Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	375	50	325	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	535	255	280	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	1,770	890	885	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	10	5	5	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	5	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	5	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	55	25	30
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	355	135	225
Woods Cree	780	370	410	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	925	440	485	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	20	10	15	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	5	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	25	15	15
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	10	5	5
Dakota	195	85	105	5	5	5
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	10	5	0	725	405	320
Kabyle	5	0	0	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	55	25	30	250	140	110
Oromo	195	100	90	1,445	720	730
Somali	775	355	415	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	225	115	110
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	290	140	155	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	5	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	75	45	30	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	10	5	5	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	680	340	340	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	85	40	40	595	260	330
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	25	20	5	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	790	370	415	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	125	55	70	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	40	15	25	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	220	105	120	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	60	35	30	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	850	455	395	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	350	200	150	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	285	165	120	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	380	190	190	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	70	40	30	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	175	85	90	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	100	45	50	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	75	40	35	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	0	0	0	515	230	280
Bosnian	225	110	120	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	65	35	30	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	455	240	220	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	235	115	125	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	55	30	30	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	465	235	225	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	115	60	55	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	60	30	30	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	450	210	240
Welsh	30	10	15	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	225	120	110
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	880	450	430	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	255	145	110	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	1,385	685	700	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	30	20	10	1,240	630	620
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	55	20	25	210	100	110
Norwegian	310	140	165	940	405	540
Swedish	150	60	90	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	25	10	10	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	170	80	85
Greek	935	490	445	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	1,545	880	665	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	20	10	10	345	170	175
Konkani	35	15	10	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	140	80	55	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	770	400	370	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	120	65	55	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	145	80	65	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	555	315	235	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	5	0	0	285	150	135
Italian	705	365	340	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	615	265	350	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	850	425	430	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	420	200	215
Japanese	320	100	220	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	1,200	635	565
Georgian	5	0	5	1,200	635	565
Korean	1,670	800	865	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	405	180	220
Mongolian	40	20	25	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	0	0	5	140	60	80
Edo	35	20	15	1,140	475	670
Ewe	50	30	20	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	365	180	185
Ga	20	15	5	600	275	325
Ganda	35	15	20	760	360	400
Igbo	215	125	90	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	30	20	15	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	1,330	545	785
Shona	90	55	40	1,455	660	790
Swahili	425	220	205	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	20	10	10	290	145	150
Yoruba	465	240	220	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	1,610	810	800
Dinka	115	70	45	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	200	100	100	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	65	35	35	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	35	20	15	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	0	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	180	115	65	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	810	395	415	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	15	5	10	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	345	175	170	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	180	55	125	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	360	185	175	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	290	155	130	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	5	0	5	515	255	260
Uzbek	30	5	15	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	20	10	10	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	205	85	120	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	315	150	165	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	105	50	55
Woods Cree	180	100	85	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	5	0	5
Dakota	35	15	10	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	0	0	0	345	175	170
Kabyle	5	0	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	30	15	15	170	80	85
Oromo	140	75	70	805	380	425
Somali	530	245	290	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	110	50	65
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	150	75	70	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	25	10	15	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	0	0	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	430	205	220	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	15	5	10	90	35	55
Cebuano	580	280	295	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	910	385	530
Ilocano	240	115	120	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	35	20	15	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	445	200	250
Pangasinan	10	5	5	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	380	175	200
Creole languages	95	35	65	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	20	10	10	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	525	265	260	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	155	90	65	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	145	75	70	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	205	100	100	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	45	25	20	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	80	35	45	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	40	20	20	860	350	515
Lithuanian	40	15	25	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	0	0	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	85	45	40	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	35	20	15	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	170	85	85	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	30	20	15	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	35	15	15	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	480	220	255	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	1,725	875	840	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	270	140	130	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	30	15	15	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	355	160	190
Celtic languages	10	5	5	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	60	30	25
Welsh	5	0	5	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	530	275	250	755	365	390
Danish	10	5	0	280	135	150
Dutch	200	110	95	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	0	0	90	45	45
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	10	5	10	70	30	40
Swedish	10	5	10	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	5	0	5	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	655	315	340
Greek	395	190	205	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	1,915	980	930	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	880	490	390	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	5	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	10	5	5	540	260	280
Marathi	55	30	30	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	570	290	275	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	55	25	25	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	65	40	30	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	345	185	160	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	0	0	0	135	60	75
Italian	155	80	75	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	220	100	115	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	315	165	150	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	110	50	60
Japanese	120	45	75	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	1,180	590	595	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	225	115	110
Mongolian	25	10	10	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	10	0	5	305	120	180
Ewe	5	5	5	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	10	5	5	195	85	110
Igbo	40	15	20	540	265	275
Lingala	15	10	10	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	420	160	260
Shona	35	25	15	455	210	245
Swahili	200	90	110	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	0	5	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	115	55	55	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	550	260	290
Dinka	65	30	30	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	425	195	225
Sign languages	285	175	105	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	50	30	20	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	5	0	0	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	115	65	55	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	640	310	335	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	10	0	5	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	125	60	60	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	70	25	45	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	195	100	95	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	770	385	380
Turkish	170	90	85	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	10	5	10	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	250	130	120
Uralic languages	240	125	120	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	10	0	5	790	290	500
Finnish	15	10	5	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	215	110	105	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	465	245	225
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	1,210	575	635	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	150	85	70	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	170	85	85	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	860	440	420	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	495	245	255	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	10	10	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	65	25	45
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	605	255	350
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	10	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	0	10	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	510	255	250	40	10	30
Dakota	415	205	210	20	10	10
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	40	35	0	925	505	415
Kabyle	10	10	0	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	85	40	45	355	200	160
Oromo	160	70	90	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	1,090	520	570	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	205
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	545	255	290	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	470	245	230	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	0	0	0	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	705	350	355	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	90	30	55	755	340	425
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	20	10	10	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	785	365	415	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	10	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	215	95	115	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	45	25	20	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	495	230	270	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	115	65	55	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	635	345	290	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	435	270	165	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	560	275	285	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	115	65	45	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	225	120	110	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	135	60	70	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	95	60	35	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	20	0	15	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	325	155	165	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	75	40	35	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	605	355	250	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	300	155	150	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	65	35	35	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	790	410	385	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	125	85	40	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	165	105	65	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	1,480	720	765
Welsh	50	30	20	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	320	195	125	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	1,510	720	790	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	25	15	15	1,655	820	835
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	70	40	30	285	130	155
Norwegian	415	180	235	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	230	95	130	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	75	35	30	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	1,470	725	745	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	40	25	20	600	300	300
Konkani	40	30	15	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	185	120	70	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	835	435	400	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	180	105	75	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	145	90	60	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	555	315	240	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	0	10	0	515	275	240
Italian	1,360	670	690	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	885	380	505	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	1,105	525	575	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	1,355	745	605
Japanese	1,205	540	665	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	1,555	775	780
Georgian	15	0	10	1,555	770	785
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	515	225	285
Mongolian	60	25	30	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	0	0	10	385	195	185
Edo	20	0	20	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	100	45	55	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	700	320	375
Ga	45	25	15	1,340	645	695
Ganda	20	10	10	1,225	550	675
Igbo	625	325	300	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	140	70	65	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	150	90	55	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	950	570	380	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	40	25	15	730	355	375
Yoruba	965	470	495	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	100	65	40	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	650	215	435	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	30	10	20	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	315	185	130	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	635	310	325	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	30	15	10	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	410	170	240	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	275	105	170	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	640	365	285	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	530	310	220	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	700	350	345
Uzbek	60	25	35	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	915	450	465
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	20	15	10	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	360	170	190	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	185	65	120	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	555	275	280	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	630	290	340	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	155	75	85	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	65	45	20	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	815	425	395	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	1,330	665	665	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	165	60	100	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	445	280	165	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	215	90	125	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	605	325	280	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	395	215	180	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	570	305	265	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	1,395	690	705	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	220	105	120	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	695	335	360	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	805	345	460	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	50	35	15	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	435	230	205	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	635	285	355	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	425	225	200	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	180	95	80	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	635	335	300	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	515	230	285	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	1,175	625	550	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	265	65	200	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	255	160	90	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	180	80	100	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	45	10	35	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	115	55	65	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	35	20	15	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	10	10	0	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	405	230	180	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	435	215	225	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	50	15	45	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	190	105	80	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	880	400	480
Romania	95	35	60	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	220	85	135	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	0	0	0	415	180	240
Cameroon	70	35	30	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	605	245	360
Egypt	160	75	85	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	305	145	160	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	190	110	85	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	90	40	45	655	275	375
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	300	170	125	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	85	45	40	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	125	45	85	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	1,985	800	1,190
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	405	200	205	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	95	55	35	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	40	10	35	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	80	50	30	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	235	145	90	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	60	30	30	1,015	435	580
Turkey	80	45	35	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	855	415	445	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	85	55	30	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	955	420	530	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	650	305	345	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	485	270	215	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	20	20	10	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	240	100	140	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	675	375	300
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	10	0	0	1,120	530	590
Cornish	35	15	20	755	370	385
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	250	120	130	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	10	10	10	1,235	495	740
Breton	25	10	15	290	175	120
Corsican	15	0	15	205	125	85
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	50	45	0	450	225	230
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	805	415	395	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	70	35	35	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	500	275	225	915	500	415
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	355	190	160	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	290	150	140	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	265	150	115	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	535	265	265	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	345	145	200	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	1,390	750	645	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	605	310	290	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	515	260	260	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	15	10	10	285	180	110
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	45	35	10	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	30	25	10	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	110	45	65	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	125	65	60	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	85	40	40	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	1,300	670	630	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	100	75	25	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	640	275	365	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	965	425	540
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	50	40	10	1,585	805	780
Jewish	1,725	905	815	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	0	0	0	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	15	10	0	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	110	45	60	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	20	20	0	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	10	0	10	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	185	125	55	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	115	75	45	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	60	25	30	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	110	75	40	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	45	15	25	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	0	0	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	160	60	95	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	55	35	15	810	395	415
Bolivian	45	30	15	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	305	150	155	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	860	450	415	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	705	335	370	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	50	15	35	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	270	135	140	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	185	110	75	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	125	75	50	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	95	45	50	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	140	75	65	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	15	0	10	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	40	30	10	600	280	320
Peruvian	295	120	175	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	765	350	415	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	65	20	40	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	55	30	30	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	115	80	40	965	540	425
Angolan	10	0	10	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	10	10	0	1,205	620	585
Beninese	0	0	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	20	15	10	415	190	225
Cameroonian	205	90	110	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	530	290	240	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	40	20	15	1,025	545	480
Ewe	10	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	40	20	15	630	305	330
Ghanaian	555	320	235	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	25	20	10	1,105	550	560
Ibo	485	275	215	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	75	35	45	1,350	600	745
Liberian	85	25	60	770	365	405
Malian	30	15	15	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	0	0	0	135	80	55
Senegalese	20	15	10	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	1,175	585	585
Togolese	55	35	20	670	370	300
Wolof	0	10	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	520	270	255	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	70	50	15	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	55	45	15	1,845	985	860
Coptic	40	15	20	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	35	20	15	205	110	95
Egyptian	535	290	245	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	205	115	85	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	220	110	115	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	935	515	420	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	105	60	50	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	60	35	30	560	285	275
Amhara	20	10	10	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	870	455	415
Burundian	300	155	145	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	10	10	10	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	675	335	345	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	190	95	95	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	10	0	10	430	200	230
Mauritian	205	90	110	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	140	65	75	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	80	20	60	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	10	10	0	350	140	205
Somali	1,275	635	635	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	1,295	680	615	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	55	35	20	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	45	30	15	770	395	375
Ugandan	90	40	50	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	190	90	100	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	35	30	10	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	780	390	385	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	240	130	115	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	215	120	95	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	35	20	10	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	25	10	20	680	390	290
Iranian	1,345	740	600	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	120	75	50	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	75	40	30	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	30	15	15	1,325	610	715
Kurd	200	110	90	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	340	130	210
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	120	60	55	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	175	100	75	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	1,365	740	625	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	10	10	0	1,850	880	970
Tatar	60	25	35	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	860	450	405	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	20	10	10	695	345	355
Uighur	0	0	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	70	15	50	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	45	20	20	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	600	350	250	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	210	110	100	1,450	710	735
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	45	25	15	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	195	105	95	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	115	75	40	1,795	900	895
Nepali	565	320	245	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	65	30	30	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	120	65	55	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	465	210	260	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	220	115	105	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	1,220	530	690	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	585	290	290	1,645	830	815
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	705	335	380	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	160	75	80	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	205	105	100	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	10	0	10	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	265	115	155	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	420	170	250	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	50	35	25	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	890	505	385	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	265	140	125	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	110	60	50	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	25	10	10	470	235	240
Maori	45	0	35	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	275	115	165
Samoan	55	25	30	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	990	85	905	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	40	20	20	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	1,365	725	640	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	730	60	670	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	35	15	20	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	220	125	95	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	200	115	85	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	1,995	590	1,405	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	10	0	10	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	75	65	0	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	10	0	10	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	245	135	115	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	95	35	60	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	0	0	0	1,925	960	960
Russian	25	10	10	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	0	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	65	20	50	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	40	25	20	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	80	50	30	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	10	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	25	15	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	10	730	255	475
Hindi	20	10	10	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	10	0	10	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	50	25	30	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	20	10	15	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	0	0	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	10	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	105	40	60	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	10	0	10	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	110	40	70	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	810	295	515
American Sign Language	10	0	10	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	990	540	450	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	250	140	105	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	10	0	10	30	10	25
Mandarin	605	310	300	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	90	50	45
Burmese	15	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	25	20	10	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	10	0	10	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	15	0	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	10	0	10	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	650	235	410	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	0	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	10	0	10	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	170	90	85	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Ontario [Province]