390	345
Korean	1,590	700	895	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	15	0	10	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	80	30	45	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	55	30	30	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	10	10	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	240	100	140	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	245	85	155	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	10	0	10	965	500	465
Vietnamese	760	355	410	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	45	25	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	410	190	215	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	410	190	215	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	895	450	445	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	490	255	235	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	290	155	130	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	125	55	70	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	15	10	10	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	25	10	15	425	190	235
Maori	40	20	25	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	15	10	205	105	95
Samoan	10	0	10	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	0	20	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	276,095	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	123,595	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	2,300	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	13,370	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	388,625	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	1,140	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	45,675	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,410	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	158,975	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90,785	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	87,755	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	64,655	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	66,855	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	57,085	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	125,635	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	399,855	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,130	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	401,990	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	390,445	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	11,540	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	112,530	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	113,715	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,105	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	49,825	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,045	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,925	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	19,840	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	366,615	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,375	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	241,800	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	152,970	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,220	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	401,990	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,575	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,695	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,550	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,555	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,360	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	66,865	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,980	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	12,405	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	395,860	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	310,540	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,315	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	74,290	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	273,525	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	987	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,886	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,441	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	123,060	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.3	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	909	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	79,885	73,825	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,900	95,205	100,695	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	197,365	227,775	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	54,075	22,735	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	42,625	25,015	17,610	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	34,185	29,060	5,125	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	67,030	101,775	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	6,975	11,405	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	69,290	91,855	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	108,385	45,185	63,205	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	4,020	5,475	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,700	2,595	2,110	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	32,645	13,840	18,805	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,925	3,655	2,270	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	494,505	237,795	256,710	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,280	34,820	25,460	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	116,280	57,600	58,675	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	317,950	145,375	172,570	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,370	37,255	15,115	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,105	17,300	11,810	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,265	19,955	3,310	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,010	51,890	76,120	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,595	4,325	7,275	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125,970	51,905	74,065	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	85,240	34,830	50,410	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,895	2,610	4,285	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,775	1,850	1,925	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	26,025	10,380	15,640	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,045	2,240	1,805	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	349,605	175,090	174,520	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	31,395	8,460	22,930	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	31,390	8,465	22,930	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	5,095	5,605	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	1,565	505	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	3,530	5,100	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	18,830	7,520	11,310	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	355	820	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	1,530	3,580	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,540	3,000	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	35	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	675	565	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	1,340	860	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	3,615	1,865	1,755	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	880	190	695	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	11,980	28,175	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	145	490	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,285	1,260	2,025	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	750	8,365	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	1,920	4,185	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	135	475	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	8,170	2,060	6,110	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	12,240	5,710	6,520	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	93,075	27,030	66,045	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	55	150	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	1,345	4,940	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	25,630	60,960	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	7,650	7,685	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	2,990	3,925	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	1,455	1,880	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	35	120	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,005	1,255	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	165	500	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	9,355	6,390	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	8,055	4,695	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,210	175	1,040	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	995	600	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	200	135	65	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	87,340	5,580	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	860	510	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	11,925	10,290	1,640	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,110	1,695	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	24,800	24,235	570	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,680	780	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	11,545	11,165	380	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	4,615	3,015	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	2,160	2,055	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	2,450	960	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	66,770	10,595	56,175	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	1,730	1,825	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	61,755	7,955	53,800	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	910	550	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	17,700	14,830	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	4,455	13,170	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	240	10	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	50	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	4,540	3,535	1,005	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,625	600	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	45	10	40	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	40	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	494,505	237,795	256,710	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	176,560	92,420	84,135	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	20,590	4,940	15,650	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	20,585	4,940	15,650	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,145	3,855	4,285	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,515	1,140	375	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	6,630	2,715	3,915	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	13,745	5,275	8,465	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	895	280	615	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	3,800	1,095	2,705	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,425	1,125	2,305	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	35	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	910	490	420	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	795	535	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	2,710	1,340	1,370	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	620	130	490	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,650	9,150	23,500	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	110	410	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750	1,030	1,720	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,395	580	6,810	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	5,225	1,380	3,845	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	100	355	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	6,545	1,580	4,970	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	9,755	4,360	5,390	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	69,255	20,285	48,970	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	40	135	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,140	1,025	4,120	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	63,935	19,220	44,715	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,075	5,385	5,690	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,285	2,240	3,045	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,390	1,030	1,360	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	2,910	2,005	905	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	365	85	275	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,625	8,240	5,385	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,505	7,330	4,170	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	815	115	700	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,130	660	470	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	125	50	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,930	63,180	4,750	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	1,020	585	430	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	8,585	7,230	1,355	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,410	11,920	1,495	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	18,355	17,835	515	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,540	17,910	625	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	8,020	7,700	325	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,995	3,475	2,520	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,270	1,570	1,695	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,725	1,905	825	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	50,220	8,215	42,010	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,730	1,350	1,380	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	46,385	6,215	40,165	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,110	650	460	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,685	13,375	11,310	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	13,490	3,480	10,000	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	205	200	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	475	435	40	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	3,465	2,655	815	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,045	6,595	450	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	45	10	40	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	35	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,605	175,090	174,515	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425,145	197,365	227,775	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	182,875	213,810	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	141,965	173,175	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	40,915	40,640	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	28,450	14,485	13,965	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,950	4,110	3,840	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	1,530	540	995	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	1,755	935	825	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,530	3,225	2,305	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,080	445	635	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	350	210	145	2,150	1,275	875
Other	10,255	5,030	5,225	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	494,510	237,800	256,710	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	176,560	92,420	84,140	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	317,950	145,380	172,575	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	297,430	135,465	161,965	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	236,720	105,480	131,235	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	60,710	29,980	30,730	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,525	9,915	10,605	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,905	2,370	2,540	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	1,415	520	900	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	1,385	725	660	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,455	1,930	1,525	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	335	475	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	245	140	100	1,870	1,105	765
Other	8,305	3,900	4,405	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	774,750	372,455	402,290	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	427,310	215,010	212,305	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	47,280	27,765	19,520	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	300,155	129,680	170,475	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	61.3	65.2	57.6	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	55.2	57.7	52.8	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.4	8.4	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	274,375	117,550	156,825	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	500,370	254,905	245,465	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	252,820	135,940	116,880	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	247,550	118,965	128,585	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	474,590	242,775	231,820	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	420,745	210,170	210,570	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	44,585	27,805	16,775	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	45,530	27,170	18,365	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	17,930	49,565	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	21,980	5,465	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	37,600	6,290	31,310	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	20,975	37,185	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	5,560	6,930	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	113,135	45,385	67,750	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	64,200	3,430	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	15,730	2,650	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	12,755	4,705	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,795	4,465	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	14,165	3,610	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	3,630	390	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	2,880	2,115	760	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	33,555	30,185	3,370	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	32,375	23,565	8,810	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	9,650	3,690	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	26,295	33,280	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	14,980	4,680	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	5,250	4,055	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	15,240	5,690	9,545	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	3,890	2,980	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,065	14,090	11,975	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	255	365	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	12,950	9,295	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	35,480	11,705	23,780	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	10,435	53,955	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	4,555	4,835	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	33,115	12,095	21,025	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	8,875	10,320	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	40,225	23,590	16,635	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	427,310	215,010	212,300	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	28,075	13,780	14,300	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,185	485	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	51,545	38,965	12,575	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	346,020	161,075	184,945	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	161,075	184,945	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	116,125	134,875	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	23,850	33,655	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	17,425	14,805	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	3,675	1,610	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	397,570	200,045	197,525	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	159,660	150,580	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	12,090	17,055	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	25,315	11,425	13,890	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	24,870	11,635	13,235	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	2,480	1,695	785	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	5,520	3,535	1,985	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	397,565	200,045	197,525	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	136,245	62,375	73,880	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	73,055	72,260	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	37,770	32,025	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	13,070	11,335	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	21,815	13,785	8,030	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	397,570	200,045	197,520	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	16,345	7,430	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	44,615	31,570	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	60,740	59,185	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	32,835	50,670	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,470	14,005	21,465	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	31,510	27,205	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	514,080	261,365	252,710	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	510,800	259,940	250,860	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	509,100	258,990	250,105	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	502,960	256,380	246,585	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	6,135	2,615	3,525	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	1,705	950	755	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	650	350	295	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	650	355	295	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	645	350	290	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	645	355	295	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	600	455	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	150	45	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	150	45	840	530	305
Amharic	10	0	10	85	50	35
Arabic	165	135	30	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	15	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	225	160	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	25	20	10	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	10	10	10	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	85	65	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	10	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	30	10	15	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	30	15	15	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	75	30	40	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	20	25	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	230	120	115
American Sign Language	20	10	10	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	165	145	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	305	165	145	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	80	45	35	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	210	105	110	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	3,270	1,420	1,850	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	2,295	950	1,345	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	930	460	470	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	10	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	40	15	30	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	514,075	261,365	252,710	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	491,875	250,710	241,170	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	5,115	2,370	2,745	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	13,405	6,555	6,855	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	3,430	1,600	1,825	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	855	365	490	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	2,570	1,240	1,330	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	10	0	10	30	15	15
English and non-official language	0	10	0	215	105	110
French and non-official language	230	130	105	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	900,450	436,790	463,660	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	792,100	384,560	407,535	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	108,350	52,230	56,120	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	68,165	32,930	35,235	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	40,185	19,300	20,885	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	33,720	16,055	17,665	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	8,390	10,090	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	7,665	7,570	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	6,470	3,240	3,225	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	866,425	419,580	446,845	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	582,705	283,125	299,575	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	283,720	136,455	147,265	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	169,570	81,405	88,165	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	114,150	55,045	59,100	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	94,885	45,015	49,860	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	23,230	27,095	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	21,785	22,770	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	19,270	10,035	9,240	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nova Scotia [Province] and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Nova Scotia [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Alberta [Province]